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Shooting Sports and Wildlife

Member Advancement Guide

Name:_________________________Birth Date:______________________

Table of ContentsForward 2Introduction 2Step 1 3Step 2 4Step 3 5Step 4 6Step 5 8Step 6 9Step 7 11References 12

The Shooting Sports/Wildlife Advancement Guide has been revised and referenced by Angie Hauer, Dana Listerud, Dennis Moeller, Janet Schweigert, and Ann Zick, as well as the State 4-H Shooting Sports/Wildlife Program Development Committee.

This Guide was originally developed by Wayne E. Carlson and Jim Kitts, associate professor, with special assistance from the State 4-H Shooting Sports Development Committee members.

Graphic Design- Christine KohlsEditor- Phyllis Petersen

ForewardThe Advancement Guide is designed to help youth in the Shooting Sports/Wildlife Project area increase their skills, knowledge and understanding of shooting, wildlife, leadership, and community service. It is a guide to help youth better understand the breadth and depth of shooting sports and wildlife management. It also is a tool for

© 2018 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. University of Minnesota Extension is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In

accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this material is available in alternative formats upon request. 1

volunteer leaders to keep track of where each young person is in this project area. It can be used as a resource for project meetings with ideas and suggested outcomes. Many of the activities are referenced in publications listed in the back of this booklet and can be located at libraries and bookstores, as well as at 4-H, Department of Natural Resources, or county soil and conservation offices. This guide is available through the University of Minnesota Extension page at: www.extension.umn.eduThe purpose of this guide is to use as a tool or a means to an end instead of an end itself. Each step is laid out to encourage a certain sequence of learning, yet youth may have checked off sections throughout the booklet before completing Step 1. Have fun, but always keep safety first!

Stephan P. CarlsonExtension Specialist

IntroductionThe 4-H Shooting Sports/Wildlife Member Advancement Program will help youth:

● Develop leadership and citizenship qualities.

● Practice safe and responsible use of firearms.

● Develop positive relationships with adult and family members.

● Develop an understanding of the principles of wildlife management.

● Develop self discipline in skills, and learn sportsmanship and ethical behavior.

● Develop an appreciation for the history and tradition of shooting sports.

● Appreciate shooting sports as a lifetime recreation or career, and

● Have positive experiences in the Shooting Sports/Wildlife project.

The 4H Shooting Sports/Wildlife Member Advancement Program is designed to be an important learning part of your project records. Some of the answers to questions asked on the advancement program are found in 4H manuals. Additional information may be obtained in other publications as well as project, club, or group meetings.

Fill in the date as you do each option. Have your leader or another person, such as a junior leader or parent, initial it. When you have completed the required number of options, for a step, you will qualify for an Advancement Certificate. Upon completion of all 7 steps, you will be recognized at the state meeting of the Shooting Sports/Wildlife Program Development Committee and awarded a plaque.

In starting a new skill such as shotgun, .22 rifle, or black powder you should start in Step 1 and go through Step 7 for that skill. At least half of the options for that skill should be complete before going to the next step.

After you have passed Step 1, go on to Steps 2, 3, 4, etc. You can pass options for higher steps while you are working on a lower step, but you can not qualify for that higher step Advancement Certificate until you have completed all preceding steps. Good luck!

Step 1Welcome to the challenges of the 4-H Shooting Sports/ Wildlife Member Advancement Program. When you have completed 20 skill options from the 54 listed below, you will

be eligible to receive an advancement certificate from your 4-H leader for Step 1. You can then move on to Step 2. Seven of the 20 skill options must be in categories A, B, and C. If you are 13 or older, select at least two from category I.

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A. Safety Date Initial-Demonstrate the ten principles of firearm safety. (2, 23) ____ ____-Demonstrate (without actually loading) the loading of an air rifle. (23) ____ ____-Demonstrate the safety practices to be followed when picking up a firearm or receiving one from someone. (23) ____ ____-Name six range commands. (23) ____ ____-Name the range safety rules for participants and spectators. ____ ____

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Name four basic needs for all animals, including humans. (19, 23) ____ ____-Name and describe two big game animals. (19, 23) ____ ____-Define the term “Wildlife Conservation”. (23) ____ ____-Why do many animals migrate? (1, 19) ____ ____-What do predators do for wildlife, and are humans predators? (8, 23) ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics and Responsibility-Name the six rules that are a part of a hunter’s code of ethics. (2, 23) ____ ____-Name three reasons for game laws.(2, 19, 23) ____ ____

