Mesopotamian Year Names

Neo-Sumerian and Old Babylonian Date Formulae

prepared by

Marcel Sigrist and Peter Damerow

LIST OF KINGS

The list of more than 2,000 year names which is made accessible here has been compiled as a tool for the dating of cuneiform tablets as well as for supporting historical studies on early bookkeeping techniques. This tool essentially consists of a collection of date formulae in administrative documents as they were used by the scribes in ancient Mesopotamia, and of computer generated indices for a quick identification of incomplete date formulae on damaged cuneiform tablets and of issues and events mentioned in these formulae.

The collection covers presently the time period

● from the time of the empire of Sargon ● to the end of the dynasty of Babylon.

Access is provided through

● a list of cities and kings, ● a list of words, ● a list of words of the English translation.

According to the pupose of this compilation the data formulae as they are presented here do not quote specific texts but are often composite formulae based on several sources. Furthermore it was impossible to give always the numerous variants of some of the year names. In cases of doubt whether the given version adequately represents the textual evidence users should consult the references and the relevant publications on Mesopotamian year names. (A bibliography is currently in preparation and will soon be accessible here.)

History of the project

The preparation of this electronic tool is an outcome of an unusual and long-lasting cooperation between an assyiologist and an historian of science at intervals over a period of more than 10 years. The data are kept in a database. Originally it was planned to prepare a computer generated publication of these data. Some seven years ago, a preprint of this publication was made available to a small group of interested scholars, including at that time only the year names of the Ur III period and Old Babylonian period.

Since then with the addition of year names used in other cities as, for instance, of year names from the Diyala region and of year names found in new publications and on tablets in museums the collection of year names grew tremendously. This fact alone already suggested to use the means of electronic data processing even more than it was intended at that time. The quickly growing facilities of the World Wide Web finally led us to modify our original plans and to provide first of all an online access to the collected data.

Acknowledgements and call for participation

Through all the years, several persons have contributed to the collection of year names and to the technical realization of electronic data processing. Many colleagues have helped us by making available their notes and the results of their research, or simply by supplying us with new year names to be included. In particular, we have to thank Prof W. W. Hallo and the trustees of the British Museum for their kind permission to publish year names coming from tablets under their curatorship.

Collecting Mesopotamian year names is an ongoing project. Readings and Translations have to be improved, and it is likely that also in the future further year names have do be added. Making, nevertheless, the present version accessible should encourage users to sent us critical comments or to provide us with further year names.

Marcel SigristEcole BibliquePOB 19053IL - 91190 Jerusalemmsigrist@pl.org

Peter DamerowMax Planck Institute for the History of ScienceWilhelmstr. 44D-10117 Berlindamerow@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de

Last change: 25/09/01 PD

Introduction

❍ Agade■ Sargon■ Rimusz■ Naram-Sin■ Szarkaliszarri■ King unknown

❍ Lagasz II■ Ur-Baba■ Gudea■ Ur-Ningirsu■ Ka-ku■ Lu-gula■ Lu-Baba■ Ur-gar■ Ur-Mama■ Pirigme■ Nammahni■ Ur-abba■ King unknown

❍ Uruk ED 3■ Utu-hegal

❍ Ur III■ Ur-Nammu■ Szulgi■ Amar-Sin■ Szu-Sin■ Ibbi-Sin

■ King unknown

❍ Isin■ Iszbi-Erra■ Szu-iliszu■ Iddin-Dagan■ Iszme-Dagan■ Lipit-Esztar■ Ur-Ninurta■ Bur-Sin■ Lipit-Enlil■ Irra-imitti■ Enlil-bani■ Zambija■ Iter-pisza■ Urdukuga■ Sin-magir■ Damiq-iliszu■ Dadbanaya■ King unknown

❍ Larsa■ Gungunum■ Abi-sare■ Sumuel■ Nur-Adad■ Sin-iddinam■ Sin-eribam■ Sin-iqiszam■ Syilli-Adad■ Warad-Sin■ Rim-Sin■ Rim-Sin II■ Hammu-rabi

❍ Babylon■ Sumuabum■ Sumulael■ Sabium■ Apil-Sin■ Sin-muballity■ Hammu-rabi■ Samsu-iluna■ Abi-eszuh■ Ammi-ditana■ Ammi-syaduqa■ Samsu-ditana

❍ Sealand■ Ilima-ilum

❍ Kisurra■ Itur-Szamasz■ Manabaltiel■ Szarrasyurrum■ Ubaya■ Zikrum■ King unknown■ Bur-Sin■ Ibbi-Szamasz

❍ Kish■ Yawium

❍ Mari■ Yahdun-Lim■ Sumu-Yamam■ Iszar-Lim■ Yasmah-Addu

■ Zimri-Lim■ Hammu-rabi

❍ Manana, Urum■ Halium■ Abdi-Erah■ Manana■ Naqimum■ Ahi-marasy■ Sumu-iamutbala■ King unknown

