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that institution. He also took a leading part in the founda-tion of the Pathological Society of London in 1846, andwas elected its first president. In 1858 he was invited byMr. Jonathan Hutchinson to aid in founding the NewSydenham Society, and of this also he was the first to actas president. Later still, in 1867, he joined in the move-ment initiated by Dr. Headlam Greenhow to found theClinical Society, which has done and is doing such goodwork in scientific and practical medicine. His last office inconnexion with scientific societies was as president of theRoyal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1873-4, shortlybefore his retirement from practice. At this time, too, heireceived the appointment of Physician Extraordinary toHer Majesty.Reverting to his contributions to literature, a chief

place must unquestionably be given to his work on thePrinciples of Medicine, published in 1843. It had been tosome extent foreshadowed in his Gulstonian Lectures, butthe completed work was received with almost unanimouspraise on all sides. It was an ambitious attempt, and yetmost successful. It showed how thoroughly its authorhad conceived the rational principles that underlie medi-cine as a science, and was, indeed, a work in advanceof its tima. It may well be worth considering by theNew Sydenham Society whether this book should not berepublished by the Society, both as a worthy memento ofits first president and also on account of its intrinsicmerit. For, although general pathology has advancedconsiderably in the forty-five years that have elapsed sinceits publication, we believe it to be true that this work(now wellnigh forgotten) was a fruitful source of medicalthought and the inspiration of many a subsequent writer.We are not surprised that Dr. Williams should have dwelt-so lovingly upon this book, or drawn such prominent atten-tion to it in his "Mernoirs." It was natural, perhaps, thathe should feel somewhat that his share in the spread ofrational medicine had been overlooked. That is too oftenthe fate of the pioneer, and we do not hesitate to say thatthis was the position which should be assigned him in thissubject. His subsequent work on Consumption, in whichhe was assisted by his son, was naturally of different scopeand character, and, though valuable as the outcome of a’large and extensive experience, cannot be compared withthe thoughtful philosophical character of the work on

which his reputation will mainly rest.As a physician Dr. C. J. B. Williams enjoyed the con-

fidence of a very large circle of patients; and, although heneither desired nor encouraged it, yet, as may be expectedfrom his early reputation and writings, his practice laychiefly in the special department of diseases of the chest.He was a skilled auscultator, and his clinical observationsled him to take a far more hopeful view of prognosis inconsumption than was current when he entered on practice.He early recognised the value of cod-liver oil, and through-out his career as a consultant kept himself abreast of allthe advances of his time in therapeutics and pathology.He possessed considerable confidence in his own powers, and,having formed an opinion, was resolute in adhering to it.Hence, too, he took a keen delight in controversy, and hewas particularly strong in argument. His character isshown in the "Memoirs" of which we have so freely availedourselves. With a keen pursuit of science for its own sake,industrious beyond the common, he was much attached to hisfamily, and lived to see one of his sons take a prominent posi-tion in the world. Moreover, he was imbued with a deeplyreligious spirit, and in his declining years gained comfortand consolation in the study of the Bible and of the basesof Christian belief. It is seldom given to a man to live outhis life so completely as he did, to have reaped to the fullall that accrues from a busy professional career, and then todwell in peaceful retirement away from the scenes of hisactive years, until, at an age far beyond the allotted span,he has passed to " the rest that remaineth." He died from- an attack of pulmonary congestion supervening on a coldcontracted a week before. During his illness lie was

attended by Dr. Bright, to whose skill and devotedattendance during several years he was much indebted.

JAMES MACLAREN, F.R.C.8.E.MR. JAMES MACLAREN died at Larbert on March 25th

’from pleurisy, after an illness of only three days. Hehad not been in good health for several years. He wasborn at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in 1849, and was educated

at the Crieff Academy and Edinburgh High School, andafterwards at the University of Edinburgh. He took thelicence of the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1872,and the Fellowship in 1884. His first professional workafter qualification was done in the Hospital for SickChildren, Edinburgh. He was appointed one of theassistant physicians to the Royal Edinburgh Asylum atMorningside in 1873, joining the staff of that institution withDr. Clouston. He had a distinct taste and original capacityfor the study of mental disease, and an admirable mannerand tact in dealing with the afflicted in mind. While atMorningside he worked hard both in practical work and inreading the extensive literature of his department, and hewrote several clinical papers. Life among the medicalstaff at Morningside was full of enthusiasm at the time.Reconstruction on modern medical lines, new principles ofadministration, the application of less restrictive methodsto the daily life of the patients, clinical study and clinicalteaching-all were carried on. The true scientific treatmentof mental disease consists largely in an adaptation of thewhole of the conditions of their lives towards the cure andthe amelioration of the patients’ disordered mental functions.Mr. Maclaren threw himself into the problem with heartand soul.In 1876 Mr. Maclaren was appointed medical superin-

