Mental & Emotional Mental & Emotional HealthHealth

Mental DisordersMental Disorders

Lesson 1Lesson 1

What are Mental Disorders???What are Mental Disorders???

They are an illness of the mind that They are an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person.behaviors of a person.

It can prevent someone from leading It can prevent someone from leading a happy, healthful and productive a happy, healthful and productive life.life.

40% of homeless 40% of homeless people suffer from people suffer from some type of MD.some type of MD.

Types of MD’s Types of MD’s

Anxiety DisorderAnxiety Disorder A condition in which real or imagined A condition in which real or imagined

fears are difficult to control.fears are difficult to control.Characteristics:Characteristics: Chronic fear, Chronic fear, avoidance issues are avoidance issues are the main issues for the main issues for this disorder.this disorder.

4 Main Classifications of 4 Main Classifications of Anxiety DisorderAnxiety Disorder

1.1. PhobiaPhobia

2.2. Obsessive CompulsiveObsessive Compulsive

3.3. Panic DisordersPanic Disorders

4.4. Post Traumatic StressPost Traumatic Stress

PhobiaPhobiaIs a strong irrational fear of something Is a strong irrational fear of something

specific.specific.

Some common PhobiasSome common Phobias

1.1. Acrophobia- Fear of heights. Acrophobia- Fear of heights.

2.2. Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded ones.of being in crowded ones.

3.3. Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders.

4.4. Aquaphobia –Fear of water.Aquaphobia –Fear of water.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

Signs & Symptoms=People with OCD may be Signs & Symptoms=People with OCD may be plagued by persistent, unwelcome thoughts plagued by persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images, or by the urgent need to engage or images, or by the urgent need to engage in certain rituals.in certain rituals.

Ex.=obsessed with germs Ex.=obsessed with germs

or dirt, and wash their hands or dirt, and wash their hands

over and over. over and over.

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

is a condition characterized by reoccurring panic attacks in combination with significant behavioral

change or at least a month of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks.

Symptoms=rapid heartbeat, Symptoms=rapid heartbeat, perspiration, dizziness, trembling, perspiration, dizziness, trembling, psychological experience of psychological experience of uncontrollable fearuncontrollable fear

Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(PTSD)

Is a condition that may develop after Is a condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm.threatened or caused physical harm.

Symptoms=Symptoms= Flashbacks, or reliving the traumatic event Flashbacks, or reliving the traumatic event

for minutes or even days at a time for minutes or even days at a time Shame or guilt Shame or guilt Upsetting dreams about Upsetting dreams about the traumatic event the traumatic event Ex. Causing PTSD-Assault, Ex. Causing PTSD-Assault, rape, earthquake, bombing, rape, earthquake, bombing, planes crashes, military combatplanes crashes, military combat

Mood DisordersMood DisordersClinical DepressionClinical DepressionDepressive disorders range in Depressive disorders range in seriousness from mild, temporary seriousness from mild, temporary episodes of sadness to severe, persistent episodes of sadness to severe, persistent depression.depression.

Signs and symptoms may include:Signs and symptoms may include: Loss of interest in daily activities Loss of interest in daily activities Persistent sadness or feeling of emptiness Persistent sadness or feeling of emptiness Sleep disturbances Sleep disturbances Significant weight loss or gain Significant weight loss or gain Loss of concentration Loss of concentration Fatigue Fatigue Suicidal thoughts or behavior Suicidal thoughts or behavior

Bipolar DisorderBipolar DisorderAlso known as Manic depressive disorder.Also known as Manic depressive disorder.

Manic phaseManic phaseFor many people, signs and symptoms in the manic For many people, signs and symptoms in the manic phase may include:phase may include:

Feelings of euphoria, extreme optimism and inflated Feelings of euphoria, extreme optimism and inflated self-esteem self-esteem

Rapid speech, racing thoughts, agitation and increased Rapid speech, racing thoughts, agitation and increased physical activity physical activity

Poor judgment Poor judgment Recklessness or taking chances not normally taken Recklessness or taking chances not normally taken Difficulty sleeping Difficulty sleeping Tendency to be easily distracted Tendency to be easily distracted Inability to concentrate Inability to concentrate Aggressive behavior Aggressive behavior