❍ Marad, Kazallu■ Ibni-szadum■ Sumu-ditan■ Iamsi-el■ Alum-pumu■ Sumu-numhim■ Sumu-atar■ Syallum■ Iahzir-el■ King unknown

❍ Nippur■ Hammu-rabi

❍ Sippar■ Altinu'u■ Bunu-tahtun-ila■ Immerum■ Sin-bani

❍ Uruk OB■ Alila-hadum■ Sin-kaszid

■ Sin-iribam■ Sin-gamil■ Ilum-gamil■ Dingir-am■ ir3-ne-ne■ Rim-Anum■ Nabi-iliszu■ King unknown

❍ Diyala: Esznunna, Tell Asmar■ {d}Szu-ilija■ Nur-ahum■ Kirikiri■ Bilalama■ Iszar-ramaszu■ Usyur-awassu■ Azuzum■ Ur-Ninmarki■ Ur-Ningiszzida■ Ipiq-Adad I■ Szarrija■ Belakum■ Warassa■ Ibal-pi-El I■ Ipiq-Adad II■ Naram-Sin■ Ibni-Erra■ Iqisz-Tiszpak■ Dannum-tahaz■ Dadusza■ Ibal-pi-El II■ Syilli-Sin■ King unknown

❍ Diyala: Dhiba'i, Uzarlulu■ Abi-matyar■ Sin-abuszu■ Hammi-duszur■ Naram-Sin■ Dannum-tahaz■ Dadusza■ Ibal-pi-El II■ King unknown

❍ Diyala: Szaduppum, Harmal■ Waqrum■ Szumahum■ Bilalama■ Isztaszni■ Immerum■ Hammi-duszur■ Taram-Urim■ Ibal-pi-El I■ Ipiq-Adad II■ Naram-Sin■ Ibni-Erra■ Iqisz-Tiszpak■ Dannum-tahaz■ Dadusza■ Ibal-pi-El II■ Syilli-Sin■ King unknown

❍ Diyala: Nerebtum, Ichcali■ Hadati■ Iszmeh-bala■ Sin-abuszu■ Ikun-pi-Sin

■ Hammi-duszur■ Ibal-pi-El I■ Ipiq-Adad II■ Naram-Sin■ Iqisz-Tiszpak■ Dannum-tahaz■ Dadusza■ Ibal-pi-El II■ Syilli-Sin■ Ibbi-Sin■ King unknown

❍ Diyala: Tutub, Khafaje■ Abdi-Erah■ Abi-matyar■ Sumuna-jarim■ Tattanum■ Hammi-duszur■ Warassa■ Yaqim-el■ King unknown

❍ City unknown■ Sziqlanum■ Izi-sumu-abum■ Adaki

Index

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Babylon Ammi-syaduqa

1 mu am-mi-sya-du-qa2 lugal-e {d}en-lil2-le nam-en-nun-na-ni / nam-en-na-ni bi2-ib2-gu-la {d}utu-gim kalam-ma-ni-sze3 zi-de3-esz ib2-ta-e3-a un szar2-ra-ba si bi2-ib2-sa2-sa2-a

Year in which Ammi-syaduqa the king, Enlil having magnified his princely lordship, rose forth steadfastly like the sun over his country and established justice for all his people

(YOS 13 13, RlA 2 189, 249)

2 mu sipa sun5-na an {d}en-lil2-bi-da-ke4 / {d}en-lil2-bi-da-asz kalam in-ne-da-gal2-la

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa), the humble shepherd of An and Enlil, (released the debts) lasting on his country

(RlA 2 189, 250, BBVOT 1 116)

3 mu gibil sza / egir sipa sun5-na an {d}en-lil2-bi-da-asz kalam in-da-gal2-la

Year after the year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) the humble shepherd of An and Enlil, (released the debts) lasting on his country

(CT 8 3b; BM 78733, YOS 13 230)

4 mu {d}marduk en gir3-ra szu-nir gal-gal-la ku3-sig17 ku3-babbar {na4}za-gin3-na-ke4 e2-sag-il2-la-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Esagil great emblems made of gold, silver and lapis-lazuli for Marduk the strong lord

(RlA 2 189, 252, BE 6/II 120)

5 mu {d}en-lil2-la2 en gal-la mu-a-ni in-sa4-a {urudu}alan-a-ni masz2 igi-du8-a szu-a an-da-gal2-la u3 alan-a-ni szud3-de3 ab-be2-a e2-nam-ti-la-sze3 i-ni-in-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) for Enlil the great lord who called him by his name brought into (the temple) Enamtila his statue (representing him) holding an offering lamb in his hand saying prayers

