meeting global health challenges professor gu binglin 顾秉林 dean, institute for advanced study...
TRANSCRIPT
Meeting Global Health Challenges
Professor Gu Binglin 顾秉林Dean, Institute for Advanced Study
President Emeritus, Tsinghua University
Outline
Identifying Challenges
China and Global Health
Tsinghua University and Global Health
Implications for Research Universities
Call of Duty
Identifying Challenges
• Health Challenge
• Technical Challenge
• Leadership Challenge
• Health System Challenge
• Social & Cultural Challenge
Health Challenge
Impact of infections, under-nutrition, and reproductive health problems continues.
Rising burden of non-communicable and chronic diseases as well as population aging.
Impact of globalization, such as the effects of climate change and trade policies upon health.
Large disparities in health outcomes and in access to health care between rich and poor nations.
Technical Challenge
Grand Challenges in Global Health as an Example
Improve VaccinesControl Insect Vectors
Improve NutritionLimit Drug Resistance
Cure Infections
Measure Health StatusImprove Reproductive
Health
A commitment of $450 million by the Gates Foundation
David Hilbert 1862-1943
Grants Map, 2014
www.grandchallenges.org
Leadership Challenge
• WHO - governed by 194 member states - is charged with organizing responses to worldwide health challenges.
• Once the sole authority over issues of global health, WHO is now surrounded by many diverse actors.
Source: Murray, C., Anderson, B., Burstein, R., Leach-Kemon, K., Schneider, M., Tardif, A., & Zhang, R. (2011). Development Assistance for Health: Trends and Prospects. The Lancet, 378 , 8–10.
Health System Challenge
• A wide spectrum of health systems in the world.
• Each country’s health system has its particular history that shapes the ways in which the cost of health care is covered.
• In many developing countries, health systems should set up to deal with chronic diseases associated with lifestyles and aging.
• No consensus on the question of how our work on global health should be linked with individual nations’ health systems.
Social & Cultural Challenge
To improve people’s health, certain behaviors and lifestyles need be changed as well.
Global health challenges occur within a multifaceted and dynamic global context characterized by great diversity among societies in norms, values, and interests.
China’s Aging
Half a century ago:
China’s 500 million people were very young…
35% < 15 years old
4.4% > 65 years old
By 2010:
China has a population of 1.3 billion...
17% < 15 years old
13% > 60 years old
life expectancy
less than 40 years old 1949
76 years old2013
China and Global Health
• China played a major role in the promulgation of the Alma-Ata Declaration.
• China firmly supports setting up comprehensive systems to deliver primary health care and of integrating health into socioeconomic development goals.
• 20,000 Chinese doctors have been sent to Africa since 1963 . From 2006, its aid to Africa has been used to build 30 hospitals and malaria control centers.
• Through the Bricks Summit and the China-Africa Forum, multilateral health cooperation between China and developing countries increases dramatically.
“A general chart of the integrated world,” a copy made in 1763 of a Chinese seaman’s map dated 1418. ( 天下全舆总图)
China’s Health AID
Of 1,700 Chinese aid projects identified, more than 1/10 is health-related, comprised of medical staff, donations of medicine, and hospital construction.
In Africa, China has invested $75bn on aid and development projects in the past decade. The US committed $90bn during the same period, but China had started from a low base: Its aid to Africa, Latin America and South Asia combined in 2002 was less than $1bn.
China Can Play a Bigger Role
China has demonstrated that even a poor country can deliver basic health services.
China has transformed itself from a recipient of international health aid to a major provider of health aid to various nations.
China’s national immunization program has worked very well.
China can provide effective and low-cost medical technologies to countries in need.
Tsinghua University: History
Established as Tsinghua School
1911 1928
Developed as National Tsinghua University
1937
Moved to Kunming and emerged as Southwest Associate University
1946
Moved back Beijing and renamed as Tsinghua University
1952
Modified into the multi-disciplinary university of engineering
1978
Reconstructed into the comprehensive university
2000
Implemented to be leading research-oriented university
2011
100 Year Celebration
Tsinghua University: Students and Faculty
Students
Faculty Members and Staff Total 6,059
Professors 1,377
Associate Professors 2,108
Postdoctoral Researchers 1,353
Faculty Members
Full-time Students Total
37823
Undergraduate Students
10285
Master’s Students 12130Doctoral Students 15408
International Students
2661
Undergraduate Students
1428
Master’s Students 998Doctoral Students 235
Tsinghua University: Schools and Departments
Arts and DesignAerospaceArchitectureCivil EngineeringEconomics and ManagementEnvironmentFinanceHumanitiesInformation Science and TechnologiesJournalism and CommunicationLawLife ScienceMaterials Science and EngineeringMechanical EngineeringMedicinePublic Policy & ManagementSciencesSocial Sciences
Schools 19
Departments 55
Tsinghua University: International Partnership
OCEANIA 14
Australian 11
New Zealand 3
ASIA 61
India 2
Indonesia 1
Israel 4
Japan 27
Malaysia 4
Philippines 2
Saudi Arabia 2
Singapore 2
S. Korea 15
Thailand 2
AMERICA 59
United States 45
Canada 7
Mexico 1
EUROPE 94
Belgium 2
Czech 1
Denmark 4
Finland 1
France 25
Germany 9
Italy 2
Netherlands 3
Norway 1
Poland 1
Portugal 1
Russia 8
Slovak 1
Spain 2
Sweden 5
Switzerland 3
United Kingdom 19
AFRICA 1
Egypt 1
Over 200 universities in 33
countries
Tsinghua University and Global Health
• Research on HIV as a spearhead
•University center for interdisciplinary coordination
•Public health scholarships for Asia and Africa
•Scope of research from China to the world
A forum on SARS and HIV-AIDS organized by Tsinghua in 2003
Tsinghua Univ.’s Global Health Research and EducationTwo special programs:• A Developing Country Scholarship for Chinese students to engage in global studies leading to a doctoral degree
• An International Master’s of Public Health Program for foreign students to take global health courses at Tsinghua
Tsinghua University and South-South Health Cooperation
Ministerial Forum of China-Africa Health Development
August 16, 2013, Xinhua News Agency Photo
Implications for Research Universities
•Passion among faculty and students in global health
•Interdisciplinary cooperation in teaching and research
•Needs-based professional training to cultivate future leaders
•Partnership building between research universities
•Address the ‘brain drain’ problem for developing countries
•Support advocacy and innovative approaches to policy