medicinal plants ppt

7/27/2019 Medicinal Plants Ppt

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Medicinal Plants


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Ancient archaeological records of

medicinal plants

3500 BCE - India had an extensive pharmacopoeia.Much of that knowledge is still used as part of theAyurveda medical system

2250 BCEEgypt and Babylon were trading

medicinal plants900 BCE - Archaeological records demonstrate the

use of medicinal and psychoactive plants in theNew World

330 BCE - One of the Theophrastuss students,Alexander the Great, sent medicinal plants fromAsia back to Greece for cultivation

2000 YA - The first written Chinese recordsalthough use is probably as ancient as Indias


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Use of Medicinal Plants

Use of medicinal plants developed from

informal experimentation and based on a

general familiarity with medicinal plants.This knowledge was amassed via

experimentation over many generations and

was handed down orally from person topersonoften woman to woman in

traditional cultures.


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History of Herbals

Dioscorides, in the 1st Century AD, was a Greekphysician who described the medicinal properties

of plants - he described the use of 500 species of

plants in his bookDe Materia Medica

The first herbal written in the Anglo-Saxon worldwas an 11th Century book known as the

Herbarium of Apuleius Platonicus

The first herbal to break from Dioscorides andprint descriptions of local flora, with accurate

drawings of the plants was by Leonhart Fuchs, his

extremely well illustrated herbalDe Historia

Stirpium was published in 1543


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English Herbals

The earliest printed English herbal was anonymous volume

from 1525 published by Richard Banckes

In 1526, Peter Treversi published an English translation of

a French herbal

In 1538, William Turner published an herbal entitled

Libelluls de re Herbaria Novus

In 1551, Henry F. Lyte published an English translation of

Rembert Dodoens herbal Stirpium Historiae Pemptades

Sex which was valued because of its all inclusive treatment

of many plants and excellent plates illustrating flowers


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Best English Herbals

In 1597, John Gerard published his outstandingbookThe Herball, Or Generall Historie of Plantes

- it is a huge volume of 1392 pages and 2200

woodcut illustrations of plants - it was widely used

by physicians and became widely quoted andreferenced - the book has remained in print for

400 years

The last major herbal published in English wasJohn Rays herbal, published in 1688 - it is also a

major taxonomic work and Ray was the first

person to divide the flowering plants into two

main groups - the dicots and monocots


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Urgent need to study medicinal plants

The utility of plants in current therapy

There has been a rush to develop synthetic

medicines based on plant medicines, but

often the synthetic medicines dont work

as well as the original plant medicines.

For examplequinine and malaria


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Properties of Quinine

Quinine itself is an odorless white powder with an

extremely bitter taste

It can be used to treat cardiac arrhythmias as wellas malaria - it is also used as a flavoring agent

Quinine prevents malaria by suppressing

reproduction of thePlasmodium protozoan and

also helps prevent some of the fevers and pain

associated with malaria


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Medicines from Plants

About 25% of the prescription drugs used in the

western world have active ingredients that are

derived from plantsoften the only way toacquire these drugs is through growing and

harvesting the plants because synthetic substitutes

are not as effective.

89 plant derived drugs that are currently used inwestern medicine as prescription medicines were

discovered by studying folk knowledge of the

plants properties


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Medicinal Plants in

the Amazonian Basin

3 million square miles in size, supports theworlds largest rainforest with an estimated80,000 species of plants, about 15% of the

worlds species The northwest section of the Colombian

Amazon is home to 70,000 Indians in 50

ethnic groups that speak many languagesfrom 12 linguistic families. They have beenrecorded to use medicines made fromalmost 1600 plants from 596 genera in 145

families

medicinal plants ppt

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