(RlA 2 189, 253, BE 6.2 123)

6 mu asz-me i3-mah-a szu-nir-ra u4-gim dalla ib2-ta-e3-a e2-babbar-ra-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Ebabbar magnificent sun-disks, emblems shining like the light of the day

(RlA 2 189, 254, MHET 2 509, YOS 13 35)

7 mu dingir-lamma didli-a u6-di-da ba-ab-du7-du7-a {d}sze3-ri5-da dam mah-a e2-babbar-ra-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Ebabbar various protective deities, having an awesome look, for Szerida the august consort

(RlA 2 189, 255, BM 79777)

8 mu {gisz}dur2-gar ku3-sig17-ga-a husz-a-ta ki-bad-ra2-a-asz i3-tum2-ma u3 alan-a-ni hub2 ab-szu2-szu2-e-a e2-nam-ti-la-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Enamtila a throne made of redish gold, fitting for a distant place and a statue (representing him like a messenger) in a running posture

(YOS 13 408)

9 mu {d}utu en-na an-ta gal2-la alan-a-ni nam-nir-gal2-la-a-ni zubi ku3-sig17-ga-ke4 szu-a an-da-gal2-la e2-babbar-ra-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Ebabbar for Szamasz the lord who resides in heaven his statue (representing him like) a noble holding in his hand the zubi-weapon made in gold

(YOS 13 71)

10 mu sipa zi sze-ga {d}utu {d}marduk-bi-da-ke4 ur5-ra kalam-ma-na / ka-la-ma-na / ma-da-na szu bi2-in-du8-a

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa), the true shepherd, the obedient servant of Szamasz and Marduk, released the debts of his country

(RlA 2 190, 258, BM 79807)

11a mu am-mi-sya-du-qa2 lugal-e igi-gal2 gu-la {d}marduk lugal-bi in-na-an-gar-ra bad3-am-mi-sya-du-qa2{ki} ka / gu2 id2-buranun{ki}-na-ta / gu2 id2-sa-am-su-i-li-na-nagab-nu-uh-szi gu2 sag-ga2-ke4 in-ne-en-dim2-ma / bi2-in-du3-a

Year in which Ammi-syaduqa the king, with the great insight which Marduk his king has given him, built Dur-Ammi-syaduqa at the bank of the Euphrates / at the bank of the canal Samsuiluna-nagab-nuhszi

(RlA 2 190, 259, YOS 13 382; CT 8 3a, CT 6 6)

11b mu am-mi-sya-du-qa2 lugal-e bad3 gal-la hur-sag-gim ki-a ib2-ta-an-e3 ka id2-buranun{ki}-ta bi2-in-du3-a

Year in which Ammi-syaduqa the king built the great wall raising like a mountain on the mouth of the Euphrates

(BM 79934 = MHET 2, 522)

12a mu alan-a-ni masz2 gaba tab-ba szu-a an-da-a / an-da-gal2-la u3 alan-a-ni szud3 szu silim-ma ab-be2-a / ab-di-a

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa made) his statue (representing him) holding with his hand a lamb against his breast saying a prayer of peace

(RlA 2 190, 260)

12b mu alan-a-ni szu gaba-a-ba ab-di-a

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa made) his statue (representing him) saying a prayer (of peace and holding) his hands on his breast

(ARDer 232)

13 mu {urudu}ki-lugal-gub i3-mah-a / bi2-ib2-diri-ga kur didli-a / hur-sag didli-a id2-didli-a i3-me-esz-a-bi / i3-mesz-a-bi e2-mah e2-nam-he2-a-ta me-te-a-asz mi-ni-in-gar-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) placed as an ornament for the Emah of the Enamhe a magnificent / extraordinary large royal plateform in copper (representing) mountains and numerous streams

(RlA 2 190, 261, BE 6/I 95)

14a mu {urudu}du8-mah gal-gal-la {urudu}ki-lugal-gub i3-mah-a hur-sag id2-da diri-diri-ga e2-nam-ti-la-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra / in-ne-e-a-tu-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Enamtila great copper altars and a splendid royal plateform (representing) mountains and overflowing rivers

(RlA 2 190, 262, BAP 42 )

14b mu am-mi-sya-du-qa2 lugal-e ... sa-di-i a-na e2-{d}en-lil2 u2-sze-lu-u2

Year in which Ammi-syaduqa the king erected in the temple of Enlil (royal plateforms representing) mountains (and rivers)

(CT 48 116)

14c mu {urudu}du8-mah gal-gal-la me-te en szu-sikil

Year (Ammi-syaduqa brought into the temple Enamtila) a large altar fitting the lord with the pure hands

(YOS 13 472)

14d mu hur-sag id2 mu-na-an-dim2

Year he made (a royal plateform representing) mountains and rivers

(BM 80117/8)