D. Archery-Name the basic archery safety rules(23)____ ____-Name the five basic parts of a bow(23). ____ ____-Name the basic parts and functions of an arrow, four different arrow points, and three different types of fletchings. (5, 23)____ ____-Describe and tell the merits of the three types of bows. (5) ____ ____-Shoot for groups. ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Name the basic shotgun safety rules.(23)___ ____-Demonstrate the proper fitting of a shotgun to the shooter. (23) ____ ____-Identify the four types of shotgun actions. (4, 23) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to field strip and clean a shotgun. (5) ____ ____-Describe the protective equipment to use with a shotgun. ____ ____

F. Pistol-Demonstrate the basic pistol safety rules. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to load an air pistol. ____ ____-Name the three basic parts of a pistol. (23) ____ ____-Identify two types of air pistol actions. (3,23) ____ ____-Shoot air pistol for groups. ____ ____-Demonstrate fitting a pistol to the shooter. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Demonstrate the basic rifle safety rules. ____ ____-Demonstrate fitting a rifle to the shooter. (23)____ ____-Identify the three main groups of parts of a rifle. (3, 23) ____ ____-Identify four types of rifle actions. (3, 23) ____ ____-Describe how an air rifle works. (23) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to clean an air rifle.(23) ____ ____-Shoot an air rifle for groups. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Name the basic safety rules for muzzleloaders. (4, 23) ____ ____-Name the three main parts of a muzzleloader. ____ ____-Name the two main methods of ignition in muzzleloaders and how they work. (4, 23) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to throw a tomahawk safely. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Enroll as a junior leader in Shooting Sports/ Wildlife Project. ____ ____-Help keep members informed of meetings. ____ ____-Work one-on-one to help one or more younger members on the firing line. ____ ____

J. History-Study and report on the early history of the fur trade and the use of guns and traps in harvesting meats and furs in Minnesota. (23)____ ____-Research and report on the role of the voyagers in our state history. ____ ____-Research and report on the types of archery equipment used by the early Native Americans in Minnesota. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Prepare a Shooting Sports/Wildlife exhibit for the county fair. (8) ____ ____-Keep a shooter’s log or diary for one summer.___ ____-Make a mousetrap gun. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to read and use a compass. (10, 20, 23) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to read a topographic map. (23) ____ ____-Demonstrate walking a trail using a compass. ____ ____

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Step 2You must pass 20 skill options in order to complete this step and qualify to move on to Step 3. When you have completed these 20 skill options, you will be eligible to receive an advancement certificate from your 4-H leader for Step 2. You must include six skill options from categories A, B, and C and at least two options from category I if you are 13 or older.

A. Safety Date Initials-Give five examples of when you should unload a gun. (23) ____ ____-Name two different types of eye protection and the merits of each. ____ ____-Name three types of ear protection and the merits of each. ____ ____-Demonstrate proper off-season storage and/or transportation of firearm. ____ ____-Demonstrate the safe loading of two types of rifles. (23) ____ ____-Receive orientation for participating in a competitive event (range etiquette). ____ ____-Demonstrate proper off-season and/ortransportation of archery equipment. ____ ____

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Name and describe four upland gamespecies. (1, 23) ____ ____-Define the term “Wildlife Management (1, 8, 23) ____ ____-Name and describe five fur bearing species (1,23) ____ ____-Describe the difference between a wildlife refuge and a wildlife management area. (23) ____ ____-Name and describe three waterfowl species. (1, 23) ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics and Responsibility-Define “ethics” and make a collage illustrating poor and good ethical shooting practices. (23) ____ ____-Research and report on why purchased hunting licenses are important in modern game management and wildlife conservation. (23) ____ ____

D. Archery-Demonstrate fitting two kinds of bows. ____ ____-Demonstrate archery marksmanship

fundamentals. ____ ____-Demonstrate three methods of stringing a bow. ____ ____-Make an arrow holder for the range. ____ ____-Shoot for record and record score here ____. ____ ____-Determine the nocking point on a bowstring. (15, 23) ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Describe shotgun marksmanship fundamentals for using shot and slug. ____ ____-Describe four “chokes” and their function. (4, 23) ____ ____-Demonstrate three shotgun shootingaccessories. ____ ____-Shoot a shotgun pattern. (23) ____ ____-Identify the three basic parts of a shotgun. (23) ____ ____

