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Rabat Workshop June 11-12, 2009 - MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program
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MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power
Scale-up Program
Joint Workshop of the World Bank Group
and the African Development Bank
Workshop Proceedings
11-12 June 2009
Hotel Tour Hassan
Rabat, Morocco
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Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
Purpose
The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program is a global knowledge and technical
assistance partnership administered by the World Bank and sponsored by bilateral official
donors since 1983. ESMAP’s mission is to assist clients from low-income, emerging, and
transition economies to secure energy requirements for equitable economic growth and
poverty reduction in an environmentally sustainable way.
ESMAP follows a three-pronged approach to achieve its mission: think tank/horizon-
scanning, operational leveraging, and knowledge clearinghouse (knowledge generation
and dissemination, training and learning events, workshops and seminars, conferences
and roundtables, website, newsletter, and publications) functions. ESMAP activities are
executed by its clients and/or by World Bank staff.
ESMAP’s work focuses on three global thematic energy challenges:
- Expanding energy access for poverty reduction;
- Enhancing energy efficiency for energy secure economic growth, and
- Deploying renewable energy systems for a low carbon global economy.
Governance and Operations
ESMAP is governed and funded by a Consultative Group (CG) composed of
representatives of Australia, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, the
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the U.N. Foundation, and the World
Bank. The ESMAP CG is chaired by a World Bank Vice President and advised by a
Technical Advisory Group of independent energy experts that reviews the Program’s
strategic agenda, work plan, and achievements. ESMAP relies on a cadre of engineers,
energy planners, and economists from the World Bank, and from the energy and
development community at large, to conduct its activities.
Further Information
For further information or copies of project reports, please visit www.esmap.org. ESMAP
can also be reached by email at [email protected] or by mail at:
ESMAP
c/o Energy, Transport, and Water Department
The World Bank Group
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433, USA
Tel.: 202-473-4594; Fax: 202-522-3018
Rabat Workshop June 11-12, 2009 - MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program
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Copyright © 2009
The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/THE WORLD BANK GROUP
1818 H Street NW
Washington, DC 20433 USA
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing November 2008
ESMAP Reports are published to communicate the results of ESMAP’s work to the
development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of the paper
therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal
documents. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not
readily available.
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of
the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its
affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the
countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any
consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, other information
shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any
judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such
boundaries.
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce
portions of it should be sent to the ESMAP Manager at the address shown in the
copyright notice above. ESMAP encourages dissemination of its work and will normally
give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes,
without asking a fee.
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Acknowledgments
The organization of the Rabat Workshop was made possible with financial and technical
support of World Bank MENA Energy Unit and ESMAP. The workshop would not have
been possible without the tremendous efforts of Roger Coma-Cunill, Philippe Roos,
Mohab Hallouda, Laila Kotb, and Khadija Sebbata, who helped with all the logistical and
travel arrangements. The organization was led by Chandrasekar Govindarajalu and Silvia
Pariente-David. The proceedings were prepared by Roger Coma-Cunill and Jonathan
d’Entremont Coony, with inputs from Chandrasekar Govindarajalu. The organizers
would like to express their gratitude to Jonathan Walters, Manager, World Bank MENA
Energy and Transport Unit for his support and leadership and sincerely thank all the
participants for attending the workshop and contributing to the discussions.
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Table of Abbreviations
AfDB African Development Bank
CCGT Combined cycle gas turbine
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CSP Concentrated Solar Power
CTF Clean Technology Fund
ELMED ELectricité MEDiterranéenne project
EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction
EU European Union
GEF Global Environment Facility
GHG Greenhouse gas
GW Gigawatt
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
ICO Instituto de Crédito Oficial
IP Investment Plan
MDB Multilateral Development Bank
MENA Middle East and North Africa
MW Megawatt
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PV Photovoltaics
TWh Terawatt hour
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Table of Contents
ESMAP Presentation .........................................................................................................2
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................4
Table of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................5
Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................6
Introduction ........................................................................................................................7
Presentations ......................................................................................................................8
Key Issues .........................................................................................................................15
Next Steps .........................................................................................................................17
Annexes .............................................................................................................................18
Annex 1 - Workshop Agenda .........................................................................................18
Annex 2 - Participant List ..............................................................................................21
Annex 3 - Country Presentations ...................................................................................23
Annex 4 - Concept Note on Regional CSP Scale-up program .......................................79
Annex 5 - Outline of Investment Plan to submit to CTF Trust Fund Committee ..........80
Annex 6 - Workshop pictures .........................................................................................82
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Introduction
The MENA region provides optimal conditions for the development of CSP
technology at scale, e.g. plentiful of solar resources and existence of vasts amounts of
unused flat land close to road networks and transmission grids. The World Bank Group
and the African Development Bank, in collaboration with other donors, are launching a
program to scale-up CSP in the region up to 1 GW over 6-8 years in 8-10 sizeable
projects. CSP deployment on this scale would bring substantial advantages to
participating countries: meet rapidly growing power demand, reduce dependence on
fossil fuels for electricity generation, lower carbon footprint, and promote job creation
and economic development through increased opportunities for local manufacturing and
technology transfer in this area.
Concessional funds from the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) managed by the
World Bank could be available to finance a significant part of future CSP projects in the
region. On May 11th
2009, the Trust Fund Committee of the Clean Technology Fund
(CTF) endorsed a Concept Note for a CSP scale-up program in the MENA region that
estimated the cost at about US$ 4-6 billion including about $750 million of CTF soft
loans.1
The World Bank Group and the African Development Bank invited Government
stakeholders in the region at this workshop to review the opportunities and challenges for
CSP scale-up in the region. 40 participants from 6 countries2 attended the workshop,
including government officials and public utility representatives from the countries,
independent experts, regional organizations3 and multilateral development banks.
4 A list
of potential beneficiary projects in the range of amount 965 MW-1015 MW was
compiled based on government representatives’ workshop presentations and information
gathered by independent experts.
These proceedings summarize the presentations made, main issues discussed and
next steps to facilitate the scale-up of CSP projects in the MENA region.
1 The Concept Note endorsement is a first stage in the process of obtaining the requested funds. As the
next step, an Investment Plan (IP) will be prepared and submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee by late
2009. Based on the IP, the Trust Fund Committee will endorse preparation of projects under the CSP Scale-
up Program in the MENA region. 2 Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, and Malta
3 Arab Maghreb Union (UMA)
4 World Bank Group and African Development Bank
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Presentations
Welcome Address – Françoise Clottes, Country Manager, World Bank; Hela
Cheikhrouhou, Division Manager, African Development Bank.
Both speakers highlighted the CSP’s potential for countries in the region to
provide much-needed electricity, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, foster economic
development and promote job creation through local manufacturing, installation and
operation of new CSP plants. Both Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) also
expressed a realistic assessment of the challenges to successful development, financing
and construction of such plants. At the same time, they recognized the benefits of
potential CTF funding as a catalyst for CSP in the region and strongly expressed their
organizations’ desire to support scale-up efforts through assisting project development
and, ultimately, co-financing of the plants.
The MENA Regional Scale-up Program – Chandrasekar Govindarajalu,
Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank
There are several reasons that make the Regional CSP Scale-up Program
attractive for the MENA region: unexploited economies of scale in technology
production, optimal physical conditions for solar energy in terms of high direct normal
solar radiation, utility friendly technology, growing importance of renewable energy in
the region, and source of revenues due to export potential. The first CSP projects in the
region are currently under implementation in Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria. High initial
capital costs –between $4,000 and $6,000/kW are a significant barrier to investment.
Costs are expected to be reduced significantly in the near future due to economies of
scale. Investment can be financially attractive with the contribution of concessional
financing, e.g. CTF. The Regional CSP Scale-up Program proposes to scale-up CSP in
the region, with the contribution of CTF concessional financing, to 1 GW over 6-8 years
in 8-10 sizeable projects of around 100 MW each.
Technical Aspects of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) – Wolfgang
Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany
There has been a renewed interest in CSP over the last decades driven primarily
by feed-in tariffs and other support schemes in Spain and the United States, where new
plants have been and continue to be constructed. There are four different versions of the
technology: Parabolic Trough, Tower, Fresnel, and Dish-Stirling. Trough technology
currently has the most attractive mix of cost and performance, and makes up the large
majority of plants recently built or now under development. Several factors suggest that
CSP can substantially reduce costs and improve performance in the coming years. One,
technical improvements can be realized in certain components, notably the absorption
tubes, the mirrors and the heat transfer fluid. Two, economies-of-scale in manufacturing
responding to increased global demand can reduce costs. Three, increased demand could
induce new entrants for all components systems, breaking up existing oligopolies (e.g., in
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absorption tubes and heat transfer fluid) with a resultant decrease in prices. At the same
time, technical challenges remain. Very few commercial scale plants have been built and
the hours of CSP operating performance are very low in comparison to fossil-based
technologies, e.g. CCGTs as well as other renewables, e.g., wind turbines. In fact, no
commercial-scale CSP plants have ever been built in the MENA region although there
are two plants under construction in Morocco and Egypt with capacities of 20 MW, tied
to much larger gas-fired combined cycle plants. A third plant of 25 MW is under
development in Algeria.