15a mu alan-a-ni szu silim-ma-a ab-be2-a / ab-di-di-de3-a-asz / ab-di-di-e-ne-a {d}za-ba4-ba4 {d}inanna-bi-da-asz e2-me-te-ur-sag-sze3 in-ne-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Emeteursag for Zababa and Inanna his statue (representing him) saying a prayer of peace

(RlA 2 190, 263, BM 79121, BE 6/I 101)

15b mu am-mi-sya-du-qa lugal-e alan-a-ni szu-silim-ma ab-di-di-e-ne-a {d}za-ba4-ba4 {d}inanna-e-ne-bi-da

Year Ammi-syaduqa the king (brought into the temple Emeteursag) for Zababa and Inanna his statue (representing him) saying a prayer of peace

(CT 8 10a)

15c mu alan-a-ni szu gaba-a ab-di-a

Year (Ammi-syaduqa brought into the temple Emeteursag for Zababa and Inanna) his statue (representing him) saying a prayer with his hand on his breast

(ARDdr 232, 233)

16 mu du11-ga mah-a {d}utu / {d}marduk-ke4 lugal-a-ni-ta id2-am-mi-sya-du-qa2-nu-hu-usz-ni-szi mi-ni-in-ba-al-la-a mu-a-ni bi2-in-sa4

Year (Ammi-syaduqa) dug, at the exalted command of Szamasz / Marduk his king, a canal and called it 'Ammi-syaduqa provides abundance for the people'

(RlA 2 190, 264, BM 16603, BM 22551)

17+a mu {urudu}ki-lugal-gub-ba i3-mah-a / ib2-diri-ga-a hur-sag kur he2-nun-na id2-didli-a me-te ne-sag-ga2-sze3 e2-mah-a e2-nam-he2-a / e2-ni2-te-en-du10-sze3 ki-a bi2-ib2-us2-sa

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) set in place in the Emah of the Enamhe / Enitendu for the nesag-offerings a superb royal plateform in copper (representing) mountains, regions of abundance and various rivers

(RlA 2 190, 265, BE 6/I 96)

17+b mu alan-a-ni du10-bi i3-musz3-a nam-szul-la-ni-gim mah-bi ib2-diri-ga {d}pap-nun-na nun asz-sza4-a-ni e2-babbar-ra-sze3 in-na-an-ku4-ra / bi2-en-ku4-ra

Year in which (Ammi-syaduqa) brought into (the temple) Ebabbar for Papnunna, the unique lady, his statue (representing him) bending the knee, (statue) whose magnificence like his youthful strength is exceedingly great

(YOS 13 34, BE 6/1 105)

17+d mu u6-nir sag-bi an-sze3 {d}utu-ke4 e2-babbar-ra-sze3 e2-ul-masz-a-bi szu-gibil-a bi2-in-ak

Year (Ammi-syaduqa) repaired to the top Szamasz's zikkurat of (the temple) Ebabbar and (the temple) Eulmasz

(YOS 13 65)

17+e mu {d}en-lil2 i3-mah-a / en mah

Year the exalted Enlil / the exalted lord

(RlA 2 191, 269, BM 78596)

A mu mu-sar Year the inscription (Jeyes, Old Babylonian Extispicy, N. 11)

B mu tug2-me ku3-sig17 [] {d}utu {d}sze-r[i5-da ... ] mu-ni-in-[du3]

Year he made the coat in gold for Szamasz and Szerida

(YBC 8752)

C mu us2-sa tug2-me {d}utu Year after the year the coat of Szamasz

(BM 80199)

D mu inim-bi {d}en-lil2-la2 {d}utu-bi

Year on the word of Enlil and Szamasz

( BM 16603)

Index

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Babylon Hammu-rabi

1 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi / am-mu-ra-bi lugal

Year Hammu-rabi (became) king

(RlA 2 178, 103)

2 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e nam-si-sa2 / ni3-si-sa2 / ama-gi kalam{ki} sza3-ga ma-da-na / kalam-ma i-ni-in-gar-ra

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king established justice / released of forced labour in his land

(RlA 2 178, 104, CT 48 94)

3a mu {gisz}gu-za bara2 mah e2-{d}nanna ur2i{ki} / ka2-dingir-ra{ki} e2-kisz-nu-gal{ki} mu-un-na-dim2

Year (Hammurabi) made a magnificent throne dais for the temple of Nanna in Ur / the Ekisznugal in Babylon

(RlA 2 178, 105)

3b mu {d}nanna e2-{d}nanna ka2-dingir-ra{ki} ha-am-mu-ra-bi u2-sze-pi2-szu

Year in which Hammu-rabi built for Nanna his temple in Babylon

(BE 6.1 21)

