METHODS OF MOVEMENTS ANALYSIS

BANEET SHARMA

INDEX

MOVEMENT ANALYSIS It is a detailed analysis of movement by

observation or with the help of advanced technology.

TIME TO REVISE BASICS……

WHAT ALL MOVEMENTS OCCURS IN OUR BODY?

IN WHICH PLANES AND AXES THIS MOVEMENTS OCCURS?

THREE PLANES AND THREE AXES

Plane Axis Movements

Sagittal Frontal axis Flexion and extension

Frontal Sagittal axis Abduction and adduction

Transverse Vertical axis Medial and lateral rotation

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS?

‘The study and analysis of human movement patterns in sport’.

WHO IS ANALYSISNG THIS MOVEMENTS?

Sports biomechanists

WE STUDY AND ANALYZE HUMAN MOVEMENT PATTERNS IN SPORT BUT WHY DO WE DO IT?

To help people perform their chosen sporting activity better. • To help reduce the risk of injury.• To educate new generations of sports biomechanists, coaches and teachers.

WHO USES THIS?

Teachers, coaches, athletes, physiotherapists, gait analysts, and judges of ‘artistic’sports, such as ice dance and gymnastics.• ‘Performance analysts’ working with athletes.• Movement coordination researchers

METHODS OF MOVEMENTS ANALYSIS

TWO TYPES

QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS It is a systematic observation and

introspective judgment of the quality of human movement for the purpose of providing the most appropriate intervention to improve performance .

(knudson and Morrison. 1996:17)

OBSERVATION Defined as the process of gathering,

organizing and giving meaning to sensory information about human motor performance.

INTERVENTION Administration of feedback,

corrections , or other change in environment to improve performance .

PERFORMANCE

The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy completeness.

Effectiveness of a person’s movement in achieving a goal.

Qualitative analysis of human movement Duane V. Kundson and Morrison ; 2nd edition

PREPARATION Knowledge of the activity identify critical features goal of the movements

OBSERVATION Gather information from all the senses about a

movement with a systematic observational

strategy.Implement observational

strategy situation

EVALUATION/DIAGNOSISRange of correctness,

strength , weaknesses to select the most

appropriate intervention to improve performance

INTERVENTION feedback, guidance,

modification ,breakdown of complex task in to

simple

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Requires kinematic information (linear

position, velocity, acceleration of body segments) to be obtained from video.

Followed by intervention.

COMPONENTS OF MOVEMENT ANALYSIS planes and axis Technique Video analysis

There are various angles are use to check various injuries.

In Frontal plane ,We can check contra lateral pelvic drop(CPD)

Peak hip adduction angle (HADD)Knee abduction angle (KAbd) Lateral

TECHNIQUES 2D Analysis 3D Analysis

DIFFERENCE :2D Analysis 3D AnalysisWhen analyzing movements that especially occur in a single plane , 2D analysis is used .

If motion occurs in more than one plane, 3D technique is used.

Can be achieved by using a single camera.

More than one cameras are required

Cost effective Very expensive

No need of Special setup . Special setup is required .Easy & time saving method. Time consuming

VIDEO ANALYSIS Video analysis is a technology that

assists the coach in observing an athlete’s technique and providing feedback.

USE OF VIDEO ANALYSIS IN SPORTS ?

Video analysis

Athletes

Improve technique analysis

Improve feedback

Increase motivation

Coaches

Improve technique analysis

Improve communicati

onIncrease efficiency

COMPONENTS OF VIDEO ANALYSIS Initial set up Video system Camera type Camera settings Video recording procedure Digitization Scaling and reconstruction

VIDEO SYSTEM Most common standards used are NTSC

and PAL.

CAMERA SPECIFICATIONS High speed video cameras are used. Pixels

SHUTTER SPEED Shutter speed controls time image

sensor is exposed to light. Shutter: for slow movements 1/250th of

second are used Rapid movements 1/1000th of sec e.g.

motion of golf club around ball strike Focus mode, manual or automatic

VIDEO RECORDING PROCEDURES 2D OR 3D

DURING 2D ANALYSISErrors : know perspective error Error in length.Error in angle .

ERROR IN LENGTH Object behind POM appear smaller. Object in front POM appear larger. So it can be reduced by increasing

camera distance from POM. ALWAYS LOCATE CAMERA AS FAR FROM

POM AS POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THIS ERRON.

ERROR IN ANGLES Movement parallel to POM does not

affects measured angles. Perspective error results in angles

between segments becoming more obtuse when they are moving out of the plane

CALIBRATION OF PLANE OF MOTION Plumb line Bubble level Optical axis needs to be oriented at 90

to the intended plane of motion Can be achieve by placing a bubble

level on the top of the camera position both parallel and perpendicular to its optical axis.

The height of the center of the lens can be measured and a marker placed in the plane of motion at the same height .

A 3-4-5 triangle can be used to ensure that the optical axis is aligned at 90 to the plane of motion in the horizontal plane.

A plumb line should be used to ensure that the apex of the triangle , or a line extending from this point, is positioned directed directly below the center of the lens.

SPECIFICATIONS In condition of poor lighting action should

be illuminated with extra lights positioned at approximately 30 deg to the plane of performance.

Individual should wear minimal and tight fitting clothing.

Joint center can be marked on the skin. Either directly with a soluble pen or using

stickers.

IN 3D ANALYSIS Two or more cameras should be used to

film the activity. Ideally their optical axes should

intersect at approximately 90 deg but this angle can range between 60 to 120 degree.

DIGITIZING It is a process of placing an imaginary

grid over the video field or image with the number of coordinates as pixels.

The no of x and y coordinates that form the digitizing grid is known as the resolution of the digitizing system .

SCALING AND RECONSTRUCTION

Digitized coordinates need to be converted into real life horizontal and vertical positions of body landmarks referred to as scaling

ProgramCountry Computer

platformDartfish TM Swiss PCDV Coach TM US PCV1TM US PCNeat TM US PCQuintic TM US PCSilicon Coach TM US PCSports Coach TM US PCSwinger TM Australian PCSportsCode TM Astralian apple

Current technique-analysis software programs available

REFERENCES P.Grishaw & A.Burden Roger_Bartlett_Introduction_to_Sports_

Biomechani.