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Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change

in Kenya

Meine van Noordwijk and Thomas Yatich World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

2009 Forest Day 3, Learning Event

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Globally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (GAMA)

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA)

Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (LAMA)

Landscapeapproaches toadaptation +

mitigation

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�Administrativemosaic�Ethnic and social affinity mosaic�Watershed hierar-chies�Patchwork of ve-getation�Patchwork of land access/ forest class rules

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stem-flow

through-fall

rainfall cloudinterception

lateraloutflow

percolation

rechargeinfiltration

surfaceevaporation

transpiration

canopy waterevaporation

uptake

quick-flow

baseflow

{surfacerun-on

sub-surfacelateralinflow

surfacerun-off

Stream:

the trees

the soil

What matters most in a ‘forest’:

the landscape

?

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14

2

35

Myth-use of forest hydrology for maintaining political control over land

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http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf

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Paradigm CES: ‘Commoditized ES’or markets for commoditizedenvironmental service procure-ment (or land use proxies with periodic full impact study)

Paradigm COS: ‘CompensatingOpportunitiesSkipped’ or paying land users for accepting man-datory or volun-tary restrictions on their use of land

Paradigm CIS: ‘Co-investment in Stewardship’ andco-manage-ment of land-scapes for redu-cing poverty and enhancing ES, sharing risk and responsibility

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http://portal.iri.columbia.edu/portal/server.pt

July 2009 Forecast of El Nino condi-tions: above-average rainfall in Kenya

In fact: late start of rains, below-average total as yet; water rationing in Nairobi

Predictability of rainfall at gro-wing-season scale is still low

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+~ 50 NTU 5-10 NTU

Dam & spillway

under repair

Chania river intake

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Lesson 2

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Nairobi

Stakeholders• Local farmers organizations• Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company• Water Resources Management Authority• Athi River Water Services Board• Kenya Forestry Service• Ministry of Livestock.

Research Partners• World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);• National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)ofKenya• Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf

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Rapid/replicable Hydrological Appraisal (RHA: 6 months, 5k$) integrates 3 types of knowledge

LocalEcologicalKnowledge

Public/PolicyEcologicalKnowledge

HydrologistEcologicalKnowledge

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Lesson 3

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Landscapemosaicresource

interactions

new components &

technologies

spontaneous

change

agreed

changes

performanceindicators

actors,stake-holders

Negotiationprocess

Plots (land use s.s.)

Matrix (filter)

Roads/streams (channel)

Negotiation Support System: tool + process

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Lesson 4

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Conclusions:1. NAMA between LAMA and GAMA2. LAMA: Mosaic of mosaics

3. Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary & Pro-poor: equally large challenges in all 4 aspects

• Administrative mosaic• Ethnic and social affinity mosaic• Watershed hierarchies• Patchwork of vegetation• Patchwork of land access/ forest class

rules