4 mu bad3 gal ga2-gi4-a{ki} / ga-gi-im gibil bad3 szi-ra-mah{ki} mu-un-du3-a

Year in which (Hammu-rabi) restored the great wall of the 'nunnery' and built the city wall of Sziramah / Isziramah

(RlA 2 178, 106; BM 85449)

5 mu en ka-asz-bar an-ki mu-un-na-an-dim2-ma

Year in which (Hammu-rabi) made (a statue called) 'the lord is the decision maker of heaven and earth'

(RlA 2 178, 107)

6 mu bara2 {d}nin-pirig3 mu-un-na-an-dim2-ma

Year in which (Hammu-rabi) made a throne for Ninpirig

(RlA 2 178, 108)

7 mu unug{ki} u3 i3-si-in-na{ki} ba-an-dab5

Year (Hammu-rabi) seized Uruk and Isin

(RlA 2 178, 109)

8 mu ma-da gu2 id2-szu-mu-dar / id2-sumun-dar bad3 e-mu-ut-ba-lum{ki}

Year the land on the banks of the canal (called) Szumundar and the city wall of Emutbal

(RlA 2 178, 110)

9 mu id2-ha-am-mu-ra-bi-he2-gal2

Year (Hammu-rabi dug the canal called) 'Hammu-rabi-hegal / Hammurabi is abundance'

(RlA 2 178, 111)

10a mu eren2 uru a2-dam-bi ma3-al-gi4-a{ki} / ma-da ma-al-gi-a ba-gul

Year the troops, the city and the territory of Malgium (were defeated) / the land of Malgium was destroyed

(RlA 2 178 112, BM 82085)

10b mu ba-ba-at ma-al-gi-im{ki}

Year the defeat of Malgium (BM 81239)

11 mu bad3 / uru ma-da a2-dam ra-pi2-qum{ki} u3 sza-li-bi{ki} in-dab5

Year (Hammu-rabi) seized the city wall / city, the land and the territory of Rapiqum and Szalibi

(RlA 2 178, 113)

12 mu {gisz}gu-za {d}zar-pa-ni-tum mu-na-dim2

Year (Hammu-rabi) made a throne for Zarpanitum

(RlA 2 178, 114)

13a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi {urudu}ki-lugal-gub-ba du8-mah-bi kur-ra id2 mu-na-dim2

Year Hammurabi made a royal piedestal in copper and an altar (decorated with) mountains and rivers

(RlA 2 178, 115)

13b szanat sza-di-i u3 na-ra-tim ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal

Year Hammu-rabi the king (made a royal piedestal in copper and an altar decorated with) mountains and rivers

(BE 6.1 81)

14 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e {gisz}gu-za bara2 mah ku3-sig17 ku3-babbar {na4}nir2-igi {na4}nir2-gir2-musz {na4}za-gin3-ta szu-du7-a sze-er-zi-gim gir3-gir3 {d}inanna ka2-dingir-ra{ki}-ra {gisz}gigir-a-ni til-til-e mu-un-na-an-dim2-ma

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king made for Inanna of Babylon a magnificent throne dais, adorned with gold, silver, eye-hulalu-stone, muszszaru-stone and lapis-lazuli flashing like rays and made her chariot complete in everything

(PRAK II 33)

15a mu {urudu}alan-bi 6-am3 {d}utu e2-bar6-bar6

Year (Hammu-rabi made) six statues in copper for Szamasz in the (temple) Ebabbar

(BM 82126, BM 82 126)

15b mu {urudu}alan-bi imin-na / 7-am3 {d}utu e2-bar6-bar6

Year (Hammu-rabi made) seven statues in copper for Szamasz in the (temple) Ebabbar

(RlA 2 179, 117)

15c mu gibil 7-kam Year after the year (Hammu-rabi made) seven (statues in copper for Szamasz in the temple Ebabbar)

(BM 82042)

16 mu {gisz}gu-za {d}na-bi-um mu-un-na-an-dim2

Year (Hammurabi) made a throne for Nabu

(RlA 2 179, 118)

17 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e alan {d}inanna elip{ki} / ki-bal-masz-da3{ki} sag an-sze3 mu-un-il2-a

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king elevated a statue of / for Inanna of Elip

(RlA 2 179, 119)

18 mu gu-za bara2 {d}en-lil2-ra ka2-dingir-ra{ki} mu-na-dim2

Year (Hammu-rabi) made a throne dais for Enlil in Babylon

(RlA 2 179, 120)

19 mu bad3 mah igi-hur-sag-ga2{ki}

Year (Hammu-rabi built) the magnificent city wall of Igihursag

(RlA 2 179, 121)

20a mu {gisz}gu-za unu6-gal {d}iszkur-re mu-un-na-dim2

Year (Hammu-rabi) made a throne for the great banquet-hall (of the temple) of Adad

(RlA 2 179, 122)

20b mu {d}iszkur sag dingir-re Year Adad the head of the god(s)

(Stol, 42)

21a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e bad3 uru ba-syum{ki} ba-du3

Year Hammurabi the king built the city wall of Baz (Abu-Jawan under control of Ibal-pi-El II).

