membrane amd flashing condition indexes built-up … · 2014-09-27 · )-a198 368 membrane amd...

)-A198 368 MEMBRANE AMD FLASHING CONDITION INDEXES FOR BUILT-UP 1/2ROOFS VOLUME 2 INSPE (U) CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERINGRESEARCH LAS (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL N Y SHANIN ET AL

UNCLASSIFIED SEP 87 CERL-TR-H-87/13-VOL-2 F/G 13/13 UL

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1 0 0 USA-CERL TECHNICAL REPORT M-87/13, VOL. IIF4.co September 1987MA C Roofing Maintenance Management Systemus Army Corps

C) of EngineersConstruction Engineering01 Research Laboratory

Membrane and Flashing Condition Indexesfor Built-Up Roofs

Volume II: Inspection and Distress Manual

byMohamed Y. ShahinDavid M. BaileyDonald E. Brotherson

Because no systematic procedure exists to determinepriorities and select repair strategies for low-slope roofs, theU.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory(USA-CERL) is developing a roof maintenance managementsystem that will provide a practical decisionmaking pro-cedure to identify cost-effective repairs.

As part of the system for built-up roofs, this volumepresents the standardized information needed to conductthe visual inspection survey, including names, descriptions,severity levels, measurement criteria, causes, and photo-graphs of membrane and flashing distresses. Procedures fordistress density calculations are also provided. Roof inspec-tors can use this information to objectively determine theindexes that reflect the (1) ability of the membrane and Dflashing to perform their functions, (2) needed level of ELECTEmaintenance, and (3) waterproof integrity.

Volume I describes the development and verification of , JAN19 1988the indexes.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 3 ' ,

,%; . , ' I w . - -

The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, orpromotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute anofficial indorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products.The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Departmentof the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents.

DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN IT IS NO LONGER NEEDEDDO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR

Unclassified J-EC. RJT CLASSIFiCATION OF THIS PAGEv

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE .A4 48

R EPORT SEC'jRl' CLASSiFICA' ON lb RES7RPCT,,E MARINGSUnclassifiled

'a SEC,,RITY C.ASS4?CATON AUTHORITY 3 DIS7rR gu'.ON A AKLAB' I> RLP5ORT

Approved for public release; distrihution'b DECASSFICATrON% DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE is unlimited

.2 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S MON ',)RN %( 51GA% N, 1A 04 QE; G5P ' -' E

USA-CERL TR M-87/13, Vol. II

Ed *%AME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFiCE SYMBOL 7a NAME O. MONI rOR'NG ORGA% Za' ON

U.S. Army Construction Engr (it applicable)

Research Laboratory I_____________________

6ic ADDRESS (City, State. and ZIP Code) 7b ADDRELSS Cry State and ZIP Code)

P.O. Box 4005Champaign IL 61820-1305

3a %AME OF FUJNDING SPONSOR'NG So OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCuREMENT !NSTRuVEN 0EN,F,CArTON 14LVBEP

O~RGANIZATION (It applicable) FADs N62472-85P05008, N62472-85WR00 15 i,1. Northern Division (cont Id) N62472-85WROO132

8c ADDRESS (Cty, State. and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING N-MBERS

1. Philadelphia Naval Base PROGRAM IiROiECT TASK A 0 RNPhiladelphia PA 19112-5094 EALEMENT NO ~ CO NO044S"..

2. 20 Massachusetts Ave.- N.W. (cont'd) 4A162731______I__AT41______044 _

- i :(include Secu~rity classification)Membrane and Flashing Condition Indexes for Built-Up Roofs, Volume II: Inspectionand Distress Manual

2 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)

Shahin, Mohamed Y.; Bailey, David M.; Brotherson, Donald E.13a TYPE OF REPORT 13b T!ME COVERED To14 DATE OF REPORT (Year Moth~ Day) III PAGE COUjNT

final 11 ROM ____ o1987, September 98163 SPPLEMIENTARY NOTA- ON

Copies are available from the National Technical Information Service

17COSATI CODES IS SjB ECT "ERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by b/ock number)

SF GROUP SuB-GROUP management information system13mainframe built-up reiofs

roofs13ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

-Because no systematic procedure exists to determine priorities and select repairstrategies for low-slope roofs, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering ResearchLaboratory (USA-CERL) is developing a roof maintenance management system that willprovide a practical decisionmaking procedure to identify cost-effective repairs.

As part of the system for built-up roofs, this volume presents the standardizedinformation needed to conduct the visual inspection survey, including names, descrip-tions, severity levels, measurement criteria, causes and photographs of membrane andflashing distresses. Procedures for distress density calculations are also provided. Roofinspectors can use thiz: information to objectively determine the indexes that reflect the(1) ability of the membrane and flashing to perform their functions, (2) needed level ofmaintenance, and (3) waterproof integrity.

Volme decriesthe development and verification of the indexes.r.AA 1 A5...TY 0 ARSIPACT ",ARQacSECk (:1,"CA0

%( %, ") D . MTDA~ S~ f DT C 4F Unclassifiud-

G*lIj 9~3;Uioria Wienke (217) 352-6511- ext 35' CEGL- YT

00 FOW4 1473. i %,. 1 -fav.1. d.wd

Unc I Ii-;- i fi e

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Unclassified

Block 8a. (cont'd)

Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NORTHNAVFACENGCOM)

2. OCE

Block 8c. (cont'd)

Washington, DC 20314-1000

Unclassified

FOREWORD

This project was funded by the Northern Division Naval Facilities EngineeringCommand (NORTHNAVFACENGCOM), U.S. Naval Base, Philadelphia, PA, under FundingAuthorization Documents N62472-85P05008, N62472-85WR00151, and N62472-85WR00132. The U.S. Navy Technical Monitor was Mr. Tom Wallace. Funds were alsoprovided by the Assistant Chief of Engineers, Office of Chief of Engineers (OCE), underProject 4A162731AT41, "Military Facilities Engineer Technology"; Task C, "Operations/Management/Repair"; Work Unit 044, "Roofing Maintenance Management System." TheU.S. Army Technical Monitor was Mr. Chester Kirk, DAEN-ZCF-B.

The work was performed by the Engineering and Materials (EM) Division, U.S. ArmyConstruction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL) in cooperation with theU.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) and theU.S. Army Facilities Engineering Support Agency (FESA). Dr. R. Quattrone is Chief ofUSA-CERL-EM. The Technical Editor was Gloria J. Wienke, Information ManagementOffice.

Mr. Donald Brotherson is a member of the Small Homes Council-Building ResearchCouncil, University of Illinois.

Special acknowledgement is due to contractors Mr. John Bradford and Mr. DwightJennings, who were key members of the development team and participated in all fieldtesting and validation efforts. The assistance of the following individuals is acknow-ledged and appreciated: Mr. Robert Alumbaugh, Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory(NCEL); Mr. Mark de Ogburn, SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM; Mr. Dennis Firman, Air ForceEngineering and Services Center (AFESC); Mr. Ed Humm, NCEL; Mr. Al Knehans, FESA;Mr. Myer Rosenfield, USA-CERL; and Mr. Wayne Tobiasson, CRREL.

COL Norman C. Hintz is Commander and Director of USA-CERL, and Dr. L. R.Shaffer is Technical Director.

Accession For

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CONTENTS

Page

DD FORM 1473 1FOREWORD 3LIST OF FIGURES 5

1 INTRODUCTION..................................................... 7Backround.......................................................... 7Objective......................................................... 7Approach .......................................................... 7Using the Manual.................................................... 8

2 PROCEDURES FOR ROOF INSPECTION AND' ULATION OF INDEXES ........................................... 9

Irtroduction....................................................... 9Roof Sections....................................................... 9Roof Plans........................................................ 9Inspection Procedure............................................... 12Inspection Guidelines............................................... 14Calculating the Indexes............................................. 18

3 FLASHING DISTRESSES.............................................. 23Index ............................................................. 23Base Flashing ...................................................... 24Metal Cap Flashing ................................................. 30Embedded Edge Metal.............................................. 36Flashed Penetrations............................................... 41Pitch Pans........................................................ 46Interior Drains and Roof Level Scuppers ................................ 50

4 MEMBRANE DISTRESSES............................................. 53Index ............................................................. 53Blisters ........................................................... 54Ridges ............................................................ 57Splits ............................................................. 60Holes ............................................................. 62Surface Deterioration ............................................... 63Slippage .......................................................... 68Patching .......................................................... 70

Debris and Vegetation ............................................... 73IImproper Equipment Supports........................................ 76Ponding ........................................................... 80

APPENDIX A: Deduct Value Curves 83

APPENDIX B: Inspection and Rating Sheets 93

DISTRIBUTION

1m I I i,.I~

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Page

1 Membrane and Flashing Condition Indexes (MCI and FCI)and Ratings 8

2 Roof Inspection Worksheet 10

3 Legend to be Used on Roof Section Plans 11

4 Completed Roof Inspection Worksheet 13

5 Check Height of Base Flashing Above Deck 15

6 Check Base Flashing Height by Running Fingers BehindCounterflashing 15

7 Sweep Gravel Back From Embedded Edge Metal to ExposeJoints 16

8 Tear in Stripping Felts Exposed by Sweeping Gravel Away

at Joints 16

9 Roof Drain Clogged by Debris 17

10 Removing Debris Frees the Drain 17

11 Scupper Opening is too Small and Easily Clogged. Reportin the "Remarks" Section of the Roof Inspection Worksheet. 19

12 Metal Curb Around Scuttle is Corroded and Needs Paint.Report in the "Remarks" Section. 19

13 Steps for Determining Roof Membrane Condition Rating 20

14 Roof Section Rating Form 21

.. 1

MEMBRANE AND FLASHING CONDITIONINDEXES FOR BUILT-UP ROOFSVOLUME II: INSPECTION ANDDISTRESS MANUAL

1 INTRODUCTION

Background

Each of the U.S. armed services branches has a very large inventory of low-sloperoofs. Roof repairs and reconstruction work are steadily increasing as the roofs approachthe end of their service lives, making it increasingly important to better managemaintenance funds. To ensure the optimum use of these funds, the U.S. Army Construc-tion Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL) is developing a roofing maintenancemanagement system for low-slope roofs. This work is being performed with the coordi-nation and assistance of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora-tory (CRREL) and the U.S. Army Facilities Engineering Support Agency (FESA).

