memoria del iv simposio mesoamericano de primatologÍa … memorias... · resumenes de las...

IV Simposio Mesoamericano de Primatología, Memoria © Grupo de Interés Temático de Primates/SMBC/FCPP

Ciudad de Belice, Belice, AC

XX Congreso de la Sociedad Mesoamericana para la Biología y la

Conservación 2016

Note: This document has the abstracts of the talks and some other parts in English.

Memoria del IV SIMPOSIO MESOAMERICANO DE

PRIMATOLOGÍA 2016


IV SIMPOSIO MESOAMERICANO DE PRIMATOLOGÍA

22-26 de Agosto de 2016

MENSAJE DEL ORGANIZADOR

Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal Director e Investigador Principal

Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP) Belize

[email protected]

Queremos agradecer a Anthony Rylands, Russell Mittermeier de la Unión Internacional para la

Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), a Katharine Milton y Jackie Wallis, por el apoyo con la logística, y

edición del material promocional, patrocinio de este evento. Nuestro agradecimiento a Verity Mathis

gerente de la colección científica de mamíferos del Museo de Historia Natural de Florida, Universidad de

Florida, por su ayuda con la edición en ingles de los resúmenes, así también a Noel Rowe de Primate

Conservation Inc., Margot Marsh Foundation, y Conservation International, por apoyo en la inscripción de

este simposio. A todo el cuerpo evaluador del IV Simposio Mesoamericano de Primatología que

permanece anónimo, gracias por su gran trabajo, y a la colaboración de Conserv-Action y NatExplorers,

en particular a Bárbara Réthoré y Julien Chapuis por su gran trabajo fílmico documentando los proyectos

de conservación en la región Mesoamericana, en particular apoyo a FCPP en Panamá. Al Comité

Académico Organizador del Capítulo de Belize (SMBC-Belize), y a Oscar López del Capítulo de Panamá por

facilitar las fotos y el apoyo brindado. Finalmente nuestro agradecimiento a todos los expositores y

asistentes a este simposio que tiene la intención de unificar criterios, reforzar y publicar nuestros

esfuerzos en la conservación y estudio de los primates no humanos de Mesoamérica, gracias a todos.

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

We want to thank Anthony Rylands, Russell Mittermeier of the International Union for the Conservation

of Nature (IUCN), Katharine Milton and Jackie Wallis, for the support with the logistics, and editing of

promotional material, sponsorship of this event. Our gratitude to Verity Mathis manager of the scientific

collection of mammals of the Museum of Natural History of Florida, University of Florida, for his help with

the edition in English of the summaries, so also to Noel Rowe of Primate Conservation Inc., Margot

Marsh Foundation and Conservation International, for support in the registration of this symposium. The

whole body of evaluators of IV Mesoamerican Symposium of Primatology that remains anonymous,

thank you for your great work, and the collaboration of Conserv-Action and NatExplorers, in particular to

Barbara Réthoré and Julien Chapuis for their great work on film documenting the conservation projects

in the Mesoamerican region, in particular to support FCPP in Panama. Thanks to the Academic

Committee organizer of the Chapter of Belize (SMBC-Belize), and to Oscar López from the Panamanian

Chapter for kindly facilitate some of the pictures, thanks for their support. Finally our thanks to all the

exhibitors and attendees to this Symposium that has the intention to unify criteria, strengthen and

publish our efforts in the conservation and study of non-human primates in Mesoamerica, thanks to you

all.

mailto:[email protected]


AGENDA DE SIMPOSIO PRIMATES MESO 2016

Elvia Miranda, Luz LorÍa Amores, Bonarge Rodriguez y Gary Esquivel/Dirigieron la actividad en Belize por FCPP

Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP)

Se desarrolló los siguientes puntos y se logró un mensaje final el cual se expresa en este texto:

A) Palabras de bienvenida y anotar asistencia (15 minutos). B) Charla magistral (30 minutos). (45 minutos total)

C) Ronda de presentaciones (10 minutos + 5 de preguntas) (2 horas/6 charlas y 15 minutos de receso) 45 min+15+45 min+15 de refrigerio

D) Presentación Film Entre las dos Américas (1 hora)

Total duración de simposio: 5 horas Participaron en total: 49 profesionales de Mesoamérica.