tendent of the District Asylum at Larbert, where he workedhard-often too hard for his strength. He was a successfulmedical administrator and physician. The whole institu-tion was more or less reconstructed and improved underhis advice, and a new block was built, which for cheer-fulness and efficiency for a certain class of patients is amodel building in Scotland. His annual reports werealways interesting, and contained several new features. Henever looked on his report as a merely formal document, tobe made as short and uninteresting as possible. He had amarked literary gift, and all he wrote was graceful andfinished in style. He was popular with his Board, and wastrusted by them. The opinion of his professional brethrenwas best shown in his election as first president of theStirling branch of the British Medical Association on itsformation this year.Mr. Maclaren contributed original articles on Chorea,

Impulsive Insanity, Epilepsy and Insanity, InfantileParalysis, General Paralysis, and other subjects. He hasleft a widow and two young daughters, and was thirty-nine years of age at his death.

Medical News.EXAMINING BOARD IN ENGLAND BY THE ROYAL

COLLEGES OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.—The followinggentlemen passed the Second Examination of the Board onthe 1st inst. in the subjects indicated :-Anatomy only.—W. Parkinson, J. H. Staniland, A. B. S. Stewart, andW. T. Wray, students of Yorkshire College, Leeds ; F. W. Pogsoti,of Leeds, and Mr. Cooke’s School of Anatomy; Herbert Boam,Ernest Bromhall, Philip H. Edwards, Arthur Emery, H. K. Hunter,Henry Lowe, H. P. Motteram, H. H. Tipping, and Edwin T.Walker, of Queen’s College, Birmingham ; Thomas R. Walker andT. St. Stephens, of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; C. C. Eardley-Wilmot, of St. Bartholomew’s and Durham ; Lancelot Kilroy, C. R.Billups, of Owens College, Manchester ; David Sims, of Sheffieldand St. Thomas’s Hospital; E. G. E. O’Leary, of Bristol MedicalSchool; D. C. Meyers, of Toronto, and A. V. Crossing, of St. Mary’sHospital.

Physiology only.—F. B. Gardiner, R. H. Heptinstall, and W. Thomas,of Yorkshire College, Leeds ; H. E. Tomlinson, of Leeds, and Mr.Cooke’s School of Anatomy and Physiology; Henry Collier, ofSheffield and Liverpool ; Charles Reginald Palmer, of University

College, Liverpool ; F. C. Bottom, of Sheffield Medical School ; W.H. Buckley, H. C. W. Clarke, Richard Clegg, Ralph Knowles, J. J.Mooney, and Harry Richardson, of Owens College, Manchester ;Ethelbert H. Clarke, E. B. Hartnell, Edwin H. C. Pauli, J. E.Ransford, J. M. M. Thomas, of Bristol Medical School; H. H.Rubra and F. B. G. Stableford, of Queen’s College, Birmingham ;and T. E. Smurthwaite, of St. Mary’s Hospital.

The following passed on the 2nd inst. :-Anatomy and Physiology.—W. C. Mayo, student of Yorkshire College,Leeds; W. N. Clemmey, William Crooke, C. D. Holmes, and J. S. K.Smith, of University College, Liverpool; S. Dudley Gill, W. C.Howle, G. P. Jerome, and John J. Quirke, of Queen’s College, Bir-mingham ; Herbert, Part, L. G. D. Jones, J. W. Naden, FrankNelson, and Stephen Nesfield, of Owens College, Manchester; AshbyTaylor, of Glasgow Royal Infirmary; T. M. Carter and J. H. Parsonsof Bristol Medical School; L. L. Hanham, of St. Bartholomew’sHospital; and H. B. Wilkinson, of Guy’s Hospital.

Anatomy only.-H. A. Beetham, E. Gore Firth, and J. G. Rowell, of, Yorkihire College, Leeds ; Tom Clegg and W. C. Wright, of Owens

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College, Manchester; H. A. Warke, of University College, Liverpooland W. E. F. Bird, of Edinburgh University.