F. Pistol-Demonstrate the relaxed aligned position for shooting (two hand hold). ____ ____-Demonstrate air pistol marksmanship fundamentals(sight picture and trigger control). ____ ____-Demonstrate how to care for and maintain an air pistol. (23) ____ ____-Shoot air pistol for record and record score here ____. ____ ____-Name four pistol calibers and how to identify the ammunition for each. ____ ____-Identify the three parts of an air pistol ammunition and their function. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Demonstrate selection of accessories for shooting both the air rifle and .22 rifle. ____ ____-Demonstrate the four shooting positions (23) ____ ____-Name five different rifle calibers and describe where to find the caliber on the ammunition. (23) ____ ____-Shoot air rifle for record and record score here ____. ____ ____-Explain what happens inside the .22 rifle and ammunition when the trigger is pulled.(23)____ ____

H. Black Powder-Name the four grades or sizes of black powder and their uses. (4, 23) ____ ____

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_________________________________ is qualified and has completed all requirements for Step 1 of the 4-H Shooting Name of 4-H MemberSports/Wildlife Advancement Program on _______________________.

date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________

Advancement Chairperson Project or Club Leader

-Name and demonstrate the use of seven pieces of special equipment necessary in all muzzle loading. (4) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to sharpen a tomahawk and/or a patch knife. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to cross a fence with a muzzleloader. (23) ____ ____-Learn to throw a tomahawk and demonstrate.___ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Enroll as a junior leader in the Shooting Sports/Wildlife project. ____ ____-Working one-to-one, help one or more younger members on the firing line. ____ ____-Working one-on-one, help younger members complete a project record. ____ ____-Help keep members informed of meetings. ____ ____

Step 3You must complete 20 skill options in order to complete this step and qualify to move on to Step 4. When you have completed these 20 skill options, you will be eligible to receive an advancement certificate for Step 3 from your 4-H leader. You must include six skill options from categories A, B, and C. If you are 13 or order, you must complete at least two options from Category I.

A. Safety Date Initials-Demonstrate how to clean a rifle correctly. (5) ____ ____-Demonstrate the safe loading of two types of shotguns. (23) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to cross a fence or ditch with a firearm. (2) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to carry a firearm with someone to the right and left of you (two carries). (5) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to carry a firearm with someone in front and behind you (two carries). (5) ____ ____

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Identify three waterfowl species by wing patterns. (23) ____ ____-Identify and describe ten songbird species. (25, 33) ____ ____-Select four species of wildlife and describe the food and cover needs of each. (1) ____ ____

J. History-Report to your group the history of bow hunting in Minnesota. ____ ____

-Report to your group the effect firearms had on state and national history. ____ ____-Describe the general history of firearms.(23) ____ ____-Research how and when the .22 rifle was first introduced. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Develop a photo story of three to five photos related to a Shooting Sports/Wildlife project. ____ ____-Make a kneeling roll. ____ ____-Demonstrate basic taxidermy mounting techniques. ____ ____-Make an archery finger tab. ____ ____-Make a pellet trap/target holder. ____ ____-Complete an intra- or inter-county shoot. Record score here._____ ____ ____

-Name five sources of water for wildlife. (1) ____ ____-Select four species of wildlife and describe how they differ in their space requirements. (1, 33). ____ ____-Name five winter foods of pheasants. (1, 19) ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Responsibility-Research and report on the need for daily and possession limits in game laws. ____ ____-Keep a detailed journal of conservation practices you participated in for three months. ____ ____-Name three reasons why a hunter should always first ask permission to hunt on private land. (23) ____ ____

D. Archery-Demonstrate how to care for and maintain a bow. (23) ____ ____-How does a bow site work? (15) ____ ____-Name three different kinds of associatedgear used in archery. (5) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to fletch an arrow. ____ ____-Shoot for record and record score here ____. ____ ____-Construct a bow stringer. ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Describe how a shotshell is fired with the steps involved in the gun and in the shell.(4) ____ ____-Name five different gauges and how to identify the shotshells and guns for each.(3) ____ ____

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date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________


-Make a gun case for a shotgun. ____ ____-Demonstrate a knowledge of shot sizes and their uses. ____ ____-Learn to shoot and break a moving target. (23) ____ ____