MAGISTRAL SPEAKER

“Imagine a Belize without wildlife”

Zoe Walker (Director of Wildtracks)

This is the current campaign by the Belize Forest Department to raise

awareness of the increasing loss of wildlife in Belize – including the two

endangered species of primates – the Yucatan black howler monkey (Alouatta

pigra) and the Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi).

Deforestation and forest fragmentation are of increasing concern in Belize,

with much of the lowland forest rapidly being transformed into an agricultural

landscape. The local, illegal wildlife trade has also been responsible for

primates being taken from the wild. So how does this small country ensure

that it meets its commitments to ensure its primate populations continue to be

viable? This presentation looks at the current challenges, and past, present

and future strategies for ensuring that Belize’s two primate species continue to

thrive.

Zoe Walker has worked for over 20 years in the field of conservation planning in Belize, and has been the lead facilitator for conservation planning at national, system and site level, working with multiple government, non-government, scientific, resource use and community stakeholders towards achieving conservation outputs based on credible science and landscape and seascape strategies. In partnership with her husband, Paul Walker, she is a director of Wildtracks, a non-governmental organization that hosts Belize’s Primate Rehabilitation Centre, focused on primate conservation and effective rehabilitation, with the goal of ending the illegal pet trade in primates in Belize.


RESUMENES DE LAS PONENCIAS DEL IV SIMPOSIO DE PRIMATES MESO 2016 ___________________________________________________________________________

Ecological networks: which characteristics of trees are preferred by Howler monkeys under fragmented conditions in southeastern Mexico?

*Natalí Ximena Sánchez Garzón, Juan Carlos Serio Silva & Wesley Dáttilo

Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados. Instituto de Ecología AC Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, CP 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México, Tel: +52 (228) 1072106.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Most of studies about behavior of howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have been focused only on food interactions. However, there are other important activities which are often forgotten, such as diurnal rest. Despite that howler monkeys can spend up to 60% of their time resting, the structure and mechanisms involving monkey-plant resting interactions are still open questions with limited empirical support. Here we described the structure of interaction networks between monkeys and plants used for rest and how the tree characteristics shaped these interactions. We studied six troops of howler monkeys (45 individuals) in three seasons: rainy, dry and windy at Balancan, Tabasco, Mexico. To describe the structure of monkey-plant networks we used three indices (specialization, diversity, and nestedness), and in order to describe the tree characteristics we contrasted three variables: DBH (Diameter at breast height), CD (crown diameter), and height against interactions, using a GLM test. We observed networks with a nested pattern, exhibit a structure invariant to seasonality and high diversity of interactions. Moreover, during the study the plant species with more interactions were: Haematoxylon campechianum, Lysiloma microphyllum, Pithecellobium lanceolatum, and Tabebuia rosea. We also found that monkeys preferred plant species with the biggest crown diameter (P= 0.000021) and highest values of DBH (P= 0.022). Our results represent a valuable tool to conservation plans, mainly because we highlight the importance (how and why) to identify not only key plant species for feeding, but species for diurnal resting, and their structural characteristics. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




“Our primates on alert: we are losing their forests and therefore, their species”?

*Bonarge A. Rodríguez1 & Pedro Méndez-Carvajal1,2

¹Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP), 0816-07905, Panamá, República de Panamá

2Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom, South Road, DH1 3LE

Corresponding author: [email protected] The human being, in his excessive desire for economic gain, has not taken into account that the destruction of nature not only affects how we live, but our very existence. So far, deforestation and hunting are the two main reasons that affect not only non-human primates but other wildlife flora and fauna species. The objective of this study was to do a brief overview of the logging situation that is happening in the largest natural park in Mesoamerica, the Darien National Park, as the previously mentioned activities have been seriously damaging the reserve, which is considered one of the most important forest hotspots of Mesoamerica. Darien National Park is located in the East side of Panama in Darien province and is 5,970 km². It has six primate subspecies, including the critically endangered black spider monkey and a non-yet confirmed species Ateles geoffroyi grisescens, which has Deficient Data according to IUCN. Results were obtained from direct and indirect observations. Counting trucks carrying wood (n=35), six woody species were predominant, 6,000 tree units in total have been extracted in a period of four months observation, each one 7 m long and 2.5 m wide, which means that the logging is happening in a very old forest, calculating a total area of 20 km². We conclude that more studies have to be done in this aspect of our country as conservation efforts are useless if governments do not protect the forest, and as a consequence, our natural resources. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