The system will be developed initially for built-up roofs and will include otherroofing systems in the future. The system will be based on a roof condition evaluationprocedure which includes a visual inspection survey and nondestructive testing of theroof insulation. The visual inspection will provide a membrane condition index (MCI) andflashing condition index (FCI) which are numerical indicators that reflect the conditionof each component in terms of its ability to perform its function, needed level ofmaintenance and repair, and waterproof integrity.

The two condition indexes are calculated based on the type, severity, and density ofdistress as determined from the visual roof inspection. To obtain repeatable andmeaningful condition index values, distress identification and measurement must bestandardized.

Objective

The objective of this work effort was to develop a roof condition index procedurefor built-up roofs determined from a visual inspection. This volume provides roof

*Q inspectors with a standardized reference for distress identification for both the mem-brane and flashing. The distress information is to be used in conjunction with theprocedures presented in Chapter 2 to determine the MCI and FCI.

1ApproachThe existing U.S. Air Force roof condition index (RCI) procedure' was modified to

improve its accuracy, reduce field effort, and increase its usefulness. The modificationsand improvements were field tested and revised based on results obtained at sevenmilitary installations located in different climates. Guidelines for performing roofinspections and procedures for computing the MCI and FC1 were developed.

'Built-Up Roof Management Programs, Air Force Manual, AFM 91-36, 3 September 1980.

76_

Using the Manual

Chapter 2 contains the inspection procedures. Distresses for the flashing andmembrane are presented in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. Names, descriptions, severitylevels, photographs, measurement criteria, and causes are presented for each distress.

It is very important that the inspector be able to identify all distress types andtheir severity levels and specific defects. The inspector should study this manual andcarry a copy for reference during the inspection.

The results of the roof inspection are to be used in conjunction with procedures inChapter 2 to determine the MCI and FCI and their respective ratings (Figure 1). Deductvalue curves are in Appendix A. A sample of the sheets to be used by the roof inspectorsis provided in Appendix B.

It should be emphasized that inspectors must follow the distress descriptions in thismanual to arrive at meaningful and consistent values for the condition indexes.

MCI orFCI RATING

-- 00 -

~EXCELLENT

VERY GOOD

70

GOOD

55

FAIR

S4 0 P

PO0OR

'..''...''.. VERY POOR

IO FAILED

Figure 1. Membrane and Flashing Conditition Indexes (MCI and FCI) and ratings.

04,

-r -r

2 PROCEDURES FOR ROOF INSPECTIONAND CALCULATION OF INDEXES

Introduction

Determining the condition indexes requires measurement of all the existing roofmembrane and flashing distresses. A thorough roof inspection must be made to deter-mine the types, severity, specific defects, and amounts (density) of each distresspresent. This inspection must be carefully organized and planned to provide thenecessary information for determining the membrane and flashing conditions.

This chapter presents the procedures for visually inspecting built-up roofs andcomputing the membrane and flashing condition indexes.

Roof Sections

Dividing a building's roof into sections and rating each separately provides a betterevaluation of the overall roof condition because (1) a roof section that is in poorcondition would not detract from the condition index of a good roof section on the samebuilding, and (2) a condition index indicating that replacement of the section is necessarywould not signal replacement of the roof on the entire building.

A section is generally delineated by:

* expansion joints or area dividers* different roof elevations* areas of major repair or replacement* areas that were built at different times. areas having different roof systems, different amounts of roof traffic and/or

rooftop equipment, or radically different occupancies below the roof* areas having particularly sensitive occupancies below, such as computer

centers, operating rooms or command centers.

Some judgment is necessary in cases where the roof is segmented into very smallareas or if there are no identifiable delineations on large roofs. Small sections may becombined where practical. However, if areas have distinct differences in characteristicssuch as different structural systems, roof systems, or environments below the roofstructure (i.e., canopies, freezers, unheated warehouses), they should be treated asindividual sections. Large areas without delineations can be divided into sections withareas of 25,000 to 40,000 sq ft.

Roof Plans

Each roof section should have a roof plan which is drawn to a scale (approximately1" = 30' ) that fits on the Roof Inspection Worksheet (Figure 2). The plan should show allphysical roof features, including perimeter conditions (roof edge, expansion joint,penthouse, etc.), rooftop equipment, projections through the roof, roof drains, walkways,sign supports, piping, etc. Standard symbols should be used to identify these itemswhenever possible (Figure 3).

9

ROOF ~ ~ I INPCINW RSEI INSTALLAION____

BULPN 4S-PR FLASHEDG PE7P-SLT V-1 FAI T DAE E

SECTDRIN C CPER S URFLAHN SrT FT -NAMEI

0 1

FP - ~ FLASHE PEN T R R C T

SCALE: _______NORTH

Figure 2. Roof inspection worksheet. (This form has been reduced in size.)

01

L"X"1 H =HATCH

E : EQUIPMENTP = PENTHOUSE

S = SKYLIGHT

SC SOLAR COLLECTORT = TRANSFORMER

V = VENTILATOR

o r ANTENNA

A CORE SAMPLE

0 VENT PIPE

* DRAIN OR DOWNSPOUT

F-H LADDER

= S SCUPPER

or CHIMNEY OR FLUE

PITCH PAN

0 FLASHED PIPE

__ LIGHTNING ROD

ROOF EDGE

_PARAPET WALL OR ADJACENT BLDG

EXPANSION JOINT OR ROOF DIVIDER

fj Figure 3. Legend to be used on roof section plans.

- - -

Inspection Procedure

Survey Team

The roof inspection should be performed by a team of at least two people: aninspector and a recorder. The inspector surveys the roof, identifying distresses anddetermining severity levels, specific defects, and quantities. The recorder records thedata on the Roof Inspection Worksheet and assists in measuring distress quantities whenrequired. The recorder must also serve as the safety observer for the team.

Supplies

The following supplies are required for performing the inspection:

Inspection and Distress ManualPencil and clipboardRoof Inspection WorksheetsSmall 3 in. pointing trowel (to scrape gravel)Can of spray paintStiff bristle whisk broomPocket knife12-ft and 100-ft measuring tapesLarge plastic bag (to collect rooftop debris)Satchel (for carrying tools and materials)

Survey Preparation

The survey team should complete the general information section at the top of theRoof Inspection Worksheet (Figure 2) and gain access to the roof section. Contact thebuilding superintendent or custodian for assistance. Develop or verify the roof planbefore the survey begins. All penetrations, projections, and rooftop equipment should beshown and located correctly. Check plan dimensions against actual field dimensions.

Distress Survey

Perform the distress survey using the following steps:

1. Inspect the perimeter flashing. Establish a starting point at one corner of theroof section. Walk the entire perimeter, examining the base flashing, embedded edgemetal flashing, and metal cap flashing.

2. Identify all distresses and specific defects according to the distress manual.Mark each medium and high severity distress with spray paint.* Enter each identifieddistress by type, severity level, specific defect (specific defects are listed numericallyfor each distress [see Chapters 3 and 4]), and quantity on the Roof Inspection Work-sheet. Note the location of each distress on the roof plan using an identification number(Figure 4). Determine the distress quantities using the measurement criteria described inChapters 3 and 4.

3. After inspecting the perimeter, work across the roof area inspecting all otherflashings: curbed penetrations, flashed penetrations, pitch pans, drains, etc. Record dataas in step 2.

*To be used by maintenance personnel for !ooating necessary work.

12

ROOF INSPECTION WORKSHEET INSTALLATION_ "". ,C.. -

BUILDING - PER. FLASHING-S7i FT DATE b-7'M 'I-7SECTION _ __ CURB FLASHING S C- FT NAME t ,,,IT.OF - BASE FLASH DISTRESS TYPE I D S D 0

D I E E UMC - METAL CAP OL - BLISTERS SL - SLIPPAGE E I V F AEM - EMBEDDED MET NO - RIDGES PA - PATCHING N T E E N

T R R C T-FP - FLSHED PEN SP - SPLITS DV - DEBRIS A VEG E I T I

PP - PITCH PANS HL - HOLES EQ - EQ SUPPORTS N B T TOR - DRAIN & SCUPPER BR - SURF DET PO - PONDING 0 I y y

I Ff L I11

e L 11125I 3 w H '2 It

4 1f M 2 3)5 M(- L 1Z 5

D I L I I

(it> _ IF __4

, ';1'H 41-7 H FT 4 14:'8 -? "1- -- '2l L

L4 F H 1 k23

t lo V4 PA 1 3

i5g" 1 "

SCALE: "NORTH

Fig~ure 4. Completed roof inspection worksheet. (TJhis f'orm has boon r(,du,'wr in -j,,.)

(C~ _ I

4. Inspect the roof membrane. Establish a starting point at one corner of the roofsection. Using 10- to 15-ft wide strips, sweep back and forth across the roof sectionsurveying the entire membrane. Record data as in step 2.

5. Complete the "Remarks" section on the back of the Roof Inspection Worksheet.

It is imperative to use the distress definitions listed in this distress manual whenperforming roof inspections. If these definitions are not followed, accurate indexescannot be determined. Use a second Roof Inspection Worksheet if the first one becomesfilled.

