metokote 2-22-11

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

1/99

22 February 2011

Advanced Materials and Coatings

John TexterSchool of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University,

Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

2/99

22 February 2011

Antimicrobial Anionic Surfactants andVectors for Delivering Silver Ion

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

3/99

22 February 2011

Silver as an Antimicrobial Agent

Serendipity

Plate Tests

Membrane Poration Hypothesis

MICs

Foley Catheter PU Doping

Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology

Proposed Applications

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

4/99

22 February 2011

Use of Reverse-Micelle Forming Anionic Surfactants as

Vectors for Ag+ Delivery into Hydrophobic Coatings

AOT or S1

Na+ easily ionexchanged with

Ag+

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

5/99

22 February 2011

Application of E. coli to AgAOT (AgS1) containing

polyurethane coatings

amolAg/cm

% weight Ag inCoating

CFU/ml ofE. coliat 12 h CFU/ml of E. coliat 24 h

0 0 5.8 x 105 , 2.9 x 105, 4.1 x 105 6.8 x 106 , 3.4 x 105, 1.2 x 105

0.00310 0.0012 6.5 x 104 , 4.2 x 104, 1.21 x 105 1.1 x 105, 1.0 x 10, 3.0 x 10

0.00737 0.0031 1.4 x 105, 1.3 x 105, 5.8 x 104 1.5 x 10, 0, 3.0 x 10

0.00131 0.0061 5.0 x 10, 1.1 x 104, 3.0 x 104 0, 1.7 x 104, 0

0.00250 0.012 5.5 x 104, 9.5 x 10, 3.5 x 104 0, 0, 0

0.00597 0.031 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

0.0122 0.061 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

0.0261 0.122 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

6/99

22 February 2011

Application of P. aeruginosa to AgAOT (AgS1)

containing polyurethane coatings

amolAg/cm

% weight Agin Coating

CFU/ml ofP. aeruginosa at 12 h CFU/ml of P. aeruginosa at 24 h

0 0 5.5 x 104, 3.3 x 105, 1.0 x 105 5.0 x 104 , 3.2 x 105, 2.2 x 105

0.00310 0.0012 3.0 x 104, 9.5 x 105 , 2.6 x 104 0, 0, 0

0.00737 0.0031 1.1 x 104, 1.2 x 105, 3.3 x 104 0, 0, 7.5 x 10

0.00131 0.0061 4.8 x 10, 2.5 x 10, 6.3 x 10 0, 0, 0

0.00250 0.012 1.5 x 10, 1.5 x 10, 3.8 x 10 6.3 x 10, 0, 5.0 x 10

0.00597 0.031 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

0.0122 0.061 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

0.0261 0.122 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

7/9922 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests


MICsFoley Catheter PU Doping

Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11


SerendipityContact (h) CFU/ml

B. subtilis S. aureus

0 3.6x104 2.0x105

12 0 0

24 0 0

0 1.6x104 5.1x105

12 0 0

24 0 0

Initial tests of polyurethane coatings on glass slides showed that

sodium surfactant controls, comprising S1 (AOT) at 30% byweight, killed all of the B. subtilis and S. aureus after 12 and 24 h

exposure.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11


SerendipityBroth Test (TSB)

An initial broth test with (AOT) S1 showed that growth of the

bacteria was inhibited in the broth containing S1, but growth

was sustained in the broth free of S1.

This broth test was then repeated at S1 levels of 1%, 0.5%,0.25%, 0.12%, and 0.063% with B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli,

and P. aerugenosa. After incubation the broths were plated

onto TSA plates and again incubated. No effect on E. coli and

P. aerugenosa, but all the B. subtilis was killed at everydilution, and only a very few colonies were observed for S.

aureus at the two lowest dilution levels.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

10/9922 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

11/9922 February 2011

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 Pos

Bacillus subtilis ATCC33 Pos

Escherichia coli ATCC11229 Neg

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC15442 Neg

Klebsiella pneumoniae EM22/ATCC13883 NegEnterobacteria aerogenes EM25 Neg

Escherichia coli EM55 Neg

Salmonella typhimurium EM56/AA2202 Neg

Serratia marcescens EM6 Neg

Streptococcus viridans EM8 Pos

Escherichia coli EM2 Neg

Staphylococcus aureus EM24/ATCC25923 Pos

Streptococcus bovis EM12 Pos

Enterococcus fecalis EM19 Pos

Enterococcus fecalis EM19 Pos

Staphylococcus epidermidis EM3/ATCC12228 Pos

TSB Only

Streptococcus pyogenes EM14 Pos

Streptococcus agalactiae EM13 Pos

Candida tropicalis EM23 Yeast

Bacillus subtilis EM27 Pos

Micrococcus luteus EM17 Pos

Salmonella typhimurium EM57 Neg

Salmonella typhimurium EM38 Neg

Panel of 23

Bacteria and

Yeast StrainsInvestigated

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

12/9922 February 2011

Anionic Surfactants Evaluated

S2

S1

S3S4

S5

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

13/9922 February 2011

Plate Tests With Surfactants

S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5

All Anionic

No Effect on Gram Negative Species!