One potential area for technical improvement is storage which would allow plants
to store thermal energy during the daylight hours and thus continue to produce electricity
during evening and night hours. This is particularly important for plants in the MENA
region because peak demand is often in the evening hours – from 9:00 to 11:00 pm –
when the sun has gone down. Storage is being used in some Spanish CSP plants with a
capacity of 7 hours utilizing molten salt thermal storage tanks. However, as of now this
technology has still not been widely deployed in existing plants and will increase both
capital cost ($/kW) and, likely, levelized cost of generation ($/MWh).
Another area for potential technical improvement relates to lack of water
availability. Preferably, an available source of water is needed for cooling in the steam
loop and the water requirements are comparable to conventional plants. In areas with
limited water resources, the steam can be air-cooled, lowering overall system water
requirements by 90%. However, this can raise investment costs by 4-6% and, along with
decreased efficiencies, increase total levelized cost of electricity by 10% compared to
CSP plants that do have access to available water. Alternatively, for plants located near
the ocean, needed fresh water could be produced through desalination. This can be
achieved by using waste heat and some electricity in a Multiple Effect Desalination
(MED) process or just through use of electricity in Reverse Osmosis (RO).
Policy and Financing aspects of CSP – Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute,
Germany
CSP is more expensive than conventional energy sources and other renewable
sources on a $/MWh basis. There are a number of ways to address the issue of cost-
competitiveness of CSP. One is to consider CSP as a technology on the cusp of true
commercialization and resulting mass manufacture. Support for the first wave of plants
would play a catalytic role in a cost reduction process, which would lead to greater
competitiveness for CSP. Only by supporting technologies which show promise for cost
reductions can more advanced options be developed that are both environmentally
cleaner and economically competitive with fossil-based options that currently dominate
nearly all power systems around the world.
Another issue to consider in regard to cost is the fallacy of using levelized cost (in
$/MWh) as the sole point of cost comparison. Placing CSP within a complete utility
generating portfolio can make it much more attractive than placing side-by-side with
another technology in isolation. The portfolio of generating plants for any utility system
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must meet a demand profile that fluctuates throughout the day and throughout the year.
In general, plants with high capital cost and low operating cost, e.g., coal or nuclear
plants run more or less constantly to meet baseload demand while plants with low capital
cost and high operating cost, e.g., simple-cycle gas turbines run much less frequently to
meet peak demand. In addition, reliability and dispatchability of plants is a key concern,
and plants without these traits require back-up power which adds to the overall system
cost. The proper portfolio of plants is constructed to minimize overall cost to the system
to meet a given demand profile, and thus comparing one plant to another strictly on
levelized cost of generation can be misleading. CSP has the advantage of producing a
generation profile that largely matches that of most demand profiles, except perhaps in
systems characterized by a sharp evening peak. In other words, it generates during the
day and early evening when demand is highest and therefore value of electricity is
highest. In addition, CSP generation is substantially more predictable than that of many
other renewables, such as wind and a great deal of hydro. This allows utility operators to
dispatch CSP more or less when needed and thus reduces the cost of back-up power that
more intermittent generation requires.
Given the support for CSP within potential host countries and the MDBs and the
technology’s current high costs vis-à-vis alternatives, where will the financing come from
for the first wave of plants in MENA? It is estimated that 50% of the financing package
could come from traditional financing sources of the type used to construct conventional
power plants and 50% would have to come as soft loans, grants or other support schemes
motivated by CSP’s cleaner and less fossil-dependent traits.
Four sources were identified for the soft loans and grants. One, CTF funds or
other low-cost financing from the MDBs or bilateral aid agencies. Certainly, CTF is a
good possibility taking into account the CTF Trust Fund Committee endorsement of the
Concept Note for Regional CSP Scale-up on May 11th
2009 (see document in Annex 4).
However, the CTF can only provide part of the concessional funds required (say around
10-15% of the total program costs). Secondly, support schemes launched for CSP -and
other renewables- by the host governments could be helpful. This could come in the
form of feed-in tariffs, portfolio standards, direct financing or various tax incentives.
Third, financing could be obtained through sale of CSP-generated power to countries in
the European Union (EU). The MENA CSP scale-up has strong synergy with the
Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP) whose vision is to use the world-class solar resources in
the southern Mediterranean region to meet growing electricity needs of the entire
Mediterranean Basin. There are currently great opportunities to link large-scale CSP
generation through reinforced transmission grids to demand centers of the Mediterranean
region, both in the North and the South. Sales of electricity from CSP generation to EU
countries through PPAs or other contractual means could be a key tool for attracting up-
front financing from private or other sources. A final source of financing for the CSP
plants could come from carbon financing. Generation of emission credits through CDM -
or its successor mechanism- could be used as a reliable revenue source to attract
financing.
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The MENA Regional Energy Market Integration – Silvia Pariente-David,
Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank, Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, Senior
Energy Specialist, ESMAP/World Bank; Youssef Arfaoui, Energy Expert, African
Development Bank
There are several benefits for the MENA regional energy integration: enhanced
energy security, export potential from natural resources, optimized use of infrastructure
and more efficient dispatch of power plants, investment catalyst for generation and
transmission, supply mix diversification, economies-of-scale on generating plants serving
multiple markets, better framework to implement market competition leading to lower
electricity supply costs, and facilitation of the development of regional scale energy
companies that can compete on the biggest stage. The region’s strong yet untapped
renewable resources, the heterogeneity of energy supply across the countries, and the
moderate size of target countries all make increased integration a primary driver and
enabler for CSP development. The development of new CSP plants must be seen in a
regional, rather than country-by-country context. Enhanced interconnections with the EU
market are an important factor taking into account the interest from EU countries in
importing substantial amounts of CSP-generated electricity at attractive prices.
Libya country presentation – Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman,
Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL)
Libya has a huge solar potential, around 140,000 TWh/year. The country’s
forecasted power demand for 2020 is 109 TWh/year and expects to produce 22 TWh/year
from CSP by 2050. From a domestic perspective, desalination of water using power from
CSP plants is a priority. The government is currently considering several financing
options for the interconnection between Libya and Italy and will take a decision after the
feasibility study has been finalized. Libya has had preliminary talks with EU countries to
explore possibilities for exporting power to the EU. However, this option will not be
possible before 2016-2017 when the interconnections between Libya and Italy or
between Tunisia and Italy are operational. Libya has developed a mid-term plan 2008-
2012 to promote renewable energies. Within this framework, Libya has carried out a
feasibility study to select a site for a 50-100 MW CSP plant. The country will follow a 2-
stage process: first, it will launch its first CSP Plant of 100 MW (joint venture with
Abengoa Solar) by early 2010, and later on, it will consider its potential for exporting
power to the EU.
Egypt country presentation– Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef, Vice Chairman, New
& Renewable Energy Authority (NREA)
The first CSP project is currently under implementation in Egypt. The project
consists of a 140 MW plant, but the capacity of the solar portion is 20 MW. The project’s
cost is $340 million and has received a $50 million GEF grant. Egypt’s long term plan is
to install 100 MW of CSP by 2017. The main barriers for CSP scale-up in the country
are: high capital upfront costs, lack of qualified staff, and the need to upgrade the national
grid. However, there have been recent positive trends that have raised interest for CSP in
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MENA countries, e.g. MSP, WB/CTF. Egypt will only consider support mechanisms
such as feed-in tariffs or other financing options after the implementation of its first pilot
CSP project, i.e. after 2010. For PV, for instance, the government provides direct support
to investors to stimulate local manufacturing of components, i.e. government pays 25%
of investment. Egypt is now going through its first experience with private sector
participation in a 250 MW wind project, where the private sector would finance,
implement and operate the plant and the government facilitates access to land and a
guaranteed PPA. This model might be an option to explore for CSP projects.
Morocco country presentation – Mr. Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre
de Dévéloppement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER); Mr. El Moussaoui, Head of
Department, Office National de l’Electricité (ONE)
There is a strong high-level political support to develop renewable energies in
Morocco, particularly solar and wind. By 2030, Morocco intends to obtain 2.6
Mtep/annum of savings in fossil fuels and create 25,000 jobs in the renewable energy
sector, and 15,000 in CSP only. The main limit for the expansion of renewables has been
the capacity of the network. Recently approved legislation on renewable energy allows
private investors to export power to Europe and allows private sector to build a parallel
network if required. Morocco excludes the use of feed-in-tariffs as a mechanism to
promote renewable energy. The long-term CSP goal is to achieve 1,000 MW of installed
capacity by 2030.
The Ain Beni Mathar project, currently under construction, is the first CSP project
in the country. The project consists of a combined cycle plant of 125 MW with an
integrated solar field of 20 MW and it is finance by AfDB, Spanish ICO funds, GEF and
ONE. Abengoa solar holds a 5-year maintenance contract.
