القواعداألول للكتاب باللغة الشرح مع

اإلنكليزية

The Rules for Book 1With an explanation in the

English language

الله إلى الفقران كتبه وليم ابن طلحة سلمان أبو

مجاهد أم وWritten by Abu Salmaan Talha ibnu William

Translated by Umm Mujaahid

الرحيم الرحمان الله بسم

ماء9 ة9{ }األس; اإلشار@Demonstrative Pronouns

The demonstrative pronouns (for near):

هBذ?ه? : هBذان? :

هاتان? :هBؤFالء? :

The demonstrative pronouns (for far):

:Bك? ذل :Bلك? ت

2

This is (for masculine هذا : singular)

These are (for dual masculine)

These are (for dual feminine)

These are (for plural masculine or feminine)

This is (for feminine singular or plural irrational) ر?يبBلق? ل

for things which are near

Bع?يد للبfor things which

are far

That is (for masculine singular)

That is (for feminine singular or plural irrational)

?لقBر?يب . هBؤFالء?. هاتان?. هذان?. هذ?ه?.هذا . لBك? ?لكB.ذل ?كB. ت ?كB. ذان ?كB. تان Fولئ Bع?يد. أ . للب

The Fماء Tاألس Fة Bاإلشار ,demonstrative pronouns are similar to the English

‘that’ , ‘this’ and they are of two types; ر?يبBلق? ,for things which are close ل

and ع?يدB for things at a distance. Unlike in English, demonstrative pronouns للب

in Arabic have a different form for singular, dual, and plural, and they also

change to correspond to the gender of the noun. So if the noun is feminine

then the demonstrative pronoun is also feminine, however there are a few

exceptions to this rule, as indicated below.

:Bك? ذان :Bك? تان :Bك? Fولئ أ

?لة: Examplesأمث

:هذا

EهEهذ :

Eهذان:

Eهاتان:

3

Those are (for dual masculine)

Those are (for dual feminine)

Those are (for plural masculine or feminine)

?تابd هذا جFل هذا ك Bر ( د BفرFر مB عاق?لd-للمFذك FيرBغ ) ( د BفرFر? مB عاق?ل- للمFذك )

This is a man This is a book (for masculine singular-rational) (for masculine singular-irrational) EهEهذ dة Bارn ي Bه سEهذ? dأة BرTإم ( دللمFؤنث? BفرFم -FيرBعاق?لغ ) ( للمFؤنث?

د BفرFعاق?ل- م )

This is a woman This is a car (For feminine singular-rational) (For feminine singular-irrational)

Eلمان هذانBق Eمان? هذان? عBال ( Bر BنBى nللمFذك عاق?لr- مFث FيرBغ ) ( Bر BنBى nللمFذك - مFثrعاق?ل)

These are scholars These are pens(For masculine dual-rational) (For masculine dual-irrational)

Eتان? هاتان BرBقB ?مBتان?? هاتان. ب ل TسFم.( Bى Bن عاق?لr- للمFؤنث? مFث FيرBغ ) ( BنBى للمFؤنث? - مFث

dعاق?ل)

These are Muslims These are cows(For feminine dual-rational) (For feminine dual-irrational)

Eؤ9الء :ه@

:ذلEك@

: تEل;ك@

4

Eهؤ9الء BونFم? ل TسFهؤ9الء م? dل?مات TسFم ( BرجBمTع عاق?لd- للمFذك ) ( عاق?لd -للمFؤنث? جBمTع )

These are Muslims These are Muslims (For feminine plural-rational) (For masculine plural-rational)

. م?ثال: rيرعاق?لBغ? ?كB ل Bذل BجFوزF ك Bل?ماتd هؤFالء?وB ي . و هذا كقليل.