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

14/9922 February 2011

Plate Tests

1010 organisms spotted onto each plate; growthassessed after 18-24 h; P ~ intermediate result

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

15/9922 February 2011

Plate Tests

1010 organisms spotted onto each plate; growthassessed after 18-24 h; P ~ intermediate result

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

16/9922 February 2011

Plate TestsNo Gram-negative activity.

S1 & S2 active against all Gram-positives tested.

All Ss active against S. bovis.

Relative activity

S1 ~ S2 > S3 > S4 ~ S5

Hydrophobicity (clogP)

S1(2.5) > S2(1.3) > S3(0.7) ~ S4(0.7) > S5(0)

Activity probably stems from tendency to partition into membrane

and disrupt membrane function.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

17/9922 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests


MICs


Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

18/9922 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

19/9922 February 2011


Glycerol monooleate vesicles are porated by equilibrium adsorption ofsurfactant (C16 TAC). These cryo-TEMs represent CTAC/GMO ratios of 1,

1.7, 2.3 (left, right, lower); the scale bar is 100 nm.(M Kadi, P Hansson, M Almgren. J Phys Chem B (2004) 108:7344-7351; Determination of isotherms for

binding of surfactants to vesicles using a surfactant-selective electrode.)

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

20/9922 February 2011


Oil soluble surfactants will preferentially partition into themembrane bilayer to form reverse micelles, thereby forming defacto pores. A structural model of a reverse AOT micelle depicts

such a hypothetical structure. The reverse micelle was producedby Abel et al.2 in an extensive modeling study.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

21/9922 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

22/99

22 February 2011

MIC for S1Optical Density vs. Log AOT Concentration

.

0

0

0

0

.

0000000

.0 000000.0 000000

.0 00000.

0 0000

.

0 0000.

0 000.

0 000.0 000

.

0

0

0

.

0 00.

0 00

- .0050

.005

.01

.015

.02

.025

.03

.035

.04

.045

.05

.055

.06

.065

.00.0001.001.011

OpticalDe

nsity(ODU)

% AOT(S1)by wt

Absorbance S. aureus(CFU/mL)

0.45 0.376 0

0.23 0.218 0

0.11 0.103 0

0.057 0.034 0

0.028 0.031 0

0.014 0.012 00.0071 0.017 150, 200

0.0039 0.552 Confluent Growth







0 0.573 Confluent Growth

Blank (TSB) 0 0

MIC = 0.01% S1

MIC = 100 g S1/mL

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

23/99

22 February 2011

MIC for Ampicillin

MIC = 1 g/mL

MIC = 32 g/mL

Optical Density vs. Log Ampicillin Concentration

.

0.0313

0.06125

0.125

0.25

0.5

12

4816

32

64

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.1110100

OpticalD

ensity(ODU)

AMP(g/mL)

Absorbance S. aureus(CFU/mL)

64 0.008 032 -0.001 0

16 -0.006 10,10

8 -0.004 30,18

4 0.006 10,12

2 0.012 2,2

1 -0.01 3,10

0.5 0.016 CG

0.25 0.257 CG

0.125 0.34 CG

0.06125 0.402 CG

0.0313 0.482 CG

0.0157 0.514 CG

0 0.542 CG

Blank (TSB +AMP)

0 0

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

24/99

22 February 2011

MICs

S1 appears 1/3 as effective

as Ampicillin!