Inspection Guidelines

The guidelines below should be followed when performing the visual inspection and

distress survey.

Base Flashing

Measure height of top termination of base flashing above the roof surface(Figure 5). To establish the height, run fingers up behind the counterflashing. If the baseflashing height cannot be determined, assume it is adequate (Figure 6).

Metal Cap Flashing

Check for looseness of metal cap flashing by attempting to lift it by hand atseveral locations.

Embedded Edge Metal

Determine the total number of joints by dividing the total length of embedded edgemetal flashing by the length of the edge metal sections (normally 10 ft). Inspect everyfourth joint for splits in the stripping felts, removing any loose gravel or dirt from thejoint using the small whisk broom and pointing trowel (Figure 7). Determine the numberof inspected joints that are high severity (have splits in the stripping felts [Figure 81) andmultiply by 4 to get the total number of high severity joints (one joint equals 1 ft). Allother joints are considered medium severity. Multiply the number of inspected joints notcounted as high severity by 4 to obtain the total number of medium severity joints.Check that the embedded edge metal flashing is secure by attempting to lift the outsideedge.

Flashed Penetrations

Check the height of the flashing sleeve above the roof surface. Use a whisk broomand trowel to examine stripping felts.

Interior Drains and Roof Level Scuppers

Check all drains and scuppers and remove debris whenever possible (Figures 9 and10). When inspecting drains, make sure the clamping ring is tight. Stripping felts aroundscuppers should be inspected for holes at corners.

14

Figure 5. Check height of base. flashing above deck.

9..

Figure 6. Check base flashing height by running fingers behindcounterf lashing.

_I I

Figure 7. Sweep gravel back from embedded edge metal to expose joints.

Figure 8. Tear in stripping felts exposed by sweeping gravel awayat joints.

Figure 9. Roof drain clogged by debris.

.AM,

.17

Membrane

Membrane inspection requires surveying the entire roof area. However, when largeareas of a particular distress and severity level are present (especially on large roofs),the representative sampling technique can be used. Select a portion of the roof (approxi-mately 1000 sq ft) which appears to be typical of the entire roof area. Measure thequantity of distress in the sample area and by extrapolation, calculate the quantity forthe entire roof area. An area that differs greatly from the majority of the roof should besurveyed separately.

General

The following is a list of general guidelines for the roof inspection:

* Be careful not to damage the roof. Do not step on blisters, kick base flashing orstep on edge flashing.

* Note existing problems that are not included in the lists of flashing andmembrane distresses in the "remarks" section on the back of the worksheet. Figures 11and 12 show examples of these problems. Walk the outside of the building and look forwater stains, efflorescence, missing mortar, spalled brick, and gutter and drainageproblems.

* Walk the interior of the building and examine the ceiling below the roof deckfor water marks. Note rusting or other signs of water penetration or leaks in the"remarks" section on the back of the worksheet.

* If there is snow or a large area of ponding on the roof, postpone the inspectionuntil the roof is clear.

* Wherever possible, use a measuring tape to determine roofing distress quanti-ties. Estimating is acceptable when necessary; however, the rating accuracy will be onlyas good as the estimating accuracy. Pacing to find lengths, or some other quantifyingestimating method, is preferable to an "eyeball" estimate.

* If more than one severity level of a distress exists in a localized area, count theentire area at the highest severity level.

Calculating the Indexes

Once the condition survey is completed, determine the FCI and MCI for the roofsection. Calculating the condition indexes is a simple procedure which involves fivesteps (Figure 13).

1. For each combination of distress and severity level, transfer the quantities fromthe Roof Inspection Worksheet to the Roof Section Rating Form (Figure 14).

2. Total the quantities for each combination, calculate their correspondingdensities, and determine the deduct values *om the deduct value curves (Appendix A) foreach distress type and severity.

,I

JV.

Figre11 Superopnig s oosmllan esiy loge. eprtinth

"Remarks"~~~~~~~~~~~~ seto ntebc fteRo npcin Wrset

Figure ~ ~ ~ ~ q 12. Mea cubaon ctl scroedadnespit eotith "Rmrs secion

STEP INSPECT ROOF DETERMINE DISTRESS TYPES AND SEVERITY LF'. LiDETERMINE QUANTITIES AND CALCULATE DENSITIES

MFMBRANE RIDCES

MEME' -\NE BLISTERS

STEP 2 DETERMINE DEDUCT VALUES

________(91.) ____100 ImoeS (ftaJ NEMORANE

_ _ _ _ I II ; I A00 t~ i jq o, -t "ll ifl

40 40

100

DISTRES DENSITY - PERCENT DISTES DENSITY - PERCENT

STEP 5. DETERMINE MEMBRANFCONDITION RATING.

STEP 3 COMPUTE CORRECTED DEDUCT VALUE. m-

F('C

o 0

405

o 0lwI of Iew

G.t, tfT hop I Po.wA 40 7

20 ~ ~~~~ W-.. 60 S oo'2 40 IO o

D~ (0UC VAAs Zovl vEP POO*

STEP 4 COMPUTE MEMBRANE CONDITION INDEX (MCI) =100-CDV ' E

Figure 13. Steps for determining roof membrane condition rating.I 20

-CI IFUI13 WWWWWW - - - - -W --

ROOF SECTION RATING FORMBUILDING ! SECTION 6 DATE 2.1I MAYS7cAPER. FLASHING FT FLASHING *,CCHKQ BYCURB FLASHING ~kFT 'TOTAL 565.FT A R EA .lW;JP0S F TA

FLASHING MEMBRANEDISTRESS TYPE DISTRESS TYPE

BF - BASE FLASH DR - DRAIN BL - BLISTERS SL - SLIPPAGEMC - METAL CAP SCUPPER RG - RIDGES PA - PATCHINGEM - EMBEDDED MET SP - SPLITS OV - DEBRIS & VEG

F- FLASHED PEN HL - HOLES EQ - EQU SUPPORTSPP - PITCH PANS SR - SURF DIET PD - PONDING

TYESEV' QUANTITIES I TOT.1 DEN. DV TYPE SEVI QUANTITIES TOT., DEN, Dv

OF L 13c0+423 Aq3IA' /7 &L !!! -t-12 l d 1 1 3M&It 101.9 1- PA___-0-IV __3_Y,___

ar M 31 4 ~ jl3f3 .73 47

DRL I SP 11 ~~ce /2- TA lPPPf 14 11 H .0FP 1 H/l-I14"0

3 MpJr

CORRECTED DEDUCT VALUE (CDV) CORRECTED DEDUCT VALUE (CDV)

FCI =100 - CDV~ MCI= 100- CDV,

FLASHING RATING- _________ MEMBRANE RATING, POOR____

Figure 14. Roof section rating form. (This form has been rodueed in size.)I 21

.... .... ..... z..

,w..

3. For each component (flashing and membrane), list the individual deduct valuesin descending order and compute the sum of the deduct values (EDV) and q (# of DV's > 1)as shown below. Determine the corresponding corrected deduct values (CDVs) from theCorrected Deduct Value Curves (Appendix A). The CDV of maximum value should beused to compute the condition index.

Flashing (distress data from Figure 14)

DV EDV q CDV

21 21 1 2117 38 2 2413 51 3 2813 64 4 3211 75 5 339 84 6 332 86 7 321 87 7 31

Maximum CDVflashing =33

Membrane (distress data from Figure 14)

DV zDV q CDV

65 65 1 @14 79 2 557 86 3 535 91 4 483 94 5 473 97 6 433 100 7 402 102 8 372 104 9 382 106 10 38

Maximum CDV membrane =65

4. Compute the condition indexes using the following equations:

FCI = 100 - Max. CDVflashing [Eq 11

MCI = 100 - Max. CDVmembrane [Eq 2]

5. Determine the condition ratings from Figure 1.

22

04

3 FLASING DISTRESSES

Index

Distress Pg

Base Flashing........................................... 24

Metal Cap Flashing...................................... 30

Embedded Edge Metal ................................... 36

Flashed Penetrations .................................... 41

Pitch Pans............................................ 46

Interior Drains and Roof Level Scuppers .................... 50

23

BASE FLASHING

Description: Base flashing is one or moreplies of material which extend from the roofsurface up onto a vertical or inclined surface C

providing a watertight termination of themembrane.

Severity Levels:

Low: Any of the following conditions:

1. Loss of surfacing on mineral- I

surf aced sheets or other poorappearance (including patching) butno apparent deterioration of felts.

2. Top of base flashing is less than6 in. above the roof surface.

3. Flashing has permanent repairs.

Medium: Any of the following conditions:

1. Slippage, wrinkling, blistering, orpulling of base flashing material.

2. Loss of surfacing with some deter-ioration of felts but no holes, splits,or tears.

3. Grease, solvent, or oil drippings onthe base flashing but no deterior-ation of (elts.

4. Flashing has tem porary repairs. @ ................

High: Any of the following conditions:

1. Holes, splits, or tears in flashing caused by deterioration or physical damage2. Exposed gaps at the top of the base flashing which are not covered by counter-

flashing or open side laps in the flashing which allow water to channel behindthem.

3. Grease, solvent, or oil drippings on the base flashing with deterioration of thefelts.

Measurement: Measure lineal feet of base flashing having the above conditions. Holes,open side laps, and seams count as I ft each. If an area of the base flashing is at mediumseverity and holes are closer than 6 in., count that entire length of distressed baseflashing as high severity.

Base Flashing (BF)

24

Density:A x 100 = Problem DensityB

where A = length of base flashing defects (ft)B total length of flashed perimeter of roof section being rated (including

flashings for penthouses, courtyards, and curbed projections)

Note: The problem density is calculated for each existing severity level.

Causes:

1. Flashing splits or tears can result from mechanical damage, material shrinkage,unattached membrane pulling the flashing, or differential movement betweenthe wall and the deck.