.is likewise allowed for irrational (nouns) but this is rare هؤFالء?For example:

Bل?ماتd هؤFالء? ك These words

BجTمd ذلEك@ Tد?سذلEك@ ن مFهBن( د BفرFر مB ) ( غBيرF عاق?لr-للمFذك د BفرFر? مB عاق?ل- للمFذك )

That is engineer That is a star(for masculine singular-rational) (for masculine singular-irrational)

BالجBةd تEلك@ ضBةd تEلك@ ث مFمBر�Eد)للم9ؤنث عاقEل( )للم9ؤنثEغ@ير9 - م9فر@

د عاقEل( -م9فر@

That is a nurse That is a fridge(For feminine singular-rational) (For feminine singular-

irrational)

? ?كB ل Bذل BجFوزF ك ?لكBوB ي ) ت dعاق?ل dعTمBز?يل }(جT nن Bما ف?ي الت ?لكB ك تFلFس �{ و هذاالر

.قليل

Bلك? is like wise allowed for plural rational like what is in the تrevelation, (those messengers) but this is rare.

:ذانEك@

:تانEك@

: أولئEك@

5

Bران? ذانEك@ حان? ذانEك@ دفTBت nالBف ( Bر BنBى nللمFذك عاق?لr- مFث FيرBغ ) ( Bر BنBى nللمFذك - مFث

rعاق?ل) Those are farmers Those are notebooks(For masculine dual-rational) (For masculine dual-irrational)

تان? B تانEك BرBطTك@ م?سEتان? تان Bس مFدBر�( Bى Bن عاق?لr- للمFؤنث? مFث FيرBغ ) ( BنBى للمFؤنث? - مFث

dعاق?ل)

Those are teachers Those are rulers(For feminine dual-rational) (For feminine dual-

irrational)

?مFونB أولئEك@ ل TسFك@ مEأولئ dل?مات TسFم

( BرجBمTع عاق?لd- للمFذك ) ( -للمFؤنث? جBمTع

dعاق?ل)

Those are Muslims Those are Muslims

(For feminine plural-rational) (For masculine plural- rational)

Bعالى: ?ه? ت Bما ف?ي قBول Tرعاق?لr ك ?غBي ?كB ل Bذال BجFوزF ك وB ي{ Bو BرBصB مTعB وB الب nالس nل� إنF ?كB الفFؤBادB ك TهF أولئ BانB عBن ك

� FوTال ئ TسBم}

Bك? Is likewise allowed for irrational (nouns) like what أولئis in the speech of The Most High: (translated meaning)

(Verily the hearing and the sight and the heart, of each of those you will be questioned)

Wم9ضاف{ @و Wم9ضاف }Eإل@يهPossessed and possessor

?لة: أمث

?تا ?تا دrحام? بFك بFك س??مFدBر�ال

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ Bيه? مFضاف مFضاف مFضاف إلBيه? مFضاف إل

Possessor Possessed Possessor Possessed

6

Examples

The teacher’s book

Haamid’s book

To show belonging in Arabic we use the possessive construction.

This consists of two parts. The possessed افBضFم , which appears

first and the possessor افBضFيه? مB إل , which follows straight after.

The اف Bض�Fم takes a damma, depending on its function in a

sentence and the Bيه? مFضBاف إل takes a kasra. It is important to note

that the can مFضBاف never take an alif or laam or a tanween

whereas the Bيه? مFضBاف إل can do so.

rأل?ف? r وB ب الم

?أل?فr وB الم : )With alif and laam( ب

Wن;ع9وت { و@ }م@ Wن@ع;ت Adjective and qualifying noun

م?ثال:

Tال Bي Tال تFب Bي. دFجBد?ي تTdب. دTdجBد?ي

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

dوتFعT BعTتdd مBن TعFوتd ن مBنdتTعB ن

Adjective qualifying noun Adjective qualifying noun

(Without alif and laam) (With alif and laam)

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Example

A new house The new house

?دFون الم و أل?ف ب

The adjective in Arabic follows the noun it qualifies, unlike in English

it comes after the noun. The adjective in Arabic is called the dتTعB نand the noun it qualifies is referred to as the dوتFعT the)مBن

qualifying noun). The BعTت follows ن the dوت Fع�T inمBن its gender (masculine and feminine), in its definite and indefiniteness, and like wise in its case.