Physiology only.-J. H. Sproat and J. T. West, of Queen’s CollegeBirmingham ; W. J. Bacque, of Bristol Medical School; Frederic]Spurr, of Sheffield Medical School ; and L. D. Heather, of hing’College Hospital.

The following passed on the 3rd inst. :-Anatomy and Physiology.—G. A. Barrow, S. M. Brown, Arthur DixonJ. M. Fenton, John Hague, E. T. Meagher, C. W. Milner, and J. HWilliamson, of Owens College, Manchester ; T. W. Beazeley, C. DMarson, and C. R. Lunn, of Queen’s College, Birmingham ; C. W. JBrasher, John Freeman, Vincent Moxey, A. W. Peake, P. H. MStar, and T. R. Wiglesworth, of Bristol Medical School; J. I.Barberi, R. H. Carlisle, and George Oldershaw, of UniversityCollege, Liverpool; J. A. C. Morrison, of Madras Medical CollegeC. A. Fuller, of St. Mary’s Hospital; and 0. S. Meerwald, of CeylorMedical College and Mr. Cooke’s School of Anatomy and Physiology.Physioloqy only.—Abraham A. Smith, of Yorkshire College, Leedsand Thomas H. Smith, of Bristol School of Medicine.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY: FACULTY OF MEDICINE.-The following gentlemen have recently passed the Inter-mediate Examination for M.B. and Ch.B. :-First Division.-J. H. Bailey, J. G. Clegg, R. W. Marsden, andW. B. Warrington, of Owens College.

Second Division.-A. Harris, University College ; R. W. Nesfield,Owens College.

At the Final Examination for M. B. and Ch. B. (Part 1) thefollowing satisfied the Examiners :-

J. F. Aspinwall, A. Ashton, G. A. Berry, J. Dunlop, J. H. Green, andW.J. Uowajth, Owens College; W. E. Livsey, University College;R. E. Lord, J. S. McGowan, and C. F. Marshall, Owens College;E. Molyneux, University College; A. J. Moss, Owens College;J. W. Shannon, University College; F. J. Webb, Owens College.

In Part 2 of the same examination the following were

approved :-First Division.—A. J. Moss and F. L. Wood, Owens College.Second Division.—G. F. Edwards, Owens College; J. W. Ellis, Univer-

sity College; H. Merrall, J. C. Thresh, and F. J. Webb, OwensCollege.

Distinguished in Obstetrics and Diseases of Wom.era.-G. F. Edwardsand A. J. Moss, Owens College.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND.-FELLOWSHIP EXAMINATION. — The following gentlemenhave been admitted Fellows of the College :-

M. A. Donnelly; F. J. W. Stoney, Surgeon, Medical Staff.

THE Jubilee Cottage Hospital at Epsom, it isdefinitely settled, will be opened by the Duchess of Teckon April 27th.

ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL.—The festival dinner willbe held at the Hotel Metropole on Saturday, May 25th,Mr. John Aird, M.P. for North Paddington, in the chair.ROYAL INSTITUTION.-At the meeting held this

week, Mr. John Langston, F.R.C.S., J.P., was elected amember of the Institution.FOOTBALL CASUALTY.-P. Mitten, while playing at

a football match last week at Blackrock, met with a dis-location of the right elbow.SUPERANNUATION.-The Preston County Justices

last week fixed the superannuation allowance of Dr. T. L.Rogers, of the Rainhill Asylum, at JE600 a year.THE SANITARY INSTITUTE.-The next congress and

exhibition of this Institute will be held in Worcester at theend of September next. Arrangements are in progress andwill be published shortly.BRITISH NURSES’ ASSOCIATION.-The meeting of

the General Council will be held on Friday, April 12th, at5 P.M., at 11, Chandos-street, W.—Agenda: (1) Reportsfrom Executive Committee; (2) Place and date of annualmeeting; (3) Details of the Charter.NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR THE PARALYSED AND

EPILEPTIC.—The Archbishop of Canterbury will preside ata festival dinner, in aid of the above hospital, at the HotelMetropole, on Thursday, May 23rd, and will be supportedby the Lord Chancellor and others.ARTISTIC WALL DECORATION, GUY’S HOSPITAL.-

The President and Council of the Royal Academy sometime since commissioned Mr. Herbert James Draper, anartist, who had gained the Royal Academy students’ prizeoffered for a design for the decoration of a public building,to carry out the successful drawing (a fanciful illustrationof Spring) in fresco, with life-size figures, and they selectedGuy’s Hospital for the experiment. This fresco paintinghas just been completed in the Nurses’ Refectory, andvisitors can view it on any day between 1.30 and 4.30 P.M.