2. Delamination and sliding result from weak or no attachment hetween theflashing plies or between the flashing and the substrate. This can result fromany of the following conditions:

" When first installed, the flashing piles were not firmly pressed into thebitumen to form a solid, continuous laminate.

" No primer was used on the wall._ The wrong bitumen was used to attach the flashing plies to the wall." The flashing cement was improper or of poor quality.* The hot-mopped bitumen was allowed to cool before the flashing plies were

applied." Fasteners were improper type or too few to hold flashing to substrate.

Base Fla hing (13F)

I

,- .I - -

<Lo Seeiy <Low.Y Seeiy

6., in miiu noaesta rewr/hog

%4 '-p.

46

*BFl Base-Flashin9 RF 2 Base Flashing<Low Severity> <Low Severity>,

Cubis not throgh. noug o- oon -surface los poorl ut th eae

C[ihn is_ _ _ _ _ _ __I ig

BaF~,hn Bae(aHF)gB4BseFahn

_. V

V

*BF5 Base Flashing BF6 Base Flashing<.Medium Severity> 'Medium SeveritpSurfacing is worn but hole is not Base flashing is pulled and not

*all the way through the flashing firml%\ bonded to the curb

- --- g SeSit

% -D~s~gg'lVeterior~iled f!fIPPr? ire ~ i

L *

HF -s Flashing 13FIO Base FlashingI l;.ih Severitv - <High ~~rt

T .-,re is, an open seamn and the T1here is an open seam i n the.1eiihas sagged flashing

*4 P4

mA

BF13 Base Flashing BF14 Base Flashing<High Severity> <High Severity>There is an open seam in the There is a hole in the flashingflashing material

Base Flashing (BF)

29

METAL CAP FLASHING

Description: Metal cap flashing includescounterflashing and any sheet metal coping 2 AID CLIP -oPcap which serves as part of the counter-flashing or the cover over a detail such as aroof area divider, equipment curb, raisedroof edge, or an expansion joint (includingthe rubber bellows of an expansion joint).

Counterflashing is the material, usually -

sheet metal, which protects the top termina MELA SIG,

tion of base flashing and sheds water awayfrom it. Counterflashing should be free toexpand and contract. 2

CTR TNR A

10 MAXIMUM

Severity Levels: LEGTH JOINT COVER 4- 6

Low: Any of the following conditions: METAL CAP

1. Loss of paint or protective coatingor start of metal corrosion.

2. Metal coping cap is deformed and CONTNUOUS CLEAT

allows water to pond on the top.3. Counterflashing is deformed but

still performing its function. M CAP FLASHING

the base flashing.4. ~~~~~ ~ ~ EA ConeflsAghP enseldt

FASTENERS 24- DC

- GAP

OINT COVEP 4'6 WIDE METAL CAP FLASHINGMA-LIU

M LENGT. AREA DIVIDE

FLEXIBLE BELLOWS

ME TAL LAP

FSE " FASTENERS 8" OC

COI,,;SLXT ~'I 2CUPS SLOPED TO DRAIN

MET 'A CAP PLASHG METAL CAP TLASHINC

PAPX'- -INPH EXPANSION JOINT

Metal Cap Flashing (MC)

30


1. Corrosion holes have occurred through the metal on a vertical surface.2. Metal coping cap has loose fasteners, failure of soldered or sealed joints, open

joints, or loss of attachment.3. Sealant at reglet or top of counterflashing is missing or no longer functioning,

allowing water to channel behind counterf lashing.4. Counterflashing is loose at the top, allowing water to channel behind it.5. Counterflashing does not extend over top of base flashing.


1. Metal coping cap or counterflashing is missing or displaced from its originalposition.

2. Corrosioil holes have occurred through the metal on a horizontal surface.3. Metal coping cap has missing joint covers where joint covers were originally

installed.

Measurement: Measure lineal feet of metal cap flashing having the above conditions.Individual defects (i.e., joints, holes) count as one foot minimum.

Density:x 100 = Problem Density

B

where A length of metal cap flashing defects (ft)B total length of flashed perimeter of roof section being rated (including



Metal Cap Flashing (MC)

4 Ii

i.1PY

IS.

-Mp

6d

- 4

MC I M~etal Caip Fahing M( C4 Me ( t.Cp Flshn

jWA Seeiy Lo eeiy

Th6ea a eu ocroebt h ea sbn u tl uc

no hles re videt tins;ther is omecorrsio

.. . ..4.

ILo

Meta oraecesores hve eenWater van aeoumnulate on top ofdefored o daragedthe cap

1.,* 1'. NI~~n C6 Metal Caip Flaishing

(Th IL.) F . ~rC8 Mrl k ajI Whin

V.k

* MC9Metal Caplahg MCIO Metal Cap lashing4<Medium Severity> <Medium Severity>

The top of the counterf lashing is Joint in cap has failed, caulking

loose has not corrected the problem.Also, Base Flashing has holes<High Severity>

NI ea a lsigNC2MtlCpFahn*1leiu' -eeiv Wg eeiv

Ne.pr nf (* v r;!j i t *. il dTh dt l(( nt r ls ig h

f.f'lo of rth dl

N ?%.I-e F

MC 13 Metal Cap Ilashing MC 14 Metal Cap Flashing<figh Severity> <High Severity>The metal has corroded so that there joint covers are missingare holes in the metal

%I( 15 Metal Cap Flashing MC16 Metal Cap FlashingNo Severity I evel---report in remarks> <N eeiylevel--report in

Thf' roglot h as been out into the top remark,;> There is no cap flashingiuf *,he para)pet wall; the, vautking water has penetrated themaor

has ~~a~ed and deterioration has e~'edue to freeito thaiw :iel t

EMBEDDED EDGE METAL

Description: Formed strip of metal at theroof edge which continues down the vertical R

part of the wall to form a fascia or drip. ..T..

This stripped-in flashing provides a finished ON NTUll <EA

termination for the roofing membrane. Aformed vertical projection (gravel stop) maybe incorporated to prevent loose aggregatefrom rolling or washing off the roof.Exterior and interior gutters, which areembedded into the membrane, are consideredas embedded edge metal. (An interior gutteris a built-in trough of metal or othermaterial which collects water from the roofand carries it to a downspout.)

Note: A raised roof edge which is notstripped in, is rated as metal cap flashing and ...... ..not as embedded edge metal.

Severity Levels:EMBrDDEo EFFGE METAL

Low:

1. The entire length of embedded edge metal flashirngs is rated low severity as aminimum due to the maintenance problems associated with it.


1. The joints in embedded edge metal flashings are rated medium severity as aminimum due to the maintenance problems associated with them.

2. Nails under the stripping felts are backing out.3. Corrosion of the metal.4. Loose or lifted metal flange without deterioration of the stripping felts.5. The entire length of interior gutter is rated medium severity as a minimum due

to the maintenance problems and high potential for leak damage associated withits presence.


1. Stripping felts are missing or loose.2. Splits in the stripping felts above the metal joints.3. Holes have occurred through the metal.4. Loose or lifted metal flange with deterioration of the stripping felts.5. Holes or joint movement are present in the interior gutter.

Measurement: Measure lineal feet of embedded edge metal flashing having the aboveconditions. Each split above a joint is counted as one foot. As a method of sampling thejoints, determine the total number of joints by dividing the total length of embedded

*. edge metal flashing by the length of edge metal sections (normally 10 ft). Every fourth

Embedded Edge Metal (EM)

V36

joint should be inspected for splits in the stripping felts. Count the number of inspectedjoints that are high severity and multiply by 4 to determine the total lineal feet of highseverity joints. All other joints are rated medium severity. Multiply the number ofinspected joints not rated high severity by 4 to determine the total lineal feet of mediumseverity joints.


where A = length of embedded edge metal flashing defects (ft)B = total length of flashed perimeter of roof section being rated (including

flashings for penthouses, courtyards and curbed projections)


Causes:

1. Splits in the stripping felts and loose stripping felts are caused by:" Insufficient or improper nailing of the metal flange allowing it to move." Insufficient or no priming of the metal flange (top and bottom) before

installation. This prevents bonding of the bitumen to the metal.- The widely different expansion coefficients of the metal and bituminous

components.2. Exposed metal flanges can result from stripping felt deterioration or the flange

may never have been stripped-in.3. Loose or lifted metal edge is caused by insufficient fastening, rotting, or lack of

a wood perimeter nailer.

Embedded Edge Metal (EM)

37

SEM I EmbeddedEdgMeta EM Embedded Edge Metal<Low Severity> <Medium Severity>Tapered edge metal is raised but There are interior guttersstrip-in still presents a potentialhazard

J. _P

-S - i4gL i~

EM3 Embedded Edge Metal EM4 Embedded Edge Metal<High Severity> <High Severity>The stripping shows the beginning of The metal is loose or lifted

. a tear or break

.rnhfdE edd ed Edge Meta l (F dI)

'ip

Si

ENL:5 Embedded_--Edge Metal FM 6 Embedded Edge Metal<M~edium Severity> <High Severity>Strippingj felts a-re missing The stripping is torn or br-oken

,75fm hodded FEdge \Ietal I I. X Embedded Edge lel Il

"V"'V'fl~ h~is . ..e F e trin ts eTh*-, IT1

aAi ,w.-

0-*-

*EN19 Embedded Edge Metal EM10 Embedded Edge Metal<High Severity> <High Severity>The stripping felt is torn along the The edge metal is bent orback edge of the embedded metal deformed; the stripping is torn

Aza

SmruE~

EM1l Embedded Edge Metal<High Severity>The stripping is torn

FLASHED PENETRATIONS

Description: Open pipes, plumbing ventstacks, flues, ducts, continuous pipes, guywires, drain sumps, and other penetrationsthrough the roof membrane (excluding pitchpans but including metal curbing for hatchesand ventilators, where the flange is strippedinto the membrane).

