mental health unit 2 (1). “the state of being free from mental disturbances that limit...
TRANSCRIPT
Mental Health
Unit 2 (1)
“The state of being free from mental
disturbancesthat limit functioning.”
Mental health is…
If you know of someone who has been diagnosed witha mental disorder, how
does the disorder limit their ability to function? (How is their daily life impacted?)
“The state of being free from mental Disturbances that limit functioning.”
Keep in mind that:
The function of a healthy brain is to enable us to
respond to continuous Internal and external stimuli in a
manner that ensures our survival.
Let’s take a look:
7- Step Process of mental function
Step One (1)A stimulus occurs
The stimulus may be a thought, dream, something you see, hear, smell, taste, touch, etc.)
Our brain is continuously bombarded by stimuli
The function of a healthy brain is to enable us to
respond to continuous stimuli in a mannerthat ensures our
survival.
Stimuli are constantly bombarding us…
How many stimuli is Katniss experiencing in this scene from
Hunger Games?
Step Two (2)
We give meaning to the stimulus.(What’s our interpretation or perception of the stimulus?)
What makes human being so different from one another?
We don’t all interpret stimuli the same……
What’s your perception of the following stimuli?
Step Three (3)
Emotional Response (Are you indifferent, sad, anxious, scared, happy?)
The emotion you feel depends on your interpretation (perception) of the stimulus.
Examples?
Step Four (4)
Your brain immediately releases chemicals (neurotransmitters)
in response to the emotion(dopamine, endorphins, serotonin, acetylcholine, epinephrine...)
This chemical release is necessary in order to trigger the physiological changes that will follow….
The amount released is relative to the intensity of the emotion. Re-uptake of the neurotransmitter occurs after the release.
Step Five (5)
A physiological response results from the release of neurotransmitters(heart rate, breathing, muscle tension, salivation, relaxation, etc…)
Keep in mind that the physiological response is not directly in your control!
Step Six (6)
A behavioral response occurs(running, thinking, speaking, moving, lifting, eating, laughing, yelling,
whispering, grinning, squinting, turning, flinching, etc.…)
Even though you may not be able to control your physiological response in step 5, your behavioral
response is often a matter of choice.
Step Seven (7)
Outcome
Do you respond to the stimulus effectively?
Let’s look at the example in your packet
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a sense of urgency.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a sense of urgency.
CHEMICAL 4. Mary’s adrenal glands release a small bit of adrenaline RELEASE and cortisone; her brain releases a small bit of endorphins.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a sense of urgency.
CHEMICAL 4. Mary’s adrenal glands release a small bit of adrenaline RELEASE and cortisone; her brain releases a small bit of endorphins.
PHYSIO- 5. Mary’s muscles become tense and heart speeds up a LOGICAL small bit in response to the release of neurotransmittersRESPONSE
.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a sense of urgency.
CHEMICAL 4. Mary’s adrenaline glands release a small bit of adrenaline RELEASE and cortisone; her brain releases a small bit of endorphins.
PHYSIO- 5. Mary’s muscles become tense and heart speeds up a LOGICAL small bit in response to the release of neurotransmittersRESPONSE
BEHAVIOR 6. Mary raises her right foot from the gas pedal and switches RESPONSE over to the brake. She focusses on the light and intersection.
STIMULUS 1. Mary is driving and sees the light ahead turn yellow.
MEANING 2. Mary determines that the yellow light means she has to prepare to stop.
EMOTION 3. Mary feels a bit anxious and a sense of urgency.
CHEMICAL 4. Mary’s adrenaline glands release a small bit of adrenaline RELEASE and cortisone; her brain releases a small bit of endorphins.
PHYSIO- 5. Mary’s muscles become tense and heart speeds up a LOGICAL small bit in response to the release of neurotransmittersRESPONSE
BEHAVIOR 6. Mary raises her right foot from the gas pedal and switches RESPONSE over to the brake. She focusses on the light and intersection.
OUTCOME 7. Mary successfully stops at the red light.
As a class:
Jennifer is in English class. She has 20 minutes to complete an activity with the use of a Chrome Book. She takes one of the Chrome Books made available by the teacher and turns it on then waits for everything to load. When the log in screen appears she enters her user name and password then clicks enter. Nothing happens. She clicks again. Nothing happens. She figures that everything didn’t load properly. She becomes a bit anxious and annoyed. Her chest tightens and fills with a larger amount of air than usual. But, she’s pretty sure she knows what to do. She presses control-alt-delete simultaneously to re-start the computer, waits a few moments for everything to re-load, then enters her credentials again. Just as she had hoped, she was able to get logged on and was able to begin her work.
Number the series of events (1-7) as they follow the order of the mental health process.
____Jennifer gets logged on and is able to begin her work
____Jennifer feels her chest tighten and fills with a big breath of air
____Jennifer feels a bit anxious and annoyed
____Jennifer brain releases a neurotransmitter in response to her anxiousness and annoyance
____Jennifer figures everything didn’t load properly
____Jennifer clicks enter after logging on and nothing happens
____Jennifer re-starts the computer
On your own:
Complete the example for the tardy bell ringing..