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KENDRAY HOSPITAL, BARNSLEY.-The foundationstone of this Hospital was laid by the Mayor of Barnsley(Mr. Alderman Marsden) on the 26th ult. The hospital isthe gift of Mrs. Lambert-a native of Barnsley,-and isintended as a memorial of her late father, Mr. Kendray. It

, is given through the corporation, who have provided the site.MEDICAL MAGISTRATES.-On Thursday, 28th ult.,

, at the adjourned annual general session of the magistrates

. of the County Palatine of Lancaster, held at Preston,Dr. J. H. Hammond of Preston and Dr. P. Royle of Man-chester were elected members of the Standing Joint Com-mittee of eighteen magistrates and eighteen members to be

- elected by the County Council to carry into effect the Local. Government Act.,

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND:- MEDICAL SCHOOL.-The following prizes in Anatomy have

been awarded for the Session 1888-9 :-Senior DescriptiveAnatomy: Prize £3 3s., Miss Church and Miss Dickson.Senior Practical Anatomy: Prize j63 3s., Miss Dickson andMr. Frazer. Junior Descriptive Anatomy: Medals, Messrs.

. Carson and Oliver. Junior Practical Anatomy: Medals,Messrs. Carson and Cooper.

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CHELTENHAM GENERAL HOSPITAL. - The reportfor 1888 records a further increase in the usefulness and

; efficiency of the charity, and the financial position was; satisfactory. The medical report states that 752 patients; had been admitted during the year. Of these, 400 were, discharged cured, and 91 relieved ; 52 deaths had occurred.,

The out-patients numbered 3583, of whom 2316 were dis-charged cured, 822 relieved, 36 taken into the hospital, 7&supplied with trusses, and 284 remained under treatment.FIRE AT THE PECKHAM LUNATIC ASYLUM.—A fire

occurred at Dr. J. H. Paul’s lunatic asylum, CamberwellHouse, Peckham-road, on the morning of the 28th ult. Itoriginated in the middle room on the fourth floor, used as abedroom. The ceiling near the fireplace became ignited.The terrified inmates were with some difficulty removed.Several fire brigades quickly arrived, and were soon abwork, but much damage was done before the fire wassubdued.

ROYAL INFIRMARY, BRISTOL.—The 153rd report,.just issued, states that legacies had been received enablingthe committee this year to reduce the heavy debt to thetreasurer. The expenses during the year 1888 scarcelyexceed the usual annual expenditure of £12,000, althoughnearly £400 had been spent on alterations. The X3000Consols, which the committee was authorised to sell out forthe reflooring and refurnishing of the wards in 1887, hadnow been reinvested. The number of in-patients wasmore by 25 than in any preceding year, and the death-rate the lowest on record-only 4’41 per cent., against5’6 in 1887.LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL.-At the last meeting

of the Council the report of the Provisional Asylums Coni-mittee was agreed to. The report recommends the appoint-ment of two asylums committees, one for Cane-hill Asylumand one for Wandsworth Asylum, both to continue to actuntil the question as to what asylums are to be taken overby the London County Council is settled. The report alsorecommends that the present Provisional Asylums Com-mittee be appointed as a special committee, with power toconsider and report upon all questions affecting the takingover, provision, management, and maintenance of pauperlunatic asylums.

MEDICAL NOTES IN PARLIAMENT.

I Revolvers and Flogging.IN the House of Lords on Tuesday, the 2nd inst., Lord Milltowta,

moved the second reading of his Bill rendering liable to the lash personsmentioned in the housebreaking and burglary clauses of the Garotting.Act when such persons are found to be in the possession of firearms.The Bill also proposed to include accomplices to the commission of these-offences when found possessing firearms. Lord Herschell opposed and.,Lord Salisbury supported the Bill, which after a discussion was read asecond time by thirty-seven to nine votes.

The Lunacy Bill.On Thursday, the 4th, the report of amendments to the Lunacy Acts-

Amendment Bill was received, and, after a discussion, agreed to.

Horseflesh (Sale of Food) Bill.In the House of Commons, on Thursday, the 28th ult., this Bill was.

read a second time.