Severity Levels:

Low: Either of the following conditions:

1. Flashing sleeve is deformed.2. Opening in the penetration or flash-

ing is less than 6 in. above the roofsurface.


1. Edge of stripping felts is exposed butthere is no apparent felt deteriora-tion. ;.

2. Top of flashing sleeve is not sealed orhas not been rolled down into anexisting plumbing vent stack.

3. The sleeve or umbrella is open or noumbrella is present (where required).

4. Metal is corroded. P ........


1. Flashing sleeve or metal curb has been installed with no stripping felts.2. Flashing sleeve or metal curb is cracked, broken, or corroded through.3. No flashing sleeve is present.4. Penetration is not sealed at the membrane level.

Measurement: Count each distressed flashed penetration as one linear ft at the highestseverity level which exists. For metal curbs and ducts with greater than 1 ft of perime-ter, count the actual length (in feet) of distressed perimeter.

Density:A x 100 = Problem Density

where A = lineal feet of distressed flashed penetrationsB = total length of flashed perimeter of roof section being rated (including

flashings for penthouses, courtyards and curbed projections)


[-'lashed Penetr tinns ('l')

*l 41

4004

FPI Flashed Penetration FP2 Flashed Penetration<Low Severity> <Low Severity>The vent stack is distorted due to The top of the flashing is less thanmovement of the membrane 6 in. above the finished roof

.4.

4-.1

FP lahdPeertinF4 lsedPntrto

<Lo Seeiy<eimSeeiy

Th o ffahn leei otTela a o enrle

FP3;-;, Flashed Pentato FP FasedPeetato

- ----.

FP lse e4ertonF6Fase eerto

<.eim eeit><MeimSeeiy

Th ela h mrll sboe h lshn ubhsntbe

stipdi

4...

4..

4--zip

*FP7 Flashed Penetration FP6 Flashed Penetration<Medium Severity> <Medium Severity>

The selatn thevuel is broeken The flashing uir ha not been~l

strippe inwr: w IP

*FP9 Flashed Penetration EPLO Flashed PenetrationA High Severity,> <High Severity>

The lead flashing is broken The joint in the metal sleeve hasfailed

F P IIF-lashed Penetration F P12 Flashed Penetration<High Severity> <High Severit%The metal has corroded and holes The Metal Clashing has,, lwen

7 ire evident leti out

*-i ~ r llH. ,ii P

I le

4 -*~.- ~-'>-~- ' -*'>:':~ "~ NA

*FP13 Flashed Penetration FP14 Flashed Penetration<High Severity> <High Severity>Unflashed pipe penetration sealed Guy wire anchor has not beenwith roofing cement flashed

'ML:

FP15 Flashed Penetration< High SeverityThe sleeve firoiind the penelrilion Nmni.ssing; the conduit is king on theront' without it -p[)r~ s

*''

PITCH PANS

Description: A pitch pan is a flanged metalsleeve placed around a roof-penetratingelement and filled with a sealer.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. Pitch pans are rated low severity asa minimum due to the maintenance ,problems associated with them.


1. Metal corrosion.2. Sealing material is below metal rim.3. Stripping felts are exposed or deteriorated.4. Sealing material has cracked or separated from pan or penetration.

Measurement: Each distressed pitch pan should be counted once at the highest severitylevel which exists.

Density:x 100 = Problem Density

where A = number of distressed pitch pansB total length of flashed perimeter of roof section being rated (including



Pitoh Pans (PP)

@4 46

I 'IPitch Pans PP2 Pitch Pans1l.')w Sev-erity' <High Severity>

Pitch pan installed and maintained Metal shows light corrosionoorrectlv but presents a hazard

I44

- l P3Pi teh Pans PP4 Pitch Pansff:h Severity- <Ifigh, Sevvrity

A~ ioer > 'trding in pitch pin; fill F-ill MA10riail i~s low; wilor

4 ' O'T~fO - ;Il(~fl~in pa n

WP

I%

9PP5 Pitch-Pans PP6 Pitch Pans

High Severity> <High Severity>Sides of pan are distorted; fill Pipe sleeve used as pitch panmnaterial is low has not been filled

11117 Pitch Pans Pl118 Pitch PansHigh Severitv' '-lfgh Soveritv -'li a~l a ple avFromn Vaterial has puilld awaiv; Water

* i ido-; of the pan (',rl Den tt'ae,( pan

04

PP9 Pitch Pans<High Severity>

Pan not full

Pitch Pans (PP)

4 49

- - ~ ~ M

INTERIOR DRAINS AND ROOF IAIVEL SCUPPERS

Description: A drain is a penetration at theroof membrane which allows water to flowfrom the roof surface into a piped drainagesystem. The drain fixture at the roof has aflange and/or clamping arrangement to whichthe roofing membrane is attached. A rooflevel scupper is a channel through a parapet .........or raised roof edge which is designed forperipheral drainage of the roof.

Note: Stripping felts around scuppersshould be carefully inspected for holes atcorners.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. Bitumen has flowed into the drainleader but the drain is not clogged.

YEo ... FE

Medium: Any of the following conditions: ----

1. Stripping felts are exp,',-ed butthere is n( apparent deteriorationof felts.

2. Strainer is broken or missing.3. Scupper shows loss of paint or pro- '-r

tective coating or start of metalcorrosion.


1. Stripping felts have holes or are deteriorated.2. Clamping ring is loose or missing from drain body or bolts are missing.3. Drain is clogged.4. Scupper metal is broken or holes have occurred through the metal.

Measurement: Each distressed drain and scupper should be counted once at the highestseverity level which exists.Density:

e x 100 = Problem Density

where A number of distressed interior drains and roof level scuppers

B = total length of flashed perimeter -f roof section being rated (includingflashings for penthouses, courtyards and curbed projections)

Note: The problem densit,, is calculated for each existing severity level.

Interior Drains :ind Roof l.e . So Dc-crs (I)R)

* 3~%

DR1 Drains and Scuppers DR2 Drains and Scuppers<Low Severity> <Medium Severity>Bituminous material has flowed into The felts around the drain arethe drain exposed

k -

DR3 Drains and Scuppers DR4 Drains and Scuppers<Medium Severity> <High Severity>The strainer is broken The clamping ring is loose. Bolts

are lying next to the ring

Interior Drains and Roof Level Scuppers (I)R)

51

;I d lk dd

DR5 Drains and Scuppers DR6 Drains andScuppers<High Severity> <High Severity>The clamping ring is missing; also, The drain is cloggedthe strainer is broken and the drainis clogged with bitumen

I

DR7 Drains and Scuppers DR8 Drains and Scuppers<High Severity> <fligh Severity>The drain is clogged, the clamping ring The drain is cloggedis missing, and the straiiner is broken

1- D"'Ir :,s : ind ,)t l,, o'oD, ()R )

Im

I)

4 MEMBRANE DISTRESSES

Index

Distress Pg

Blisters............................................... 54

Ridges ................................................ 57

Splits ................................................. 60

Holes ................................................. 62

Surface Deterioration.................................... 63

Slippage.............................................. 68

Patching.............................................. 70

Debris and Vegetation ................................... 73

Improper Equipment Supports ............................. 76

Ponding ............................................... 80

04 53

BLISTERS

Description: Blisters are round or elongated Blster between plies

raised areas of the membrane which arefilled with air.

Note: Blisters and ridges are difficultto differentiate at the low and medium sev-erity levels. The rating error will be insig- Graphic Representationnificant because of the similarity in the of Blisterdeduct curves. At high severity, however, itis important to distinguish between the twodistresses due to their different leak poten-tials.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. The raised areas are noticeable by vision or feel. The surfacing is still in placeand the felts are not exposed.

Medium:

1. The felts are exposed or show deterioration.

High:

1. The blisters are broken.

Measurement:

1. Measure the length and width of the blister in lineal feet and calculate the area(length times width). If the distance between individual blisters is less than 5ft, measure the entire affected area in sq ft.

2. When large quantities of this problem are present (especially on large roofs), therepresentative sampling technique can be used.

Density:f x 100 = Problem Density

where A = total area of membrane blisters (sq ft)B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

Note: The problem density is calculated for each existing severit\ level.

Causes: Blisters are caused by voids or lack of attachment within the mernhrane.Moisture and gasses within the void greatly increases the potential for gr,ow'h.

Blisters (BL)

54

.. f- t.t

BL Bliter 1L2 lisrs<Low Severity> <Low Severity>Low severity blisters. Large blister but stl low severtThe surface is still in place level

IC -~ ' '

H FL3 Blisters, HL4 BlistersL ow sevenitv " 1,l se v er i I

H I i- ter' in a Hp mid ;ippi eoi ior Mis'ters~ in gr l~v*o r,Ti n, ) r, me

<Low Seerty <Lo Seerty

1 31,7 Blisters 131, Bli7stersMedo u Severit <fLow Severity,

Genelstrls bitri ng overt aloero Blisters inhap shoeetsurace o ho wa

RIDGES

Description: Ridges are long, narrow (usually All plies are ridgedless than 3 in.), raised portions of the roof ,membrane. Their maximum height is about

2 in. Usually ridges occur directly above theinsulation board joints and run perpendicularor parallel to the felts. They include all the Graphic Representationplies and therefore are generally stiffer thanblisters, of Ridge

Note: Blisters and ridges are difficult to differentiate at the low and mediumseverity. The rating error will be insignificant because of the similarity in the deductcurves. However at the high severity, it is important to distinguish between the twodistresses due to their different leak potentials.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. The ridges are noticeable but the felts are not exposed.

