Mgt 240 LectureMgt 240 Lecture

Computing at ND:Computing at ND:

Operating Systems and Operating Systems and SoftwareSoftware

January 18, 2005January 18, 2005

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

Seating chartsSeating charts Lecture homework help session Lecture homework help session

Thursday 7-9pm L050 – Andy GrauThursday 7-9pm L050 – Andy Grau Homework for next week – Working Homework for next week – Working

with the operating systemwith the operating system

Today in LectureToday in Lecture

Review of hardware reading materialReview of hardware reading material Operating system softwareOperating system software Application software with a focus on Application software with a focus on

ExcelExcel

What Tasks Do Your Perform What Tasks Do Your Perform on your Computer When You on your Computer When You

Start Each Lab Session? Start Each Lab Session?

What Software Do You Use What Software Do You Use When You Do Your Work in the When You Do Your Work in the

Lab?Lab?

Software Used in Excel Portion Software Used in Excel Portion of Mgt 240 Labof Mgt 240 Lab

Operating SystemOperating System Microsoft Windows XPMicrosoft Windows XP Previous versions of Microsoft WindowsPrevious versions of Microsoft Windows Computer Platform ReportComputer Platform Report

Microsoft Excel 2003Microsoft Excel 2003

Operating Systems Operating Systems SoftwareSoftware

Operating System Software Operating System Software – What is It?– What is It?

Used to control your computerUsed to control your computer Starts up computerStarts up computer Controls file storageControls file storage Controls processingControls processing Controls hardware and software loaded on computerControls hardware and software loaded on computer Controls network connectionsControls network connections

Provides the interface with which you interactProvides the interface with which you interact Responsible for desktop interface (graphical user Responsible for desktop interface (graphical user

interface)interface) Whenever the computer is on, the operating Whenever the computer is on, the operating

system is workingsystem is working

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Where is It Stored?– Where is It Stored?

My Computer, Hard Drive, My Computer, Hard Drive, Windows FolderWindows Folder Stored on hard driveStored on hard drive

Look at the Properties of the Look at the Properties of the Windows FolderWindows Folder Takes up a lot of hard drive spaceTakes up a lot of hard drive space Many different support files and Many different support files and

foldersfolders

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s – Where is it When It’s

Running?Running? Windows Task Manager - Ctrl-Alt-Windows Task Manager - Ctrl-Alt-

DelDel Applications currently running tabApplications currently running tab

This is where you see what applications This is where you see what applications are currently running on your computerare currently running on your computer

All of the currently running programs All of the currently running programs are allocated space in memory (RAM) are allocated space in memory (RAM) and processor timeand processor time

OS not listedOS not listed

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s – Where is it When It’s

Running?Running? Processes tabProcesses tab

Each currently running application and the Each currently running application and the operating system are made up of processes operating system are made up of processes that are assigned space in memory and that are assigned space in memory and processor timeprocessor time

16 of 30 currently running processes on the 16 of 30 currently running processes on the computer I used to prepare this lecture were computer I used to prepare this lecture were devoted to the operating systemdevoted to the operating system

Total memory usage: 58, 216 KBTotal memory usage: 58, 216 KB How many MB’s is this?How many MB’s is this? How many MB’s of RAM do you have on a typical How many MB’s of RAM do you have on a typical

PC?PC?

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s – Where is it When It’s

Running?Running? Performance TabPerformance Tab

Totals for Totals for Physical memory (amount of RAM installed Physical memory (amount of RAM installed

on your computer)on your computer) Kernel memory (amount of memory devoted Kernel memory (amount of memory devoted

to the operating system)to the operating system) Commit charge (amount of memory being Commit charge (amount of memory being

used by both applications and operating used by both applications and operating system)system)

The Windows Operating The Windows Operating System is Big!System is Big!