Bipolar Disorder continued……Bipolar Disorder continued……

Depressive phaseDepressive phaseIn the depressive phase, signs and In the depressive phase, signs and symptoms include:symptoms include:

Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt or hopelessness guilt or hopelessness

Disturbances in sleep and appetite Disturbances in sleep and appetite Fatigue and loss of interest in daily Fatigue and loss of interest in daily

activities activities Problems concentrating Problems concentrating Irritability Irritability Chronic pain without a known cause Chronic pain without a known cause Recurring thoughts of suicide Recurring thoughts of suicide

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

An An eating disordereating disorder is a complex is a complex compulsion to eat, or not eat, in a compulsion to eat, or not eat, in a way which disturbs physical and way which disturbs physical and mental health. mental health.

2 Major Types of ED’s2 Major Types of ED’s

1.1. Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa is a psychiatric is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes an eating disorder diagnosis that describes an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and body characterized by low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight.gaining weight.

Individuals with anorexia often Individuals with anorexia often

control body weight by voluntary control body weight by voluntary

starvation, purging, vomiting, excessivestarvation, purging, vomiting, excessive

exercise, or other weight control exercise, or other weight control

measures, such as diet pills or diuretic drugs.measures, such as diet pills or diuretic drugs.

2. 2. Bulimia nervosaBulimia nervosa

It is a psychological condition in which the subject engages in recurrent binge eating followed by intentional purging.

This purging is done in order to compensate for the excessive intake of food, usually to prevent weight gain. Purging can take the form of vomiting; inappropriate use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics

Conduct DisorderConduct Disorder

A pattern of behavior in A pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or which the rights of others or basic social rules are violatedbasic social rules are violatedEx. Lying, theft, aggression, violence, Ex. Lying, theft, aggression, violence,

truancy, arson, and truancy, arson, and vandalism.vandalism.

Although these people project an image Although these people project an image of toughness it is usually caused by a of toughness it is usually caused by a sense of Low-self esteemsense of Low-self esteem

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a chronic and often debilitating mental is a chronic and often debilitating mental

illness. The condition can cause you to illness. The condition can cause you to withdraw from the people and activities in withdraw from the people and activities in the world around you and to retreat into a the world around you and to retreat into a world of delusions or separate realityworld of delusions or separate reality

SymptomsSymptoms Delusions — personal Delusions — personal beliefs not based in reality, beliefs not based in reality, such as paranoia that such as paranoia that you're being persecuted or you're being persecuted or conspired against conspired against

Bizarre delusions — for Bizarre delusions — for example, a belief in example, a belief in Martians controlling your Martians controlling your thoughts thoughts

Hallucinations — sensing Hallucinations — sensing things that don't exist, things that don't exist, such as imaginary voices such as imaginary voices

Social isolationSocial isolation

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders1.1. Antisocial PDAntisocial PD=is a psychiatric condition =is a psychiatric condition

characterized by an individual's common disregard characterized by an individual's common disregard for social rules, norms, and cultural codes, as well for social rules, norms, and cultural codes, as well as impulsive behavior, and indifference to the as impulsive behavior, and indifference to the rights and feelings of others. rights and feelings of others. Impulsiveness, Impulsiveness, Lack of remorse for hurting others, aggressiveLack of remorse for hurting others, aggressive

2.2. Borderline PDBorderline PD=experience a series of troubled =experience a series of troubled relationships. Engage in high risk activities, and have relationships. Engage in high risk activities, and have low self-esteem.low self-esteem.

3.3. Passive-aggressive Passive-aggressive PD=Uncooperative, resists PD=Uncooperative, resists being told what to do, yet rely on other directions.being told what to do, yet rely on other directions.

For example, people who are P-A might take so long to get For example, people who are P-A might take so long to get ready for a party they do not wish to attend, that the ready for a party they do not wish to attend, that the party is nearly over by the time they arrive.party is nearly over by the time they arrive.

Discussion GroupsDiscussion Groups

1.1. List some reason why eating List some reason why eating disorders affect females more so disorders affect females more so than males. than males.

Body shapes-Body shapes-2. Myth or Fact2. Myth or FactThe lives of people with Mental Illness The lives of people with Mental Illness

lives are completely different than lives are completely different than others.others.

Explain/List Explain/List