MENTAL ILLNESS IN AMERICA By: shelby gutkowski, sam hubbard, and megan levens

MENTAL ILLNESS

• A mental illness is a condition that impacts a person's thinking, feeling or mood may affect and his or her ability to relate to others and function on a daily basis. Each person will have different experiences, even people with the same diagnosis.

• Genetics, environment and lifestyle combine to influence whether someone develops a mental health condition

DEMOGRAPHICS

• The United States has the highest rate of mental illnesses. In one year, 27% of adults in the United States will experience some sort of mental health disorder.

•  After the U.S., Ukraine, Colombia, New Zealand, Lebanon, and France have the next highest rates of mental health disorders of any kind.

• Japan, the People’s Republic of China, Nigeria, and Israel have the lowest rates.

• Part of the reason certain areas have lower rates is because having a mental health condition can be seen as taboo.

ASPERGER’S

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)- diagnosis that describes significant social, communicative, and behavior challenges. It affects people in different ways and can vary from mild to server.

• Asperger’s is a high functioning form of autism

• Don’t know the actual cause

• Many environmental, genetic and biologic factors

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9eATBV-_lg

RED FLAGS

• Avoid eye contact

• Trouble understanding feelings (others and self)

• Get upset by minor changes

• Obsessive interests

STATS

• Asperger’s is 5X more common in boys than girls

• 1/68 children in the US are somewhere on the ASD

• Parents who have a child on the ASD have 2-18% chance of having another child on the ASD

HOW IT AFFECTS THE CHILD

At school

• Paying attention is hard

• Social skills

• Following directions

• Inappropriate behavior

At home

• Life skills (getting dressed, brushing teeth, bathing)

• Family relationships

• Cleaning up

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Behavior Aid

• Breaks down the most basic parts of a skill (one step at a time)

• Helps decrease repetitive behavior

• Increase social, language, and play skills

Speech-language pathologist

• Increase language and functional communication

• Increase expressing wants and needs

• Improve social and speech skills

CONT’D

Occupational Therapists

• Strengthens gross and motor skills

• Increase sensory processing skills

• Targets cognitive flexibility activities of daily living

Social Work

• Increase appropriate social interactions

• Improve life skills

HEALTH BARRIERS FOR ADULTS

• Many live in poverty

• Lack transportation to and from appointments

• Difficulty in navigating a healthcare system that relies heavy on verbal communication

SCHIZOPHRENIA

• A chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder which is a result of a breakdown between thought, emotion, and behavior.

• Simulation Video: : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SN1GCoVzxGg

HEALTH STATUS

• Schizophrenia and it’s treatment leads to high rates of mortality.

• Long term psychiatric patients are less likely to preform self care and other health related activities.

• People with this illness face a lot of health factors due to stress and as a side effect of all of the psychotropic drugs.

MYTH OR FACT:

People with schizophrenia are dangerous, violent, and out of control.

MYTH!People with schizophrenia are no more violent then the general population.

SUICIDE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

• People with schizophrenia have a 50X higher rate of committing suicide then the general population.• #1 cause of premature death.

• Can be due to extreme depression, psychosis, and lack of treatment.

• Much more likely to self-harm.

PSYCHOSOCIAL INDICATORS TO HEALTH• Many patients suffer poor

social functioning.• May not make sense when

they talk.• May sit for hours without

moving or speaking.• Consequence as a result is

a lack of employment.

PSYCHOSOCIAL INDICATORS TO HEALTH

Positive Symptoms

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

• Though Disorders

• Movement Disorders

Negative Symptoms

• Flat Effect – When a patients face doesn’t move and their voice is very monotonous while they speak.

• Lack of pleasure in everyday activities.

• Lack of ability to follow through with plans.

Cognitive Symptoms

• Trouble with working memory.

• Trouble focusing and paying attention.

• Poor executive functioning.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Disorganized• Disorganized

speech and behavior.

• Everyday tasks are hard.

Paranoid• Delusions

• Auditory hallucinations.

Catatonic• Disturbed

movement.

• Either completely still or all over the place.

Residual

• There is a history of episodes but no current symptoms.

Undifferentiated

• Symptoms are present, but the criteria for any other kind hasn’t been met.