ف9 ر; ناد@ى{ و@ الن_داءE }ح@ الم9The Vocative particleand the Addressed

رFياس? يامثال: ↑ ↑

Fف TرBداء? ح� المFنادى الن

وف9 ر9 { }ح9 ر_ الج@

The Genitive prepositions

8

The Vocative Particle

TheAddressed

To call upon someone in Arabic you use the vocative particle Fف TرBح �داء? which is , الن equivalent to the English oh. The noun that , يا

comes after it is called the ىBنادFالم (the addressed), and it takes a single damma regardless of gender.

. ب? .م?نT. عBلى . ف?ي .ل? .إلى

Arabic nouns have endings to show their function in a sentence. The

normal ending of a noun is F damma, and the case of it is called

فFوع TرBم (Nominative). However, when the noun is proceeded by any

of the Fوف FرFر� حBالج (genitive prepositions) it changes to a kasra and

its case is no longer وعFف TرBم (Nominative) instead it becomes

dور FرTجBم (Genitive).

Oh Yaasir!

¥d )

The Genitive prepositions are:

ل? : ف?ي :

عBلى : : Tم?ن

ب? : إلى :

Examples:

: مثال ل?

: م?ثال ف?ي

: م?ثال عBلى

Tمثال م?ن :

: مثال ب?

: مثال إلى

9

For (used for belonging)In

On

From

To

By/at

The watch is on the desk

Zaynab is from Japan.

Haamid went to the masjid

I am a student at the university

This book is for Muhammad

The teacher is in the class. Fر�سBدFيالمEف

TصBل?الف . FةBاع nعلىالس Tت ب?المBك . FبB Tن ي Bن@زEم ن?اليابا .

dحام?د BبBهBإلىذ ج? TسBد?الم

dأنا طال?ب? ة?الجام?عBب .

Fهذا الك?تاب? دrمFحBمnل .

} ور9 ص9 م9 الم@ق; }االEس;

مثال:

ف TشB ت TسFىالم

ىأمTر?يك

BوسFىم

n Bر?ي ك Bاز

?ي ألمان

مثال:

ف في TشB ت TسFر?يك ى. إلىالمTى.أم ى.مFوسBل

10

The hospital

America

Musa

Zakariyya

Germany

? م Tس? nرF آخ?رF اال BغBي Bت فBال يThe end case of the

noun does not change

A noun which is ismul maqsoor, has an ‘aa’ sound ending. The

ending vowels of these nouns remain constant, despite their

change in function. For example, if they are preceded by a

genitive preposition (Harful Jarr), which would cause them to

take a kasra, they remain unaffected.

ماء9} ول@ة األس; و;ص9 {الم@

The Relative pronouns are (for masculine):

.

11

The Relative pronouns

nذ?ي : Who/which (for singular masculine rational and الirrational) masculine)

?ي : nت Who/which (for singular feminine rational and plural masculine الand feminine irrational)

Who/which (for dual masculine rational and irrational): nذان ال

Who (for plural masculine rational only) : Bذ?ينn ال

nر ?لمFذBك لFor masculine

…for Musa …to America …in the hospital

nذ?ي nذان .ال nذ?ين . ال nر. ال ?لمFذBك . ل?ي nت nتان .ال ?ي . ال ?ي أو االn ئ ت nاال .

nث? ?لمFؤBن .ل

The Relative pronouns, Fماء Tة األسB المBوTصFول have the meaning of

‘which’, ‘who’, and differ in their form to correspond to the correct

gender. They also differ to correspond to the singular, dual and plural

noun. Note that the pronounت?يn is ال also used for plural irrational

nouns (ghayru ‘aaqilin). Objects, animals and concepts are classified as

irrational nouns whilst rational include; humans, angels and devils.