Morocco gives particular importance to the interconnections with Spain –the 3rd
line is under consideration- and with neighboring countries because of its positive effects
on the stability of the network and for the possibility to expand renewable energy in the
country. CSP-based power is interesting for the country because its load curve’s
complementarity with wind power. The financing gap between CSP and other cheaper
sources of energy is high and cannot be borne only by MENA countries, other sources
must be found to have financially sound projects.
Malta country presentation – Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority
Malta relies entirely on imported fossil fuels, HFO and Gas oil for electricity
generation. Renewable energies represent a very small fraction –less than 1%- of the
total. Malta expects to have the interconnection with Sicily commissioned by 2013 –the
government will publish the tender by late 2009. The government provides incentives for
the take off of several renewable energies: PV, Micro wind and Solar water heaters in the
domestic sector and solar thermal applications in the industrial sector. Solar thermal
energy has been developed mainly by solar water heater installations, where Malta is
ahead of the EU average -64 kWh/1,000 inhabitants vs 21 kWh/1,000 inhabitants. Scale-
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up of solar power in North Africa, particularly in Tunisia, could be attractive in the future
for Malta to increase renewable energy sources in the supply.
Tunisia country presentation – Mr. Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable
Energies Department, Agence Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME) ;
Eng. Belhassen Chiboub, Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME
Tunisia aims at achieving 4% of total power consumption from renewable sources
in 2011 –from less than 1% at present. Renewable energies can provide 20% of energy
savings by 2030 –and 80% from energy efficiency measures. Tunisia has carried out a
pre-feasibility study for CSP, which has shown the high solar potential in the south of the
country (over 2,000 kWh/m²/year of direct normal irradiance). Solar energy is considered
suitable to meet peak demand in summer and 5 sites for the development of CSP projects
have been identified. A pilot project consisting of a 25 MW plant has been suggested and
the plant is expected to be commissioned by 2012-2013. The investment required is
estimated to be around €85 million and the production costs around €18.8 cents/kWh.
Tunisia is considering several financing options to promote renewables: state subsidies,
tax reductions, feed-in-tariffs, grants or concessional loans-the feasibility study for the
pilot project is still to be finalized. In addition, the interconnection between Tunisia and
Italy (ELMED project) will allow the export of 200 MW of renewable energy that could
partially or fully come from CSP. The interconnection has reserved 800 MW of capacity
for exporting power from the ELMED production pole to Italy. However, the energy
source used by the ELMED production pole is still under consideration. The
interconnection could provide access to the Italian and European markets of green
certificates to promote CSP development in Tunisia. Tunisia expects to sign PPA
contracts by 2011 and have the interconnection commissioned by 2015-2016.
Jordan country presentation – Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources
Expanding the development of renewable energies is one of the tools to achieve
the goals of the country’s Energy strategy 2007-2020: diversifying energy resources,
increasing the share of local resources in the total energy mix, reduce dependency on
imported oil, and enhancing environmental protection. Jordan aims at expanding the
contribution of renewables in the energy mix from 1% in 2007 to 10% in 2020. Jordan
has high potential for developing CSP: daily average solar radiation 5-7 kWh/m², and
estimated potential of 6,400 GWh annually for CSP. The government plans to launch a
CSP pilot demonstration project in the short and medium term –commissioning is
expected by early 2012- and it intends to develop an installed capacity from 300-600 MW
by 2020 of CSP, PV and hybrid power plants. Soft loans are a prerequisite for developing
the first commercial CSP plant in the country.
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The Clean Technology Fund – Mr. Rohit Khanna, Senior Operations Officer,
World Bank
CTF is a multi-donor trust fund –pledges of US$ 5 billion- that provides
incentives for scaled-up deployment and transfer of low carbon technologies with
significant potential for greenhouse gas emissions savings. CTF provides 2 types of
concessional financing depending on the nature of the project: softer concessional -40
year maturity, 10 year grace period and 0.25% service charge- and harder concessional -
20 year maturity, 10 year grace period and 0.75% service charge-. CTF funding must be
blended with sponsoring MDB, e.g. CTF financing was only 10-15% of total investment
in Egypt and Morocco CTF Investment Plans. The investment plan provides a notional
sense of the resource envelope. The concrete financing of individual projects is approved
on a later stage. The investment plan needs to demonstrate: evidence of country
ownership, additionality of CTF financing, co-benefits -especially related to sustainable
development and regional impact, strong enabling environment and proposed
regulatory/policy change, and strong role for private investment. The CTF Trust Fund
Committee will use the following criteria for assessing the proposed CSP Scale-up
program: potential for GHG emissions savings, cost-effectiveness, demonstration of
potential at scale –replicability potential, development impact, implementation potential –
appropriate institutional capacity to quickly move with projects, additional cost and risk
premium to demonstrate that CTF is needed to close the financing gap.
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Key Issues
This section summarizes the major issues addressed in regard to a successful CSP scale-
up in the MENA region.
Participating Countries’ Long-term and Project-specific Plans for CSP
There is strong interest among countries in the region to develop renewable
energy projects and in particular CSP projects. Six countries made presentations on how
CSP figures into both their immediate and long-term energy strategies. They discussed
how CSP helps them meet their energy objectives, including supply diversification and
increased renewable use. In addition, pipeline projects were also presented. Table 1
below provides a list of pipeline projects presented at the workshop as well as
information gathered from developers and experts. However, securing adequate
concessional financing and suitable policy conditions for power exports to Europe is
important to make CSP projects viable in the immediate term.
Table 1 - List of CSP Projects in pipeline
Country No. of Projects Location Capacity (MW)
Morocco 3 Tan Tan
Ain Beni Mathar
Ourzazate
15
125
100
Algeria5 3 NA 75
75
75
Tunisia 2 ELMED- Hauoria
(five sites identified)
200+
50
Libya 1 NA 50-100
Egypt 1 TBD 100
Jordan6 1 Maan Province 100
Total 965-1,015 MW
The typical time for launching a project is 18 months and engineering,
procurement and contracting (EPC) around 24 months. In total, from conception until
commissioning, a CSP project can take between 36-44 months. In other words, in the best
case scenario, it will take between 3-4 years for a CSP plant to begin operations from the
moment of conception.
5 Algeria did not participate in the workshop. The data was gathered by World bank consultants during a
visit to Algeria as part of joint mission with EC experts. 6 Jordan project is under early consideration by the private sector.
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Job Creation and Technology Transfer
Participants agreed about the importance to put forward solid arguments on the
net positive impacts of CSP investments on the local job markets in MENA countries.
Existing studies on the impact of renewables energies on the European job market
estimate that they could create around 400,000 net jobs by 2020. Participants from
MENA governments urged Multilateral Development Banks to support tailor-made
studies to assess the jobs created by CSP investments in MENA countries. Some
participants also noted that the CSP scale-up program can contribute to transform local
industries in the region by paving the way to the manufacture of CSP components in the
region. Capacity building for local experts in CSP plant operations is perceived by some
regional governments as a pre-requisite for CSP scale-up in the region.
Regional Energy Integration
Several presenters and participants discussed how the growing integration of
countries’ energy systems would boost the prospects for CSP. By sharing reserve
margins and creating larger portfolios of plants from which to dispatch, CSP can be more
easily integrated into utility systems. Integration of MENA country systems with EU
countries is also under serious consideration with numerous new transmission lines being
explored at the feasibility study stage. It was also noted that Mauritania should be invited
to be part of this initiative as it is a member of the Arab Maghreb Union.
State of Technology
Governments and industry are showing a renewed interest in CSP technology.
Spain and the US, with suitable natural resources combined with substantial government
support schemes, have been pioneers. CSP is now poised to achieve substantial cost
reductions by the economies of scale obtained through increased production of its
components required for the scale-up program. There are four types of CSP technology,
with different advantages and disadvantages. Parabolic trough is the most expanded and
mature technology, but requires high skill labor to produce some of its components.
Instead, Linear Fresnel has the largest possibilities for cost reduction but it is not mature
enough to develop at large scale. Storage options are generally in pre-commercialization
stage and require further testing.
Water use
Water availability is a problem in several of the MENA countries. CSP is a
technology that requires amounts of water comparable to any other fossil fuel power
plant. It is estimated that a plant with Parabolic trough technology in Spain producing
180 GWh/year requires 620,000 cubic meters of water -3.4 liters/kWh-, whereas a
conventional power plant –coal or natural gas- has an annual water consumption of 2.6
liters/kWh. Dry cooling systems reduce the water consumption down to 10 % of a wet
cooling, but raise investment by 4-6 % and increases levelized electricity cost by up to 10
Rabat Workshop June 11-12, 2009 - MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program
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%. The impact of the CSP program on water resources is to be examined in further
including possible role of water desalination as an option.
Cost-effectiveness and Financing Package
On a per unit basis ($/MWh), CSP is currently more expensive than fossil fuel
options and many renewable resources, e.g. wind. However, expected cost reductions
from scale-up will almost certainly narrow this gap. However, developing a robust
financing package will be a challenge as about 50% of the capital cost would need to
come from highly concessional financing sources such as the CTF and other sources of
financing.