Total population and current distribution of squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedii oerstedii), Chiriqui province, Panama

*Elvia Miranda-Jiménez1 & Pedro Méndez-Carvajal1,2

¹Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP) 0816-07905, Panamá, República de Panamá,

2Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom


The squirrel monkey Saimiri oerstedii is a regional endemic species of south-eastern Costa Rica and southwestern Panama. In both countries, there are two subspecies: S. o. citrinellus in Costa Rica and S. o. oerstedii in Costa Rica and in the Chiriquí province of Panama. This species faces threats that include deforestation and building infrastructure. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) placed S. oerstedii under the category Endangered, however our judgment as a regional agency places it as Critically Endangered. In order to know the current status of this subspecies, we carried visits to different parts of the Chiriqui province to locate and count the population of squirrel monkeys, and other mammals, carrying out preliminary surveys to document distribution and the perception of local authorities on the presence of this species. At the time, it has been achieved the visit of 11 out of the 15 sites in the Chiriquí province with possible presence of monkeys, with a marked tendency to decrease in density with distance from the wooded area of Buríca Peninsula-Chorogo Reserve. Based on direct observations, canopy camera traps, line transect surveys, we estimate the total population of 750 individuals of S. o. oerstedii for Panama, and group average of 50 ind./group (n = 12, SD ± 41). Mostly, the distribution of troops are located in areas related to crops and crop residues, indicating a reduction in the natural habitat of this species. An environmental educational plan has been developed through talks to elementary schools, distribution of informative bookmarks, and reforestation. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




The Orion Camera System (OCS), how to set the system and review the cameras once up there…

Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal1,2, Ivelisse Ruiz-Bernard, *Luz I. Loría¹, Elvia Miranda¹, Ricardo Moreno, Bonarge A. Rodríguez¹

¹Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP), 0816-07905, Panamá, República de Panamá

2Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom, South Road, DH1 3LE


The arboreal fauna have been considered one of the most important factors that determine the activity pattern of predators and prey in a forest. Their presence and diversity also includes cryptic and nocturnal animals, as well as others that normally never come down to the understory and for that reason could pass unnoticed for diversity studies. The OCS has been a new alternative to observe what is in the middle strata of the canopy and study critically endangered species such as non-human primates. It has been already applied in Panama and Peru, and our interest is to explain how this system works, its negative and positive points, and over all to encourage more scientists to use this method. The method was published in the Mesoamericana Journal in 2014. Details of equipment needed, list of optional material, selection of effective places, and care about the cameras will be explained. In Panama, OCS has confirmed actual distributions of Ateles fusciceps rufiventris, Ateles geoffroyi panamensis, Aotus zonalis, Bassariscus sumichrasti, Choloepus hoffmanni, Sphiggurus mexicanus, Potos flavus, Saimiri oerstedii, and other species. The advantage of using this method to detect arboreal fauna is because it is easy to install and review and it is easy to change batteries and clean the camera traps without climbing trees, which is practical and helps also to reduce the budget by a significant amount. In Panama the arboreal fauna composes at least the 12% of our mammal diversity, so this method has been improving our evaluations to better support the protection of a study area. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION



RESUMENES DE LAS PONENCIAS DEL IV SIMPOSIO DE PRIMATES MESO 2016

___________________________________________________________________________

Regional Monitoring System: communitarian participation in surveying Mexican primate’s population (Ateles and Alouatta)

Gilberto Pozo Montuy1,2, Braulio Pinacho Guendulain3, Irving Castañeda Guerrero1, Gabriel

Ramos Fernández3

1(COBIUS A.C.) Conservación de la Biodiversidad del Usumacinta A.C. 2Grupo de Biología para la Conservación S. de R.L. de C.V.

3Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca Corresponding author: [email protected]

Spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) and Howling monkeys (Alouatta spp.) are considered as susceptible species for perturbed habitats. In 2012 priority sites for conservation were identified, especially for Mexican primates. The survey have been leaded thanks to the support of CONANP. The Regional Monitoring System (RMS) is based in communitarian participation, equipped and trained to monitor line transects and roads, to achieve a complete census. The sampling effort was 2,385 km long of paths and 16 established transects with 1,890 km. The occurrence rate of Ateles geoffroyi was 2.62 for El Ocote, 0.44 for La Sepultura, and 0.45 ind/km for La Encrucijada Tropical Forest. Occurrence rate for Alouatta pigra at Usumacinta Canyon´s influence zone and Terminos Lagoon were 3.2 and 1.4 ind/km respectively. Alouatta palliata were found in 11.3 and 4.5 ind/km respectively in La Chontalapa and South Veracruz. It is necessary to consolidate the RMS to assure long term monitoring, which lead to more effective conservation practices. , We recommend including wider areas inside Mesoamerica for comparative aims. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




