Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO

Michel Grutter, Josue Arellano, Alejandro Bezanilla, Martina Friedrich, Arne Kruger, Eddy Plaza, Claudia Rivera and

Wolfgang Stremme

Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera – UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México www.atmosfera.unam.mx/espectroscopia

grutter@unam.mx

Second Tempo Science Team Meeting May 21-22, 2014 Hampton, Virginia

Location 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

two main ground stations

2,240 m a.s.l

UNAM

4,000 m a.s.l.

ALTZOMONI

Measurement strategy 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO

FTIR for Solar Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy

MAX-DOAS for Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absortion Spectroscopy

SAIRS DOAS

experiments Location 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO

MAX-DOAS instrument

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

•  Made at UNAM (6 instruments built, 4 installed) •  280 – 450 nm spectrometer (Res=0.6 nm, Ocean Optics USB2000+) •  ± 0.1 ºC temperature controlled (Peltier element + ventilation) •  Scanning unit with stepper motor (-90 to 90 º elev. angle) •  2” concave lens (f=10 cm) telescope •  Linux based program for system control & data aqcuisition

MAX-DOAS sites

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

UNAM FAC

CUT C5

OMI (NASA-Aura)

NO2 Map 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

OMI/Aura data set version 003, level 2, NO2 data product version 1.1.4.4 (Claas, 2012)

clod fraction below 20% 2006 - 2011

NASA’s Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GESDISC)

(http:// disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI)

Tijuana - SD

MCMA

NO2 total column

Nitrogen dioxide DOAS measurements from ground and space: comparison of zenith scattered sunlight ground-based measurements and OMI data in Central Mexico. C. Rivera, W. Stremme and M. Grutter. Atmosfera, 26(3). 2013.

MAX-DOAS network

MCMA 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

408 C.#Rivera#et#al.

3.2.2$Seasonal$variability

2"total"column"distributions"recon1

."The"same"scale"is"used"in"all"three"plots"for"2" columns"were"measured"

during"the"dry"and"cold"season,"followed"by"the"dry"2"columns"

were"found"during"the"raining"season."For"the"dry1cold"

1

Boersma"et$al. 2times"higher"in"winter"than"in"summer"in"Israeli"cities."The"atmospheric"stability"characteristic"of"the"dry"and"cold"season"promotes"a"larger"number"of"molecules"to"be"present"in"the"studied"area,"while"during"the"raining"season,"water"is"mainly"responsible"for"the"removal"of"pollutants"in"the"atmosphere.

2" total"column"distribution"reconstructed"

2" column"enhancements"over"the"cities"of"Toluca"and"Puebla,"whose" contribution" is" somewhat" lost" by" the" large"

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

x 10

16

[mol

ec/c

m2 ]

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2

Cuernavaca

–98.8 –98.4 –98.0

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlanepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuahtitlan

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

a) b)

c)

Tula

Toluca

Cuernavaca

Puebla

Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

Toluca

Toluca

Tula

Tula

Puebla

Puebla

2" total" columns" distribution"over" central"Mexico" reconstructed" from"

"2.

408 C.#Rivera#et#al.

3.2.2$Seasonal$variability

2"total"column"distributions"recon1

."The"same"scale"is"used"in"all"three"plots"for"2" columns"were"measured"

during"the"dry"and"cold"season,"followed"by"the"dry"2"columns"

were"found"during"the"raining"season."For"the"dry1cold"

1

Boersma"et$al. 2times"higher"in"winter"than"in"summer"in"Israeli"cities."The"atmospheric"stability"characteristic"of"the"dry"and"cold"season"promotes"a"larger"number"of"molecules"to"be"present"in"the"studied"area,"while"during"the"raining"season,"water"is"mainly"responsible"for"the"removal"of"pollutants"in"the"atmosphere.

2" total"column"distribution"reconstructed"

2" column"enhancements"over"the"cities"of"Toluca"and"Puebla,"whose" contribution" is" somewhat" lost" by" the" large"

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

x 10

16

[mol

ec/c

m2 ]

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2

Cuernavaca

–98.8 –98.4 –98.0

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlanepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuahtitlan

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

a) b)

c)

Tula

Toluca

Cuernavaca

Puebla

Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

Toluca

Toluca

Tula

Tula

Puebla

Puebla

2" total" columns" distribution"over" central"Mexico" reconstructed" from"

"2.

408 C.#Rivera#et#al.

3.2.2$Seasonal$variability

2"total"column"distributions"recon1

."The"same"scale"is"used"in"all"three"plots"for"2" columns"were"measured"

during"the"dry"and"cold"season,"followed"by"the"dry"2"columns"

were"found"during"the"raining"season."For"the"dry1cold"

1

Boersma"et$al. 2times"higher"in"winter"than"in"summer"in"Israeli"cities."The"atmospheric"stability"characteristic"of"the"dry"and"cold"season"promotes"a"larger"number"of"molecules"to"be"present"in"the"studied"area,"while"during"the"raining"season,"water"is"mainly"responsible"for"the"removal"of"pollutants"in"the"atmosphere.