Exampleمثال:

nذ?ي : ال

nذ?ي : ال

12

?ي : ت nأو اال nي اال? ئ Who (for plural feminine rational only)

nتان? : Who/which (for dual feminine rational and irrational) ال

FلFج Bالذيالر dج?د? تاج?ر TسBالم Bم?ن Bج BرBخ . dرT ه?ي Bش

The man who left the masjid is a famous merchant.

For masculine singular rational

دd.عاقل) BرTفFم. dرn (مFذBك

Fر�س?الذيالك?تابBدFلم? Bب? ل Tت . عBلى المBكThe book, which is on the desk, belongs to the

teacher.

For masculine singular irrational

دd.غBيرF عاقل) BرTفFم. dرn (مFذBك

سان? ذBه�با إلى الفBصTل EالkذانالمFدBر�. Tدان? جBد?ي

The teachers who went to the classroom, are new.

For masculine dual rational

nى. عاقل) Bن . مFث dرn (مFذBك

nث? ?لمFؤBن لFor

feminine

nذان : ?ال

Tن :Bالذ?ي

13

?ي قBد?يمان?EالذانالقBلBمان? Bت Tب ف?ي حBق?ي The pens, which are in my bag, are old.

For masculine dual irrational

nى .غBيرF عاقل) Bن . مFث dرn (مFذBك

BونFد?سBهFين@ا المEلذ ? جFوا م?نB المBطTعBم BرBخ ?يا. ك TرF م?نT ت

The engineers who left the restaurant are from Turkey.

For masculine plural rational

( dعاق?ل.dعTمBج. dرn (مFذك

Fأة TرBيالمEتlة? ال Bس BرTدBإلى الم TتB ذBهBب .dة BرT مFد?ي

The woman who went to the school is a headmistress

For feminine singular rational

دd.عاق?ل( BرTفFم . dثn )مFؤBن

�ت?ي : ال

14

Fة BرBطTيالم?سEتlالrدnمBحFم? Bب? ل Tت . على المBكThe ruler, which is on the desk, belongs to

Muhammad.

For feminine singular irrational

TرF عاقل( دd.غBي BرTفFم . dثn )مFؤBن

FرFمFتيالحlح?ال ?لف?ال� . ف?ي الحBقTل? لThe donkeys, which are in the field, belong to the

farmer.

For masculine plural irrational

)dرn TرF عاقل. مFذك )جBمTعd. غBي

تان? Bارn ي nالسEتانlر?.الT ?لوBز?ي ج?د? ل TسBالم Bأمام The cars, which are in front of the masjid, belong to

the minister.

For feminine dual irrational

TرF عاق?ل( nى.غBي Bن . مFث dثn )مFؤBن

�تان : ?ال

?ي ت nاال :

?ي ئ : اال�

15

Bتان? ?ب ة? الkتانالطnال Bس BرTدBالم Bتا م?نBج BرBخ ?Bرى. Tت ?ل Tك م?نT إن

The students, who left from the school, are from England.

For feminine dual rational

nى.عاق?ل( Bن . مFث dثn )مFؤBن

Fل?مات TسFي المEت kق? االTو �TنB إلى الس ذBهBب?يا. مFدBر�ساتd م?نT ألمان

The Muslims who went to the market, are teachers from Germany.

For feminine plural rational

( ?dعاقل .dعTمBج . dثn (مFؤBن

Fل?مات TسFي المEئ lق? االTو �Tن إلى الس ذBهBب?يا. مFدBر�ساتd م?نT ألمان

The Muslims who went to the market, are teachers from Germany.

For feminine plural rational

) ?dعاقل .dعTمBج . dثn )مFؤBن

} Eي;فEع;رkالم9 الت {

The laam of definiteness

16

A noun that has tanween, the indefinite article, is referred to as

indefinite. The Tanween is the double vowel that you find at the end

of a noun (look at the first example below). Its equivalent in English

is ‘A’. In Arabic to make a noun definite we add on the alif and laam.