F. Pistol-Describe the accessories and their need for air pistol shooting. ____ ____-Name four pistol calibers and how to identify ammunition and pistols for each. ____ ____-Describe how an air pistol works. ____ ____-Make an air pistol cover or case. ____ ____-Shoot for record (two hand hold) and and record score here____. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Name three types of rifle sights. (23) ____ ____-Identify the three parts of air rifle pellets and their function. ____ ____-Describe what happens in an air rifle after the trigger is pulled. (23) ____ ____-Shoot a .22 rifle for groups. ____ ____-Shoot an air rifle for record and record score here____. ____ ____-Make a rifle case or cover. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Demonstrate the steps in loading a rifle.(4) ____ ____-Demonstrate the steps in loading a pistol. ____ ____-Demonstrate the steps in loading a shotgun. (23) ____ ____-Name five common calibers of modern muzzleloaders. (4) ____ ____-Tell how to determine if a muzzleloader is charged. (4) ____ ____-Shoot a rise for groups. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership

-Working one-on-one, help to coach(using leader/member method) and teach shooting fundamentals to one or more persons. ____ ____-Judge in a judging contest at a club or county level. ____ ____-Select a judging class of four items in a judging contest. ____ ____-Score a judging class. ____ ____-Working one-on-one, help younger members to prepare a demonstration or fair exhibit. ____ ____

J. History-Explain the difference between caliber in both American and European terms. ____ ____-Show the difference between caliber andgauge with drawings or demonstration props. ____ ____-Give a report on the size and scope of the firearm or archery industry in Minnesotatoday. ____ ____-Give two examples of how different strengths of materials were needed to accommodate technical advances in the firearm or archery industry. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Represent your county at a state invitational shoot. ____ ____-Give a demonstration or youth-in action presentation. ____ ____-Develop a poster of three to five close-up pictures of wildlife or wildlife activities. ____ ____-Choose a small game animal and demonstrate techniques for field dressing and cleaning it for cooking. (6, 23) ____ ____-Attach a sling to a rifle. ____ ____

Step 4You must complete 20 skills options in order to complete this step and qualify to move on to Step 5. When you have completed these 20 skill options, you will be eligible to receive an advancement certificate for Step 4 from your 4-H leader. You must include five skill options from categories A, B, and C. If you are 13 or older, you must complete at least two options from category I.

A. Safety Date Initials-Demonstrate how to make a survival kit. (23, 32) ____ ____-Name three game laws written for the safety of people. (2) ____ ____-Name four ways a bow hunter could have an accident and tell how to avoid each. (15) ____ ____-Name three primary rules for safe gun handling. ____ ____-Tell what hypothermia is and what to do to prevent it. (23, 32) ____ ____

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Define and illustrate the “food chain” and give an example. (23) ____ ____-Identify ten animal tracks and make castings of five of them. (6, 19, 29) ____ ____-Study and make a list of ten song birds and write a short life history for each including

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date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________


their four basic needs. ____ ____-Select three upland game birds and describe how to improve nesting cover, winter food, and winter cover for each.(1, 23) ____ ____-Name five winter foods for deer in your area (18, 24) ____ ____-How many young must each breedinganimal produce to maintain a stable population of a species of your choice? Howmany young must survive? ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Responsibility-Do research and report on why people hunt. (23, 30) ____ ____-Study and report on why Theodore Roosevelt and Aldo Leopold were importantto hunting and wildlife conservation. (27, 34) ____ ____-Enter a state or national shooting sportsvs wildlife conservation essay contest. ____ ____

D. Archery-Write a 100 word article about a state archery organization. ____ ____-Name three things a good quiver should have. (28) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to position the nocking point on a new bowstring and show the string to instructor. (15, 28) ____ ____-Demonstrate why the “spine” of an arrow is important in archery. (28) ____ ____-Shoot for score and participate in a competition. Record score here _____. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to make (fletch) an arrow. (28) ____ ____-Construct a bow case or cover.(28) ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Describe a regulation trap range with distances necessary for safety. ____ ____-Name and explain the uses of all the external parts of a shotgun. ____ ____-Describe how to reload shotshells. ____ ____-Keep a diary of your trap shootings for one year. ____ ____