Medium:

1. The ridges are raised and clearly visible. The surfacing on the ridge is gone andthe top felt is exposed.

High: Either of the following conditions:

1. Open breaks have developed in the ridge.2. Felt deterioration has progressed through the top ply, exposing underlying plies.

Measurement: Measure lineal feet of ridges running in all directions.


where A = total length of membrane ridges (ft)

B =total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)


Causes: Ridging can be the result of internally generated moisture vapor collecting atinsulation joints and affecting the membrane or of movement of the substrate.

r! Ridges (RG)

05

-~ , .. ,V -, - -~ .' 7~A

,N0 I

nP.,7, ?6

- r

• RGI Rdges RG2 Ridges<Low Severity> <Medium Severity>

Beginnings of ridges evident in Closeup of medium severity

surface; some picture framing evident ridging condition

R,' RG 3 Ridges RG4 Ridgaes

" "< Low Severity> < Medium Severity>.Ridges in smooth surface membrane Rare felt showing; some slippage

" " of felt at lap is evident

R-3 Riiges G Ridge5'LwSeeit><MdumSveiy

op nn up;,, fiset o,-

deterioration

Aa

A( A

IW 7 1 * !

SPLITS

Description: Splits are tears thatextend through all membrane felts.They vary in length from a few feet tothe length of the roof and in widthfrom a hair-line crack to more thanI in. Splits generally occur directly Graphic Representationabove the joints between the long of Splitsidc3 of insulation boards and run inthe direction the felts were installed.

Severity Levels:

High:

1. An unrepaired split or a repaired split which has started to re-open.

Measurement: Mea ure lineal feet of split.


where A = total length of membrane splits (ft)B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

Causes:

I. The membrane is too weak.2. There is little or no attachment between any of the following: membrane,

insulation, vapor retarder (if any), and deck.3. Areas of the membrane have missed headlaps.4. Differential movement at deck joints.5. Structural movement within the roof system.6. Stress concentration due to shrinkage cracking of a poured deck.

ISplits (SP)

0.4 60

4 0

S, 'PI Splits SP2 Sp 111.s< High Severity> <High Severity>Long split over structural member; Closeup of split in gravel surface;yellow markings indicate water repair attempt made using masticpenetration determined by infrared without reinforcing fabric(IR) scanning

SP3 Spl its SP4 SpIi tsIf ih Se v r ' tHfigh Severity,

1, irg I- el -;rii n -irCfio roof Split irl ineral cap sheet

HOLES

Description: A membrane hole is any visible opening which extends through all mem-brane layers. Holes can be of various sizes and shapes, and can be located anywhere onthe root surface.

Severity Levels:

High:

1. All holes in the membrane are considered high severity due to their high leakpotential.

Measurement: Count the total number of holes in the membrane. If the distancebetween two holes is less than I ft, count them as one hole.

Density:A x 100 = Problem DensitNB

where A = number of membrane holesB = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

HLl Holes HL2 Holes<High Severity> <High Severity>Membrane below gravel surface has Holes in smooth surfacedbeen penetrated by a sharp object roof

Holes (HL)

0 62

SURFACE DETERIORATION

Description: A built-up roofing membrane will generally have one of the following typesof surfacing: aggregate surface, mineral surface-cap or smooth surface-coated. Themembrane surface may show any of the following distressed conditions:

1. Lack of top surface or coating.2. Alligatoring (interconnected hairline cracks that resemble alligator hide).3. Lack of adhesion between the membrane plies.

Note: Walkways are treated as part of the membrane surfacing.

Severity Levels:

Low: Any of the following conditions:

1. On aggregate surfaced roofs, the aggregate is not embedded or is poorlyembedded but the felts remain covered with aggregate.

2. Open edge laps or fishmouths.3. On smooth surfaced roofs, there is evidence of crazing of top surface with

hairline cracks (alligatoring).4. Walkway shows loss of surfacing, loss of adhesion, cracks, blistering or cracked

coating.


1. On aggregate surfaced roofs, the aggregate is displaced and the top coat ofbitumen is exposed.

2. On mineral surfaced-cap sheet roofs, the mineral granules have come off thecap sheet, exposing the underlying felt.

3. On smooth surfaced roofs, no surface coating exists or there is a loss of surfacecoating.

4. On smooth surfaced roofs, alligator cracks extend down through the bitumen tothe top felt.


1. On aggregate surfaced roofs, the aggregate cover has been displaced and thebitumen pour coat is deteriorated, leaving the underlying felts exposed. Thefelts may be deteriorated.

2. On mineral surfaced-cap sheet roofs, the cap sheet felt is deteriorated.3. On smooth surfaced roofs, alligator cracks extend down through one or more

plies.4. Shrinking of the walkway has torn the membrane below it.

I

Surface l)eterioration (SR)

0 63

Measurement:

1. Measure square feet of each affected area and rate at highest severity levelwhich exists.

2. When large quantities of this problem are present (especially on large roofs), therepresentative sampling technique can be used.


where A = total area of surface deterioration (sq ft)B total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)


Causes:

1. Inadequate top pour coat.2. Little or no embedment of aggregate.3. Wind erosion such as occurs at roof corners and water erosion such as occurs

when downspouts empty directly onto the membrane.4. Use of bitumen on a slope that is greater than proper for that bitumen. The

bitumen and gravel run off, leaving the felts exposed. This can affect localizedareas or the entire roof.

5. Alligatoring results from overapplication of bitumen or aging bitumen, com-bined with weathering and temperature cycling. The bitumen gradually losesthe ability to flow back together and alligatoring is enhanced.

Surface Deterioration (SR)

64

h -o

-7,~

*SRI Surface Deterioration SR2 Surface Deterioration<Low Severitv> < Low Se veritv>Gravel is loose and easily displaced There are open edge laps orby wind; imbedment of gravel is minimal fishmouths<MNedium Severity>Bare areas

SR3 Surface Deterioration SR4 Surface Deterioration<Low Severity' <Low Severity >Walkways are ('racked or NhI ered Hairline alligator cracekin, )f ',ho

sitirfaeoe o vident

00

.1~2,

-- A

*SR5 Surface Deterioration SR6 Surface Deterioration<Mediumn SeverIty 'Medium Severity;

Granule surface on cap sheet is eroded Loss of surfae co,-ting onsmooth surface roof

;Sj, w

00

k4.

.- . .

4 siW SoeDeterioration SR 10 Surft je Deterioratione d i~ Seve r it v> <[1 ;O~eertv(>avl uvfaeing shows erosion from (Gr ve l t~ is gone and felts

xw>id cominc- over corner of building are string to show wear

I 7" 'le

SLIPPAGE

Description: Slippage is a downslope lateral movement of felt plies. Slippage usuallyoccurs on roofs with slopes greater than 1/4 in./ft.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. Less than 2 in. of slippage has occurred, evidenced by the presence of narrowbare strips perpendicular to the slope.

Note: Low severity slippage requires inspection at 6 month intervals.

High:

1. More than 2 in. of slippage has occurred. There is evidence of humping andwrinkling.

Measurement: Measure square feet of affected roof area. The affected area extendsfrom the high point on the slope where bare felts are noticeable, down to the low point ofthe slope or the area where humping and wrinkling are noticeable.


where A = total affected area of roof (sq ft)

B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)


Causes:

1. Inadequate fastening of felts for the amount of roof slope present.2. Use of improper bitumen.3. Thickness of asphalt interply moppings is too great, reducing horizontal shear

resistance between felt plies.4. Phased construction, where the base sheet is glazed and felts applied at a later

date.

Slippage (SI,)

, -8

i i m i' iaiIt

I

1

~. -

- '

4

* .~*. .. '. '

* A ~. - *~ ., -- - S.

-, - -,- - I-

*1

V.

0

0

S

* .. . .

I E W W --I- - - -- -

PATCHING

Description: A localized repair of the membrane done with cold-applied roofing cementwith fabric or felt embedded in it, with hot bitumen and felts, or with a modifiedbitumen system. It should be obvious that the work is not part of the original roofconstruction.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. All patches are rated low severity as a minimum.

Medium:

1. The materials and workmanship of the pateh are not equal to or better than theexisting membrane.

High:

1. Ruptures or other membrane distresses of at least med; im sov-ritv are presentwithin the patched area (count as patching distress onid).

Measurement:

1. Measure square feet of each patch having the above conditions.2. When large quantities of this problem are present (especially on large roofs), the

representative sampling technique can be used.

Density:A x 100 = Problem DensityH

where .\ ,Tal area (ft patehing (sq ft)It - 'otal Area t roof ie-tion being rated (sq ft)

Note: The pru)iern densit,, is oalculated for each existing severity level.

[0

?."

<S.

"p VLW -°" V -

24

* PAl Patching PA2 Patching<Low Severity> <Low Severity>Patching is evident in smooth Patching is evident insurfaced roof. gravel surfaced roof

S.90

b°.%

S

A W

1. Pk3 Patching PA4 PatchingMedium Severitv> dligh Severity,Patching materiil is not th irne Patched area has i high severitv,i the original roof lister

.I

,.~ aL .: ~~ z ;&& w' .7 .- >......

PA5 Patching<-High Severity>Patched area has a split

IPatching (PA) 72

DEBRIS AND VEGETATION

Description:

1. Foreign objects on the roof which could damage or puncture the membrane.2. The growth of vegetation on the roof.3. Accumulation of solvent and oil drippings on the roof.

Severity Levels:


1. The collection of foreign objects which are not removed from the roof duringthe inspection.

2. Grease, solvent, or oil drippings on the roof which show no degradation of theroof membrane.

3. Evidence of vegetation, but not c trating the felts.


1. Grease, solvent, or oil drippings on the roof which is causing degradation to theroofing system.

2. Vegetation roots that have penetrated the felts.

Measurement: Measure square feet of affected area. Each isolated case of debris andvegetation of less than I sq ft in area should be counted as I sq ft.

