medical emergencies emt 100 heart attack – myocardial infarction
TRANSCRIPT
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Medical Emergencies
EMT 100
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Heart Attack – Myocardial Infarction
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Atherosclerosis – plaque buildup & thrombosis
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Signs & Symptoms Chest pain
Constant pressure May radiate
Signs of shock Denial Feeling of impending
doom
Angina Pectoris Signs & symptoms without
permanent damage to myocardium
“practice heart attack” Signs & symptoms usually
start to improve after a few minutes of rest
If in doubt, consider it a heart attack
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Treatment Have patient rest
Sitting position Loosen clothing around
neck
Pain meds ACTIVATE EMS!
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Stroke – Brain Attack
Atherosclerosis is again the major cause!
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Vessel(s) become occluded due to plaque buildup or thrombosis
Or, brittle vessels rupture
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Signs & Symptoms(like a head injury)
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Treatment If conscious and good
airway control: Rest in a sitting position Reassure Activate EMS
If unconscious or poor airway: Recovery position with
weak/paralyzed side down Reassure Activate EMS
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Diabetes – poor utilization/regulation of blood
sugar (glucose)
Problem is with insulin utilization and production
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Complications: high blood sugar(Diabetic Coma)
Too much carbohydrate intake or not enough insulin and/or other meds
Develops gradually May be how patient is
initially diagnosed
Maintain ABC’s and activate EMS
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Complications: low blood sugar(Insulin Shock)
Too much insulin/other meds or too little carbohydrate intake
Develops very rapidly Can be very damaging to
brain cells
If conscious, give sugarUnconscious-ABC’s and EMS
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Asthma – transient inflammation of the airways
Often triggered by allergy Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing Wheezing Coughing
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Treatment Have patient sit up and
rest Get patient’s meds If not responding, activate
EMS
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Hyperventilation – exhaling too much CO2
May be caused by physical or emotional stress
Patient complains of: Inability to catch breath Tightness in chest Tingly sensation in hands
and feet Lightheaded/dizzy May lose consciousness
Have patient slow breathing by coaching them
Medical direction may have them “rebreathe”
May need EMS
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Grand Mal Seizures (Tonic-Clonic)
Head injury Stroke Brain lesion Infection High temperature (febrile) Electrolyte imbalance Hypoglycemia Sleep deprivation Hypoxia Epileptogenic tissue (Epilepsy)
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Grand Mal Seizure Phases
TonicClonicPostictal - dazed and confused - incontinence - N & V
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Treatment during seizure
Tonic phase: Help down if possible Nothing else! Do not force anything in patient’s mouth!
Clonic phase If jerking not too severe, place patient on side Prevent injury – move objects or pad the area Never try to restrain the movements!
Postictal ABC’s Reassure EMS if clonic goes back to tonic
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Drug OD Maintain ABC’s Activate EMS Watch your back!
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Communicable (Infectious) Diseases
Diseases caused by microbes, ie bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungus,
etc
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Transmission: Direct Contact
Body fluids
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Transmission: Indirect Contact
People or objects who come in contact with microbe and then spread
it to others
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Transmission: Droplets (Airborne)
Coughs, Sneezes, etc
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Prevention and Protection Frequent handwashing Barriers
Gloves Mask Eyewear Gowns
Don’t reuse anything between patients without cleaning or replacing
Maintain your own health Rest Exercise Nutrition Immunizations!
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Let’s hit the lab!