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Memory Tables

Chapter 1Table 1-2 ISL and 802.1Q Compared

Function ISL 802.1Q

Defined by

Inserts another 4-byte header instead of completely encapsulating the original frame

Supports normal-range (1–1005) and extended-range (1006–4094) VLANs

Allows multiple spanning trees

Uses a native VLAN

Table 1-3 VTP Features

Function Server Client Transparent

Only sends VTP messages out ISL or 802.1Q trunks

Supports CLI configuration of VLANs

Can use normal-range VLANs (1–1005)

Can use extended-range VLANs (1006–4095)

Synchronizes (updates) its own config database when receiving VTP messages with a higher revision number

Creates and sends periodic VTP updates every 5 minutes

Does not process received VTP updates, but does forward received VTP updates out other trunks

Places the VLAN ID, VLAN name, and VTP configuration into the running-config file

Places the VLAN ID, VLAN name, and VTP configuration into the vlan.dat file in flash

3 Appendix J: Memory Tables

Chapter 1 lists a configuration checklist for configuring VLANs and assigning the VLANs to interfaces. As much as you can, complete the checklist. The following list shows the same step numbers/letters as used in the chapter.

Step 1 To configure a new VLAN, follow these steps:

a.

b. (Optional)

Step 2 To configure a VLAN for each access interface, follow these steps:

a.

b.

c. (Optional)

Table 1-4 Trunking Administrative Mode Options with the switchport mode Command

Command Option Description

access

trunk

dynamic desirable

dynamic auto

Table 1-5 Expected Trunking Operational Mode Based on the Configured Administrative Modes

Administrative Mode Access Dynamic Auto Trunk Dynamic Desirable

access

dynamic auto

trunk

dynamic desirable

Table 1-6 Voice and Data VLAN Configuration

Device Name of the VLAN Configured With This Command

Phone

PC

Chapter 2 4

Chapter 1 lists a configuration checklist for configuring VTP. As much as you can, complete the checklist. The following list shows the same step numbers/letters as used in the chapter.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3 (Optional)

Step 4 (Optional)

Step 5 (Optional)

Step 6

Chapter 2

Table 1-7 Where VTP Clients and Servers Store VLAN-Related Configuration

Configuration Commands Where Stored How to View

vtp domain

vtp mode

vtp password

vtp pruning

vlan vlan-id

name vlan-name

switchport access vlan vlan-id

switchport voice vlan vlan-id

Table 2-2 Three Classes of Problems Caused by Not Using STP in Redundant LANs

Problem Description

Broadcast storms

MAC table instability

Multiple frame transmission

Table 2-3 STP: Reasons for Forwarding or Blocking

Characterization of Port STP State Description

All the root switch’s ports

Each nonroot switch’s root port

Each LAN’s designated port

All other working ports


Table 2-4 Fields in the STP Hello BPDU

Field Description

Root bridge ID

Sender’s bridge ID

Cost to reach root

Timer values on the root switch

Table 2-6 Default Port Costs According to IEEE

Ethernet Speed Original IEEE Cost Revised IEEE Cost

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

10 Gbps

Table 2-7 STP Timers

Timer Description Default Value

Hello

Max Age

Forward Delay

Table 2-8 IEEE 802.1D Spanning-Tree States

State Forwards Data Frames?Learns MACs Based on Received Frames?

Transitory or Stable State?

Blocking

Listening

Learning

Forwarding

Disabled

Chapter 2 6

Table 2-9 RSTP and STP Port States

Operational StateSTP State (802.1d)

RSTP State (802.1w) Forwards Data Frames in This State?