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

25/99

22 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

26/99

22 February 2011

Application to PU for CathetersTDI/PPG PU doped with AgAOT and contacted with

E. coli for 24 hours.Doping CFU/mL at 24 hours of E. coli

1st 2nd

3% AOT 2.3x106 2.7x106

1% AOT 8.5x105 5.0x105

0% AgAOT/AOT 2.6x106 1.90x106

0.01% AgAOT 3.7x106 2.0x106

0.03% AgAOT 2.5x106 2.4x106

0.1% AgAOT 1.7x105

1.9x105

0.3%AgAOT 0 0

1% AgAOT 0 0

3% AgAOT 0 0

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

27/99

22 February 2011

Application to PU for CathetersTDI/PPG PU doped with AgAOT and contacted with

S. aureus for 24 hours.Doping CFU/mL at 24 hours of S. aureus

1st 2nd

3% AOT 0 0

1% AOT 0 0

0% AgAOT/AOT 1.0x105 1.0x105

0.01% AgAOT 9.0x104 1.0x105

0.03% AgAOT 1.2x105 1.0x105

0.1% AgAOT 1.4x105

1.2x105

0.3%AgAOT 0 0

1% AgAOT 0 0

3% AgAOT 0 0

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

28/99

22 February 2011

Such reverse micelle formingsurfactants make adding silver ion

to PU coating and bulkformulations a simple drop in

reformulation.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

29/99

22 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

30/99

22 February 2011

A series of commercially available fabrics were

obtained as substrates upon which to test AgAOTand AOT.

The commercially available fabrics are cotton, jute,

linen, silk, polyester, acetate, rayon, and nylon.

AgAOT or AOT solution was sprayed on arectangular area of fabric in a spray booth, dried,

weighed to check deposition, and then sterilized inan autoclave. The swatches were then cut up intosmaller pieces for repeat testing.

Application to Fabrics

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

31/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

32/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

33/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

34/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

35/99

22 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

36/99

22 February 2011

A series of commercially available indoor householdmaterials were obtained as substrates upon which totest AgAOT and AOT.

These materials are window treatment/shade,polyacrylate sheet, polycarbonate sheet, aluminum

sheet, ceramic tile, metal plate (light switch boxcover), wall paper, and vinyl tile. Samples were cut

into 2cm x 5cm coupons for testing and weresterilized after coating with AgAOT or AOT byspraying.

Application to Household Surfaces

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

37/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

38/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

39/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

40/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

41/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

42/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

43/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

44/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

45/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

46/99

22 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests



Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

47/99

22 February 2011

Toxicology

In ophthalmological formulations, concentrationsgreater than 0.1% may cause conjunctival irritation;repeated use my delay healing of corneal lesions.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

48/99

22 February 2011

Toxicology

Toxic dose in humans is unknown.S1 (AOT) used extensively in mineral oil laxative

formulations and as a stool softener.

Toxicity following acute ingestion of excessive

amounts of laxatives is generally minimal andlimited to the gastrointestinal tract.

Hypothesis: Beneficent Gram positive flora killed oningestion may lead to intestinal distress.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

49/99

22 February 2011

Toxicology

As a laxative and a stool softener -

In existing formulations/preparations, S1 is suppliedas 50, 60, and 100 mg capsules and tablets, as 250

& 300 mg capsules, in solution for oraladministration at 10 and 50 mg/mL and as syrup at

4 mg/mL.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

50/99

22 February 2011

Toxicology

In animals large doses of S1 produce anorexia,vomiting, and diarrhea.

Even in chronic feeding tests, fatally poisonedanimals show only diarrhea and intestinal bloating,

with no gross lesions outside of gastrointestinaltract.

Docusate salts (S1) can occasionally causediarrhea.

Morphological damage to the intestines has beenobserved in rats.

May be hepatotoxic (liver).

Sil A ti i bi l A t

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

51/99

22 February 2011


Serendipity

Plate Tests


MICs


Fabrics

Household Surfaces

Toxicology


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

52/99

22 February 2011


Develop prophylactic spray for surgeons to usebefore closing.

Develop spray treatments for hospital, school, andpublic building treatments.

Develop spray for topical burn treatment.

Develop cleanser for acne treatment.

Develop household prophylactic spray.

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

53/99

22 February 2011

Summary

Family of anionic surfactants appear lethal toGram-positive bacteria and to some other

microbes.

MICs competitive with known antibiotic.

Preliminary fabric spray tests look promising.Many new cleaning and prophylactic product

applications to consider.

Adding our surfactant technology to existing

cleansers produces a prophylactic long-actingproduct.

Now is the time to capitalize on MRSA hysteria!

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

54/99

22 February 2011

Carbon Nanotube Membranes and

Coatings

Reactive Ionic Liquid Surfactants

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

55/99

22 February 2011

Reactive Ionic Liquid Surfactants

Such reactive monomers found to produceinteresting new copolymers:

Ultrastable nanolatexes

Reversibly porating membranes

Ionic liquid polyelectrolytes

Di-stimuli responsive diblocks

Mi M t i l F P l i d

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

56/99

22 February 2011

Microporous Materials From Polymerized

Microemulsion Gels

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

57/99

22 February 2011

Latexes 20-28 nm diameter produced by

microemulsion polymerization

Nanolatex Primers

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

58/99

22 February 2011

Comparison with commercially available

latexes.