Both the World Bank Group (WBG) and the African Development Bank (AfDB)
expressed their strong commitment with this program. While recognizing the technical,
regulatory and financial challenges, they offered their support in overcoming obstacles to
CSP development in MENA countries and ultimately the provision of financing for plant
construction
Next steps Participants agreed on the following road map:
- MENA countries’ focal points will prepare 2-page summaries of their CSP
projects under development. These summaries will inform the overall CSP
Investment Plan (IP) to be submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee for its
endorsement.
- The AfDB and the WBG will work together to develop the body of the
Investment Plan.
- AfDB and Tunisian authorities will organize a follow-up stakeholder meeting in
Tunis in September-October 2009 to: a) assess the progress of the CTF
Investment Plan, b) update parties on the development of each country’s CSP
projects and progress in the 2-page summaries, c) be informed about any update
on the CSP industry or technology, and d) agree on a timeline for finalizing the IP
and submitting to the CTF Trust Fund Committee.
- The Investment Plan will be submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee for its
endorsement after the stakeholder meeting.
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Annex 1 – Workshop Agenda
MENA Regional Concentrating Solar Power Scale-Up
Program Joint Launch Workshop of the African Development Bank and the World Bank
Group
June 11-12 2009 Hotel Tour Hassan, Rabat, Morocco
AGENDA
Thursday, June 11
Registration of Participants 8:15
Welcome
Françoise Clottes, World Bank 9:00
Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB 9:10
The MENA Regional Scale-up Program
Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank 9:20
Questions and Answers 9:40
Technical Aspects of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Wolfgang Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany 10:00
Questions and Answers 10:25
Coffee Break 10:45
Policy and Financing Aspects of CSP 11:00
Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany
Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank
Questions and Answers 11:30
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Link to the MENA Regional Energy Market Integration 11:45
Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank
Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, World Bank
- Interconnection issues, Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB
Questions and Answers 12:15
Lunch 12:30
Libya Country Presentation on CSP 1:15
Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman, Renewable Energy
Authority (REAOL)
Discussion 1:30
Egypt Country Presentation on CSP 2:00
Eng. Laila Georgy, Vice Chairman for Studies Researches &Technical
Affairs, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Ministry of Electricity
and Energy
Discussion 2.15
Jordan Country Presentation on CSP 2:45
Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director of Alternative Energy and Energy
Efficiency, Department Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Discussion 3:00
Coffee Break 3:30
Malta Country Presentation on CSP 3:45
Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority
Discussion 4:00
Morocco Country Presentation on CSP 4:30
Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre de Développement des
Energies Renouvelables (CDER)
- Pilot project presentation : Ain Beni Mathar, M. El Moussaoui,
Head of Department, Office National de l’Electricité (ONE)
Discussion 4:45
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Tunisia Country Presentation on CSP 5:15
Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable Energies Department, Agence
Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME)
- Pilot project presentation : ELMED project, Eng. Belhassen
Chiboub, Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME
Discussion 5:30
Session Summaries 5:45
Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, Roger Coma-Cunill, World Bank (Morning)
Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB (Afternoon- Tunisia, Malta, Morocco)
Mohab Hallouda, World Bank ( Afternoon- Egypt, Jordan, Libya)
Day 1 conclusions and Program for Day 2 6:15
Silvia Pariente-David/Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank
Friday, June 12
CSP Industry Survey Results 9:00
Wolfgang Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany
Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany
The Clean Technology Fund Investment Plan 9:45
Rohit Khanna, CTF Secretariat
Outline of the MENA Regional CTF Investment Plan 10:00
Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank
Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB
- Presentation and Discussion of each section of the IP
Coffee Break 11:00
Next Steps in preparation of IP and Time Line 11:30
Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank
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Annex 2 – Participant List
Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL), Chairman, Libya
Dr. Albashur Abdulsalam Aburwen, Ministry of Planning & Finance, Libya
Abdelouahad Acharai, CDER, Chef de Division, Morocco
Dr. Khairy Aglu, Solar Studies & Research Centre, Libya
Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB
Zineb Benhabiba, Ministry of Transport, Chef Division, Morocco
Hervé-Marie Cariou, AfDB
Boubker Chatre, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service Energies Renouvelables, Morocco
Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB
Eng. Belhassen Chiboub, Ministère de l'Industrie de l'Energie et des PME, Tunisia
Roger Coma-Cunill, World Bank
Jonathan d'Entremont Coony, World Bank
Wolfgang Eichhammer, ISI Fraunhofer, Germany
Dr. Hisham El Agamawy, Environmental Affairs Agency, General Manager, Egypt
Abdelkrim El Amrani, Ministry of Economic and General Affairs, Morocco
Mr. El Guerrouj, Ministry of Finances, Morocco
Yara El Morsy, Ministry of International Cooperation, Egypt
Abdelhaquim El Moussaoui, ONE, Head of Department, Morocco
Said El Yacoubi, Ministry of Finances, Morocco
Youssef Eshaimi, MET, Chef de Service, Morocco
Zohra Ettaik, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Division, Morocco
Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Vice Chairman, Egypt
Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank
Mr. Guerrouj, Ministère des Affaires Économiques et Générales, DEPP, Morocco
Mohab Awad Mokhtar Hallouda, World Bank
Rime Jedidi, Ministère Affaires Économiques et Générales, Chargée d’Etudes, Morocco
Rohit Khanna, CTF/World Bank
Abdelhamid Khalfallah, Ministère de l'Industrie de l'Energie et des PME, Tunisia
Aicha Laabdaoui, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco
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Fatiha Machkori, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco
Moheddine Mejri, STEG, Chef de Département, Tunisia
Saida Mendili, UMA
Iain Menzies, World Bank
Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority, Malta
Saïd Mouline, Director-General, CDER, Morocco
Zahraa Ouacifi, Chef de Division, MET, Morocco
Amor Ounalli, ANME, Directeur Energies Renouvelables, Tunisia
Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank
Mario Ragwitz, ISI Fraunhofer, Germany
Philippe Roos, World Bank
Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Director, Jordan
Hayat Sabri, Ministère de l’Habitat, Directrice Adjointe, Morocco
Khadija Sebbata, World Bank
Mrs. Slimani, Ministry of Finances, Morocco
Youssef Zidi, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, Tunisia
Abdelillah Zkiou, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco
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Annex 3 – Country Presentations
Libya Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman,
Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL)
Present Situation & Future Initiatives
Renewable Energy in Libya:
Electrical Energy Generation mix (2007)
Heavy fuel oil
26%
Light fuel oil
33%
Natural gas
41%
Renew able energy
0%
Electricity Main Key Figures (2/4)
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Although, Libya enjoys important
potential of RE especially solar and wind
but the role of these sources in the energy
mix is negligible;
In the past several initiatives & steps
where undertaken to develop RE in the
country:
RE DEVELOPMENT
Photovoltaic (PV) to supply small remote
loads (300 systems - 210 kWp)
PV Rural electrification Sites
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Meteorological research in support of
comprehensive wind atlas for Libya (10 stations)
.
Wind Atlas, based on satellite &
measurement meteorological stations data
has been achieved.
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Libya like other countries in the world is
increasingly concerned by high conventional
energy prices and environment issues,
combined with rapid demand growth.
Accordingly, the Renewable energy
authority of Libya (REAOL) founded recently
to promote the development of renewable
energies
To achieve the above mentioned goals andobjectives REAOL prepared a mid-term plan(2008-2012) to promote RE application inLibya.
This plan consist of the following:
- Several wind farms with total capacity around500 MW (within an overall initiative of1000MW by 2015) .
1. DERNAH wind farm 1st stage 60 MW.
2. AL MQRUN wind farm 120 MW 1st stage.
3. MESLATA & TRHUNA wind farm 50 MW each.
4. DERNAH wind farm 2nd stage 60 MW.
5. AL MQRUN wind farm 120 MW 2nd stage.
MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (1/3)
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Large scale PV plant grid connected in
different locations about (6-10 MW).
Expanding the use of PV technologies to
feed remote areas about (2 MW).
PV roof top systems to supply certain
residential areas about (500 systems).
Construct the first CSP in Libya (50 – 100
MW).
MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (2/3)
Construct a joint venture with local and
foreign investors a Solar Heaters Factory to
satisfy local needs and exporting to
international market.
Construct a PV modules Factory as a joint
venture with some investors.
Executing national program for using
solar heating in the residential sector.
Encourage & promote local & foreign
investment in this field.
MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (3/3)
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CSP Potential
Solar Radiation Resource Assessment
Libya in the heart of sun belt
Hugh solar potential;
The solar radiation
reaches 7.5 KWh/m2/day;
(3000-3500) sunshine
hours yearly;
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Solar Radiation Availability
Large flat area
Large potential for
development
Technical and Economic CSP Potential in Libya
Technical Potential: 139,600 TWh/y
Economic Potential: 139,470 TWh/y
Power Demand 2008: 29 TWh/y
Power Demand 2020: 109 TWh/y
Tentative CSP 2050: 22 TWh/y
Coastal Potential: 498 TWh/y
Water Demand 2050: 25 TWh/y (Power
for Desalination )
- According to several international studies such as ( MED-CSP By DLR )
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Stage 2: Potential Development to
Cover National Demand and Transfer
Solar Power to Europe Several GWs
Stage 2: Potential Development to
Cover National Demand and Transfer
Solar Power to Europe Several GWs
Stage 2: Potential Development to
Cover National Demand and Transfer
Solar Power to Europe (Several
GWs)
Stage 1 : 1st CSP plant in Libya ( 100 MW)
The Possibility
The plan
• Joint company with
specialized partner
• PPA to be signed with the
local
The plan
• Joint company with
specialized partner
• PPA to be signed with the
local
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Egypt Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Laila Georgy, Vice Chairman for Studies
Researches &Technical Affairs, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Ministry of
Electricity and Energy
Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef
Vise Chairman
New & Renewable Energy Authority (NREA)
Jun, 2009
Institutional framework:
Establishing NREA (1986)
The national focal point in charge of developing,
introducing and promoting renewable energy
technologies to Egypt on a commercial scale
together with implementation of related energy
conservation programs
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National Strategy up to 2020
In February 2008, the Supreme Council of Energy approved an
ambitious plan to:
Satisfy 20% of the generated electricity by
renewable energies by 2020, including 12%
from wind energy,
i.e., reaching more than 7200 MW grid-
connected wind farms (about 600 MW wind
farms annually).
Private
Developers
NREA
33%
67%
The Sector Policy Depends on 3 Main Pillars: Diversifying energy resources.
Improving Energy efficiency and energy conservation programs.
Maximizing the share of (RE) in the energy mix.
The polices to foster increasing wind contribution consist of two phases:
Phase 1,
Will adopt Competitive Bids approach:
• Guaranteed long PPA,
• Carbon Credit,
• flexible land lease;
• RE Fund.
Phase 2,
• Will increase the chances to the market forces through the implementation
of feed-in-tariff taking into consideration the prices achieved in phase 1.
Policies
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• A new electricity act has been developed by the Ministry of
Electricity & Energy and it is subject to the constitutional
approvals.
• The act has been designed to reflect the ongoing market
reform as well as to strengthen the regulatory agency.
• It includes articles supporting REs, through encouraging
private investments in renewables.
New Electricity Act
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Wind Resource Assessment
Wind Atlas of Egypt,
2005
Wind Atlas of Gulf of
Suez, 1996 - 2003
Egypt Wind Map,
1987
In cooperation with USAID In cooperation with Risoe
(Denmark) & EMAIn cooperation with Risoe
(Denmark) & EMA
- Since 2001, series of large scale wind farms, totaling about
430 MW in cooperation with Germany, Denmark, Spain and
Japan.
- Key Indicators:
- Generated Electricity: ~ 3.5 Billion kWh,
- Fuel Saving: ~ 900,000 T.O.E.,
- Emissions Reduction: ~2 Million T.CO2.
Large Scale Wind Farms
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The Solar Atlas was issued,
indicating that Egypt as one of
the sun belt countries is
endowed with high intensity of
direct solar radiation ranging
between 2000 – 3000 kWh/m2/year
from North to South.
The sun shine duration ranges
between 9-11 h/day from
North to South, with very few
cloudy days.
Solar Atlas
Photovoltaic (PV) Applications
Currently, the total installed capacity is about 5 MW
(7 local companies).
Solar Thermal Energy Applications
500,000 m2 of domestic solar water heating systems have
been installed since the 1980s
(14 local companies).
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The 1st CSP project of 140 MW
including solar field of 20 Mwe is
under implementation
The total investments cost is about
340 Mio $, including GEF grant of
about 50 mio $.
JBIC covers the finance of the
Combined Cycle island (about 17
Billion JPY.).
The contracts of both CC & solar
islands were signed in Sept. 30th and
Oct.21st 2007 respectively.
The project is expected to be
operational at the mid of 2010.
600 C
Gas turbine(s)
Steam
turbine
Condenser
Steam
540 C, 100bar
Stack Exhaust
100 C
395 C
Electricity
to the grid
Parabolic
Trough Field
295 C
Gas turbine(s)
Steam
turbine
Condenser
Steam
540 C, 100bar
Stack Exhaust
100 C
395 C
Electricity
to the grid
Parabolic
Trough Field
295 C
Tower
G ~
Solar HX
Solar Island
600 C
Gas turbine(s)
Steam
turbine
Condenser
Steam
540 C, 100bar
Stack Exhaust
100 C
395 C
Electricity
to the grid
Parabolic
Trough Field
295 C
Air and
vapour
Air Air
G
~
HRSG
Cooling
Tower
G
~
G
~
G
~
Solar HX
Solar Island CC Island
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
140 MW Solar thermal power
Summary of Technical Parameters
20Capacity of solar portion (MW)
131Solar collectors area (1000 m2)
590Solar field area incl. power block (1000 m2)
79Nameplate capacity of gas turbine (MW)
76.5Nameplate capacity of steam turbine (MW)
852Net electric energy (GWh/a)
33Solar electric energy (GWh/a)
4%Solar share(%)
10000Fuel saving due to the solar portion (T.O.E / a)
20000CO2 reduction (T/a)
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
140 MW Solar thermal power
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The project starts construction in Jan. 2008 and it is
estimated to operate commercially in year 2010
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
140 MW Solar thermal power: Construction
The first parabolic trough unit
was installed on 11 Jan. 2009. Currently
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
140 MW Solar thermal power: Construction
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Exporting clean energy generated from Wind & CSP to Europe via regionalinterconnection links.
Trading the emission reductions.
Enhancing the local industrial capabilities through technology transfer.
Creating national and regional market for RE equipment.
Creating new job opportunities.
The vision focuses on :
Increasing the contribution of RE in the electric energy mix to meet the growingdemand (7-8% annually).
Saving the fossil fuels (Oil &NG) for export and for future generations needs.
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
NREA Vision
NREA’s long term plan up to 2017 is to implement 100 Mw CSP project
High Solar Intensity.
Arid flat desert.
Growing electricity demand.
Local industrial capabilities and manpower skills.
Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA
National Potentials
High up front costs.
CSP know-how technologies are limited to North Side of the
Mediterranean .
Lack of qualified national capacity.
Necessity of upgrading the grid infrastructure for importing green
energy.
Barriers
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Availability of flexible financing schemes(grants, soft loans,…)
Plans for upgrading the grid infrastructure
Issues of conventional energy subsidy and market reforms in the
South
Programs for know-how and technology transfer.
National capacity building.
Developing Joint R&D.
Cooperation between South and South( industries, markets,…)
Continuous dialogue between North and South
Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA(cont)
Pre-requisites
Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP) intiative.
20 GW of new renewable energy capacities by 2020 in the region, mainly by CSP, wind
and PV .
WB/CTF – CSP Scale-up program for MENA.
1 Gw , 750 million US$ and technical assistance
Growing interest of CSP in the MENA countries.
Projects in Morocco, Algeria and Egypt.
Plans in Tunisia, Libya, Jordan,………
Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA(cont)
Positive Trends
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Jordan Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director of Alternative
Energy and Energy Efficiency, Department Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
MENA Regional Concentrating Solar Power
Scale-Up Program
“Opportunities for CSP Projects in Jordan”
Eng. Ziad Jibril Sabra
Director/ Alternative Energy Department
MEMR
June 11-12 - 2009, Rabat, Morocco
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
)2020-2007Energy Strategy (
MAIN GOALS :
• Diversifying the energy resources
• Increasing the share of local energy resources in the totalenergy mix .
• Reducing the dependency on imported oil
• Enhancing environment protection
This will be achieved through :
• Expanding the development of renewable energyresources
• Promoting energy conservation and awareness
• Maximizing the utilization of domestic energy resources(oil shale, natural gas, etc.)
• Generating electricity from nuclear energy.
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The Energy Mix in Jordan (2007 – 2020)2007
2015 2020
Domestic Resources 39%, Imported 61%
Domestic Resources 4%, Imported 96%
Domestic Resources 25%, Imported 75%
Oil Products 66%
Renewable 1%Imported
Electricity 7%
N. Gas 26%
Imported
Electricity 2%Imported
Electricity 1%Renewable 10%
Renewable7%
Oil Products 40% Oil Products 51%
N. Gas 29% N. Gas 29%
Nuclear 6% Oil
Shale 11% Oil
Shale 14%
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Renewable Energy Strategy
Framework
• Maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources.
• Continue to conduct resource assessment and identify
development priorities.
• Promote private investments in renewable energy projects.
• Provide incentives, increase the awareness and strengthen
the capacity of renewable energy stakeholders.
• Promote the local manufacture of RE technologies.
• Enhance access to energy services in remote communities.
• Introduce Renewable Energy Legislation.
• Establish Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund
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________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Renewable Energy Resources
TargetAt Present
The government
aims for a 10%
share in the
primary energy mix
in 2020.
The contribution of
the renewable
energy is around
1% from the
primary energy
mix.
Open Plain Hills>7.5 m/s >11.5 m/s
6.5-7.5m/s 10-11.5m/s
5.5-6.5m/s 8.6-10m/s
4.6-5.5m/s 7-8.6 m/s< 4.5 m/s < 7.0 m/s
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
The Potential of Renewable Energy
1. Wind Energy
Resources:
Wind Measurement Network at
several locations in the
Kingdom is ongoing .