It takes up a lot of room on your It takes up a lot of room on your hard drivehard drive

It takes up a lot of room in It takes up a lot of room in memorymemory

It takes up processor timeIt takes up processor time That’s why new versions of That’s why new versions of

Windows have recommendations Windows have recommendations regarding processor speed, regarding processor speed, memory size, and hard drive sizememory size, and hard drive size

Operating System Operating System AlternativesAlternatives

Most PC’s come with Windows installed on Most PC’s come with Windows installed on them (if they’re not Mac’s!)them (if they’re not Mac’s!)

A lot of people don’t like Windows. They A lot of people don’t like Windows. They think it’sthink it’s Too bigToo big Not secure enoughNot secure enough Has too many bugs (mistakes in its programming Has too many bugs (mistakes in its programming

that create problems for users)that create problems for users) Too expensiveToo expensive

You have to have some operating system You have to have some operating system running your computerrunning your computer

What can you do?What can you do? There are alternatives!There are alternatives!

One of them is One of them is LinuxLinux

LinuxLinux

FreeFree Based on version of Unix (another operating Based on version of Unix (another operating

system that is often used on more powerful system that is often used on more powerful computers)computers)

Can come with different interfacesCan come with different interfaces Graphical user interface (like Windows)Graphical user interface (like Windows) Command-lineCommand-line

Many free applications designed to work Many free applications designed to work with the Linux operating systemwith the Linux operating system

Not supported at NDNot supported at ND That means that no one at OIT will help you with it That means that no one at OIT will help you with it notnot that you can’t use it that you can’t use it

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Commonly Used Features– Commonly Used Features

File managementFile management Every time you open, copy, or save a file Every time you open, copy, or save a file

the operating system is involvedthe operating system is involved Controlling your computing Controlling your computing

environmentenvironment You can adjust everything from your You can adjust everything from your

screen saver to your keyboard sensitivity screen saver to your keyboard sensitivity through the control panel – your gateway through the control panel – your gateway to many operating system functionsto many operating system functions

Operating System Software Operating System Software – File Management– File Management

The operating system is in The operating system is in charge of all facets of file charge of all facets of file managementmanagement It tells the computer what to do It tells the computer what to do

about physical file managementabout physical file management It provides the interface for you to It provides the interface for you to

logically manage fileslogically manage files

Physical File Physical File ManagementManagement

The operating system assigns memory The operating system assigns memory (RAM) to applications that are currently (RAM) to applications that are currently running on your computer and keeps running on your computer and keeps track of those memory locations (we track of those memory locations (we saw this in the task manager)saw this in the task manager)

The operating system assigns storage The operating system assigns storage space and keeps track of where files space and keeps track of where files and applications are stored on your and applications are stored on your hard drivehard drive

Properties of Drives, Properties of Drives, Folders, and FilesFolders, and Files

Look at properties of C: drive. It Look at properties of C: drive. It showsshows

What kind of file system the operating What kind of file system the operating system uses: NTFSsystem uses: NTFS

Used to provide physical addresses for your Used to provide physical addresses for your files and applications on your hard drivefiles and applications on your hard drive

How much of your hard drive is How much of your hard drive is used/unusedused/unused

Properties of Drives, Properties of Drives, Folders, and FilesFolders, and Files

C: drive properties (cont.)C: drive properties (cont.) Gives you the option toGives you the option to

Clean up your disk (compress old files, delete Clean up your disk (compress old files, delete temporary files, and unused program files)temporary files, and unused program files)

Compress entire contents of disk to free up Compress entire contents of disk to free up spacespace

Allow indexing of files for fast searchAllow indexing of files for fast search De-fragment drive (puts files with parts stored De-fragment drive (puts files with parts stored

separately together to speed up access)separately together to speed up access) Share drives and filesShare drives and files Set access rightsSet access rights Set security features (encrypt information)Set security features (encrypt information)

Logical File MangementLogical File Mangement

Allows you to create, arrange, and store Allows you to create, arrange, and store files in a way that makes sense to youfiles in a way that makes sense to you

It reflects human thinking about file It reflects human thinking about file relationships and doesn’t have relationships and doesn’t have anything to do with the physical anything to do with the physical storage of the files in memory or on the storage of the files in memory or on the hard drivehard drive

