meljun cortes computer information processing chapter 8 with notes

7/31/2019 MELJUN CORTES Computer Information Processing Chapter 8 With Notes

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CCT101: Chapter 8

Operating Systems and Utility Programs


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OBJECTIVES

Identify the various types of system software

Differentiate between an operating system and utilityprogram

Describe the features of operating systems

Describe the functions of an operating system Identify and briefly describe popular operating systems

used today

Discuss the purpose of the following utilities:

File viewer, file compression, diagnostic, disk scanner,defragmenter, uninstaller, backup, anti virus, and screensaver


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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Consists of the programs that control the operations of

the computer and its devices


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

A set of programs containing instructions that

coordinate all of the activities among

computer hardware resources

Allows you to run application software

The operating system used on a computer is called

the software platform

Some applications run on several operating system

(cross-platform)

For example, FileMaker Pro, runs on MicrosoftWindows and Macintosh operating system


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

User interfaces

Part of the software with which you interact

Controls how data and instructions are entered and

information is presented in the screen

Command-line interface

Type keywords or press special keys

Command language (The set of commands you use to

interact with the computer)

Graphical user interface (GUI)

Use menus and visual images such as icons, buttons to

issue commands User-friendly

Browser-like features


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Features of Operating Systems

Single user (single tasking)

Allows only one user to run one program at a time

Multitasking

Allows a single user to work on two or more applications that

reside in memory at the same time

Foreground application

Background applications

Multiuser

Enables two or more users to run a program simultaneously

Multiprocessing Can support two or more CPUs running programs at the same

time


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Functions of an Operating System

Memory management Use virtual memory to optimize RAM

To allocate, or assign data and instructions to an area of

memory while they are being processed

To monitor carefully the contents of the items in memory

To clear the items from memory

Manages the contents ofbuffer (Area of memory orstorage in which data and information is placed)


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Virtual memory (VM)

OS allocates a portion of storagemedium, to function as additional RAM

Swap file

The area of the hard disk used forvirtual memory

Swap data and program instructions

Pages and paging

Page : The amount of data and programinstructions exchanged at a given time

Paging : The technique of swappingitems


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Spooling print jobs Jobs placed in a buffer before sent to a printer

Because the CPU sends print jobs to the printer at a

rate much faster than the printer can print The CPU is available to process next instruction

Print spooler : The program that manages and

intercepts print jobs and places them in the queue


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Configuring devices Device drivers : A small program that accepts

commands from another program and then converts

the commands into commands that the device

understands When you add a new device, a driver also must be

present

Plug and Play

Interrupt request (IRQ)

Communications line between a deviceand the CPU


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Monitoring system performance Performance monitoring software

Accesses and reports information about

various system resources and devices

Helps user to identify problems withresources

Administering security

Logging on

User ID

Password

Compare with file


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OPERATING SYSTEMS

Managing storage media and files

File manager program

Formatting and copying disks

Displaying lists of files

Checking the amount of used and free space

Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting

files


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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS

DOS

Disk Operating System

Several versions

PC-DOS : For IBM computers MS-DOS : For IBM-compatible personal computers

Command-line

Less popular


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Windows 3.x

Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, and Windows 3.11

Operating environment

Graphical user interface that works in combination with an operatingsystem to simplify its use


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Windows 95

True multitasking operating system

Improved graphical user interface

Supports networking Plug and Play technology

Longer file names

E-mail


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Windows 98

Upgrade to Windows 95

Includes Microsoft Internet Explorer

New features Faster system startup and shutdown

Better file management

Supports USB


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Windows 2000

Upgrade to Windows 98 and Windows NT

Graphical user interface

Windows 2000 Server Network servers

Windows 2000 Professional

Stand-alone business desktop or laptop computers, and clients


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Windows CE

Designed for use on wireless communicationsdevices and smaller computers

Graphical user interface

Requires limited memory Supports multitasking, e-mail and Internetcapabilities

Auto PC

Is a device mounted onto a vehicles dashboard

Using an automobile equipped with Auto PC, thedriver can obtain information such as drivingdirections, traffic condition and etc

Direct through voice commands


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UNIX

Multi-user and multitasking

Command-line interface

Difficult to remember and use Capable of handling a high volume of transactions in a multi-user

environment and working with multiple CPUs using

multiprocessing

Used on Workstations and servers


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Linux

Free

Open-source software

The code is made available to the public Customers can personalize the software to meet their needs

Users can modify the software to share their improvement with

others

Gaining in popularity


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NetWare

Widely used network operating system designed for client-server

networks

Server portion resides on network server Client portion resides on each client computer


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

Also called a utility

Performs a specific task, usually related to managing a

computer, its devices, or its programs

Built into operating system


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

File viewer

Displays the contents of a file

Quick view Display the content of text files

Imaging preview For graphics files File compression utility

Reduces, or compresses the size of a file

Takes up less storage space

Improves system performance

Reduces downloading and transmission time


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

Diagnostic utility Compiles technical information about the

computers hardware and certain system software

programs

Prepares a report outlining any identified problems

Disk scanner

Detects and corrects both physical and logical

problems on a hard disk or floppy disk

Scandisk

Detects and corrects problems Disk cleanup

Searches for and removes unwanted files


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

Disk defragmenter

Reorganizes the files and unused space on a computers hard

disk

Data can be accessed more quickly Programs can run faster

Uninstaller

Removes an application, as well as any associated entries in the

system files


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

Backup utility

Allows user to copy, or backup selected files or the

entire hard disk

Compress files

Antivirus

Prevents, detects and removes viruses from a

computers memory or storage devices

Virus is a program that copies itself into other

programs and spreads through multiple computers


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UTILITY PROGRAMS

Screen saver

Causes the monitors screen to display a moving image or blank

screen

To secure a computer, user can configure the screen saver byentering password

meljun cortes computer information processing chapter 8 with notes

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