These nanolatexes form robust films.

Nanolatex Primers

Latex typeYoung's

Modulus (MPa)

ParticleSize

(nm)

Monomers

Nanolatex 50.5 1.8 25 IL-Br/MMACommercialLatex 1

1.41 0.03 297 Vinyl/AcrylicCommercial

Latex 2 4.0 1.8 322 Vinyl/AcrylicCommercial

Latex 3 2.0 0.6 256 Vinyl/AcrylicCommercial

Latex 4 1.40.2 237

Styrene, Butyl

Acrylate/Acrylonitrile

CommercialLatex 5

140 16 990Styrene, Butyl

Acrylate/StyrenatedPolymer/Polyalkylene Glycol

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

59/99

22 February 2011

Nanolatexes Are Good Film Formers

Transparent Latex Films Treated with Aqueous KPF6

N l t P i

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

60/99

22 February 2011

Pores can be generated in latex films by soaking inaqueous KPF6.

Nanolatex Primers

N l t P i

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

61/99

22 February 2011

Topcoat cross-cut adhesion/thickness ( m)

results for nanolatex-based pigmented primer

Nanolatex Primers

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

62/99

22 February 2011

Nanolatexes ultrastable

Nanolatex films 10x-35x tougher thancommercial latex films

Excellent adhesion on aluminum, plastic and

wood

Summary

N l t Di i f SWCNT

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

63/99

22 February 2011

Equivalent optical density (average absorbance

over 600-400 nm)

Nanolatex Dispersions of SWCNT

16,000 OD/wtfraction

L t S P i

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

64/99

22 February 2011

Equivalent optical density (average absorbance

over 600-400 nm)

Latex SuperPrimers

P d E f li ti M h i

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

65/99

22 February 2011

Proposed Exfoliation Mechanism

MWCNT Unwinding by Nanolatex

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

66/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT Unwinding by Nanolatex

Stabiization

MWCNT Electrical Conductivity(Through

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

67/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT Electrical Conductivity(Through

Plane)

MWCNT Thermal Diffusivity

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

68/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT Thermal Diffusivity(Through Plane)

1.1 mm2/s(in plane)

SWCNT

MWCNT Dispersions

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

69/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT Dispersions

How Concentrated?

wt% OD/wt fraction0.476 55,210

1 56,500

2 57,1153 60,3334 59,205

MWCNT Dispersions

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

70/99

22 February 2011

p

How much needed for complete

exfoliation?

MWCNT Di i

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

71/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT DispersionsHow much needed for complete exfoliation?

0.5-4% MWCNT Critical amount of nanolatex variesfrom 0.23 to 0.31 weight fraction of MWCNT

MWCNT Dispersions

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

72/99

22 February 2011

MWCNT Dispersions

Latex film dried and pyrolyzed @ 800C

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

73/99

22 February 2011

Saturation Adsorption of Nanolatex on MWCNT

Templated Coatings

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

74/99

22 February 2011

Templated Coatings

Templated Coatings

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

75/99

22 February 2011

Templated Coatings

Carbon Fiber Paper

3 mg MWCNT/cm2

|| ~ 1,600-2,000 mm2/s

~ 0.7-1.0 mm2/s

|| ~ 46 mm2/s

~ 5 mm2/s

|| ~ 4,600 mm2/s aligned CNT array

Xie, Cai, & Wang, Phys Lett A 369 (2007) 120-123

Templated Coatings

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

76/99

22 February 2011

Templated Coatings

Graphite, pyrolytic graphite, Agfoil, and carbon fiber paper

controls; linear regression lineextrapolates 900%

One of our experimentalcoatings of Baytubes (3mg/cm2) out of aqueous

dispersion

Templated Coatings

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

77/99

22 February 2011

Templated Coatings

k~ 0.84-1.05kW/m/K

|| ~ 1,600-2,000mm2/s

Cp~ 0.75 J/g/K

~ 0.7 g/cm3+

Biomass Hydrothermal Carbon

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

78/99

22 February 2011

Biomass Hydrothermal Carbon

Dispersions Antonietti/Titrici (MPIKG)

N l t Di i f WC

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

79/99

22 February 2011

Nanolatex Dispersion of WC

N l t Di i f WC

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

80/99

22 February 2011


N l t Di i f WC

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

81/99

22 February 2011


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

82/99

22 February 2011

Solvent-Free Nanofluids and Resins

Summary

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

83/99

22 February 2011

Imidazolium-based nanolatexes efficiently disperse CNTsin water, particularly MWCNT (up to 17% w/w).