Wind speed exceeds 7 m/s at
selected sites.
Two wind Pilot projects (1125
Kw) at Hofa and Ibrahimiah.
Resources are significant.
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________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Development Target: Wind Power
• Jordan has an ambitious program in wind energy
development, where about 600 MW of wind turbines to
be installed by the year 2015, to be doubled by 2020.
• A bid process for the Al Kamshah 30-40 MW wind
project was launched in 2008 and is now under
negotiation with the preferred bidder and planned to be
in operation during the year 2010.
• Jordan would like to see more rapid development of
wind sites and so a series of new wind farms are
planned, these include :
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
• Al Fujeij, Shoubak (80-90 MW) on BOO basis will be
tendered for prequalification by mid April 2009 in
coordination with the World Bank. The project
commercial operation date expected in 2011.
• Wind Pooling: a study is ongoing to pool the potential
wind park sites Southern of Jordan at Harir, Wadi Araba
and Ma’an with a capacity (300-400) MW in one
international bidding process to attract wind park
developers, to be launched in the second half of 2009.
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________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
2. Solar Energy
Resources:-
Daily Average Solar
Radiation between 5-7
Kwh/m2
Potential : 6400 GWh
annually for concentrating
Solar power.
Resources are extremely
high.
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Direct Solar Irradiation at
Quwairah, Naqb and
Kharana:
Quwairah, and Ra’s En Naqb are
located in the southwest of
the country, where Direct
Irradiation is very high and
comparative to good sites like
Barstow, California, USA.
Kharana is situated in the
north of Jordan, 60 kilometers
southeast of the capital
Amman.
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Solar System characteristics, Quwairah
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________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Past and on-going activities in Solar Energy
Decentralized photovoltaic units in rural and remote
villages for lighting, water pumping and other social
services (500 kW of peak capacity).
15% of all households are equipped with Solar water
heating systems.
Solar pond for potash production
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Development Target: Solar Power
50% of households to be equipped with
Solar water heating by the year 2020.
Aim for a Concentrating Solar Power, CSP pilot
demonstration project in the short to medium run.
Prominent area for development: Aqaba and South-East
region.
Planned Installed capacity: 300 to 600 MW (CSP, PV and
hybrid power plants) by 2020.
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________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Road Map for the first commercial CSP plant
in Jordan Solid financial conditions are important prerequisites for the
development of a CSP market.
Soft loan with low interest rates, long repayment period and
grace period is a key element of these conditions.
The actual costs for electricity generation for CSP technology
are above the market level.
This might of course change with increasing prices for gas and
oil, but for a stable initial market situation, soft loans are
required.
________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Road map
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Malta Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources
Authority
1
Energy Situation in Malta
MENA Regional Concentration Solar Power Scale-up Program
Malta Resources Authority
Inġ Phyllis Micallef
2 June 2009
2
MRA Organizational Set Up
• Chairman, Deputy Chairman and 5 other members of the Authority;
• Chief Executive Officer;
• Three Directorates – Energy, Water and Mineral Resources Regulation.
• Total employees = 35
18 of which are professionals Engineers
Lawyers
Economists
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3
Malta Background Information
• Maltese Archipelago - Malta, Gozo & other small uninhabited islands;
Area: 316 km2;
Population: 400,000 ;
High population density: 1,261 inhabitants/km2
Urban Fabric – 23 %
Agriculture – 49%
Industrial and commercial uses – 2%
4
Malta Climate
• There are really only two seasons in Malta: the dry summer season, and the mild winter season.
• Average summer temperature is 26oC(max .
• Average winter temperature is 12oC.
• Average rainfall is 558.2 mm (22 ins). Rain rarely, if ever, falls during the summer months.
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5
Malta Energy Situation
• Malta relies entirely on imported fossil fuels – HFO and Gas oil for
electricity generation;
• Electricity system is small and isolated (no interconnections) :
Two power stations with total installed capacity = 571 MW;
Total generated units (2008) = 2.3 TWh;
Distribution voltage 132kV
33kV
11kV
400/230V
• Electricity consumption by sector:
Domestic 36 %; Commercial 33 %; Industrial 29 %; Street lighting 2%
• Penetration of RES:
Very small contribution from RES < 1%;
Increasing uptake of SWH and PV with Government support schemes;
6
Malta Energy Balance
Other uses
Domestic :heating cooking
industry/commercial use
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7
Fuel Consumption by Type (2008)
5.46%
0.05%
4.00%
0.73%
0.06%
0.06%
1.18%
0.02%
66.71%
16.52%
5.19%
0.01%
0.004%
Diesel Biodiesel Unleaded LRP Kerosene LHO LPG
Propane Fuel Oil Gas oil Jet A1 Avgas Petrol
8
Electricity Generation
Annual Electricity Generation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Calendar Year
Gen
era
tio
n (
MW
h)
Marsa PS Delimara PS
Dispatched Electricity Projections
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Year
Po
we
r (G
Wh
)
Dispatch Business as Usual 2,625 2,693 2,781 2,859 2,937 3,015 3,093 3,133 3,173 3,213 3,253
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Electricity Generation 2002 - 2008
Projected Electricity (Dispatched)
2009 - 2020
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9
Seasonal electricity demand profiles
•DAILY LOAD CHARTS
•120
•130
•140
•150
•160
•170
•180
•190
•200
•210
•220
•230
•240
•250
•260
•270
•280
•290
•300
•310
•320
•330
•340
•350
•360
•370
•380
•390
•400
•410
•420
•430
•1:0
0
•2:0
0
•3:0
0
•4:0
0
•5:0
0
•6:0
0
•7:0
0
•8:0
0
•9:0
0
•10
:00
•11
:00
•12
:00
•13
:00
•14
:00
•15
:00
•16
:00
•17
:00
•18
:00
•19
:00
•20
:00
•21
:00
•22
:00
•23
:00
•0:0
0
•TIME
•Spring •Summer •Autumn •Winter
10
Conventional Electricity Projects
• Expansion of local generation capacity:
•2011 around 100 – 150 MW
• 2014 around 100 – 150 MW
• 2013 interconnection with Sicily
• By 2020 natural gas infrastructure
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11
Malta Renewable Energy Potential
• Technically Malta can exploit renewable energy through:
large scale wind farms (onshore, offshore),
medium and small scale wind farms (medium scale
20kW- 500 kW and small- scale < 20 kW),
solar - photovoltaic and thermal,
energy from waste,
landfill gas,
sewage treatment plant gas,
biogases and
heat pumps for heating and cooling.
12
Average sunshine hours
Monthly Mean Bright Sunshine 1990-2005
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Ho
urs
Source: National Statistics Office, 2006
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13
Wind speed map (interpolated data)
14
MRA Role vis-à-vis RES
Preparation of a national educational campaign on sustainable energy use, including information dissemination and awareness raising on:
•Energy efficiency
•Energy conservation
•Renewable Energy Sources
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15
MRA Role vis-à-vis RES
• Promotion and regulation of RES –
• Government support schemes for promotion of :
solar water heaters;
photovoltaic systems;
microwind installations;
roof insulation;
energy efficiency appliances.
CFL’s
16
MRA Role vis-à-vis RES
• Studies on RES potential and establishing national indicative targets;
• Advise to Government of national energy and renewable energy policy formulation;
• Authorisation and licensing of RES installations.
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17
Registration of RES installations
• RES generators with a capacity less than 10 kW and less than 16Amps on each phase; i.e.
Require only to notification to the MRA
• Larger capacity RES generators
Require an Authorisation to construct a generationcapacity issued by the MRA and a licence/licenses
May require a development permit
• Connection to the grid require the submission of anapplication to Enemalta( DSO)
18
RES incentives
• Net Metering system is currently being used for the electrical power generated.
• Spill-off electricity is credited at 6.99 €cents/kWh
• Domestic sector• 50% grant up to €3000 on PV
• 30% grant up to €750 on Micro wind
• 66% grant up to €465 on SWH
• Industry(current ERDF Scheme)• 50% on investment on Solar thermal applications and RES
generators
• Investment capped to €200,000
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19
Promotion of RES in the Domestic Sector
Areas and amount of support
• Photovoltaic – up to 1,200kWp in a 3 year period
• Micro-wind – up to 300kWp in a 3 year period
• Solar Water Heaters – up to 4,000 units per year
20
PV Penetration in Malta
• Sept 2004 to March 2009 – MRA received: 56 notifications for PV installations 7 applications for authorisation
PV Installed Capacity Trend (March09).
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
22
/09
/20
04
22
/02
/20
05
22
/07
/20
05
22
/12
/20
05
22
/05
/20
06
22
/10
/20
06
22
/03
/20
07
22
/08
/20
07
22
/01
/20
08
22
/06
/20
08
22
/11
/20
08
Date of installation
Cu
mu
lati
ve C
ap
acit
y (
W)
•Total installed capacity approximately 254kWp•Annual Electricity Generation estimated to be 381MWh
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21
PV Penetration in Malta by Sector
• PV installations is Malta have not yet picked up due to the existing barriers.