The laam here is called the Fف? المT nعTر?ي الت ,laam of definiteness.

: م?ثال Example

T هذا Bي Tال . هذاتdب Bي .تFب ↑

Fف? المT nعTر?ي الت

مائEر9} kلة9 الض Eص ن;ف@ { الم9The detached pronouns

17

This house This is a house

)The laam of definiteness(

BحTن . أنا TتB . ن Fما . أن Tت Fم . أن Tت Tت? .أن أنFما Tت Fنn .أن Tت . ه?ي . هFم . هFما . هFوB . أن

هFنn.هFما

Pronouns are of two main categories: Fر? TفBص?لةF الضnمائ المFن , the

detached pronouns and Bر مائ nالض�� FةB ل nص��? المFت ,the attached

pronouns. The pronouns in this category are detached pronouns.

Detached pronouns give the meaning ‘he’ ‘she’ ‘they’ etc and

even ‘it’. They are divided into 3 types: for first person, second

person, and third person, in each of these categories they differ

in form. Please note unlike in English, pronouns in Arabic have a

different form for dual and plural.

They are:

We :FنTحB I :B ن أنا

dم?ثال

You (plural) :مF Tت Fما: dual( You( أن Tت singular( You( أن

:BتT أن

dم?ثال

18

ن9 بdن@ح; طFال�We are students

nى) Bن (جBمTعd وB مFثFor plural or dual

student

?بdأنا . طالI am a student

(dد BرTفFم)For singular

?بان?أن;ت9ما . طالYou are students

nى) Bن (مFثFor masculine dual

Tبdأن;ت@ طالYou are a student

(dد BرTفFم)For masculine

singular

.أن;ت9م dب طFال� You are students

(dعTمBج) For masculine

plural

Tن ?ي ?لمFخاطBب For Second person :ل(masculine)

: For first person (masculine or feminine) Tن �م?ي Bل Bك ?لمFت ل

: For second person (feminine)باتBخاطFلم? ل

You (plural) :nنF Tت Fما: dual( You( أن Tت You (singular) أن

Tت?: أن

dم?ثال

They (plural) : مFه )dual( They : ماFه He

(singular): BوFه

dم?ثال

19

Bتان?أن;ت9ما ?ب طالYou are students

nى) Bن nث مFث (مFؤBنFor feminine dual

Eأن;تdةB ?ب طالYou are a student

(dد BرTفFث مn (مFؤBنFor feminine

singular

kأن;ت9نdبات? طال You are students

(dعTمBث جn (مFؤBن For feminine plural

For third person (masculine) :Bين? ?ب ?لغائ ل

?بان?ه9ما طالThey are students

nى) Bن (مFثFor masculine dual

و@ ?بdه9 طالHe is a student

( dد BرTفFم)For masculine

singular

بdه9م . طFال�

They are students

(dعTمBج) For masculine

plural

They (plural) : nنFه )dual( They : ماFه He

(singular): ه?ي

dم?ثال

مائ@ر} kل@ة الض Eصkت {9 الم9The attached pronouns

20

For third person (feminine):?بات? ?لغائ ل

Bتان? ه9ما ?ب طالyehTstneduts era

) nى Bن )مFث laud eninimef roF

Bةd هEي@ ?ب طال ehStneduts a si

) dد BرTفFم( eninimef roF

ralugnis

kه9ن dبات? طال yehT era

stneduts

) dعTمBج( larulp eninimef roF

BنT �م?ي Bل Bك ?لمFت ل

Fما .كB. ي .نا Fم.ك . ك?. كFما Fنn. ك ك

Fما. هFم. هFما. ها.هFه .nنFهAs mentioned earlier Pronouns are of two categories: The

Detached Pronouns and the Attached Pronouns. The category

mentioned here is that of Attached Pronouns. Similarly Attached

Pronouns are divided into 3 types: for first person, second person,

and third person and within these categories they differ in form.