-Report on why steel shot is used to hunt waterfowl and its advantages and disadvantages. ____ ____-Shoot a round of trap for record and record score here ____. ____ ____

F. Pistol-Name three types of handgun actions and

name two kinds of revolver actions. (3) ____ ____-Shoot for record with air pistol (two hand hold) and record score here _____ ____ ____-Shoot for groups with one hand hold air pistol. ____ ____-Describe how three pistol actions function and the parts involved. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to load each type of handgun action. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Demonstrate how to zero a rifle. ____ ____-Demonstrate with a drawing or props how trajectory of a bullet works. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to field strip and clean a .22 rifle. ____ ____-Shoot a .22 rifle or air rifle for record and participate in a 4-H competition and record score here .22. ____ air____. ____ ____-Shoot air rifle or .22 silhouettes or other game. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Load and shoot muzzle loading rifle for groups. ____ ____-Load and shoot a muzzle loading pistol for groups. ____ ____-Load and shoot a muzzle loading shotgun for a pattern. ____ ____-Demonstration how to “pull a ball.”(4) ____ ____-Construct a target backstop for a tomahawk.____ ____-Demonstrate how to clean a muzzleloader. ____ ____-Practice throwing a tomahawk at a mark. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Recruit and enroll one other member and help them during their first year. ____ ____-Arrange a field tour for your members with a leader. ____ ____-Research example of vandalism by shooters in your area; take pictures and give a report. ____ ____-Work with an adult to plan and conduct a project meeting. ____ ____-List ten careers associated with wildlife or shooting and detail at least one as to the amount of education necessary for it. ____ ____

J. History-Describe the contributions of Saxon Pope and Art Young to bow hunting. ____ ____-Visit a gun show and write a report of your observations. ____ ____-Describe in a 200 word paper the history of bows. ____ ____-Research and report to the group the history of the air gun. ____ ____

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Step 5You must complete 15 skills options in order to complete this step and qualify to move on to Step 6. When you have completed these 15 skills options, you will be eligible to receive an advancement certificate for Step 5 from your 4-H leader. You must complete five skill options from categories A, B, and C. if you are 13 or older, you must complete at least three skill options from category I.

A. Safety Date Initials-Assemble a first aid kit and demonstrate its use. (32) ____ ____-Name the seven rules of survival. ____ ____-Tell what you are to do for frostbite and how to avoid it. (32) ____ ____

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Develop a list and study three species of upland game and write a life history for eachwhich includes their four basic needs. ____ ____-Write a 200 word story describing conditions if nothing ever died. ____ ____-Develop a list of local waterfowl and studythree species of waterfowl. ____ ____-Write life histories for each to include their four basic needs and how to improve their habitat. ____ ____-List and describe some wildlife management tools used by professionals to manage wildlife. (1) ____ ____-Describe how stocking programs, wildlife refuges, and predator control can be used as management tools. ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Responsibility-Keep a detailed weekly hunting journal (diary) for six months. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Prepare and serve a nutritious meal from the game you harvested. ____ ____-Demonstrate methods of preserving game. ____ ____-Gather and describe the basic gear needed for camping. (10) ____ ____-Mount a bird, animal or antlers. ____ ____-Construct a knife sheath. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to make a trail. ____ ____-Carve a likeness of a favorite animal out of wood. ____ ____

-Construct a shooting jacket. ____ ____

D. Archery-Describe what a hunter should do after hitting a deer with an arrow. (15) ____ ____-Construct an archery butt. ____ ____-Construct a bow cover or case. (28) ____ ____-Write a 200 word essay on the need for camouflage in hunting deer with bow and arrow. ____ ____-Shoot special games such as field archery. ____ ____-Shoot for record and record score here_____. ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Shoot trap for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Write a 200 word report on an actual hunt you participated in. ____ ____-Refinish a shotgun stock and forearm. ____ ____-Name and explain the internal parts of a shotgun. ____ ____-Describe safety precautions used when several gauges of shotguns and shotshells are used by the same person. ____ ____

F. Pistol-Shoot for groups with one hand hold (international position) using air and .22 pistol. ____ ____-Make or refinish a set of pistol grips. ____ ____-Shoot air pistol for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to field strip and cleana .22 pistol. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Make or refinish a rifle stock. ____ ____-Shoot a large caliber rifle for groups. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to reload rifle ammunition.____ ____-Shoot .22 or air rifle for record and record scores here .22_____, air_____. ____ ____-Participate in an air rifle or .22 rifle competition and record score here_____. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Make a powderhorn or possible bag. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to make lead balls safely. ____ ____-Participate in a muzzleloading competition. ____ ____-Keep a shooting log for muzzle loading forone year. ____ ____