• Most installations are in the Public Sector as a promotion to this technology.
PV Capacity by Sector (March 09)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
Commercial Public Domestic Industrial
Sectors
Cap
acit
y (
Watt
s)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No
. O
f In
sta
llati
on
s
Capacity per Category No. Of Installations
22
Micro Wind Penetration in Malta
• Total number of notified
micro wind turbines
installed 3, adding up to
4.8kWp installed
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23
SWH Penetration in Malta
• Capacity of total installations in Malta in 2008 ~ 25,451 kWth
Malta approx. 64kWth/1,000 capita in 2008
EU average 21 kWth/1,000 capita
Cyprus – leader in solar thermal
Total capacity estimated to reach 85kWth/1,000 capita by 2010
24
PV potential
• Estimated annual yield is 1500kWh per kWp
• Considerable potential for installation of PV on industrial, commercial and public buildings
• Domestic sector potential less favourable-• available space mainly owned by non-favourable age group
• less terraced houses more multi storey buildings
• General public still has misconceptions on this technology
• High capital investment required
• Roofs have alternative use
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25
Wind exploitation status
Goverment has proposed three sites for wind farm developement, these are:
Offshore site of Sikka l-Bajda (around 95)• 95MW – estimated cost €280 - €320 million
Onshore sites of Hal Far and Wied Rini• Hal-Far (4.2 MW ) estimated cost - €5.5 – €7.5 million.
• Wied Rieni (10.2MW ) estimated cost - €5.5 – €7.5 million.
26
Wind developments status
• Grid stability study – isolated system issues
• Application for a development permit for the three chosen sites submited to MEPA
• A call for tenders for the building of the wind farms will follow.
• Electricity generated from RES to be purchased by Enemalta (sole supplier to final customers)
• Estimated yield from the 3 wind farms around 4.8% of the 10% of Malta Renewable Energy target by 2020.
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Morocco Country Presentation on CSP - Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre de
Développement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER)
1
MENA Regional
Concentrating Solar Power
Scale-Up Program
La stratégie pour les centrales
thermosolaires à concentration
au Royaume du Maroc
Rabat, les 11 et 12 juin 2009
Saïd Mouline
Directeur Général
CDER
2
• Contexte
• Historique
• Projets programmés
• Approche industrielle
• Conclusion
Sommaire
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3
Extraits de la Lettre Royale de SM Mohammed VI aux premières
assises nationales de l’Energie, Rabat, le 6 mars 2009
Eu égard à Notre volonté de sécuriser notre approvisionnement
énergétique, Nous insistons sur la nécessité de diversifier nos
sources d’énergie, de mobiliser nos ressources renouvelables,….
Afin de traduire dans les faits Notre volonté de soutenir les
programmes d’efficacité énergétique et de de développement des
énergies renouvelables, Nous avons créé le Fonds de
Développement Energétique,….
Contexte
4
Contexte
La montée en puissance de la part des énergies
renouvelables dans le mix énergétique.
Développement de l’éolien.
la puissance électrique cumulée à partir de l’éolien atteindra 1554 MW
en 2012, 2200 en 2020, et 5500 en 2030, à réaliser par l’ONE, les
autoproducteurs et les opérateurs sous concession
Croissance pour l’énergie solaire avec la réalisation d’ici à 2030 de:
1000 MW en solaire à concentration (SEGS, Fresnel, Stirling, Tour)
400 MW en photovoltaïque (PV, CPV);
3 000 000 m2 en solaire thermique.
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5
Contexte
La montée en puissance de la part des énergies
renouvelables dans le mix énergétique
L’émergence de la biomasse avec une puissance installée de 400 MW de
puissance installée d’ici 2030
La mobilisation du potentiel hydroélectrique par:
L’optimisation des centrales existantes;
La recherche et la construction de nouvelles STEP pour gérer les
pointes de la demande;
La régulation des turbinages par l’installation de bassins de rétention;
L’équipement des sites identifiés de micro centrales hydroélectriques.
Contexte
6
Contexte
La montée en puissance de la part des énergies
renouvelables dans le mix énergétique
A l’horizon 2030 les énergies renouvelables devront permettre
une économie en énergie fossile de 2,6 Mtep/an
et contribuer à la création de 25 000 emplois
Tous les projets se feront en tenant compte des mécanismes financiers liés
aux Mécanismes de Développement Propre et tout autres financements liés à
la problématique des changements climatiques
Contexte
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7
Contexte
La création d’une Agence dédiée aux énergies
renouvelables et à l’efficacité énergétique
La mise en place d’une nouvelle législation
concernant les énergies renouvelables
La mise en place d’un fonds dédié
8
ContexteContexte
Potentiel réalisable à partir:
• PV 1 080 MWc
• CES 3 000 000 M²
• CSP 1000 MW
• 4,2 Mio tonnes/an CO2 évités
• 600 Mille Tep/an économisées
•15.000 Emplois créés
SOLAIRE:
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9
Contexte
Le CSP au Maroc
1993
Etude de préfaisabilité pour la réalisation d’une centrale de type SEGS
au Maroc et en Espagne
Etude approfondie sur le site de Ouarzazate et de Taroudant
Publication dans la revue Politique d’efficacité de l’énergie et
environnement (Editions Economica, Banque Mondiale)
Historique CSP
10
Contexte
Les projets PV et CSP au Maroc
Sites projetés
Aîn Beni Mathar : 20 MW (en construction)
Ain Beni Mathar: 125 MW CSP
Ouarzazate: 100 MW CSP
Tan Tan: 15 MW CSP
Figuig: 10 MW PV
Boujdour: 10 MW PV
Villes vertes: 50 MW PV
Projets CSP
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11
ContexteInterconnexions
4,50%
9%
16%17%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2005 2006 2007 2008
Contribution des importations d'électricité dans
la satisfaction de la demande
MEDITERRANNEE
ATLANTIQUE
PINAR DEL REY
TETOUAN
MELLOUSSATANGER
LOUKKOS
FOUARATCle KENITRA
AL WAHDA
ZAEREL OUALI
TOULAL
SEHOUL
FARDIOUA
TARIFA
ESPAGNE
RIAD
A.FASSI
SELOUANE
BOURDIM
SONASID
OUJDA
JERADA
GHAZAOUAT
TELEMCEN
H.AMEUR
ALG
ER
IE
+ ++ +
+++++
DOUYET
OUALILI
IMZOURNEN
PARC EOLIEN140 MW
1erCC TAHADDART400 MW
TAZA
Maroc – Algérie : les réseaux marocain
et algérien, interconnectés depuis 1988, sontraccordés par deux lignes :
• liaison OUJDA-GHAZAOUET d’une longueur de46 kilomètres, mise en service en Juillet 1988.Elle porte sur une capacité de 200 MW;
• liaison OUJDA-TLEMCEN de même capacitéavec une longueur de 67 km mise en service enfévrier 1992.
La tension de service des deux lignes est de 225 KV.
Une troisième liaison en 400 KV est en coursd’achèvement pour porter la capacité d’échange à1200 MW
Maroc- Espagne :les interconnexions
qui lient le réseau électrique Nord du Maroc au réseau électrique Sud d’Espagne à travers le détroit de Gibraltar se caractérisent par les spécifications techniques suivantes:Les réseaux marocain et espagnol, interconnectés depuis 1997, sont raccordés par :
Deux lignes 400 KV de 26 km de long Profondeur maximale de 615 m;Capacité de transit : 1400 MW;Projet de réalisation d’une 3ème ligne 400 KV.
12
Contexte
Les projets PV et CSP au Maroc
Sites projetés
Technopole d’Oujda
Site dédié aux industries des ENR
Kyoto Park
Industrie CSP
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13
STRATEGIE CSP
Volonté politique
Agence dédiée
Réglementation
Financements Carbone
Interconnexion
Industrie
Conclusion
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Tunisia Country Presentation on CSP - Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable Energies
Department, Agence Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME)
Atelier organisé par le Comité Exécutif du Fonds pour les Technologies Propres (FTP)
Programme pour le développement à grande échelle
de l’énergie thermosolaire (CSP)
Rabat, les 11 et 12 juin 2009
Perspectives du développement de l’énergie thermosolaire en Tunisie
Amor OUNALLIDirecteur des Energies Renouvelables à l’ANME
Plan de la présentation
Situation énergétique de la Tunisie
Résultats de l’étude de préfaisabilité CSP:
Potentiel du rayonnement solaire en Tunisie;
Recherche et choix des sites;
Choix de la technologie solaire CSP en Tunisie;
Analyse économique;
Financement;
Proposition pour l’étude de faisabilité.