Preliminary observations of crop-raiding by white-faced monkeys in an agricultural landscape, Chiriqui province, Panama

Luz I. Loría1,2, *Gary Esquivel1,2, Keneth Morán1,2 & Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal1,3

¹Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP), 0816-07905, Panamá, República de Panamá.

²Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Panamá, Sede Chiriquí, República de

Panamá

3Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom


Cebus imitator has shown good skills as crop-raider, an opportunistic behaviour developed to use the resources offered by farmlands near natural forests, although at some point causing economic loss. This negative effect has been used to promote the extermination of this species by local farmers. In 2014, FCPP started the first initiatives in Panama to study and improve our knowledge about this situation. The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary data to understand what is the crop-raiding process from the sowing stage until the harvest as well as what are the factors determining a change in Cebus’ feeding behaviour? Study area was the University of Panama, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias’ farm, which has maize fields mixed with grasslands and surrounding tropical wet forest. We set four camera traps at the edge of a maize field and monitored circadian activity and habitat use for each animal observed during 36 days with 2,269 day-hour’s effort. We observed four mammal species visiting the area: C. imitator, Procyon lotor, Puma yagouaroundi, and Conepatus semistriatus. We recorded five events of crop-raiding by C. imitator, determining primates used the agroecosystem mainly in the afternoon (mean ± SD; 14:48 ± 00:30). Mammals showed a habitat used of 14% for C. imitator, 31% for P. lotor, and 3% for C. semistriatus and P. yagouarondi. These preliminary data will serve as baseline information to establish a strategic long-term project that will help to understand better ways to mitigate crop-raiding and extirpation of C. imitator near farmlands. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




First efforts to assess the conservation status and distribution of the hooded spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi grisescens, Darien province, Panama

Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal1,2, *Ovidio Jaramillo¹, Bonarge Rodríguez¹, Guido

Berguido¹, Ricardo Moreno1,3, José Vargas6, Barbara Réthoré4,5, Julien Chapuis4,5 & Abel Batista1

¹Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP), 0816-07905, Panamá, República de Panamá.

2Department of Anthropology, Durham University, United Kingdom, South Road, DH1 3LE 3Yaguará-Panamá, Sociedad Panameña de Biología, Panamá

4NatExplorers, Angers, France 5Conserv-Action Non-Profit Organization, Montjean-sur-Loire, France

6Peregrine Fund, USA


The hooded spider monkey A. g. grisescens has not been studied since its scientific description in 1944 in Panama and Colombia. It is categorised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Data Deficient. Due to a lack of distribution studies, a high deforestation rate and hunting pressure, this species is undergoing an evaluation of its conservation status. We visited eight main areas into the Darien National Park and close by the Colombia-Panama border; we carried observations at Bajo Chiquito (Cemaco-Wounaan reserve), Tuira River north part, Maje Mountain Chain, including the Chucanti Nature Reserve and Marea. Diferent expeditions were organized to Cocalito, Pucuru, Boca de Cupe, Cituro, Serrania Pirre and Cana, trying to locate this primate. Biodiversity surveys were undertaken in unexplored and remote zones in the Darien forest using understory camera traps, Orion Camera System and mist-nets and transect line, we were able to reporting a representative species for protected forest; Panthera onca, Tayassu pecari, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tapirus bairdii, Mazama temama, Lontra longicaudis, Artibeus jamaicensis, Carollia perspicillata, Uroderma bilobatum, Sturnira lilium, Myotis nigricans. New presence/absence reports were obtained for primate species as Saguinus geoffroyi, A. fusciceps rufiventris, Cebus c. capucinus and Alouatta palliata, but A. g. grisecens. About 30 species of orchids and 160 birds were identified, as well as some important records of Atelopus certus, a Bothriechis schlegelii, and two unidentified species, a frog of the genus Silverstoneia sp. and a snake of the genus Leptophis sp.. Results of this expedition and updated expectations in our efforts to find the hooded spider monkey are presented. This project is funded by Rufford Booster Grant and Mohamed bin-Zayed Species Conservation Fund. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION




Population Survey of Mayan Saraguato (Alouatta pigra) in the North Zone of

the Centla Swamps Biosphere Reserve, Tabasco, Mexico

*Maritza Janet Miranda-Chan1, Gilberto Pozo-Montuy2, Guadalupe Velázquez

Vázquez2, Roberto Barrientos Medina1

1Ecology Department, Biological and Agricultural Science Campus, Autonomous University

of Yucatan. Highway Km. 15.5, Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, México, Zip Code 97100, Tel.