(RlA 2 179, 123)

21b mu bad3 sza ba-syu2-um Year (Hammu-rabi the king built) the city wall of Baz

(BM 82 128)

22a mu alan ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal ni3-si-sa2

Year the statue of Hammu-rabi (called) 'king of justice'

(RlA 2 179, 124)

22b mu us2-sa ... alan nam?-? ... Year after the year the statue (of Hammu-rabi called 'king) of justice'

(Stol, 42)

22c mu alan ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal e2-sag-ila2

Year the statue of Hammurabi called 'king in the Esagil'

(BM 80841)

23 mu usz bad3 zimbir{ki}-ra Year the foundations of the city wall of Sippar (were laid)

(RlA 2 179, 125)

24a mu id2-{d}en-lil2 Year the canal of Enlil (was dug)

(BM 23822)

24b mu id2-di4-lim-da-{d}en-lil2-la2 / id2-ti-gi8-da-{d}en-lil2-la2 id2-buranun mu-un-ba-al-la

Year in which (Hammu-rabi) dug the canal (called) 'Vessel of Enlil' and the Euphrates

(RlA 2 179, 126)

25 mu bad3 gal zimbir{ki}-ra {d}utu {d}sze3-ri5-da gul-la ba-du3

Year (Hammu-rabi) rebuilt the destroyed great city wall of Sippar (for?/city of) Szamasz and Szerida

(RlA 2 179, 127)

26 mu bara2 gal-gal-la ku3-sig17 husz-a {d}utu {d}iszkur {d}sze3-ri5-da-ra mu-na-dim2

Year (Hammu-rabi) made the great thrones in redish gold for Szamasz, Adad, and Szerida

(RlA 2 179, 128)

27b mu szu-nir mah ku3-sig17 husz-a igi-du {gisz}giszimmar eren2-na-ke4 dingir gal-gal-e-ne-sze3 a2-dah-a-ni-sze3 mu-un-ne-dim2-ma

Year in which (Hammurabi) made for the great gods his helpers a magnificent emblem of redish gold, a palm-tree which goes in front of the army

(RlA 2 179, 129)

27b mu -nir ku3-sig17 dingir gal-gal

Year the golden emblem of the great gods

(BM 79758)

28 mu e2-nam-he2 e2-{d}iszkur-ra ka2-dingir-ra{ki}

Year (Hammu-rabi built) the Enamhe, the temple of abundance, the temple of Adad in Babylon

(RlA 2 179, 130; CT 8 40a)

29 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e {urudu}alan {d}sza-a-la / {d}sza-la mu-na-an-dim2

Year Hammu-rabi the king made a statue in copper for / of Szala

(RlA 2 180, 131)

30* mu us2-sa ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e {urudu}alan {d}me-dim2-sza4 mu-na-an-dim2

Year after the year Hammu-rabi the king made a statue in copper for / of Szala

(ARN 65)

30 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e a2-gal2 ki-ag2 {d}marduk-ke4 usu mah dingir gal-gal-e-ne ugnim elam{ki}-ma zag mar-ha-szi{ki}-ta su-bir4{ki} gu-ti-um{ki} esz-nun-na{ki} u3 ma3-al-gi{ki} nam-dugud-bi im-zi-zi-esz-am3 gar3-dar-a-bi i-ni-in-gar-ra-a suhusz ki-en-gi ki-uri i-ni-in-gi-bi

Year Hammu-rabi the king, the mighty, the beloved of Marduk, drove away with the supreme power of the great gods the army of Elam who had gathered from the border of Marhaszi, Subartu, Gutium, Tupliasz (Esznunna) and Malgium who had come up in multitudes, and having defeated them in one campaign, he (Hammurabi) secured the foundations of Sumer and Akkad

(RlA 2 180, 1327)

31a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e gizkim-ti an {d}en-lil2-bi-ta igi eren2-na-sze3 i3-gin-na-am3 usu mah ... dingir gal-gal-e-ne mu-un-na-an-sum-usz-am3 ma-da eren2 e-mu-ut-ba-lum{ki} / ia-mu-ut-ba-lum{ki} ba-hul u3 lugal-bi ri-im-{d}en.zu szu-ni sa2 bi2-in-du11-ga ... []-bi-sze3 zi-ni ... ba-e3 ... un ... ki-en-gi ki-uri du11-ga-ni bi2-in-tusz-e