The pronouns once again have a different form for dual and

plural.

dمثال :

dمثال :

21

Tن ?ي ?لمFخاطBب ل

?لمFخاطBبا لت?

¥Bنا

ي

F ?تاب ناكOur book

( dعTمBج. Fثn �رd و مFؤBن مFذBك�ى �ن (ومFث

Masculine and feminine plural and dual

? ?تاب يكMy book

(dد BرTفFم. Fثn �رd و مFؤBن (مFذBكMasculine and

feminine singular

Fم كا

Bك

F ?تاب Fماك كYour book

nى) �ن .مFث dثn nرd و مFؤBن (مFذ�كMasculine and feminine

dual

F ?تاب ككYour book

(dد BرTفFم . dر� (مFذBكMasculine singular

F ?تاب Fمك كYour book

(dعTمBج. dرn (مFذBكMasculine plural

Fم ك

dمثال :

: dمثال

22

Bين? ?ب ?لغائ ل

F كم

ك?

F ?تاب Fماك كYour book

nى) �ن .مFث dثn nرd و مFؤBن (مFذ�كFor masculine and

feminine dual

F ?تاب ك?كYour book

( nث. دd مFؤBن BرTفFم )For feminine

singular

F ?تاب Fنnك ك Your book

(dعTمBث. جn (مFؤBنFor feminine plural

F كnن

هFما

Fه

F ?تاب هFماكTheir book

nى) �ن .مFث dرn (مFذ�كFor masculine dual

?تاب FهFكHis book

(dد BرTفFم . dر� (مFذBكFor masculine

singular

F ?تاب هFمكTheir book

. (dعTمBج dرn (مFذBكFor masculine plural

هFم

dمثال :

ها { يEي;ز9 يkة و@ ت@م; Eهام تEف; } ك@م اإلس;The kam of interrogation

and its specification

: dم?ثالExample

TمB Bم ك �قBل ؟ ا BكBدT ن BمT ع? ة�BعBجBل كاجBة?؟ nرnلد? ل

23

?بات? ?لغائ ل

هFما ها

F ?تاب هFماكTheir book

nى) �ن .مFث dثn nرd و مFؤBن (مFذ�كFor masculine and

Feminine dual

F ??تاب هاكHer book

( nث. دd مFؤBن BرTفFم )For feminine

singular

F ?تاب هFنnك .Their book

(dعTمBث. جn (مFؤBنFor feminine plural

nنFه

How many wheels belong to the bike?

How many pens do you have?

Kam of interrogation comes before a noun and it is used for questioning. It

gives the meaning how much/many. The noun that comes after it is called

its tamyeez (specification) and it is always singular and takes the mansoob

case (Accusative case). Please look at the example below.

FزT ?ي BمTي Bم فBت � ك ?ما Fومd دBائ ت TخBم .dد BرTفFم rأل?ف? BانB إذا � الإ ب مF ك Tاالس � Fوما ت TخBتاء? م? FوطBة?. ب ب TرBالم

ع@ا ل9 األف;Verbs

{ التkأنEي;ثE } تاء9The taa’ of feminine form

24

The tamyeez (distinctive term) of kam is always singular. It is ended with an alif, except when the noun ends with the taa marboota (a closed taa)

The kam ofInterrogation

Bم كnة ?فTهام?ي ت Tإس

Its specification

ها FزT ?ي BمTي ت

Its specification

ها FزT ?ي BمTي ت

The kam ofInterrogation

Bم كnة ?فTهام?ي ت Tإس

Arabic verbs have a root, similar to English. Verbs are normally

made up of three letters knows as radicals. To make a verb

represent the past tense certain letters are added at the end of the

root (look at the examples below). The Fث? تاءT ?ي nأن الت is used to

conjugate a verb to make it past tense, singular feminine third

person. The FنTوF وBة? ن Tس� الن is used to conjugate a verb to make it

past tense, plural feminine third person. Finally, the الجBماعBة? BاوFو is used to conjugate a verb so that it represents past tense, plural

masculine third person. Please note these are just a few of the

conjugated verbs.