In Windows the logical file management In Windows the logical file management tool is windows explorertool is windows explorer

Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer

Allows you to see the logical Allows you to see the logical organization of your drives and filesorganization of your drives and files

You canYou can View your files in a number of different View your files in a number of different

ways (View menu)ways (View menu) Arrange the files in a folder in a number Arrange the files in a folder in a number

of different waysof different ways Create new foldersCreate new folders Move or copy existing files and foldersMove or copy existing files and folders Set folder optionsSet folder options

Operating System Software Operating System Software – Controlling Your – Controlling Your

Computing EnvironmentComputing Environment In the Windows operating system, the In the Windows operating system, the

control panel allows you to exert control panel allows you to exert control over many aspects of your control over many aspects of your computing environmentcomputing environment

Open the control panel from the start Open the control panel from the start menumenu You see a number of icons that let you set You see a number of icons that let you set

various parameters on your computervarious parameters on your computer You will be working with the control You will be working with the control

panel in your hands-on homework for panel in your hands-on homework for this lecturethis lecture

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Application Software Application Software TypesTypes

PersonalPersonal GroupGroup EnterpriseEnterprise

Personal Application Personal Application SoftwareSoftware

Allows you to perform specific kinds Allows you to perform specific kinds of tasks, for exampleof tasks, for example Word processingWord processing Internet browsingInternet browsing

Written for specific operating systemsWritten for specific operating systems MS Office won’t run on LinuxMS Office won’t run on Linux

Stored on your computer’s hard driveStored on your computer’s hard drive Allocated memory space and Allocated memory space and

processor time by operating system processor time by operating system when you start them upwhen you start them up

Personal Application Personal Application Software at NDSoftware at ND

OIT maintains a OIT maintains a web pageweb page that provides that provides information about the software available on information about the software available on campuscampus

The University buys site licenses for many The University buys site licenses for many software applications so you can download software applications so you can download them onto your campus computer for free. them onto your campus computer for free.

Here is a Here is a list of software that can be downloaded or purchaslist of software that can be downloaded or purchased for reduced cost at NDed for reduced cost at ND

OIT also provides support (meaning you can OIT also provides support (meaning you can call the help desk if you have problems) for call the help desk if you have problems) for many many software applicationssoftware applications

Microsoft Campus Agreement 3.0Microsoft Campus Agreement 3.0

Allows students to purchase the Allows students to purchase the following software for $45 each:following software for $45 each: Microsoft Windows XP Pro OS Microsoft Windows XP Pro OS

UpgradeUpgrade Microsoft Office XP Professional or Microsoft Office XP Professional or

Office 2003 ProfessionalOffice 2003 Professional Office X or Office 2004 for MacOffice X or Office 2004 for Mac Microsoft Visual Studio.net Pro 2003Microsoft Visual Studio.net Pro 2003 Microsoft FrontPage 2003Microsoft FrontPage 2003

Application Software Available on Application Software Available on Cluster Computers at NDCluster Computers at ND

OIT maintains a OIT maintains a list of application softwarelist of application software available available in the various clusters around in the various clusters around campuscampus

History of Spreadsheet History of Spreadsheet Application Software for PC’sApplication Software for PC’s

A Brief History of SpreadsheetsA Brief History of Spreadsheets VisiCalcVisiCalc (late 1970’s) (late 1970’s)

Harvard B-School student wanted better way to do his Harvard B-School student wanted better way to do his accounting homework (1978)accounting homework (1978)

Wrote a program that became the first spreadsheetWrote a program that became the first spreadsheet Reference card instructions for VisiCalcReference card instructions for VisiCalc

Lotus 1-2-3 (early 1980’s)Lotus 1-2-3 (early 1980’s) Developed by Mitch KaporDeveloped by Mitch Kapor Added integrated charting, plotting and database capabilities Added integrated charting, plotting and database capabilities First spreadsheet application widely used in businessFirst spreadsheet application widely used in business

