Metals are opaque, lustrous

elements that are good

conductors of heat and

electricity. Most metals are

malleable and ductile and are,

in general, denser than the other elemental

substances.

AluminiumChromium

CobaltCopper

GoldIronLead

MagnesiumManganese

MercuryNickel

PlatinumSilver

TinTitaniumTungsten

Zinc

Various articles of daily life are made from metals. Metals are commercially used for manufacture of ships, aero planes, motor cars and various industrial machines. Iron

bars are used in the construction of buildings. Metal wires of pure copper and

aluminum are used for the supply of electricity. Lead is used for water pipes.

Aluminum is used in alloys for manufacturing of different parts of ships

and aero planes and different heavy machinery.

Transportation Aerospace Computers and other electronic

devices Communications Food

processing and preservation

Construction Electrical power production and

distribution Farming

They are strong and hard. They are solids at room temperature

(except for Mercury, which is the only metal to be liquid at room temperature)

They have a shiny luster when polished. They make good heat conductors and

electrical conductors. They are dense. They produce a sonorous

sound when struck. They have high melting points They are malleable

Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is ductile.

Gold and Silver are very malleable, ductile and very nonreactive. Gold and silver are used to make intricate jewelry which does not tarnish.

Iron and Steel are both hard and strong. Therefore they are used to construct bridges and buildings.

Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and is malleable. It is used to make saucepans and tin foil, and also aero plane bodies as it is very light.

Metals are shaped by processes such as casting, forging, flow forming , rolling, extrusion, sintering, metalworking, machining and fabrication.

Welding = is a technique for joining metal components by melting the base material. A filler material of similar composition may also be melted into the joint.

BRAZING - is a technique for joining metals at a temperature below their melting point. A filler with a melting point below that of the base metal is used, and is drawn into the joint by capillary action. Brazing results in a mechanical and metallurgical bond between work pieces.

Soldering = is a method of joining metals below their melting points using a filler metal. Soldering results in a mechanical joint and occurs at lower temperatures than brazing, specifically below 450 C (840 F)

PLATINGTHERMAL SPRAY

CASE HARDENING

Cutting - is a collection of processes wherein material is brought to a

specified geometry by removing excess material using various kinds of tooling leaving a finished part matching a set

of specifications.

Milling - is the complex shaping of metal (or possibly other materials) parts, by removing unneeded material to form the final shape.

Drilling - is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes.

Grinding - uses an abrasive process to remove material from the workpiece. A grinding machine is a Machine tool used for producing very fine finishes, making very light cuts, or high precision forms using a abrasive wheel as the cutting device.

Filing - is combination of grinding and saw tooth cutting using a file. It is usually used in the deburring process.

Broaching - is machining operation used to cut keyways into shafts.

• is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce saleable products such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing.

• is part of the field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas:

- Leaching- Solution concentration and purification- Metal recovery

• involves the use of aqueous solutions containing a lixiviant which is brought into contact with a material containing a valuable metal. The lixiviant in solution may be acidic or basic in nature. The type and concentration of the lixiviant is normally controlled to allow some degree of selectivity for the metal or metals that are to be recovered. In the leaching process, oxidation potential, temperature, and pH of the solution are important parameters, and are often manipulated to optimize dissolution of the desired metal component into the aqueous phase.