: Fمثال

BسBلBجTت FةB ?ب جB ف?ي الطnال BرBخ . األم� تTالفBصTل?Bم?ن . Tت? Bي الب

و@ةE } ن9و;ن9 { الن_س;The noon of women form

: Fمثال

Fساء� T الن ج?د?. المFم?ر�ضاتF إلى نBذBهBب TسBالم Tج BرBخBن Bفى. م?ن TشB ت TسFالم

ماع@ةE @او9} و { الج@The waw of group form

: Fمثال

Fجال F الر� ة?. الحFجnاجF إلى اوذBهBب Bس BرTالم�د FعBج Bاور Tم?ن .Bةn مBك

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The mother left the house

The student sat in the classroom

The (female – pl.) nurses left the

hospital

The women (pl.) went to the masjid

Example

ع;د9ود و@ } الع@د@د9 9{ الم@The number and the enumerated

)Tة م?نB Bالث ة إلى ث Bر BشBع (From 3 to 10

: dم?ثال

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The pilgrims (male –pl.) returned from

Mecca

The men (pl.) went to the school

3 Female students to 1

3 Male students

FالثB ?باتr ث طال ↑ ↑

FدBدBالع FودFدTعBالم

FةB ?الث بr ث طFال� . ↑ ↑

FدBدBالع FFودFدTعBالم

In Arabic, to construct a number two things are included; the FدBدBالع (the

number) and the FودFدTعBالم (the enumerated). The noun, which denotes the

thing numbered, is called 9ع;د9ود and the number is called the الم@ FدBدBالع. Unlike in English, Arabic numbers can be feminine or masculine. With regards

to the numbers 3 to 10, if the 9ع;د9ود is masculine العBدBدis feminine the F الم@

and if the FودFدTعBالم is masculine the FدBدBالع is feminine (opposites come together). Also the numbers from 3 to 10 follow the

mudaaf and mudaafun ilaihi construction.

� المBعTدFودF كانB إذا nرا FونF مFذBك Bك �. وB العBدBدF ي nثا كانB إذا مFؤBنFودFدTعBثا المn FونF مFؤBن Bك nرا. كما العBدBدF فBي ف?ي مFوBض�حd هFوB مFذBك

. Bين? الم?ثال

nر للمBعTدFود?¥? المFذBك

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When the enumerated is masculine then the number is feminine, and when the enumerated is feminine then the

number is masculine, like what is clear in the two examples (above).

The enumerated

(Feminine dثn مFؤBن- )

The enumerated

(Masculineرn ذBك Fم�-)

The number

The number

FةB Bالث ب ث BعBةrF. طFال� ب Tب أر ةrF. طFال� BسTمBخ rب طFال� Fةn ت بr س? طFال� . r

(٤)(٥) )٣(

Five students then the

Four students then the

Three students

(٨)

(٦)

)٧(

Six students

(١٠) )٩(

For the masculine enumerated

nث? للمBعTدFود?¥? المFؤBن

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Fة Bر BشBع rب TعBةF طFال� ب Bس rب BةF. طFال� ?ي Bمان بr ث طFال�FةBع Tس? بr ت طFال�

Eight students Seven students

Ten students Nine students

FالثBB ?باتr ث BعF طال ب Tأر rبات? ?باتr خBمTسF طال طال �?باتr س?ت طال r

(٤)(٥) )٣(

Five students then the

Four students then the

Three students

FشرBع rبات? TعF طال ب Bس rبات? Bماني طال ?باتr ث طالFع Tس? ?باتr ت طال

(٨)

(٦)

)٧(

Eight students Seven students

Six students

(١٠) )٩(

Ten students Nine students

For the feminine enumerated

ن9وع9 م; فE مEن@ } الم@ ر; kالص }The Diptotes

FوعF ف? م?نB المBمTن Tرnال الص �Fح?ب Tن. وB ي Bي يئ Bما شFه )Fو?ينT nن وB)الت)Fة BسرB ).الك

The Diptotes do not like two things, and they are nunation and the kasra

B Tن ي Bز : dم?ثالFب

سFالمBدار?