MYTH OR FACTSchizophrenia, in all of it’s forms, is terminal and progressively worsens with time.

MYTH!About 50% of all people with schizophrenia end up relatively independent or completely cured!

TREATMENT

Antipsychotic Medication

• Thorazine

• Haldol

• Trilafon

• Prolixin

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness

• Dizziness

• Blurred Vision

• Rigidity

• Muscle Spasms

• Tremors

Long term use can lead to tardive dyskinesia.

PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENTS

• Help patients deal with everyday life challenges.

• Make patient more likely to take their medications.

• Help patients understand and adjust to their illness.

MYTH OR FACT

Schizophrenia is caused by genetics

FACT!•However, environmental factors also play a role.• Early traumatic events• Severe stress• Exposure from urban environments.

LOUIS WANG’S CAT

DRAWINGS

MYTH OR FACT

• Bipolar disorder is a rare condition.

MYTH

• In a given year, bipolar disorder affects about 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population 18 and older, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

BIPOLAR

• Bipolar disorder is associated with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. It is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWB0wQWJTew

BIPOLAR I VS BIPOLAR II

• The difference between bi-polar type one and type two is type one is the more severe kind with both manic and depressive systems where as type two deals with depression and hypomania which is a more mild form of being manic.

HEALTH STATUS

• The life expectancy rate for a person with Bi-Polar decreases by 9% this is because one in five people with this disorder will commit suicide.

• An equal number of men and women develop bipolar illness and it is found in all ages, races, ethnic groups and social classes.

WHO IS AFFECTED?

• This disorder generally occurs in people ages 18 and older, but later in life when a person is in their 40s or their 50s it can start to occur.

• Children who have one parent with the disorder have a 30% chance of getting it, whereas a child who has both parents with the disorder has an increased risk of getting the disorder by 50-75%

SYMPTOMS

• Mood: loss of interest, apprehension, hopelessness, anger, elevated mood, guilt, mood swings, inability to feel pleasure, euphoria, or sadness.

• Behavioral: hyperactivity, self-harm, risky behavior, irritability, aggression, crying, impulsivity, or excess for desire of sex.

• Cognitive: racing thoughts, lack of concentration, delusion, or slowness in activity and thought.

• Psychological: agitated depression, paranoia, anxiety, manic episode or depression.

TREATMENT

• Mood stabilizers and antidepressants are generally used to help treat bipolar. Mood stabilizers help reduce the chances of depression within the person.

• Common Mood stabilizers include lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine.

• . One in three people who take these stabilizers for life will be free of their manic episodes.

TREATMENT CONTINUED

• Other medications that help with this disorder would be antianxiety medications such as Ativan and Klonopin.

• Anti-Psychotic drugs such as Trilafon can be used to help with insomnia, agitation, or other symptoms during a manic episode.

• Anti-depressants such as Wellbutrin or Prozac are used with a mood stabilizer because if just the anti-depressant is used, it can push a persons mood up too high causing hypomania, mania, or rapid cycling.

TREATMENT RATES

• According to the National Advisory Mental Health Council, the treatment success rate for bipolar disorder is a remarkable 80 percent.

• 9 out of 10 patients are satisfied with their medications however the side effects are what bother them the most. Common side effects include: nausea, vomiting, trembling, increased thirst, weight gain within the first few months, and drowsiness.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL DISORDERSCo-Occurring Disorder:

The presence of two or more disorders occurring at the same time. This is typically defined as one or more mental illnesses occurring at the same time as one or more substance abuse disorders.

MYTH OR FACT

Substance abuse can trigger a mental illness.

FACT!

CO-OCCURRING DISORDERS MOST PREVALENT WITH:

• Top Mental Illnesses• Anti-social personality

disorder• Bipolarism• Schizophrenia

• Top Substances• Alcohol• Nicotine• Opiates

7 to 10 million people in the United States suffer from co-occurring disorders.

CO-OCCURRING DISORDERS• 55% of people with co-occurring disorders have never

received help.

• Out of those that have received help for an addiction, only 7% have received help for the co-occurring disorder.

• Around 25% of the entire homeless population suffer from a co-occurring disorder, many others end up incarcerated.

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