Density:A x 100 = Problem DensityBf

where A = total area of debris and vegetation (sq ft)B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

Note: The problem density is calculated fo. each existing severity level.

1th l V (I C

"_JI ~ ~ * ~

| gf~~

* ) . md \egmK1.unDV2 Debris aind ~Vege'iatiun

onl roof

vU-

Ii ~ L ''qig u~w ~ - ~- ~- - -

S

~~2r ~';*

~ ~ -S \ I)V6 I)ebnis and Vegetation

* S.'~ ~ M~i~~m Sovr~ri~v\ege ::ltiUfl ~r'u~.~ng tn

U .~'1O'.4~ ~

.* *~ ~ ~-J

I -

S

* ;;a4 ,

*fi* ~

S

S

IMPROPER EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS

Description: Pipe, conduit, and mechanical equipment supports (wood sleepers, channels,etc.) which are placed directly or the roof surface with no protective pad or placed atinsufficient height to allow for maintaining the membrane below the equipment.Repairing this distress may require replacing the surrounding insulation and membrane.

Note: Terminations for guy wires ,'e :o be rated as flashed penetrations dis-

tresses.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. All improper equipment supports are rated low severity as a minimum due tothe maintenance problems assc,,viate, with them.

Medium: Either of the following coidili,:c"

1. Movement of the support has caused displacement of the roof surfacing but hasnot damaged the membrane.

2. The equipment is bolted through the membrane but the bolts appear to besealed.

High: Either of the following conditions:

1. The support has caused damage to the roof membrane.2. The equipment is bolted through the membrane and the bolts appear not to be

sealed.

Measurement: Measure square feet of each improper equipment support. The minimumdimension for length and width of a support shall be 1 ft.

Density:. x 100 = Problem Density

where A = total area of improper equipment supports (sq ft)B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)


IImproper Equipment Supprti (FI4)

I 7 .

_ A

EQ1 Improper Equipment Supports EQ2 Improper Equipment Supports<Low Severity> <Low Severity>Pipe supported by wood block Conduit supported by wood blocks

N."

EQ3 hmprope_ Equipment Supports EQ4 Impr rer Eq p ent Supports<Low Severity> <Low Severity>Ductwork supported on steel channels Large air-conditioning unit

0.' which rest on the membrane, unflashed supported on unflashed steel

Improper Equipment Supports (FQ)

7 7(

EQSI~ ijope r Eqimen ippt EQ6 Im roperEquipmentSupports<Medium, Severity> <High Severity>Air handling equipment installed Blocks supporting piping havedirectly on the roof surface moved, tearing the roof membrane

-R It

-e

H Q7 Improper Equipment Supports I Q8 Improper Equipment Suipports<High Severilv> Ohigh Severitv'

\lo g Set on roof withmit FEquipment siuppfort t;' !i~* * !ishTWTme i ino

* Q9 Improper Equipment Supports EQ1O Improper Equipment Supports<11igh Severity> <iigh Severity>Improper A/C support and pipe Base for antenna has not beenpenetration placed on a flashed curb.

Bolts penetrate membrane

7-

,1 7 -,

1Q1I ImIrproper I qupment Supports

A\ntenna b.', a iled to root

PONDING

Description: Standing water is present or there is evidence of ponding by the presence ofstaining. Water which remains after 48 pr. is considered ponded water.

Severity Levels:

Low:

1. Ponding is rated low severity due to the maintenance problems associatedwith it.

Measurement: Measure square feet of affected area.

Density:A x 100 = Problem DersityR

where: A = total arei of ponding (sq ft)

B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

Causes:

I. Improper design of roof drainage system.2. Irregularities of membrane surface.3. Clogged roof drains and scuppers or obstructions.

PDI Ponding )I)? P,,Low Sevenit - I ; ,,..

Ponding is oepurrm4 i& ,,

dr1in-N

-.*..5 . .

4 PD4 Ponding<Low Severity>

-) dr~l Scupper edge is too high andblocks drainage

T l5u P-3 tiV-L

i 1 '

I -A -N.I

k,

irRM

* PD8 Pondingw Se~r~tv><Low Severitv\

-):',-i~idiation of ponding Drain is placed too high

0

'1)1 Ponding-Low Severit%

p ,ncin~ -~ i ll n j)

APPIKN1INX A:

I)FI)UC(T VA UI (CU RVES

BASE FLASHING (SF) FLASHING100 ,"T

~4t *# 4 * * 4 * .. 4. .

so70

40

III

DISTRESS DENSITY - PERCENT

10METAL CAP FLASHING (MC) FLASHING

9601 1 1~6o

50

40H1-41 I Hil'iIt M

0.01 05 0.1 5 1


EMBEDDED EDGE METAL (EM) FLASHINGtoT

so iol#7 4i * tt: 444$ 4 444 1 4 44

f4 *4 4 0 4 4 44,4

40360

24 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

20

~0

001


FLASHED PIENIETRATIONS (FP) FLASHINS100 T II T - T* 4 . ,, 4 4 4 4.4 44 4 4 4

90 0 i4 , ,1 44. 4 4

* ~so t i:

7- 0 4 los, 44 4 44

.', . 4 444 44 .4 4 +

~60.,,, 4. * .4 4 44H40:~30

I0I20

0.01 00 0.1 05 15 1DISTRESS DENSITY-PERCENT

It kAQft . *iv

10PITCH PANS (PP) FLASHING100 - --- - -- - - -

90

S60 - -

30

0.01 0.05 0.1 05 15 1DISTRESS DENSITY-PERCENT

INTERIOR DRAINS ANDROOF LEVEL SLUPPERS (DR) FLASHING

100 Tjj

90-II

soT7O

~30

20

10 1

0 .01 0053 05 1.0

DISTRESS DENSITY- PERCENT

mffi

0

0*0

- T 0

4I-i

i

CA 0

4U

(Aa:)) 3fl1vA ionOMJ a3133880

BLISTERS (BL) MEMBRANE100 ~ -

4 M

-'A

~6 0 i TT T/ T

40 TT

10 t 4 f 11 40I TO4

01


SPLITS (SP) MEMBRANE100 T T T - T90TTTso

wro

~60

250

30.00 0I01Io

90

70

1001

830

2050

20

00

SURFACE DETERIORATION MSR) MEMBRANEA100

' T y I , II 1J+ l4 t H 111 + 4 190TT TTT

60 ----

460T

50I0I

30


SLIPPAGE (8L) MEMBRANE100T

ti o

70

DITRES DEST I PERCET

6s

PATCHING (PA) MEMBRANE

90T

W 740

~30

0 20At ~~10 I I ,III

0


DEBRIS AND VEGETATION (DV) MEMBRANE100 --

90 - I-H

so - -

W r0

540 T

20 tt+ M+. 6, t,

10


IMPROPER00EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS (EQ) MEMBRANE

90 -

670 11 ..

40k -4 L

w LW

20V

0.01 0.05 0.1 05 15 1

DISTRESS DENSITY-PERCENT

PONDING (PD) MEMBRANE100 1. -

+

90 T-

W7 ro L

60-~-

50TT

+0 +

20 TTTT10 I TT

10+


00

0I*-

III

OD _:

A D)inIA Y)13l(3JN380

APPENDIX B:

INSPECTION AND RATING FORMS

On the following pages are a Roof Inspection Worksheet (front and back) and a RoofSection Rating Form that may be photocopied for use.

I

ROOF INSPEC rION WORKSHEET INSTALLATION.

BUILDING __ PER. FLASHING F T DATE

SECTION __ ___ CURB FLASHING ~FT NAME

SF- AE LAHDISTRESS TYPE I S 0B -BAEFAHD E E ~

MC - METAL CAP EIL - BLISTERS SL - SLIPPAGE E S v A

EM - EMBEDDED MET RG - RIDGES PA - PATCHING N T E NT R R T7

FP - FLASHED PEN SP - SPLITS DV - DEBRIS & VEG E I T I

PP - PITCH PANS HL - HOLES EQ - EQ SUPPORTS N S Tr

DR - DRAIN&a SCUPPER SR - SURF DIET PD - PONDING 0 S y

SCALE .1NORTH

REMARKS:

-At" 168 MEMBRANE ANdD FLASHNG CONDITION INDEXES FOR BUILT-UP 2/'2ROOFS VOLUME 2 INSPE (U) CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

I RESEARCH LAS (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL M Y SHAHIN ET AL

IUN9CLASSIFIED SEP 87 CERL-TR-M-87/i3-VOL-2 F/G 12/03 UL

moIoEE

-2.0 illl_ L.2 I

111.25 11111"-4 111111.6

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART%AT ONA 8S01EAU OF STAWOSUI ,M -,9

I"I

4~ W" 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 • .

,' ', , ", ! " ' "' " ".