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0
2
4
6
8
10
1987 1993 1999 2005 2008
Million (Tep)
Demande
Ressources
Equilibre déficitExcédent
I9%
Industrie Transport
36% 31%
16%7%
RésidentielTertiaireAgriculture
10%
2007
Consommation Totale : 5,8 Mtep
CONSOMMATION D’ÉNERGIE FINALE PAR SECTEUR
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2010 2020 2030
Energies Renouvelables
20%
Efficacité Energétique
80%
Mtep
Potentiel d’économie d’énergie à l’horizon 2030
Energies renouvelables : Objectifs
2007 2011
Sans la biomasse et l’hydraulique %
4 %
Avec la biomasse et l’hydraulique 2 % 3 %
Atteindre une part des énergies renouvelables de 4% en 2011 par
rapport à la consommation totale et ce, sans tenir compte de la
consommation de bois et de l’hydraulique.
Atteindre une part des énergies renouvelables de 10% en 2011 par
rapport à la puissance totale électrique installée.
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Résultats de l’étude de préfaisabilité CSPPotentiel du rayonnement solaire
Bon potentiel du rayonnement solaire au sud du pays
DNI > 2 000 Wh/m².an
Potentiel du rayonnement solaire
L’énergie solaire est très favorable pour couvrir la
demande de pointe en été et vers midi.
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Recherche et choix des sites
Cinq (5) sites ont été identifiés;
D’autres sites sont possibles.
Conception technique de la centrale CSP proposée
Une centrale CSP d’une puissance de 25 MWeavec combustion supplémentaire
Production de l’électricité: 66 GWh; Consommation de gaz naturel: 4 338 t/an; Emission de CO2 : 19 800 t/an; Contribution solaire : 70 %; Terrain nécessaire : 75 ha; Mise en service : 2012 – 2013.
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Analyse économique
Centrale CSP d’une puissance de 25 MWe
Investissement : ~ 85 Millions €;
Coûts de production : ~ 18,8 ct € /kWh
Possibilités offertes pour le financement
Soutien de l’Etat : à travers des subventions accordées au prix de l’énergie électrique (kWh) ou à l’investissement;
Réduction des taxes;
Fixation d’un tarif de l’électricité (feed-in-tariff);
Dons et / ou crédits bonifiés.
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Plan Solaire Méditerranéen
- Centrale électrique à concentration (STEG) :50 MW;
- Photovoltaïque dispersé connecté au réseau électrique (Bâtiments solaires) : 10 MW;
- Photovoltaïque non connecté au réseau électrique (Milieu rural) : 1 MW;
- Centrale Electrique Photovoltaïque (Photovoltaïque concentré) : 50 MW;
- Interconnexion (Câble sous marin reliant le réseau électrique tunisien au réseau électrique italien (400 kV – 1 000 MW));
- Centrale électrique thermique de 1 200 MW intégrant une composante renouvelable (800 MW pour l’Italie et 400 MW pour la Tunisie) : 1 200 MW;
- Solaire thermique hors production d’électricité (Développement du Froid Solaire (Développement du chauffage solaire de l'eau dans les résidences collectives);
- Centrale Electrique à Concentration Solaire (Avec une 2ème ligne d’interconnexion avec l’Italie) : 1 000 MW ;
- Eolien privé : 60 MW ;
- Efficacité énergétique (Programme de démonstration de bâtiment à haute performance énergétique - Diffusion de réfrigérateurs performants par certificats d'économies d'énergie -Diffusion des Lampes Basse Consommation et suppression des ampoules à incandescences -Bâtiment à Energie Positive).
Développement des énergies renouvelables dans
le cadre de la coopération euro-méditerranéenne
Perspectives pour l’étude de faisabilitédétaillée de la centrale CSP 25 MW
Evaluation approfondie des ressources d’énergie solaire;
Evaluation du site sélectionné;
Lancement Programme de mesurage;
Etude de la conception de base de la centrale CSP;
Evaluation des coûts;
Etablissement du cahier des charges.
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Tunisia Pilot project presentation : ELMED project - Eng. Belhassen Chiboub,
Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME
1ELMED Etudes SARL
Projet ELMEDWorkshop
The preparation of a regional investment plan for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Scale-up in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA)
Rabat, 11 et 12 Juin 2009
Hôtel La Tour Hassan
2ELMED Etudes SARL
Centrale
Électrique
TUNISIE (Cap Bon) Méditerranée Italie (Sicile)
Câble sous marin(environ 200 km)
Réseau Tunisien Réseau Italien
Station de
conversion
400 kV
alternatif
400 kV Continu
400 kV
alternatif
400 kV Continu
Station de
conversion
SCHÉMA
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3ELMED Etudes SARL
COMPOSANTES DU PROJET
Une interconnexion en câble sous marin
Technologie HVDC (400 kV continu)
Capacité de transit : 1 000 MW
Longueur approximative : 200 km
Un pôle de production électrique de 1 200 MW en Tunisie
400 MW pour la STEG, 800 MW pour le marché italien
Combustible gaz ou charbon
Intégration de sources renouvelables jusqu’à 600 MW
4ELMED Etudes SARL
200 MW à accès public, disponibles pour les énergies
renouvelables
800 MW pour le pôle de production ELMED (intégration de
sources renouvelables jusqu’à 600 MW)
RÉPARTITION DE LA CAPACITÉ
DE L’INTERCONNEXION
800 MW
renouvelables
Afrique du Nord
Europe
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5ELMED Etudes SARL
L’INTERCONNEXION
UNE OPPORTUNITÉ POUR
LES SOURCES RENOUVELABLES
• Valorisation des sources renouvelables d’Afrique du Nord
• Accès aux marchés italien et européen des certificats verts
6ELMED Etudes SARL
PLAN D’ACTION
Manifestation
d’intérêt
Constitution
d’ELMED S.A.
2009
Années suivantes
2011
Adjudication droits
de production Début de la
construction
2015 – 2016 : Mise en service
2010
Lancement AOP Accord de
Partenariat
Terna -Steg
2008
Signature des
contrats (PPA,
contrat de
transport)
Constitution
d’ELMED Études
SARL
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Annex 4 – Concept Note on CSP Scale-up Program endorsed
by CTF Trust Fund Committee on May 11th
2009
Please, refer to the working document CTF/TFC.3/7 ―Clean Technology Fund: Concept
Note for a Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program in the Middle East and North
Africa Region‖ that you can find in here: http://go.worldbank.org/363MIR3DO0
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Annex 5 – Outline of Investment Plan to submit to CTF Trust
Fund Committee (12-15 pages excluding Annexes)
Section 1 Global and Regional Context (2-3 pages)
- Solar potential in the region
- Brief summary of the national existing development plans or programs that include
low carbon objectives
- Description of the fuel mix for power generation in each country and of trends in
GHG emissions from the power sector. Drivers for GHG emissions
- Role given to CSP in low carbon path in the countries of the region
- EU new legislation for renewable and resulting opportunities for MENA to export
green electricity to EU
- Regional energy market integration status and trends (among MENA countries, but
also with EU)
Figure 1 Global Direct Normal Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/day)
Source: Ummel, Kevin and Wheeler, David, Desert Power: The Economics of Solar Thermal Electricity for
Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Center for Global Development, 2008.
Section 2 Technology and Market Status (2 pages)
- Experience with CSP plants around the world
- Cost data, and scope for cost decline
- Players
- Barriers to CSP development (technical, infrastructure, economic, institutional) -
with and without regional integration
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Section 3 Rationale for CTF co-financing (4 pages)
- Transformation potential: potential market size for different scenarios of exports and
local demand for green electricity
- Potential for GHG emissions savings
- Cost Effectiveness: at current cost levels and with cost reduction resulting from
improved efficiencies, learning effects due to volume production, and economies of
scale due to larger units
- Replicability: contribution of proposed IP to worldwide cost reduction, the role of
MENA as a CSP technology leader
- Development Impact : economic implications, opportunities for local manufacturing,
job creation, contribution to regional integration, etc..
Section 4 Enabling Policy and Regulatory Environment (2-3 pages)
- Existing policy frameworks to promote renewable in each country and expected
developments (summary table with details in Annexes)
- Existing pricing schemes for conventional energies, and expected changes
- Need for some harmonization in the region and with the EU, to support intra-regional
trade and with EU
Section 5 Implementation Potential (2-3 pages)
- Environmental impact assessment
- Social impact
- Infrastructure bottlenecks
- Institutional capacity
- Regional integration as an enabler for implementation
- Assessment of overall implementation potential taking into account technology
barriers, enabling framework and institutional environment—with and without
regional integration
- Risk assessment
Section 6 Financing Plan and Instruments (1 page)
- CTF financing
- Potential sources of public and private financing (including carbon finance, bilateral
development banks and agencies, as well as non-traditional financiers)
Annexes
- Annex by country with policy/regulatory background, and details on power sector
- Annex on status and plans for regional integration ( Maghreb, Mashreq)
- Annex by project:
1. Description (1-2 paragraphs)
2. Implementation Readiness (1-2 paragraphs)
3. Rationale for CTF Financing (1-2 paragraphs)
4. Financing Plan
5. Project Preparation Timetable
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Annex 6 – Workshop Pictures
Ms. Françoise Clottes, World Bank, Country Manager Ms. Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB, Division Manager
Mr. Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank Ms. Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank
Mr. Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, ESMAP/World Bank Tour Hassan, Rabat, Morocco