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date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________


-Demonstrate how to sharpen a flint(knapping a flint). ____ ____-Shoot rifle and pistol for record and recordscore here R_____, P_____. ____ ____-Throw tomahawk for record and record score here_____. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Plan a shooting sports event for your group with a leader. ____ ____-Pick up or take one or more members to a meeting or activity. ____ ____-Help run a shooting event in your group. ____ ____-Give leadership to planning and conducting a community service project related to wildlife or shooting sports. ____ ____-Plan and conduct a wildlife judging contest for your club. ____ ____-Seek membership and serve on a county level developmental committee in shooting sports. ____ ____

Step 6After completing Step 5, you may go on to Step 6 and complete 15 skill options. When you have completed these, you may be eligible to receive an advancement certificate for level 6 from your 4-H leader. You must complete five skill options from categories A, B, and C. If you are 13 years or older, you must complete at least three skill options from category I.

A. Safety Date Initials-Explain hypothermia and what you should do to prevent it and/or how to treat it. (31) ____ ____-Explain heat exhaustion and what you do to prevent it and/or treat it. (31) ____ ____-Describe all pressure points on the human body to stop bleeding. (12) ____ ____-Attend a first aid course. (12) ____ ____

J. History-Attend a gun collector show and report your impressions to the group. ____ ____-Describe in a 200 word essay the history of the shotgun. ____ ____-Describe in a 200 word essay the history of the rifle in the United States. ____ ____-Describe in a 200 word essay the history of the technical advances of arrows. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Demonstrate how to field dress a big game animal. (6) ____ ____

-Research and write a report on one or more breeds of hunting dogs. (11) ____ ____-Demonstrate how to cook game outdoors. (10, 26) ____ ____-Make a game call and demonstrate its use. ____ ____-Research and describe the nutritional values of wild game compared to domestic red meat. ____ ____-Exhibit at State Fair. ____ ____-Construct a patch knife or hunting knife. ____ ____-Coordinate a postal shooting match between two counties.

B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Develop a list and study five species of mammals (18, 24), amphibians, or reptiles and write up life histories for them to include their four basic needs and their differences. ____ ____-Define “carrying capacity” and why it is lower at most severe times of the year and higher during breeding time. (8) ____ ____-Describe how hunting and trapping can be used as management tools. ____ ____-Describe how habitat improvement can be used as a management tool. ____ ____-Describe six steps in habitat improvement (8). ____ ____-Demonstrate how to clean and cut up a waterfowl or upland bird. ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Responsibility-Read and report on the book Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold. (17) ____ ____-Determine what the “Pittman-Robertson Act” is and report to the group. Why is it important to you? (23) ____ ____

D. Archery-Construct a long bow. ____ ____-Write a 500 word essay on the history ofarchery featuring the important technical advances in both bows and arrows. ____ ____-Compete in the State Invitational Competition and record score here_____. ____ ____

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date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________


-Read and report on The Witchery of Archery by Maurice Thompson. (31) ____ ____

E. Shotgun-Reblue a shotgun. ____ ____-Write a 300 word description of a “how to” for two of the following: duck hunting, pheasant hunting (11), turkey hunting (11), rabbit hunting, or squirrel hunting. ____ ____-Shoot trap for record and record score here _____. ____ ____-Shoot trap in the State Invitational Competition and record score here_____. ____ ____

F. Pistol-Write a 300 word essay on today’s uses of handguns and the necessary safety practices for each. ____ ____-Shoot a large pistol for groups. ____ ____-Compete in the State Invitational Competition for air pistol and record score here_____. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Demonstrate how to “zero in” a large rifle. ____ ____-Write a 400 word history of the rifle with emphasis on the technical advances. ____ ____-Competition for air rifle and/or .22 and record score here_____. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Describe for the group how the various rifling (twists) in rifle barrels affects what type of ammunition to use. ____ ____-Describe to the group what the effective ranges are for muzzle loading rifles, pistols, and shotguns, and why they are different from modern firearms. ____ ____