As is dispersions suitable for printing conductors.

Simple coating produces MWCNT membranes suitable forelectrodes and membranes for various applications.

The use of nano-WC/nanolatexes for stabilizing MWCNTshould produce a practical fuel cell electrode for the ORR.

New and effective heat transfer elements suitable forflexible electronics should derive from the presently

illustrated examples.

Solvent-Free Nanoparticle Nanofluids

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

84/99

22 February 2011

Solvent-Free Nanoparticle Nanofluids

A.B. Bourlinos, R. Herrara, N. Chalkia, D.D. Jiang, Q.Zhang, L.A. Archer, E.P. Giannelis,Adv. Mater. 2005, 17,234-237; DOI: 10/1002/adma.200401060

A =R(OCH2CH2)7O(CH2)3SO3

R = C13 -C15 alkyl

N+ = (O)3-x (CH3O)xSi(CH2)3N+(CH3)(C10 H21 )2

Basic Nanofluid from 7 nm Silica

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

85/99

22 February 2011

Basic Nanofluid from 7 nm Silica

SiO2 (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3N(CH3)(C10H21)2Cl SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+

Cl-

Cl

-

Cl-

Cl-

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+

A-A-

A-

A-

KO3S O

C9H19

-20 -O3S O

C9H19

-20

A=

Amino Sulfonate

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

86/99

22 February 2011

Amino Sulfonate

SiO2 (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3N(CH3)(C10H21)2Cl (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3NH2

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+Cl

NH2H2N

+ +

S OOO

O

C9H19

K-20

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+

NH2H2NS O

OO

O

C9H19

-20

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+Cl

NH2H2N +

C F N fl id

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

87/99

22 February 2011

Core-Free Nanofluid

C F N fl id

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

88/99

22 February 2011

Core-Free Nanofluid

Isothiocyanate Sulfonate

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

89/99

22 February 2011

Isothiocyanate Sulfonate

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+

A-A-

A-

A-

NH2

NH2

CSCl2 SiO2

N+

N

+

N+

N+

A-A-

A-

A-

NCS

NCS

A- =-O3S O

C9H19

-20

Air Curing PU Clearcoats

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

90/99

22 February 2011

+

~ 1 di-NCO/NCS

44% rh; 24C

~ 20% MEK

CH3

CH3

CH2

NCO

NHCOO O6

CH3

CH2

CH

CH3

OOCHN CH2

NCO

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH



8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

91/99

22 February 2011

Cured at 50% rh and 25C.



8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

92/99

22 February 2011

TDI/nanofluid Physical State

0- 0.3 Powdery to Hard and Opaque0.4 0.81 Hard and Clear

0.82 0.95 Tacky and Clear

0.80.50.40.30 0.1



8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

93/99

22 February 2011


Solvent Free Acrylate UV Clearcoats

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

94/99

22 February 2011

SiO2

N+

N+

N+

N+

O

O

O

O

A- =-O2 S O

C2 H2 2

-2 2

+

Acrylate,SR494 at weight ratios of 50:50 (a50), 60:40 (a60), 80:20 (a80),and 0:100 (SR)

A photoinitiator, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, was used at 1%(by weight of total reagents)

SR494

Solvent-Free Acrylate UV Clearcoats


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

95/99

22 February 2011

Modulus

NaModulus vs Disp

4

4.5

5

a50 a

0.2

0.25

Hardness

Each property decreases with increasingnanofluid


increasingnanofluid


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

96/99

22 February 2011

Storage modului by nanoindentation of SR494-SiO2-acrylate resins as a function of

nanofluid content at various penetration depths; (left) after curing for several weeks;(right) after curing for 10 months.



8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

97/99

22 February 2011


Storage modulus by nanoindentation of SR494-SiO2

nanocomposite resins as a function of silica content atvarious penetration depths.

Summary

8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

98/99

22 February 2011

New approach to non-chipping clearcoats

Reactive nanofluids for new resin classesNew cross-linking materials

Composites become more flexible rather than

brittle

y


8/6/2019 MetoKote 2-22-11

99/99

John TexterSchool of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University,

Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA


metokote 2-22-11

Documents