METHODS OF METHODS OF TEACHINGTEACHING

Dr. Nicolas T. CapulongDr. Nicolas T. Capulong

Assistant Schools Division SuperintendentAssistant Schools Division Superintendent

I. Definition of TermsI. Definition of Terms

A. DEVICE – is a “little method”, it is teaching aid or a toll facilitate instruction. Example: Pictures, Flash cards. Etc. (Lardizabal)

B. METHODS – the teacher’s procedure; an approach to instruction that has been systematically described and that can be applicable to a number of subject areas & teachers. (Webster Dictionary)

C. TECHNIQUE – refers to the art or skill of performance. (Lardizabal)

D. STRATEGIES – a planned means to achieve change; way of giving access. (Dictionary of Education)

II. MethodologyII. Methodology

A. Importance– A key to success in teaching – It guides learning

B. Methods of Teaching & Methods of Learning

– Teaching and Learning are just two sides of the same coin

– Methods facilitate learning; there are different ways of learning, hence, there should be different methods of teaching.

– Methods bridge the gap between the child and subject matter.

C. Factors that Determine Methods1. The educational objective and the aim of

the lesson.2. Nature of the subject matter or the lesson 3. The nature of the learners4. School equipment and facilities5. The teacher

D. Characteristics of a Good Methods

– There is no single best method1. It makes use of the principles of learning and

permits the operation of these principles.2. It utilizes the principles of “learning of doing’.3. It provides for individual differences.4. It stimulates thinking and reasoning.5. It provides for growth and development.

III. Types of LessonsIII. Types of LessonsA. Development Lesson

– Is one is which something new is presented or developed.B. Review Lesson

– It aims to renew study of the same subject matter or to recall what has been taken up in the past and view this again from a different perspective or point of view.

C. Drill Lesson– It is for automatization of certain facts, habits, or skills.– It aims to fix associations for permanency or to perfect a skill; for

mastery.D. Application Lesson

– It gives the child a chance to express or supply what he has learned.

E. Supervised Study– It aims to teach children how to study a given subject in the use

and mastery of the best techniques of efficient study.F. Appreciation Lesson

– It is designed to lead the class to understand and enjoy something.

IV. Time – Tested IV. Time – Tested MethodsMethodsA. Inductive Method

– A discovering methodSteps

• Preparation• Presentation• Comparison and abstraction• Generalization• Application

B. Deductive Method – From a generalization to specificsSteps

• Statement of the problem • Generalization• Inference• verification

C. Type – Study Method – An inductive procedure that examines one case only.

Steps• Selection of the topic• Appreciation and motivation• Statement of typical case/model• Study of details • Comparison of details with the model • Generalization

D. The Problem Method – It is the purposeful activity that will remove a

difficulty or perplexity through a process of reasoning.

Steps• Recognition and statements of the problem • Statement of hypothesis• Critical evaluation of suggested solution• Verification of accepted solution

E. Project Method– It is a significant, practical unit of activity of a

problematic nature planned and carried to completion by the student in a natural manner and involving the use of physical materials to complete the unit of experience.

Steps• Purposing • Planning• Exercising• Evaluating

F. Laboratory – A teaching procedure dealing with firsthand

experiences regarding materials or facts obtained from investigating or experimentation.

Steps• Introductory step• Work period• Culminating activities

G. Demonstration or Showing Method– A teacher does the experiment before the class

Steps (same as laboratory)H. Morrizon Technique

– Often uses in the teaching of geography, history, government, economics

Steps• Explanation• Presentation• Assimilation• Organization• Recitation

I. Lecture Method– It is more of exposition

Steps• Preparation• Presentation• Comparison• Generalization• application

J. Discussion Procedure– Panel forum– Symposium– Debate– Round tables conference

K. Special Techniques– Role playing

Steps• Identify the problems• Establish the situation in which the action is to occur• Establishing roles and participants• Presenting the act• Playing the situation• Analyzing and evaluating the presentation

• CASE STUDY• Presents specific situations on problems

to stimulate discussion.• BUZZ SESSION

• It involves group opinion, evaluation, planning or interaction.

• WORKSHOP• It involves the use of the group process

in activating • SEMINAR

• Is held for the purpose of solving or attempting to solve a problem.

V. Improved Instructional V. Improved Instructional PracticesPractices• Integrative• Discovery• Process• Mastery learning• Team teaching