-Tell what black powder is made of and what makes it different from modern powder. (4) ____ ____-Compete at the State Invitational Competition in the triathlon, record scores here _____, _____, _____. ____ ____-Build a muzzle loading rifle, pistol or shotgun from a kit. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Organize and run a county shooting sports activity. ____ ____-Plan and conduct a wildlife bowl event in the group. ____ ____-Seek a donation from a local donor for

your county program. ____ ____-Write a project publicity article for a local paper or newsletter. ____ ____

J. History-Describe in 200 words the history of shotshells emphasizing the technical advances. ____ ____-Describe in 200 words the history of rifle ammunition with emphasis on the technical advances. ____ ____-Write a 200 word essay on the history of the Shooting sports/Wildlife Project in Minnesota. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Collect scientific data on a particular species of wildlife. ____ ____-Demonstrate how to cut up a deer for the freezer. ____ ____-Fill out a standard report for county, district, and state evaluation in quest of a trip to the National 4-H Congress. ____ ____-Construct a shooting bench. ____ ____-Demonstrate survival shelters. (21) ____ ____-Demonstrate techniques of reorienting yourself when lost. ____ ____-Glass-bed a rifle action and barrel. ____ ____

Step 7After completing Step 6, you may go on to Step 7. It is the most challenging of all steps and we ask you to complete seven skill options after which you will be eligible to receive an advancement certificate for Step 7 from your 4-H leader. You must complete activities in at least four categories. You must complete at least two skill options from either categories A, B, or C.

A. Safety Date Initials-Write a 300 word essay on the safe handling and shooting of a bow and arrow. ____ ____-Write a 300 word essay on the safe handling and firing of handguns. ____ ____-Write a 300 word essay on the safe handling and firing of muzzleloaders. ____ ____

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date.Approved by _____________________________ __________________________________


B. Wildlife Management/Biology-Define and describe in your own words the term “succession” in wildlife habitat.(1) ____ ____-Design a habitat improvement project for 40 acres of a farm in your area. (1, 13) ____ ____-Take the “Adult Hunter Education Training Course” from the Department of Natural Resources. (23) ____ ____

C. Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Responsibility-Describe to the group in your own words Jackson and Norton’s “Stages in Hunter Development” (shooter, limit bagger, trophy hunter, method hunter, and ethical hunter). ____ ____

D. Archery-Visit a Minnesota archery dealer or manufacturer and write a report on their contribution to Shooting Sports. ____ ____-Write a 300 word popular article on an archery hunt. ____ ____-Shoot for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Shoot in a competitive event and recordscore here_____. ____ ____ E. Shotgun-Shoot for record and record score here _____. ____ ____-Shoot in a competitive event and recordscore here _____. ____ ____

F. Pistol-Shoot for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Shoot in a competitive event and record score here____. ____ ____

G. Rifle-Shoot for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Shoot in a competitive event and record score here_____. ____ ____

H. Black Powder-Shoot for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Throw tomahawk for record and record score here_____. ____ ____-Shoot and throw in a competitive event. ____ ____

I. Youth Leadership-Develop computer program software for county Shooting Sports/Wildlife Project. ____ ____-Seek membership and serve on the State Shooting Sports/Wildlife Program Development Committee for a three year term. ____ ____-Develop a mission statement for your county Shooting Sports/Wildlife Project. ____ ____

J. History

-Start an antique collection of firearms or archery associated gear. ____ ____-Recondition an old firearm or bow or associated gear. ____ ____

K. Associated Activities-Construct a gun cabinet. ____ ____-Make a set of silhouette targets. ____ ____-Demonstrate the use of a dog in hunting. (11) ____ ____-Design a pattern for a shooting jacket and construct it. ____ ____-Design patterns for voyager costume and construct it. ____ ____-Do scientific research on wildlife and write an article for a scientific journal. ____ ____

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References:

1. Benson, D. & Neilson Jr., E. (1991). Wildlife habitat evaluation handbook. Fort Collins, CO: National 4-H Council.

2. Boddington, C.(Ed). (1989). Hunter’s safety series volume I: Hunter responsibility. Peterson’s Hunting Magazine. Video, 30 min.

3. Boddington, C.(Ed). (1989). Hunter’s safety series volume II: Rifles, handguns, and ammunition. Peterson’s Hunting Magazine. Video, 20 min.

