BY RAUL ALBERT DOLOR

MEDICATION IN MESOPOTAMIA

MESOPOTAMIAN CONCEPTS OF DISEASE AND HEALING

Spirits were blamed.•Each spirit or god was held responsible for only one disease.

TWO DISTINCT TYPES OF PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

Ashipu and Asu

ASHIPUAlso accounted as “sorcerer” or exorcist.Diagnose the ailment, this meant which god or demon was causing the illness.Attempt to cure the patient by means of charms and spells that were designed to drive out the spirit causing the disease.

ASUAlso accounted as “physician“Dealt with empirical applications of medication. For example, when treating wounds the asu generally relied on washing, bandaging, and making plasters (a mixture of medicinal ingredients applied to a wound and held on by a bandage)

• Medications were ground and filtered for ointments or plasters to spread on a piece of thin leather to apply.• Prescriptions specified enemas, laxatives, ointments,, pills, powders, and suppositories.

BY RAUL ALBERT DOLOR

MEDICATION IN LATINAMERICA

RURAL MEDICINE

Latin American rural medicine is based on folk healing developed from indigenous beliefs and behaviors specific to certain cultural groups and settings.

SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

While "scientific" medicine is based on the theory of natural causation, many religious and ethnic populations link magical or supernatural intervention to the cause of an illness. Ailments are grouped by:

-Natural causes-Mystical causes-Supernatural causes-Magical causes

NATURAL CAUSES

- Injuries, physical decline, stress and virus/germs resulting in physiological changes which are scientifically unchallenged. 

MYSTICAL CAUSES

Karma, destiny, taboo, soul lost or putatively mediated conditions as a response to violations.

SUPERNATURAL CAUSES

Gods, ancestors, spirits or ghosts who vengefully react to provocation.

MAGICAL CAUSES

Sorcery and witchcraft with the intent to harm the victim.

EXAMPLESNatural folk diseases such as "empacho," meaning intestinal distress; Mystical folk diseases such as "mal de oje," meaning evil eye, or "susto," defined as a lost soul; and Magical folk diseases of "mal puesto," or "embujo," defined as hexing and witchcraft. 

BY RAUL ALBERT DOLOR

MEDICATION IN ANCIENT ROME

• Maby years ago, the Romans invaded

Greece and paid little attention to their

medical treatment and Greek doctors such

as Hippocrates.

• Hippocrates was considered the father of

modern medicine.

SHORT HISTORY OF ROMAN MEDICINE

•He created to the concept of medicine in a

different field of science away from the

approach of philosophy and myth.

• The Romans relied on home-made medicines

that had been used in households for

generations.

HIPPOCRATES

HERBAL MEDICINES

Herbal medicine were one of the ways they tried to cure illnesses. (e.g. mustard seeds were good for the stomach aches and nettle tea for rheumatism.)

ROMAN MEDICAL TOOLS

• The Romans made

advance in surgery and

mainly because it fix

their practical needs.

• The Roman Empire was

based on conquering

land with their highly

effective army so getting

their injured soldier out

fighting was the goal.

SAW

A saw for cutting through bones.

SCALPEL

A scalpel for slicing open flesh.

PROBE Before operations, these were used to explore the wound.

CATHETERS

• Catheters were used to drain the bladder of patients who were having difficulty going to the loo!

ASCLEPIUS• Asclepius is the Greek

god of healing and

was the only the

Greek gods the

Romans prayed to.• His symbol is twin

snakes winding around a staff•

BY RAUL ALBERT DOLOR

MEDICATION AND DENTISTRY IN INDIA

ANCIENT SURGERIES

Ancient India saw great advancements in medical science. Some of these fields were dental surgery, and plastic surgery.

MEDICAL PRACTICES

•Around 800 B.C the first instances of surgery were recorded. It was considered as one of the eight branches of Ayurveda.

•Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine –is a system of Hindu traditional medicine and is a form of alternative medicine.

MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

• The main medical practitioners were Charaka and Shusruta.

CHARAKA 300 B.C.

- Father of Medicine.- His renowned work, the “Charak Samhita“, is considered as an encyclopedia of Ayurveda.

SHUSRUTA- Father of plastic surgery, - excelled in ophthalmology (removing cataracts) and restoration of mutilated nose or rhinoplasty.

CATARACT SURGERY

Cataract surgery: Cataract surgery was known to the Indian physician Sushruta (6th century BCE). In India, cataract surgery was performed with a special tool called the Jabamukhi Salaka, a curved needle used to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the field of vision, the eye would later be soaked with warm butter and then bandaged.

ANCIENT MEDICINE IN INDIA

AYUR-VEDA is the oldest existing medical system, having its heritage in ancient India. It is recognized by the World Health Organization and is still widely practiced.

HYGIENE

Hygiene is an Indian cultural value and a central practice of ayurvedic medicine. Hygienic living involves regular bathing, cleansing of teeth, skin the body with oil is also pre-care, and eye washing. Occasional anointing of scribed.

Over the following centuries, ayurvedic practitioners developed a number of medicinal preparations and surgical procedures for the treatment of various ailments

Hundreds of plant-based medicines are used in ayurvedic medicine—including cardamom and cinnamon

Sesame and sunflower oil are used in ayurvedic medicine. Both contain linoleate in triglyceride form and may have antineoplastic properties.

DENTISTRY

The first society to use dental bridges and appliances were the Etruscans, starting around 700 BC.

The image shows a similar dental bridge created by the Egyptians that uses gold wires to hold the teeth together