9999024558. E-mail [email protected]

2Scientific Investigation and Academic Connection Direction, Usumacinta´s Biodiversity

Conservation A.C. Gregorio Méndez 56, Downtown, Emiliano Zapata, Tabasco, Zip Code

86990, Mexico, Tel. 2226623768. E-mail [email protected]

Tabasco has almost a non-recoverable rainforests, it is also the only place where the two

Mexican Alouatta species are sympatric. Twenty-four years after the creation of The Centla

Swamps Biosphere Reserve (RBCP) there were not any effort on monitoring these species,

so the aim of this study was to recognize the primate’s diversity inside the RBPC, their

population parameters, and evaluate their conservation status. The study was sponsored by

the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas during July to December 2015, using

the complete census method sampling, scheduled from 6:00 to 18:00 hrs, registering

through direct observations all the primates detected. The only species found was A. pigra

with 1,084 total individuals, 197 groups, and 37 lonely individuals. The average per group

size was 5.3 ± 2.2 individuals. Ecological density was 90.95 ind/km2. Sexual proportion was

1.11:1 (female: male) and 0.59:1 (immature: female). More frequent social units were

multimale/multifemale and unimale/ multifemale. A. pigra was more abundant in tropical

dry forest of Haematoxylum campechianum. The A. pigra were generally observed between

ranges of 14.2±4.2 meters high. Fragment size range between 0.16 ha to 157.43 ha. The

studies and monitoring of primates in protected areas are fundamental for providing a

baseline and long-term information on variability of demographic traits. Such information is

essential also for improving our understanding of species tolerance to anthropogenic

disturbance and to assess whether these protected forests are functioning as a network and

an effective conservation tool.

(X) ORAL PRESENTATION





Primate rehabilitation and its role and contribution to conservation in Belize

Paul Walker, *Meredith Reeve & Zoe Walker

Wildtracks Primate Rehabilitation Centre, Belize


Belize has two species of primates - Geoffory’s spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi

yucatanensis) and the Yucatan Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra). Both are classified as

globally endangered. Population declines in Belize are attributed to habitat loss and

fragmentation, hunting, the illegal pet trade and, in the case of the howler monkeys, a

yellow fever epidemic in the 1950’s. Despite their unsuitability as pets and the laws

prohibiting their capture and captivity, there has been a largely unchecked and

unmonitored illegal pet trade, believed to have increased significantly over the last decade.

The Government-mandated Primate Rehabilitation Centre was established in late 2010

primarily to support the recently implemented zero-tolerance policy of confiscation of

illegally kept monkeys by the Belize Forest Department. This, combined with the

implementation of national awareness campaigns, provides mechanisms to significantly

impact the illegal pet trade, the target being a radical reduction in illegal primate pets by the

end of 2013. The primates received at the Centre go through a structured rehabilitation

process for eventual release back into the wild. For the howler monkeys in particular, this

provides an added conservation boost through use of rehabilitated monkeys to reintroduce

a viable population within the former range in north east Belize.

X ORAL PRESENTATION




Ecological Movement in Arboreal Primates: The case of Alouatta pigra in a fragmented landscape

*Gilberto Pozo-Montuy & Yadira M. Bonilla-Sánchez

Scientific Investigation and Academic Vinculation Direction, Usumacinta´s

Biodiversity Conservation, Mexico, A.C. Publication and Special Projects Coordination, Biology Group for Conservation S de

RL de CV. Mexico Corresponding author: [email protected]