4. Boddington, C.(Ed). (1989). Hunter’s safety series volume III: Shotguns and muzzleloaders. Peterson’s Hunting Magazine. Video, 41 min.

5. Boddington, C.(Ed). (1989). Hunter’s safety series IV: Gun handling and archery. Peterson’s Hunting Magazine. Video, 37 min.

6. Boddington, C.(Ed). (1989). Hunter’s safety series volume V: Wildlife education and game care. Peterson’s Hunting Magazine. Video, 39 min.

7. Boyer, T. & Gooders, J. (1990). American nature guides: Ducks. New York City: Gallery Books.

8. Carlson, S. & Wemmer, L. (1994). Wildlife diversity: The links of life. St. Paul: University of Minnesota. Wildlife Biology Members Manual: Book 2. Minnesota Extension Service: Center for 4-H Youth Development. Publication BU 6340.

9. Conant, R., & Collins, J. (1991). The Peterson field guide series: A field guide to reptiles and amphbians (3rd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

10. Drury, J. & Bonney, B. (1992). The backcountry classroom: Lesson plans for teaching in the wilderness. Merrillville, IN: ICS Books.

11. Elman, R. (1993). The game bird hunter’s bible. New York: Doubleday.

12. Handal, K.A. (1992). The American Red Cross: First aide and safety handbook. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

13. Henderson, C.L. (1987). Landscaping for wildlife. St. Paul: Minnesota’s Bookstore. Nongame Wildlife Program: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. To order contact: Minnesota’s Bookstore, 117 University Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55155. Telephone: (612) 297-3000 or 1-800-657-3757.

14. Henderson, C.L. (1992). Woodworking for wildlife: Homes for birds and mammals. St. Paul: Minnesota’s Bookstore. Nongame Wildlife Program:

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. To order contact: Minnesota’s Bookstore, 117 Universiity Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55155. Telephone: (612) 297-3000 or 1-800-657-3757.

15. Lawrence, H. (1993). The archer’s and bowhunter’s bible. New York: Doubleday.

16. Leatherdale, F. & Leatherdale, P. (1988). Successful pistol shooting. Ramsbury, Great Britain: Crowood Press.

17. Leopold, A. (1949). A sand country almanac. New York: Oxford University Press.

18. McDonald, D.(Ed). (1984). The encyclopedia of mammals. New York: Facts on File.

19. McInnes, P. & Kroll, M. (1992). The call of the wild. St. Paul: University of Minnesota. Wildlife Biology Members Manual: Book 1. Minnesota Extension Service: Center for 4-H Youth Development. Publication BU 5762.

20. McNeill, C. (1989). Orienteering: The skill of the game. Ramsbury. Great Britain: Crowood Press.

21. Olson, L.D. (1973). Outdoor survival skills. New York: Pocket Books.

22. Outdoor Empire Publishing. (1991). Hunter Education instructor guide: North central edition. Seattle, WA: Outdoor Empire Publishing. Contact Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

23. Outdoor Empire Publishing. (1991). North central hunter education manual: Firearms safety training. (1993 Student ed.). Seattle, WA: Outdoor Empire Publishing. Contact: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

24. Parker, S.P. (Ed.). (1990). Grzimek’s encyclopedia: Mammals. Volume 1-5. New York: McGraw-Hill.

25. Peterson, R.T. (1980). A field guide to the birds: Eastern birds. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

26. Richard, S., Orr, D., & Lindholm, C. (Eds.) (1991). NOLS Cookery: Experience the art of outdoor cooking. (3rd ed.). Harrisburg, PA: NOLS & Stackpole Books.

27. Runte, A. (1979). National Parks: The American experience (2nd ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska.

28. Schuh, D. (1987). Bowhunter’s encyclopedia. Harrisburg, PA.: Stackpole Books.

29. Stall, C. (1989). Animal tracks of the great lakes. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers.

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30. Swan, J.A. (1995). In defense of hunting. New York: Harper San Francisco.

31. Thompson, M. (1879). The witchery of archery: A complete manual of archery. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons. Contact: Center for Research Libraries, Chicago.

32. Tilton, B. & Hubbell, F. (1994). Medicine for the backcountry (2nd ed.). Merrillville, IN: ICS Books.

33. Wernert, S.J. (Ed.). (1982). North American wildlife. New York: Reader’s Digest Association.

34. Wild, P. (1979). Pioneer conservationist of western America. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press.

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