Enabled Blocking

Enabled Listening

Enabled Learning

Enabled Forwarding

Disabled Disabled

Table 2-10 RSTP and STP Port Roles

RSTP Role STP Role Definition

Root port

Designated port

Alternate port

Backup port

Disabled

Table 2-11 Comparing Three Options for Multiple Spanning Trees

OptionSupports STP

Supports RSTP Configuration Effort

Only One Instance Required for Each Redundant Path

PVST+

PVRST

MIST

Table 2-12 STP Defaults and Configuration Options

Setting Default Command(s) to Change Default

Bridge ID

Interface cost

PortFast

BPDU Guard


Chapter 3Table 3-2 LAN Switch Interface Status Codes

Line Status Protocol Status Interface Status Typical Root Cause

admin. down down

down down

up down

down down (err-disabled)

up up

Table 3-3 10BASE-T and 100BASE-Tx Pin Pairs Used

Devices That Transmit on 1,2and Receive on 3,6

Devices That Transmit on 3,6and Receive on 1,2

Table 3-4 Port Security Behavior Based on Violation Mode

Violation Mode

Discards Offending Traffic

Discards All Traffic After Violation Occurs

Violation Results in err-disabled Interface State

Counters Increment for Each New Violation

shutdown

restrict

protect

Table 3-5 Commands That Can Find Access Ports and VLANs

EXEC Command Description

Lists each VLAN and all interfaces assigned to that VLAN, but does not include trunks

Identifies an interface’s access VLAN, voice VLAN, and the administrative (configured) mode and operational mode (access or trunking)

Lists MAC table entries: MAC addresses with associated interfaces and VLANs

Chapter 5 8

Chapter 4Chapter 4 lists a summary of a host’s routing logic, with two main branches in what the host decides to do. As much as you can, complete the description of each step.

1.

a.

b.

Chapter 4 lists a summary of a router’s routing logic, with two main branches in what the host decides to do. As much as you can, complete the description of each step.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Chapter 5

Table 4-2 Comparing the Use of the Terms Classless and Classful

As Applied To Classful Classless

Addresses

Routing protocols

Routing (forwarding)

Table 5-2 Classless and Classful Interior IP Routing Protocols

Routing Protocol

Is It Classless?

Sends Mask in Updates

Supports VLSM

Supports Manual Route Summarization

RIP-1

IGRP

RIP-2

EIGRP

OSPF


Chapter 5 lists a five-step process for finding summary routes. As much as you can, complete the step list.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Chapter 6

Table 5-5 Autosummarization Support and Defaults

Routing Protocol Classless?

Supports Autosummarization?

Defaults to Use Autosummarization?1

Can Disable Autosummarization?

RIP-1

RIP-2

EIGRP

OSPF

Table 6-3 Standard and Extended IP Access Lists: Matching

Type of Access List What Can Be Matched

Both standard and extended ACLs

Only extended ACLs

Chapter 7 10

Chapter 7

Table 6-5 Popular Applications and Their Well-Known Port Numbers

Port Number(s) Protocol ApplicationApplication Name Keyword in access-list Command Syntax

20

21

22

23

25

53

67, 68

69

80

110

161

443

16,384–32,767

Table 6-7 Operators Used When Matching Port Numbers

Operator in the access-list Command Meaning

eq

neq

lt

gt

range

Table 7-1 ICMP Message Types

Message Description

Destination Unreachable

Time Exceeded

Redirect

Echo Request, Echo Reply


Table 7-2 ICMP Unreachable Codes

Unreachable Code When It Is Used What Typically Sends It

Network unreachable

Host unreachable

Can’t fragment

Protocol unreachable

Port unreachable

Table 7-3 Codes That the ping Command Receives in Response to Its ICMP Echo Request

ping Command Code Description

!

.

U

N

M

?

Chapter 8 12

Chapter 8Table 8-2 IP IGP Metrics

IGP Metric Description

RIP-1, RIP-2

OSPF

EIGRP

Table 8-3 Interior IP Routing Protocols Compared

Feature RIP-1 RIP-2 EIGRP OSPF IS-IS

Classless No Yes

Supports VLSM No Yes

Sends mask in update No Yes

Distance vector Yes No

Link-state No Yes

Supports autosummarization No Yes Yes No No

Supports manual summarization No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Proprietary No No

Routing updates are sent to a multicast IP address No —

Supports authentication No Yes

Convergence Slow Fast


Table 8-4 Comparing Features of IGPs: RIP-2, EIGRP, and OSPF

Features RIP-2 OSPF EIGRP

Metric

Sends periodic updates

Full or partial routing updates

Where updates are sent

Metric considered to be "infinite"

Supports unequal-cost load balancing

Table 8-5 Default Administrative Distances

Route Type Administrative Distance

Connected

Static

BGP (external routes)