In anthropogenic landscapes changes in patters of land-use among other socio-environmental factors may influence animal movements. Some primates have shown to have a great flexibility to survive in fragmented landscapes. Movements Direct Observations (MDO) were developed in Alouatta pigra between February to November of 2009 in two habitat conditions (small/large fragment) in a highly fragmented habitat with three repetitions in each condition to distinguish the influence of the fragment size over the primate movements. Primates living in small fragment conditions showed a higher number of displacements out of their habitat using different matrix elements and neighbouring fragments. The extra-group interactions factor, was found as capable of avoiding or favouring one group coming out of its habitat depending of its social status and the size of the fragment. Therefore a fragment-habitat must be defined in regard to animal movement; however, in the case of arboreal primates, that may use different matrix elements, a habitat is not reduced to just the fragment but it is increased to all supplements and complements that the animal may use. The study of animal movements will lead to a more cohesive knowledge about causes, patterns, mechanisms and consequences to manage and restore degraded landscapes. (X) ORAL PRESENTATION



Palabras de parte del Coordinador del Grupo de Interés Temático de Primates

Mesoamericanos (GIT Primates Meso)

Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal-FCPP

Es para el GIT Primates Mesoamericanos un placer el volver a reunirnos como simposio después de cuatro años cuando propusimos en Panamá “Un plan de acción para los primates Mesoamericanos”…un plan donde mencionaba la importancia de encontrar líderes en nuestros países para que juntos pudiéramos emprender primatologia en Mesoamérica, una ciencia de la cual se carece desarrollo y con la cual podremos unir esfuerzos para estudiar y salvar nuestras especies de primates que poco a poco se ven amenazadas por la deforestación en Latinoamérica. Es nuestro interés promover nuestros ánimos de emprender y armar nuestra ciencia, nuestras estrategias basadas en nuestros problemas, y hacerlo de manera unida ya que en nuestros países las causas de deterioro ambiental son muy similares y algunas veces provienen del mismo origen. En este simposio queremos hacer hincapié en la necesidad urgente de reaccionar, afrontando la difícil tarea de conservar sin apoyo logístico, fondos o asesoría científica, ya que es en nuestra región donde la primatología menos se ha desarrollado. Tenemos ya que nuestra naturaleza nos está enviando signos de deterioro ambiental, focos infecciosos, epidemias, y muertes masivas de monos aulladores fueron los encabezados en los periódicos locales de los primeros meses del año. Los invito a que disfruten de este simposio y mientras escuchan cada esfuerzo aquí planteado, analicen en su interior, como pueden incorporarse a nuestros esfuerzos, como podría cada uno de ustedes en sus países, ofrecer su aporte personal y profesional para que nuestra primatología se fortalezca, sobrepase los retos de obtener información básica de nuestros primates, para en base a ello algún día desarrollar investigación que no solamente ayude a conservar nuestras especies, sino también innove, demuestre la capacidad intelectual que existe en los científicos mesoamericanos. Estimados GIT Primates, La unión hace la fuerza, pero en la conservación la persistencia y el ahínco nos hará fuertes para todos los retos que hemos mencionado, gracias a todos por su asistencia y disfruten de este interesante congreso Mesoamericano y de nuestro aporte con los estudios más recientes de la primatología Mesoamericana. Para finalizar, quisiera hacer un llamado a los primatólogos de Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, para que el próximo año nos deleiten con información de sus países. Es nuestro ánimo realizar en este simposio el primer trabajo en conjunto de los primatólogos Mesoamericanos para unir esfuerzos de colaboración y promover nuestra ciencia, esperemos animarnos. Muchas gracias. PEDRO MÉNDEZ-CARVAJAL. PRIMATOLOGO PANAMEÑO, PRESIDENTE DE LA FUNDACION PRO-CONSERVACION DE LOS PRIMATES PANAMENOS (FCPP). [email protected]



____________________________________________________________________________ ANEXOS/FOTOS DEL IV SIMPOSIO DE PRIMATOLOGĺA/XX CONGRESO MESOAMERICANO DE BIOLOGĺA Y CONSERVACIÓN/BELIZE/SALÓN /CIUDAD DE BELIZE, CENTRO AMERICA


ANEXOS/FOTOS DEL IV SIMPOSIO DE PRIMATOLOGĺA/XX CONGRESO MESOAMERICANO DE BIOLOGĺA Y CONSERVACIÓN/BELIZE/SALÓN /CIUDAD DE BELIZE, CENTRO AMERICA


PROBLEMAS A ENFRENTAR EN LA CONSERVACION MESOAMERICANA Y

ALGUNAS ESTRATEGIAS INDIVIDUALES QUE FUNCIONAN

Por: Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal

Problemáticas de conservación a enfrentar:

o anteriores: cacería, fuego, deforestación o perdida de hábitat

o extras: falta de compromiso, falta de liderazgo, falta de fondos

o Carencia de información, desarrollo personal y profesional .