ROOF SECTION RATING FORMBUILDING _______SECTION _______ ATE ______ CALC. BY

PER. FLASHING ____FT 'FLASHING CHKD. BYCURB FLASHING FT TOTAL FT IAREA SOFT-

FLASHING MEMBRANEDISTRESS TYPE DISTRESS TYPE

BF -. BASE FLASH DR -DRAIN & BL - BLISTERS SL - SLIPPAGEMC -METAL CAP SCUPPER RG - RIDGES PA - PATCHINGEM EMBEDDED MET SP - SPLITS DV - DEBRIS & VEGFP -FLASHED PEN HL - HOLES EQ - EQU SUPPORTSPP - PITCH PANS SR - SURF DET PD - PONDING

T YP EIS EV1 QUANTITIES ITOT. DEN. DV TYPE SEV QUANTITIES ~TOT. DEN., DV

_ _ _ __ _ = 10 - _ _ _ _ _ = MCI =_0 D

FLSHN RAIN MEBRN RAIG

___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ __ __ __ ___ ___ __ ___ {96_I-.-ll[ " I 11 9 .. ffiffiffiffi_________________

USA-CERL DISTRIBUTION

Chief )f Eneers TRADOCATTN: Tech Moni:or HQ, TRADOC. ATTN: ATE% DFHATTN: CEIM-SL 2) ATTN: DER (19)-TTN: CECC-PATTN: CECW TSARCOM. ATTN: STSAS F 43120AT7TN: CEC4 -0ATT'4: CEC W-P USACC, ATTN: Facli!es Ergr (2)ATTN: CEEC

, TTN: CEEC-C WESTCOMATTN: CEEC-E ATTN: DER, Ft. Sha er 9338ATTN: CERD ATTN: APEN-IMATTN: CERD-CATTN: CERD-M SHAPE 09055ATTN: CERM ATTN: Surv. Secton., CCB-()PSATTN: DAEN-ZCE Infrastructure Brancr. LANDAATTN: DAEN-ZCFATTN: DAEN-ZC[ HQ USEUCOM 09128ATTN: DAEN-ZCM ATTN: ECJ 4/7-LL)EATTN: DAEN-ZCZ FORT BELVOIR, VA 22060 (7)FESA. ATTN: Library 22060 ATTN: Canadian Liaison Off!cer

ATTN: DET 11I 79906 ATTN: British Liaison OfficerATT4: Australian Liaison Officer

US Army Engineer Districts ATTN: French Liaison OfficerATTN: Library 141) ATTN: German Liaison Off~cer

ATTN: Water Resources Suppcrt Ctr

US Army Engineer Divisions ATTN: Engr Studies CenterATTN: Library 114) ATTN: Engr Topographic Lab.

ATTN: ATZA-DTE-SUUS Army Europe ATTN: ATZA-DTE-EM

AEAEN-ODCS/Engr 09403 ATTN: R&D CommandISAE 09081V Corps CRREL. ATTN: Library 03755

ATTN: DER f111)VII Corps WES. ATTNz Library 39180

ATTN: DER (15)21st Support Command HQ, XVIII Airborn Corps

ATTN: DEH (12) and Fort BraggUSA Berlin NTTN: AFZA-FE-EE 28307

ATTN: DEH (11)USASETAF Area Engineer, AEDC-Area Office

ATTN: DER (10) Arnold Air Force Station, TN 37389Allied Command Europe (ACE)

ATTN: DEH (3) Chanute AFB, IL 618683345 CES/DE, Stop 27

8th USA. Korea (19) Norton AFB, CA 92409ATTN: AFRCE-MX/DEE

ROK/US Combined Forces Command 96301ATTN: EUSA-HHC-CFC/Engr AFESC. Tyndall AFB. FL 32403

NAVFACUSA Japan (USARJ) ATTN: Engineering Command (7)ATTN: AJEN-DEH 96343ATNEniergComd 7

ATTN: JEN-Hh 96343 ATTN: Division Offices (6)ATTN: Naval Public Works Center 19)

ATT N: DEH-Okinawa 96331 ATTN: Naval Civil Engr Lab. (3)

416th Engineer Command 60623 NCELATTN: Facilities Engineer ATTN: Library, Code L08A 93043

US Miitarv Academy 10966 Defense Technical Info. Center 22314ATTN: Facilities Engineer ATTN: DDA (2)ATTN: Dept of Geography &

Computer Science SETAF Engineer Design Office 09019ATTN: DSCPER/MAEN-A

AMMRC, ATTN DRXMR-WE 02172 Engr Societies Library, NY 10017

USA AMCCOM 61299-6000 Natl Guard Bureau Insti. Div 20310

ATTN: AMSMC-RI US Govt Print office 22304ATTN: AMSMC-IS Receiving Sect/Depository Copies (2)

AMC - Dir., Inst., & Servc US Army Env. Hygiene AgencyATTN: DEH (23) ATTN: HSHB-E 21010ATTN: AMCEN-A

DLA ATTN: DLA-WI 22314 National Bureau of Standards 20899

310DNA ATTN: NADS 20305 06/87

FORSCOMFORSCOM Engr. ATTN: AFEN-DEHATTN: DER (23)

HSCATTN: HSLO-F 78234ATTN: Facilities Engineer

Fitzsimons AMC 80240Walter Reed AMC 20012

EMC Team Distribution

Seattle 98124 Ft. Benning, GA 31905Chief of Engineers 20314 ATTN: Chief, NPSCO ATTN: ATZB-FE-EPATTN: DAEN-ZCF-B ATTN: Chief, NPSEN-FM ATTN: ATZB-FE-BGATTN: DAEN-ECZ-A ATTN: Chief, EN-DB-STATTN: DAEN-ECB (2) Walla Walla 99362 Ft. Leavenworth, KS 66027ATTN: DAEN-ZCP ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: ATZLCA-SA

Alask& 99501US Army Engineer District ATTN: Chief, NPASA-R Ft. Lee, VA 23801New York 10007 ATTN: DRXMC-D (2)

ATTN: Chief, Design Br US Army Engineer DivisionPittsburgh 15222 New England 02154 Ft. McPherson, GA 30330

ATTN: Chief, ORPCD ATTN: Chief, NEDED-T ATTN: AFEN-CDATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Laboratory

Philadelphia 19106 AWN: Chief, NEDCD Ft. Monroe, VA 23651ATTN: Chief, NAPEN-D Middle East (Rear) 22601 ATTN: ATEN-AD (3)

Baltimore 21203 ATWN: Chief, MEDED-T ATTN: ATEN-FE-MEATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: ATEN-FE-BG (2)

Norfolk 23510 North Atlantic 10007ATTN: Chief, ?AOEN-M ATTN: Chief, NADEN Ft. Richardson, AK 99505ATTN: Chief, NAOEN-D South Atlantic 30303 ATTN: AFZT-FE-E

Huntington 25721 ATTN: LaboratoryATTN: Chief, ORHED-F AT'N: Chief, SADEN-TC Rocky Mountain Arsenal 80022

Wilmington 28401 ATTN: Chief, SADEN-TS ATTN: SARRM-CO-FEPATTN: Chief, SAWCO-CATN: Chief, SAWEN-D Huntsville 35807 USA-WES 39180

Charleston 29402 ATTN: Chief, HNDED-CS ATTN: C/StructuresATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Chief, HNDED-M ATTN: Soils & Pavements Lab

Savannah 31402 ATTN- Chief, HNDED-SR

ATTN: Chief, SASAS-L Lower Mississippi 39180 Naval Facilities Engr Command 22332Jacksonville 32232 ATN: Chief, LMVED-G ATTN: CODE 2013 C

ATTN: Const Div Ohio River 45201Mobile 36628 ATTN: Laboratory COMMANDER (CODE 2636) 93555

ATTN- Chief, SAMEN-D ATTN: Chief, Engr Div Naval Weapons CenterATTN: Chief, SAMEN-F Missouri River 68101ATTN: Chief, SAMEN ATN: Chief, MRDED-G Little Rock AFB

Nashville 37202 ATTN: Laboratory ATTN: 314/DEEEATTN: Chief, ORNED-F Southwestern 75202

Memphis 38103 ATTN: Laboratory Bldg. Research Advisory Board 20418AWAN: Chief, Const Div ATTN: Chief, SWDED-MAATTN: Chief, LMMED-D ATTN: Chief, SWDED-TG Dept of Transportation Library 20590

Vicksburg 39180 South Pacific 94111 Transportation Research Board 20418ATTN. Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Laboratory

Louisville 40201 Pacific Ocean 96858ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Chief, Engr Div 112

Detroit 48231 ATTN: FM&S Branch .1

ATTN: Chief, NCEED-T ATTN: Chief, PODED-D 3/87

St. Paul 55101 North Pacific 97208ATTN: Chief, ED-D ATTN: LaboratoryATTN: Chief, ED-F ATTN: Chief, Engr Div

Rock Island 61201ATTN: Chief, NCRED-F 6th US Army 94129

St. Louis 63101 ATTN: AFKC-ENATTN; Chief, ED-DKanss Ciy 6406 th US Army 09407Kansas City 04100 ATTN- AETTM-HRD-EHD

ATN: Chief, Engr DivOmaha 68102 HQ, Combined Field Army (ROK/US) 96358

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: CFAR-ENNew Orleans 70160

ATTN: Chief, LMNED-DGLittle Rock 42203 US Army Foreign Science and

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div Tech CenterTulsa 74102 ATTN: Charlottesville, VA 22901

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Far East Office 96328 Tyndall AFB 32403Ft. Worth 76102 ATTN: HQ AFESC/DEMM (3)

ATTN: Chief, SWFED-D USA ARRADCOM 01801AT1Galveston 77550 ATTN: DRDAR-LCA-OK FESA 22060ATTN: Chief, SWGAS-L ATTN: CEFES-EB (3)ATTN: Chief, SWGCO-C HQ, USAMRDCATTN: Chief, SWGED-DC ATTN: SGRD-PLC CRREL 07355

Albuquerque 87103 Ft Der D CRRELATTN: Chief, Engr Div Fort Detrick, MD 21701 ATTN: CECRL-EC (3)

Los Angeles 90053 19112ATTN- Chief, SPLED-F West Point, NY 10996 NAVFACENGCOM

San Francisco 94105 ATTN: Dept of Mechanics ATTN: Code 102A (750)

ATTN: Chief, Engr Div ATTN: Library

Sacramento 95814ATTN: Chief, SPKED-D Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060ATTN: Chief, SPKCO-C ATrNI Learning Resource Center

Far East 96301ATTN: Chief, Engr Div

Portland 97208ATTN- Chief, DB-6ATTN: Chief, FM-IATTN: Chief, FM-2

4I

SI.I, .. ... 1....

A ' AJ%>~

12~