1. Emotions are experienced during step ______ and expressed during step _____.
Emotions and their Significance Match each emotion to its description
Six Basic Emotions:
2._____Sadness3._____Anger4._____Scared5._____Happiness6._____Indifference7._____Compassion
a. An emotion that most often arises when one has a need that is not met or that has been violated. Related emotions are frustration, bitterness, resentment, jealousy, livid.b. An emotion most often arising when one relates to the needs of others and aims to care for others in a nurturing, caring manner. Related emotions are affection, empathy, sympathy.c. An emotion experienced when one perceives that s/he is being threatened. Related emotions are fear, timid, shy, terror, dread, horror, fright, anxiety, and forebodingd. The lack of an overt emotional response to a stimulus. The stimulus doesn’t impact the person in a manner that elicits an observable emotion.e. An emotion that allows internal grief to surface. A person has lost something, is missing something, or feels rejected. Related emotions
are despair, forlorn, misery, anguish, gloom, dejected, despondent, and unhappy.f. A person feels this emotion when his/her needs are being met or s/he is pleased with the outcome of an event. Related emotions are content, glad, joyful, cheerful, glee, bliss, delight.
Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons:
1. effective non verbal and verbal communication
Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons:
1. effective non verbal and verbal communication 2. build healthy relationships
Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons:
1. effective non verbal and verbal communication 2. build healthy relationships 3. for the safety of yourself and others
Emotions and their Significance
Emotions are important for four reasons:
1. effective non verbal and verbal communication 2. build healthy relationships 3. for the safety of yourself and others 4. self-awareness
Place the following modes of communication in order for most reliable to least reliable means of determining the emotion someone is experiencing:
words Tone of voice actionsFacial expressions
10. What do you predict would happen if step 3 of the 7 step process ceased to exist?
Emotional Intelligence
What is it?
The capacity of a person tounderstand himself and others
in a manner that fosters trust and respect in relationships.
Emotional Intelligence
Why is it important?
Emotional intelligence leads topositive outcomes in personal,
family, and careerrelationships.
Stress
What’s your opinion?What is stress?
How can stress be helpful?
How can it be harmful?
How has stress impacted you?
What’s your opinion?What is stress? Our response to a stimulus that we perceive as being demanding or threatening.
How can stress be helpful?
How can it be harmful?
How has stress impacted you?
What’s your opinion?What is stress? Our response to a stimulus that we perceive as being demanding or threatening.
How can stress be helpful?It helps us perform, meet the demands of life, and protect ourselves
How can it be harmful?
How has stress impacted you?
What’s your opinion?What is stress? Our response to a stimulus that we perceive as being demanding or threatening.How can stress be helpful?It helps us perform, meet the demands of life, and protect ourselves
How can it be harmful?Too many threats or demands in our lives at one time can overwhelm us physically and mentally.
How has stress impacted you?
What’s your opinion?What is stress? Our response to a stimulus that we perceive as being demanding or threatening.How can stress be helpful?It helps us perform, meet the demands of life, and protect ourselves
How can it be harmful?Too many threats or demands in our lives at one time can overwhelm us physically and mentally.
How has stress impacted you?
The 7 Steps Apply
1. Stimulus (stressor)
2. You interpret the stimulus as either:
a. Demanding (You’re required to confront or avoid)
b. Threatening (You’re required to fight or flee)
3. Emotional response
a. anxiety (if stressor is demanding)
b. fear (if stressor is threatening)
4. Brain releases:
a. endorphins (natural pain killer)
Adrenal glands release:
a. cortisone (inhibits swelling/inflammation)
b. adrenaline (activates an increase in power/energy)
5. Physiological response:
a. Heart rate respiration sweat production muscle tension
blood sugar, hyper alertness, constriction or dilation of blood vessels
6. Behavioral response:
a. fight (do you confront/face the stressor head on?)
b. flight (do you flee/avoid the stressor?)
7. Outcome: Do you survive or perform?
The pituitary and hypothalamus glands of the brain are the primary
releasers of endorphins.
Cortex releasescortisol, also known
as cortisone.
The medullareleases
norepinephrine, also known of asadrenaline
In a modern/industrialized world, most stressors we face are of the demanding type.
In a war-torn or less civilized area a higher percentage of
stressors that peopleface are threatening.
How Do I Reduce my
Stressors?
(remember the 4 P’s…..)
1. Change your Perspective
Try to change the way you view situations (step 2) that you usually perceive to be threatening or demanding.
4 P’s of Stress Management
2. Begin to Prioritize
4 P’s of Stress Management
If you are facing many demands, take care of the most important demands first. You may think of them in terms of “A”, “B”,
and “C” priorities.