Compromiso: ejemplo de la ambulancia: “Vemos a un herido en la calle y nos reunimos en

círculo...todos quisiéramos hacer algo para ayudar a la persona, pero pensamos quizá

alguien más lo hará…al final nadie hace nada y la persona muere.

Moraleja: A veces tenemos que actuar de forma individual!!! Si lo dejamos para las

organizaciones, se pelean los fondos y compiten por negocio y no por el objetivo: resultado:

perdida de esfuerzo, tiempo y dinero, sobre todo, perdida del mono a proteger. Si lo

dejamos para biólogos solamente, la gente no participa y la información no fluye.

o Respuesta: necesitamos entonces agotar nuestro último recurso: líderes

individuales que desarrollen la rama, deben ser personas sacrificadas, creer en lo

que hacen y no esperar recompensas hasta que no se vea reflejado los frutos de su

trabajo.

o Implica: ingenio, agresividad, ser autodidacta, aprender inglés, aprender a escribir

propuestas, aprender a publicar sus trabajos, aprender a escuchar críticas, aprender

a compartir su proyecto una vez montado solo, aprender haciendo con ensayo y

error, aprender a copiar lo bueno de los demás y a identificar lo malo de los demás.

o Mensaje final: No podemos seguir siendo los mirones de palo en una emergencia

que ocurre en frente de nosotros, no podemos seguir esperando a que alguien nos

haga el trabajo o nos resuelva el problema. Pensemos todos los países que se han

desarrollado en primatología y veámoslos como un ejemplo, innovemos y

produzcamos ciencia nueva.

o De nada sirve listados de especies, estatus de conservación, listados de UICN,

listados de la especie más amenazada, listado de cosas que tenemos que hacer,

reconocer la causas de la extinción de un animal (puedo seguir enumerando los

extensos reportes y pleitos por taxonomía controversial, reportes finales congresos

y simposios..). La muestra en este simposio es que no ha servido de mucho detectar

estos puntos mientras no haya alguien que tome la responsabilidad en cada uno de

nuestros países.

o Estadísticas de trabajos producidos en Mesoamérica sobre primatología, siempre se

sacan las mismas conclusiones pero que se hace? Que tenemos?

o Antes: Teníamos más recurso disponible, pocos biólogos y especialistas.

Actualmente: Tenemos menos recursos (monos), más biólogos, publicaciones? Si las

publicaciones se quedan en las tesis de licenciatura y no se publican, no se ha hecho

mucho, porque nadie las vuelve a ver y no se pueden citar. Si las soluciones y


acciones se quedan en un papel o en las manos de un gobierno de turno, o en una

organización extranjera nunca vamos a crear nuestra línea de investigación. Nos

toca crear y mantener algo latente, encargarnos de que eso palpite y crezca,

necesitamos un pionero en cada país.

Algunos datos a tomar en cuenta para un pionero:

Todo pionero tiene ventajas y desventajas:

Es el primero en hacer algo, lo cual garantiza un mayor

conocimiento en el tema si se mantiene investigando, esto lo marca

indiscutiblemente como punto de referencia para su país, su

“desventaja es: compromiso” porque todos esperaran de este

pionero, y si el pionero es mediocre o no tiene voluntad, su acción

no rendirá frutos a largo plazo.

Un pionero tiene mayor probabilidad de conseguir apoyo que

alguien que no desarrolla nada por su cuenta, esto le puede

garantizar becas de estudio, trabajo y otras ventajas que no siempre

vienen de principio.

Un pionero aprende haciendo, pero tiene sus propios enemigos:

o Un pionero tendrá que luchar constantemente con su

negativas personales, como por ejemplo: “porque hago esto

sin que alguien me pague, seré tonto”? O: “No puedo hacer

esto, no estoy capacitado”…pero acaso lo que haces no es

importante y se necesita? Y si no lo haces tú quien lo hará?