EIGRP (internal routes)

IGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

RIP

EIGRP (external routes)

BGP (internal routes)

Unusable

Chapter 11 14

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Table 10-2 EIGRP Features Compared to OSPF

Feature EIGRP OSPF

Converges quickly

Built-in loop prevention

Sends partial routing updates, advertising only new or changed information

Classless; therefore, supports manual summarization and VLSM

Allows manual summarization at any router

Sends routing information using IP multicast on LANs

Uses the concept of a designated router on a LAN

Flexible network design with no need to create areas

Supports both equal-metric and unequal-metric load balancing

Robust metric based on bandwidth and delay

Can advertise IP, IPX, and AppleTalk routes

Public standard

Table 11-2 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF

Requirement EIGRP OSPF

Interfaces must be in an up/up state

Interfaces must be in the same subnet

Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured)

Must use the same ASN/process-ID on the router configuration command

Hello and hold/dead timers must match

IP MTU must match

Router IDs must be unique

K-values must match

Must be in the same area


Chapter 12Table 12-2 PPP LCP Features

Function LCP Feature Description

Looped link detection Magic number

Error detection Link Quality Monitoring (LQM)

Multilink support Multilink PPP

Authentication PAP and CHAP

Table 12-4 Likely Reasons for Data-Link Problems on Serial Links

Line Status Protocol Status Likely Reason

Up Down (stable) on both ends

or

Down (stable) on one end, flapping between up and down on the other

Up Down on one end, up on the other

Up Down (stable) on both ends

Table 12-5 Summary of Symptoms for Mismatched Subnets on Serial Links

Symptoms When IP Addresses on a Serial Link Are in Different Subnets HDLC PPP

Does a ping of the other router’s serial IP address work?

Can routing protocols exchange routes over the link?

Chapter 13 16

Chapter 13Table 13-2 Frame Relay Terms and Concepts

Term Description

Virtual circuit (VC)

Permanent virtual circuit (PVC)

Switched virtual circuit (SVC)

Data terminal equipment (DTE)

Data communications equipment (DCE)

Access link

Access rate (AR)

Committed Information Rate (CIR)

Data-link connection identifier (DLCI)

Nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA)

Local Management Interface (LMI)

Table 13-4 Frame Relay LMI Types

Name Document IOS LMI-Type Parameter

Cisco Proprietary

ANSI T1.617 Annex D

ITU Q.933 Annex A


Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 17

Table 14-4 PVC Status Values

Status Active Inactive Deleted Static

The PVC is defined to the Frame Relay network

The router will attempt to send frames on a VC in this state

Table 15-3 Comparing VPN Encryption Algorithms

Encryption Algorithm Key Length (Bits) Comments

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

Triple DES (3DES)

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Table 15-6 Summary of Functions Supported by ESP and AH

Feature Supported by ESP? Supported by AH?

Authentication

Message integrity

Encryption

Antireplay

Table 17-4 Example IPv6 Prefixes and Their Meanings

Term Assignment Example from Chapter 17

Registry prefix

ISP prefix

Site prefix

Subnet prefix

Chapter 17 18

Table 17-5 Details of the RS/RA Process

Message RS RA

Multicast destination

Meaning of multicast address

Table 17-6 IPv6 Address Configuration Options

Static or Dynamic Option Portion Configured or Learned

Static

Static

Dynamic

Dynamic

Table 17-7 Comparison of Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6 Services

Feature Stateful DHCP Stateless DHCP

Remembers IPv6 address (state information) of clients that make requests

Assigns IPv6 address to client

Supplies useful information, like DNS server IP addresses

Is most useful in conjunction with stateless autoconfiguration

Table 17-9 Common Link Local Multicast Addresses

Type of Address Purpose PrefixEasily Seen Hex Prefix(es)

Global unicast Unicast packets sent through the public Internet

Unique local Unicast packets inside one organization

Link Local Packets sent in the local subnet

Multicast (link local scope)

Multicasts that stay on the local subnet


Chapter 17 lists a configuration checklist for configuring IPv6. As much as you can, complete the checklist. The following list shows the same step numbers/letters as used in the chapter.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Memory TablesChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Chapter 17

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