2" total"column"distribution"reconstructed"

2" column"enhancements"over"the"cities"of"Toluca"and"Puebla,"whose" contribution" is" somewhat" lost" by" the" large"

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0

x 10

16

[mol

ec/c

m2 ]

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2

Cuernavaca

–98.8 –98.4 –98.0

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

20.0

19.6

19.2

18.8

Latit

ude

(ºN

)

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlanepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuahtitlan

Tizayuca

Longitude (ºW)–99.6 –99.2 –98.8 –98.4 –98.0

Iztaccíhuatl5230 m asl

Popocatépetl5410 m asl

Altzomoni

Downtown

Chalco

Cuautla

Iztapalapa

TlalnepantlaNaucalpan

Tlalpan

Cuajimalpa

Ecatepec

Cuautitlán

Tizayuca

a) b)

c)

Tula

Toluca

Cuernavaca

Puebla

Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

Toluca

Toluca

Tula

Tula

Puebla

Puebla

2" total" columns" distribution"over" central"Mexico" reconstructed" from"

"2.

NDJF dry and cold

MAM dry and hot

JJASO wet

Nitrogen dioxide DOAS measurements from ground and space: comparison of zenith scattered sunlight ground-based measurements and OMI data in Central Mexico. C. Rivera, W. Stremme and M. Grutter. Atmosfera, 26(3). 2013.

MCMA 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

MAX-DOAS measurements

Target gas dSCD + ε

O4 dSCD + ε

Radiative Transfer Model VLIDORT

DOAS Technique QDOAS

Aerosol profile

Sim. O4 dSCD

Target gas profiles

Optimal Estimation

MAX-DOAS retrievals

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Radiative Transfer Model VLIDORT

P, T-profiles, σ, β

Sim. target gas dSCD

A priori profiles

Aerosol optical prop (AERONET) known O4 profile

iteration

iteration

A priori profile

Optimal Estimation

NO2 spectral fit

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

NO2 O4

Ring Window' 405'–'465'nm'NO2'@'294K' Vandaele et al., 1998'O3'@221,'241K' Burrows et al., 1999'O4' Hermans et al., 1999'Ring spectrum' 273K'

'

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Preliminary NO2 retrieval

−80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80−1

0

1

2

3

4

5 x 1016

NO2 d

SCD

/ cm−2

0 0.5 1 1.5 210−1

100

101

NO2 VMR / ppb

heig

ht /

km

only westonly eastone retrievala−priori

VCDNO2 = 0.5 × 1016 molec/cm2 AOD : 0.05 DOFs: 1.0

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Preliminary NO2 retrieval

−80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80−2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 x 1016

NO2 d

SCD

/ cm−2

0 2 4 6 8 10 1210−1

100

101

NO2 VMR / ppb

heig

ht /

km

only westonly eastone retrievala−priori

VCDNO2 = 2.0 × 1016 molec/cm2 AOD : 0.12 DOFs: 1.8

HCHO spectral fit

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

HCHO Ring

O3 NO2

OMI (NASA-Aura)

MAX-DOAS 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Tijuana – San Diego 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Tijuana – San Diego Area

Cal-Nex / Cal-Mex May-June 2010 − PQM DOAS − PQM in situ − UTT

9 stations 1993 – 2010

Tijuana – San Diego 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Tijuana – San Diego Area

towards east-northeast towards east-southeast

towards west towards north-northeast

41% 45%

4% 10%

OMNO2 Level 2 2006 – 2011 Cloud fraction < 20%

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

High Altitude site “Altzomoni”

Solar absorption FTIR (HR120/5) MAX-DOAS (NO2, SO2, HCHO, ...) DS-DOAS, 2D-DOAS Thermal emission FTIR (2D) Ceilometer (commercial LIDAR) GPS (precipitable water column)

Meteorology (WS, WD, T, P, RH, Rain) Reactive Gases (O3, CO, NOx, SO2)

GHG* (CO2, CH4, H2O) PM, Black Carbon*

Wet/Dry deposition (Chem/Isotope) * not yet installed

Remote Sensing In Situ

3,985 m a.s.l.

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

O3 (Altzomoni)

Retrieval: PROFFIT (KIT)

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

O3 (Altzomoni)

3.7 DOFs in the retrieval justifies the separation of two partial columns

VMR[ppm]

0 2 4 6 8

Alti

tude

[km

]

20

40

60

regparmsresultnoise error

Retrieval: PROFFIT (KIT)

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

O3 TC annual cycle Strat vs Trop.

Retrieval: PROFFIT (KIT)

Biomass Burning

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

O3 (Altzomoni)

Stratospheric intrusion in the Winter 2012-2013 Retrieval: PROFFIT (KIT)

Potential temperature

UNAM station 2nd TEMPO Science Team Meeting Mexican activities with regard to TEMPO UNAM Team

Summary

•  Mexico can participate in the validation efforts of TEMPO

•  Ground-based MAX-DOAS network in and around Mexico City •  Solar absorption FTIR at 2 sites: O3, HCHO and other gases

•  Collaborations, intercomparisons, visits, etc. are welcome!!

Thank you Michel Grutter de la Mora

grutter@unam.mx

Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera – UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México www.atmosfera.unam.mx/espectroscopia