methodologies of environmental impact assessment
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Methodologies of Environmental Impact Assessment
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Methodologies ofEnvironmental ImpactAssessment
A Presentation on
Presented To:
Mrs. Tuhina Sinha
(Faculty, URP)
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
School of Planning and Architecture,
Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture & Fine Arts University,
Hyderabad.
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Introduction
• Environmental impact is any alteration of
environmental conditions or a creation of new
set of environmental conditions, causes or
induced, by the action or set of actions underconsideration.
• There was separate battles to prevent the
construction of dams and preserve park and
wilderness areas.
• Due to rapid population growth and consequent
concentration in large urban centers people
were hit by a whole lot of different things
Source: Reading Material on EIA
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• An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible
impact — positive or negative — that a proposed project may have on the
environment; considering natural, social and economic aspects.
Definition:
“The process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the
biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to
major decisions being taken and commitments made."
• After an EIA, the precautionary and polluter pays principles may be applied toprevent, limit, or require strict liability or insurance coverage to a project, based
on its likely harms.
Introduction
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment
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Methodologies
Checklist Method:
• Checklists are standard lists of the types of impacts associated with a particular
type of project.
• There are four general types of checklists:
• Simple Checklist : a list of environmental parameters with no guidelines on
how they are to be measured and interpreted.
•
Descriptive Checklist : includes an identification of environmentalparameters and guidelines on how to measure data on particular parameters.
Source:http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Environment_Impact/chap3.pdf
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• Scaling Checklist: similar to a descriptive checklist, but with additional
information on subjective scaling of the parameters.
• Scaling Weighting Checklist: similar to a scaling checklist, with additional
information for the subjective evaluation of each parameter with respect to all
the other parameters.
Methodologies
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Checklist Method
Environmental
Area
NoEffect PositiveEffect NegativeEffect Direct Indirect ShortTerm LongTerm
Wild Life X X
Air
Pollution X X
Water
Pollution X X
Noise
X X
Eco value
X X X
PublicHealth X
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The Leopold Matrix :
• The Leopold matrix, was developed by Dr. Luna Leopold and others of the United
States Geological Survey .
• Matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any
type of construction project.
• The Leopold system is an open-cell matrix containing 100 project actions along
the horizontal axis and 88 environmental 'characteristics' and 'conditions' along
the vertical axis.
• The 'characteristics' and 'conditions' in the table are a combination of
environmental effects and impacts.
Methodologies
Source: http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope5/chapter04.html
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Methodologies
Source: http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope5/chapter04.html
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Merits:
• Open cell design to handle a wide range of projects by adding or deleting the
items.
• Comprehensive but based in form of physical, biological, socio-economic
aspects of environment.
• Good in communication.
Demerits :
• Complex to interpret.
• Problem of double counting.
Methodologies
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Network Method:
• Network diagrams may be used to illustrate linkages of higher order effects in
the system.
reduction in
soil stabilityreduction of
organic inputs reduction in
fertility state
Deforestration
increase in surface area
Methodologies
Increase in
soil erosion
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Overlay method:
• The overlay approach to impact assessment was first suggested by Dr. Ian McHarg.
• The study area is sub-divided into convenient geographical units.
• Within each unit, the assessor collects information on environmental factors and
human concerns
• The development of GIS can make this technique particularly stable.
• The overlay approach can accommodate both qualitative and quantitative data
• By a series of overlays, the land-use suitability, action compatibility, and
engineering feasibility are evaluated visually, in order that the best combination
may be identified.
Methodologies
Source:http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope5/chapter04.html#f4.3ab
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Methodologies
Source:http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope5/chapter04.html#f4.3ab
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Case Study: Bodhghat project
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Bodhghat Project
• The Bodhghat project is a river valley project, involving the construction of a
major dam on the Indravati River in Bastar district.
• This project, conceived as a precursor to a series of dams, was planned on the
Indravati River near Barsoor a village.
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The project involved the construction of the following :
• A composite dam of a total length of 1720 m at the dam top level consisting of a 855 m
long and 90 m high concrete gravity dam and fill dams of 500 m and 365 m lengths on
the left and right flanks respectively.
• A 3 km long (with 12.5 m diameter) head race tunnel.
• A 5 km long tail race canal.
• A surface powerhouse to support 4 generating units, each of 125 MW.
• This project was designed as a peaking station with an installed capacity of 500
MW (4 units of 125 MW) to provide a large peaking potential to the power station
of M.P. State.
• The forest area was made up of areas under Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and
Undemarcated Forest
Bodhghat Project
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Nature And Scope Of Issues:
• The Bodhghat Dam was particularly regarded as environmentally damaging
because its functional effectiveness was directly linked to the projects proposed
downstream.
• The dam would result in the forced displacement of some 10 000 tribal people
whose sustainable way of life based on a mixed economy of agriculture, herding,
fishing and forest use would be entirely destroyed.
• The project would also lead to the inundation of a large area of forest, a resource
fundamental to tribal people and whose dependency on the resources from forest is
almost total and complete.
Bodhghat Project
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• The project would result in a total loss of 20 000 hectare of wildlife habitats.
• The non availability of cultivable land and the wood lots for meeting the resource
needs of people for fuel wood, timber, food and fodder would have adverse effects on
people driven from the project area.
• The entire project area, which provides an ideal setting for designation as a
‘Biosphere Reserve’ owing to its biological richness and its pristine nature, would
become open to ecological destruction.
• The Bodhghat project would inevitably lead to the justification and the imposition of
Bhopalpatnam, Inchampalli and the other projects located downstream.
Bodhghat Project
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Approaches Taken:
For the preparation of EIA report, primary and secondary data and information were
generated through systematic field studies.
The field studies primarily focused on:
• assessment of the status of wildlife habitats with special reference to wild
buffalo habitat
• assessment of the human dependencies on natural resources of the project area
• Review of the rehabilitation policy for project-affected people.
• Field investigations were made at all sites likely to be impacted by the construction
of the proposed dam.
Bodhghat Project