Year Hammurabi the king, trusting An and Enlil who marches in front of his army and with the supreme power which the great gods have given to him, destroyed the troops of Emutbal and subjugated its king Rim-Sin and brought Sumer and Akkad to dwell under his authority

(RlA 2 180, 133)

31b mu ugnim larsa{ki} {gisz}tukul ba-sig3

Year the army of Larsa was smitten by weapons

(BM 79954)

32a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal ur-sag u3-ma sa2-sa2 {d}marduk-ke4 ugnim eren2 esz3-nun-na{ki} su-bir4{ki} gu-ti-um{ki} {gisz}tukul kalag-ga-na me3-ta bi2-ib-szub-ba ma-da ma-an-ki-sum2{ki} u3 ma-da gu2 idigna en-na zag kur su-bir{ki}-sze3 szu-ni sa2 bi2-in-du11-ga / ba-an-sig3

Year Hammu-rabi the king, the heros who gains victory for Marduk, defeated with his mighty weapons the entire army and soldiers of Esznunna, Subartu and Gutium and conquered the land of Mankisum and the land on the banks of the Tigris up to the border of the Subartu mountains

(RlA 2 180, 134)

32b mu ugnim esz3-nun-na{ki} ia-mu-ut-ba-lum{ki}

Year the armies of Esznunna and Emutbal

(VAS 9 41)

33 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e id2-ha-am-mu-ra-bi-nu-hu-usz-ni-szi sza3-ge tum2-am3 an {d}en-lil2 mu-un-ba-al a da-ri2 he2-gal2-ka nibru{ki} eridu{ki} ur2i{ki} larsa{ki}-ma unug{ki}-ga i3-si-in-na{ki} mu-un-gar-ra-am3 ki-en-gi ki-uri bir-bir-re-a ki-bi-sze3 bi2-in-gi4-a ugnim ma-ri2{ki} u3 ma-al-gi{ki} me3-ta bi2-

Year Hammu-rabi the king dug the canal (called) 'Hammu-rabi is abundance to the people', the beloved of An and Enlil, established the everlasting waters of plentifulness for Nippur, Eridu, Ur, Larsa, Uruk and Isin, restored Sumer and Akkad which had been scattered, overthrew in battle the army of Mari and

(RlA 2 180, 135)

ib2-szub-be2 ma-ri2{ki} u3 a2-dam-bi u3 uru-didli su-bir4{ki} du11-ga-ni ku-li-bi bi2-in-tusz

Malgium and caused Mari and its territory and the various cities of Subartu to dwell under his authority in friendship

34 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e an {d}inanna u3 {d}na-na-a-a-e-bi-ta iti-utah-he2-gim mu-un-sig7-ge e2-tur3-kalam-ma mu-un-gibil-am3

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king (on the orders of) An, Inanna and Nanaia restored (the temple) Eturkalama and made him shine like heaven

35a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e inim an {d}en-lil2-la2-ta bad3 ma2-ri2{ki} u3 bad3 ma3-al-gi4-a{ki} mu-un-gul-la

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king by the orders of An and Enlil destroyed the city walls of Mari and Malgium

(RlA 2 180, 137)

35b mu bad3 ma2-ri2{ki} u3 sig4{ki}

Year the city walls of Mari and Malgium

(TCL 1 101)

36 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e e2-me-te-ur-sag-ga2 mu-un-gibil-a u6-nir ki-dur2 / ki-tusz mah {d}za-ba4-ba4 {d}inanna-ke4 sag-bi an-gim il2-la mu-un-du3-a me-lam2 {d}za-ba4-ba4 {d}inanna-e-ne-bi-ta zag zi-da gal-bi bi2-in-diri-ga

Year in which Hammurabi the king restored (the temple) Emeteursag and built the zikkurat, the magnificent dwelling place of Zababa and Inanna, whose top is as high as heaven and increased the glory of Zababa and Inanna to a just and great extent

(RlA 2 180, 138)

37 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e usu gal {d}marduk-ka-ta ugnim eren2-mesz qu2-tu-u2 / su-tu-um u3 tu-ru-uk-kum{ki} ka-ak-mu-um{ki} u3 kur su-bir4{ki}-bi-ta me3-ta bi2-ib2-szub-ba

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king by the great strength of Marduk overthrew in battle the armies and the soldiers of Gutium, Sutum, Turukku, Kakmu and the land of Subartu

(RlA 2 180, 139, TCL 11 158)

38a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal du11-ga an {d}en-lil2-bi-ta nam-ku3-zu {d}marduk-ke4 mu-un-na-an-sum-ma-a bad3 esz3-nun-na{ki} a gal-gal-la mu-un-gul-la ... ki ib2-ta-zi / ib2-ta-gi

Year Hammu-rabi the king by the command of An and Enlil, through the wisdom given to him by Marduk restored the city wall of Esznunna destroyed by a flood