Querrás pasar esperando otros 20 años más hasta que

alguien con la misma idea que tu pero más convencido que

tú lo haga? Y si no estás capacitado, puedes capacitarte en

el camino mientras haces tú investigación, sino miremos los

ejemplos de Jack Coustoue, Charles Darwin, quiénes de ellos

estaban interesados en diseñar un traje de buceo y una

carrera llamada Evolución? No estaban pensando en eso

cuando lo hicieron, ambos estaban enfocados en desarrollar

su investigación, y la presión por mejorar sus observaciones

los hizo demandar nuevas tecnologías, nuevos

pensamientos. Si ellos lo han logrado, no podemos

nosotros con mismas capacidades crear y ser personas

pioneras?

o Negativas: El pionero encontrara el camino muy difícil, hay que estar preparado. El pionero

encontrara que nadie lo entiende, que las puertas se cierran, competirá una y otra vez

incansablemente por ser escuchado y será incluso refutado por sus propios compatriotas

quienes dudaran de su capacidad y veracidad. El pionero se encontrara con personas que

estarán celosas a nivel profesional, y reconoceremos que en nuestro mundo de la biología

también se mueve el celo profesional por una publicación, por un dinero o por posición

social, pero no descansara hasta demostrar que puede pasar todas estas barreras. Una vez

esto suceda, el pionero será respetado y querido.


o Mensaje Final: He preparado una breve lista de pasos a seguir para que nuestra

primatología siga adelante y crezca:

Para pioneros:

1. Busquen las carencias en sus países en cuanto a primatología, que tenemos y que

hace falta?

2. Desarrollen un plan de estudio enfocado en comprender lo más básico: Distribución,

Número poblacional total de especies, Estado de Conservación Regional (ojo no de

CITES ni UICN sino el criterio personal del investigador del país).

3. Publique en inglés y español en revistas científicas que puedan ser citadas.

4. Comunicación: comuníquese con personas del ámbito primatológico que sepan de

su tema y que sean honestas. Esto le abrirá su campo experimental y lo hará

modificar a mejor sus métodos de estudio.

5. Realice muestreos en cualquier momento que pueda, la colecta de datos en

nuestros países es sumamente importante, sea entregado a la ciencia, sus datos

serán para usted poder escalar más alto.

6. Publique en periódicos locales con información básica para el local, de esta forma

usted educa mientras estudia e involucra a las personas de su pueblo. Esto hace que

su estudio tenga impacto conservacionista porque abre mentes y conciencias.

7. Mantenga un proyecto a largo plazo con lo que pueda, con asesoría o bajo su

conciencia científica usted llegará muy lejos.

8. Evite que otras instituciones de mayor peso en su país le absorban su proyecto, si lo

permite, esto llevará al trasto su objetivo principal que es “formar primatólogos en

su país y llevar alternativas nuevas de estudio al país”. Sin primatólogos nativos de

su país la conservación no podrá ser completamente fuerte.

9. Trabaje continuamente en sus propuestas, artículos y reuniones, usted verá que

mucho tiempo libre se puede sacar para su proyecto y gozará sabiendo que es

productivo.

10. Tentaciones: cuidado con las tentaciones, la mayor prueba de fuego de un pionero

es lograr su primer fondo y malversar los mismos. Trabaje duro por su credibilidad y

manténgala.


Synopsis of the film “Isthmus that connects the North to the South, Central America is one of the richest and most threatened reservoirs of biodiversity of the planet. From Southern Mexico to Panama, Barbara and Julien led a 200-day expedition alongside those who act to protect nature in this region. Through encounters, discoveries and testimonies, the two biologists share with us their adventure, both scientific and human. This inspiring documentary, on a road movie tone, warns us to take urgent action, invites us to reconsider our relationship with nature and questions our answers in addressing the biodiversity crisis” Outputs: Mesoamerican professionals thanked the producers with strong clapping. Positive comments were pronounced during the meeting about the film; maybe the first produced involving several countries from Mesoamerica and with national researchers. Thank you to Barbara and Julien for this beautiful piece of work.

AMERICAS IN BETWEEN-An adventure in nature 52 minutes’ documentary Directed by Barbara Réthoré & Julien Chapuis Self-produced and distributed by NatExplorers


Asistentes al IV Simposio de Primates Mesoamericanos 2016


Interesados en participar del Proyecto Orión Camera System-Mesoamerica

Referencia: Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. 2016. Memoria del IV Simposio Mesoamericano de Primatología. Grupo de Interés Temático de Primates/SMBC. Belize, Belize.

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