BدT Bن نFل

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B إلى Tن ي BزBب

ف?يسBالمدار?

Tم?ن BدT Bن نBل .

To Zaynab

In the schools

From London

The Diptotes are nouns that do not take a single kasra nor do they take

a Tanween (double vowel), which can be of: dammataand , fathataan �

and kasrataan r . So it is important to understand that if a diptote is in a

sentence where it is supposed to take a kasra, it does not do so, rather

it is substituted with a fatha. (Please look to the examples below)

FواعT BةF األن ?ي Fوع? م?نB اآلت : م?نB المBمTن ف? Tرnالص

١:

٢ :

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The following examples are from the diptotes:

A feminine proper noun designated for the masculine

nر?) ?لمFسBمnى المFذBك nثd ل Bمd مFؤBن (عBل

.Fة BزTمBأح .FةB سامBةF. مFعاو?يFةBحT .طBل

Talha Mu’aawiya Usaama

Feminine proper nouns

( Fثn BمF المFؤBن (العBل

.Fةn ةF. مBك Bش? . فاط?مBةF. عائ FبB Tن ي Bز FةnدFج.

Jeddah Mecca ‘Aaishah Faatima Zaynab

٣ :

٤:

٥:

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FسT TدBنF بار?ي Bن دF ل TرBوTإد FمB Tي و?لFفFسTوF ي

Yuusuf Paris London Edward William

Masculine nouns, ending with aalif and noon on the scale of fa’laan

( nر? BمF المFذBك Fونr عBلى العBل ?أل?فr وB ن ?مB ب ت Fخن? TزBع;الن9الو ف@ )

The foreign proper nouns

( dمB األعTجBم?ىالعBل )

Fوان TرBم . FيانTف Fس . FانnفBع . FمانT .عFث

Marwaan Sufyaan ‘Affaan ‘Uthmaan

The proper nouns on the scale of af’alu

( ن? TزBلى الوBع FمB أفTعBلFالعBل )

FرBوT أحTمBدF أن

Anwar Ahmad

٦:

٧:

٨:

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. أحTسBن FرB Tب . أك FرBفTأص . FرBمTأح .FدBو Tأس . FضB Tي أبFق Bر Tأز

better greater blue yellow red black white

Adjective and colour on the scale of af’alu

( ن? TزBعلى الو dنTوB أفTعBلFص?فBةd و ل )

FآلنBم FشانTطBع FععانTوBج FالنTسB .ك full thirsty hungary lazy

Adjective on the scale of fa’laan

( dةBن? ص?ف TزBلى الوBع;الن9ع ف@ )

Fاءn ?ياءF أصTد?قاءF أقTو?ياءF أط?ب أغTن doctors strongones truthful ones rich ones pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of af’ilaau

( ن? TزBالء9 على الوEع أف; )

٩:

١٠:

١١:

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FماءB مBالءF عFل Fز Fراء BزFو FراءBقFف scholars colleagues ministers poor

ones pl. pl. pl. pl.

On the scale of fu’alaau

ن? ( TزBع@الء9على الو )ف9

. Fب? . فBناد?قF. مBكات Fدار?سBم .Fساج?دBمFق? دBقائ

minutes doctors hotels schools mosques pl. pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of mafaa’ilu

ن?( TزBل9 على الو Eم@فاع(

�ي Bراس? TنF ك ي TحF فBناج? ?ي TلF مBفات مBناد?ي

chairs cups keys

handkerchiefs pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of mafaa’eelu

ن?( TزBي;ل9 على الو Eم@فاع(

nمB �ه? الحBمTدF وB ت ?ل ل

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