(BM 85386)

38b mu {d}ha-am {d}lugal esz3-nun{ki} a-a gal-gal mu-un-gul-la

Year in which the divine Hammu[rabi] the king Esznunna destroyed by a flood

(RlA 2 181 140, BM 85386)

38c mu esz3-nun-na ba-du7 Year Esznunna was embellished

(Stol, 34)

39a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e usu kalag-ga an {d}en-lil2 mu-un-na-sum-ma-ta kilib3 / szu-nigin gu2-da3-a{ki}-bi kur su-bir4{ki}-sze3 sag gisz bi2-in-ra-a

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king with the great power given to him by An and Enlil smote the totality of Cutha and the land of Subartu

39b szanat na-ap-ha-ar kur su3-ba-ar-tum

Year the totality of the land of Subartu

40a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e e2-mes-lam sag-bi hur-sag-gim mu-un-il2-la

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king raised the top of (the temple) Emeslam as high as the mountains

(RlA 2 181, 142)

40b szanat a-ra-al-lum Year (the city of) Arallum (VAS 9 154)

40c mu a-ra-al-lum Year Arallum (Stol, 42)

40d szanat mi-isz-la-mi Year (the temple) Emeslam (JCS 11 20: 6)

41 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e {d}tasz-me-tum / {d}tasz-mi-i-tum ka-sa6-sa6-ga-ni ku3-sig17 husz-a {na4}suh-a

Year Hammurabi the king (made) at the favorable command of Taszmetum (a statue) of redish gold and precious stones

(RlA 2 181, 143)

42* szanat wa-ar-ki szanat {d}tasz-me-tum

Year after the year (the statue of) Taszmetum

(VAS 9 140)

42 mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e bad3 gal gu2 id2-idigna sag-bi hur-sag-gim mu-un-il2-la2 kar-{d}utu{ki} mu-bi bi2-in-sa4-a u3 bad3 ra-pi2-qum{ki} gu2 id2-buranun-ka mu-un-du3-a

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king lifted up like a mountain the top of the great city wall on the banks of the Tigris, called it Kar-Szamasz, and built the city wall of Rapiqum on the banks of the Euphrates

(RlA 2 181 144)

43a mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal-e zimbir{ki} uru-u3-ul {d}utu-ke4 bad3-bi sahar-gal-ta in-gar-ra

Year in which Hammu-rabi the king made the wall of Sippar, the eternal city of Szamasz, out of great masses of earth

(RlA 2 181, 145)

43b szanat eper zimbir{ki} isz-sza-ap-ku

Year in which earth was heaped up for (the city wall of) Sippar

(PBS 7 37)

aa mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal ma-da kur su-bir4{ki} e2-gal-la-tum{ki} bu-ru-un-da{ki} u3 ma-da za-am-la-asz2{ki} gu2 / zag id2-idigna en-na id2-zimbir{ki} gu2-ki-sze3 mi-ni-gar

Year Hammu-rabi the king subjugated the land of the region of Subartu, Ekallatum, Burunda and the land of Zamlasz from the banks of the Tigris to the Sippar canal

(Stol, 33)

ab mu e2-gal-la-tum{ki} bu-ru-un-da{ki}

Year Ekallatum, Burunda (Stol, 34, BM 82299)

ac mu kilib3 bu-ru-da{ki} Year the totality of Burunda (Stol, 34, BM 82091)

ad mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal bu-ru-un-da{ki} zag id2-idigna en-na id2-zimbir{ki} ...

Year Hammu-rabi the king, Burunda on the bank of the Tigris (to) the Sippar canal

(Stol, 34)

b mu ab-ru-tu / urudu?-nim?-tu

Year ... (Stol, 34, BM 82091A)

c mu ha-am-mu-ra-bi uru a2-di-di / id-di-di

Year Hammurabi the city of Adidi / Iddidi

(BM 97290)

d mu ma-da za-al-ma-qum Year the land of Zalmaqum (Stol, 39)

e mu un?-ne Year the people ... (Stol, 40)

f mu kur-ra ... mu-na-dim2 Year (Hammurabi) made ... mountain

(Stol, 42)

g mu um du um Year ... (Stol, 42)

h mu sza3 esz3 husz-sze3 alan in-ku4-ra

Year in which (Hammu-rabi) brought a statue into the sanctuary of the eszhusz

(Stol, 43)

i mu dur2 {d}utu {d}a-a Year the dwelling place of Szamasz and Aia

(BM 82311/2)

Introduction

Index of Words (sumerian)

A B C D E F G H I

J K L M N O P Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

_a _d gisz kusz mul na4 urudu uru broken

Index of Words (english)

A B C D E F G H I

J K L M N O P Q R

S T U V W X Y Z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

_d broken