My priorities today:
A – study for Monday’s quiz
A – babysit at 6:00 for the neighbors
B – take a shower tonight
B – watch my favorite show at 9:00C – check my facebook site for messagesC – load some new pictures to facebook
3. Purge some of the stressors from your life.
4 P’s of Stress Management
Are there any stressors that you can get rid of?
4. Plan out a strategy for managing your daily stressors.
4 P’s of Stress Management
Make check lists, set an alarm to remind yourself of important timelines, keep a calendar with you to record commitments, plan out segments of time
during the day.
Defense Mechanisms
What are they?Why do people use them?
What? Defense mechanisms occur when we subconsciously use protective thoughts or behaviors during the behavioral response.
Why? We use defense mechanism when we are afraid of people, situations, or things.
Defense mechanisms can be:
1. Harmful, because they keep a
person from learning how to
accept the reality of a situation and/or
express emotions.
2. A typical response a person has
to an emotion/issue he is not
prepared to handle.
Denial
Refusing to accept and address the reality of the
situation.
Denial
“I don’t have a drinking problem”
(when the reality is that drinking is causing many problems in the
person’s life and relationships…..)
Denial
“I didn’t do it!”(when the reality is that the person
did do it and is afraid to face the consequences…..)
Denial
“Not My Son!”(The reality is that the person’s son
was involved in an illegal incident along with his friends but when confronted about it the parent
refuses to believe it…..)
Rationalization
Creating excuses for a situation instead of
admitting the reality of the situation.
Rationalization
“The reason I drink is because of my stressful
job!”(when the reality is that the person’s drinking would be a problem even if
the person was laid off or unemployed)
Rationalization
“I failed the test because the teacher didn’t tell us
there was one.”(when the reality is that the person
knew about the test but didn’t study/or understand the material)
Rationalization“I didn’t make the team because
I was sick the day I tried out”
(The reality is that the person’s skills still wouldn’t have been good enough to make
the team even if he hadn’t been sick on the day of tryouts.)
Displacement
Redirecting your response to a situation toward
someone who was totally uninvolved with the
situation.
Displacement
“Get out of my way!”
(Directing anger toward someone walking by you when you’re angry
with someone else)
Displacement
“I love you sweety!”(Someone just made you feel very
happy but you don’t feel comfortable responding to them
so you express your delight toward the next friend you see)
Displacement
“You’re always on my case. Leave me alone!”(The person is mad about how friends are treating him/her but
takes it out on a parent who reminds him that it’s time to do his
homework.)
Repression
Not allowing yourself to remember or think about a previous traumatic life
event.
Repression
The person was abused as a youngster but has
no memory of it.
Repression
As a youngster a person witnessed a murder but has no recollection of it.
Regression
Dealing with a situation with immature, childlike behavior instead of age-appropriate
behavior.
Regression
Ex. A teenager reverts to baby talk when talking to
an intimidating adult
Regression
Ex. A potty-trained toddler begins wetting his pants
and needing a diaper when a new baby comes
home.
Regression
Ex. Dad acts like one of the kids when trouble happens instead of
addressing the issue as the parent.
Avoidance
Staying away from a situation that causes you
to feel threatened or uncomfortable.
Avoidance
Phone rings: “If it’s Jim tell him
I’m not here”
(the reality is that the person doesn’t feel comfortable
talking to Jim)
Avoidance
Ex: You did something wrong that made
someone mad and now you stay away from the
person.
Avoidance
Ex: You don’t come to school because you’re
scared to have to give a presentation.
Reaction Formation
Expressing an emotion you’re comfortable
showing people rather than the one you’re truly
feeling.
Reaction Formation
“That’s so funny!”(The reality is that you’re
really upset at how someone’s being treated by a bully but laugh so that you
don’t get picked on, too)
Reaction Formation
“It’s no big deal”
(You act indifferent when the reality is that you’re really scared/worried about the situation)
Reaction Formation
Ex: You’re really nervous about a situation to the point of being petrified
but you crack up laughing about it.
Compensation
Making up for a situation you feel guilty about or
that you failed at.
Compensation
“Pick out anything you want, honey”
(A parent feels guilty about not spending time with his child so buys him whatever he wants)
Compensation
“You look great!” (A girl feels guilty for talking behind someone’s back so
gives the person a compliment next time she sees the person)
Compensation
“Hey, did you hear the one about….?”hee hee
(A kid feels everyone must think he’s dumb since he has no clue what’s going on in math class so instead he gets positive attention
during class by telling jokes)
Projection
Labeling someone to be the same as you when you’re uncomfortable with your
label and need to feel that you’re not alone.
Projection
“You are so fat!”(The reality is that a person
views herself as fat and feels better about herself
when she tells other people that they are fat.)
Projection
“You are beautiful!”
A girl feels so good about her own looks that she wants others to feel the
same way.
Projection
“I know you’re cheating on me!”
(the reality is that the accuser is the one who’s cheating and accuses his partner of
cheating in order to feel better about himself)
Projection
“You will never amount to anything!”
(the reality is the person delivering this message feels like a “loser” and wants the
other person to feel the same way, too.