MS Excel (mid 1980’s)MS Excel (mid 1980’s) Developed first for the 512 K MacDeveloped first for the 512 K Mac Graphical user interface Graphical user interface Dominates spreadsheet application market share todayDominates spreadsheet application market share today

Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel Application SoftwareApplication Software

Software application designed for data Software application designed for data analysisanalysis

Developed by programmers at MicrosoftDeveloped by programmers at Microsoft Compiled and burned onto cd’s (Open in Compiled and burned onto cd’s (Open in

NotePad – binary code is unintelligible)NotePad – binary code is unintelligible) Sold with documentation at storesSold with documentation at stores Often purchased as part of the Microsoft Office Often purchased as part of the Microsoft Office

Suite along with Word, Powerpoint, Access, Suite along with Word, Powerpoint, Access, and FrontPageand FrontPage

Licensed to organizations for a certain number Licensed to organizations for a certain number of usersof users

Microsoft Excel Application Microsoft Excel Application SoftwareSoftware

Excel 2003 requiresExcel 2003 requires 233 Mhz or faster processor233 Mhz or faster processor 128 MB RAM128 MB RAM 150 MB of available hard drive space150 MB of available hard drive space

You install the software from the cd You install the software from the cd included with your purchaseincluded with your purchase

It is stored on your hard drive as It is stored on your hard drive as excel.exeexcel.exe

It is loaded into memory when you It is loaded into memory when you start it up – can see it in task managerstart it up – can see it in task manager

Software SuitesSoftware Suites

Advantages of buying software Advantages of buying software suites like MS Officesuites like MS Office For youFor you

Work seamlessly togetherWork seamlessly together Less expensive than buying separatelyLess expensive than buying separately Consistent interface across applicationsConsistent interface across applications

For MicrosoftFor Microsoft Capture more of your businessCapture more of your business

GroupwareGroupware

Lotus Notes/DominoLotus Notes/Domino Microsoft NetMeetingMicrosoft NetMeeting Designed to assist communication and Designed to assist communication and

collaborationcollaboration Online meeting roomsOnline meeting rooms Central, online document archivesCentral, online document archives Project management toolsProject management tools Video conferencing supportVideo conferencing support

NetMeetingNetMeeting

Enterprise Application SoftwareEnterprise Application Software

Use of Integrated Supply Chain Use of Integrated Supply Chain Management SoftwareManagement Software

Selected Enterprise Resource Selected Enterprise Resource Planning VendorsPlanning Vendors

Proprietary SoftwareProprietary Software

ProprietaryProprietary ProsPros

Get exactly what you needGet exactly what you need Involvement in development gives more control over the Involvement in development gives more control over the

resultsresults More flexibility to make modificationsMore flexibility to make modifications

ConsCons Development effort can take a lot of resources and a long Development effort can take a lot of resources and a long

timetime May stretch in-house IT resources and make maintenance May stretch in-house IT resources and make maintenance

difficultdifficult More risk that features and performance will not be adequateMore risk that features and performance will not be adequate

Off-the-Shelf SoftwareOff-the-Shelf Software

Off-the-ShelfOff-the-Shelf ProsPros

Initial cost lower because development costs spread over a Initial cost lower because development costs spread over a large number of customerslarge number of customers

You can analyze the features and performance of the You can analyze the features and performance of the application to see if it meets your basic needsapplication to see if it meets your basic needs

Application quality high because of testing with customer firmsApplication quality high because of testing with customer firms ConsCons

May contain features that organization doesn’t need and will May contain features that organization doesn’t need and will never usenever use

May not contain needed features resulting in modification May not contain needed features resulting in modification expensesexpenses

May not match current work processes and data standardsMay not match current work processes and data standards

Application Software Application Software AlternativesAlternatives

Application Service ProvidersApplication Service Providers Pay ASP a monthly fee for use of Pay ASP a monthly fee for use of

applications that they host and applications that they host and maintainmaintain

Salesforce.comSalesforce.com pioneering software as a service pioneering software as a service