medical competencies

7/28/2019 Medical Competencies

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General Medical

CompetenciesBlock I

Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Sriwijaya


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Introduction

Competence is a standardized requirement for an

individual to properly perform a specific job.

Competence is the state or quality of being

adequately or well qualified, having the ability toperform a specific role.

Competency is a combination of

knowledge,

skills and

behavior utilized to improve performance.


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Level of General Competence

Dreyfus and Dreyfus has introduced the levels of competencein competence development. The levels are: Novice: Rule based behavior, strongly limited and inflexible

Experienced Beginner: Incorporates aspects of the situation

Practitioner: Acting consciously from long term goals and plans Knowledgeable practitioner: Sees the situation as a whole and acts

from personal conviction

Expert: Has an intuitive understanding of the situation and zooms in onthe central aspects

Virtuoso: Has a higher degree of competence, advances the standardsand has an easy and creative way of doing things

Maestro: Changes the history in a field by inventing and introducingradical innovations


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Level of General Competence (contd)

The process of competence development is a lifelongseries of doing and reflecting.

It requires a special environment, where the rules are

necessary in order to introduce novices, but people ata more advanced level of competence willsystematically break the rules if the situationsrequires it.

This environment is synonymously described usingterms such as learning organization, knowledgecreation, self organizing and empowerment.


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General Competence

In a specific organization or communityyou need to have the ProfessionalCompetence of the profession.

The professional competencies are equalto the Occupational competencies.

For all organizations and communities

there is a set of primary tasks thatcompetent people have to contribute to allthe time.


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General Competence

The four general competences are: Meaning Competence: Identifying with the purpose of the

organization or community and acting from the preferredfuture in accordance with the values of the organization or

community. Relation Competence: Creating and nurturing connections

to the stakeholders of the primary tasks.

Learning Competence: Creating and looking for situationsthat make it possible to experiment with the set of solutions

that make it possible to solve the primary tasks and reflecton the experience.

Change Competence: Acting in new ways when it willpromote the purpose of the organization or community andmake the preferred future come to life.


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Four stages of competence

Relate to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing fromincompetence to competence in a skill:

1. Unconscious incompetence The individual neither understands or knows how to do something, nor

recognizes the deficit or has a desire to address it.

2.

Conscious incompetence Though the individual does not understand or know how to do something, he

or she does recognize the deficit, without yet addressing it.

3. Conscious competence The individual understands or knows how to do something. However,

demonstrating the skill or knowledge requires a great deal of consciousness orconcentration.

4. Unconscious competence The individual has had so much practice with a skill that it becomes "second

nature" and can be performed easily (often without concentrating too deeply).He or she can also teach it to others.


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Medical Profession Competencies

1. Medical Knowledge

2. Patient Care

3. Professionalism4. Interpersonal and Communication Skills

5. Medical Informatics

6. Population Health and Preventive Medicine7. Practice-Based and Systems-Based Medical

Care


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1. Medical Knowledge

Medical doctor must demonstrate as

measured by internal and national-based

examinations and skills assessments that they have

a firm grasp of the clinical sciences and the basicsciences that underpin medicine;

and as well the ability to apply that knowledge

appropriately in the clinical setting.


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1. Medical Knowledge (contd)

Medical doctor are expected to:

1. Demonstrate a working knowledge of the basic andclinical sciences

2. Demonstrate proficient clinical skills in the taking ofa patient history and in carrying out a physicalexamination

3. Demonstrate an analytic thinking approach to

clinical situations4. Demonstrate cultural competence in dealing with

patients and their families


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2. Patient Care

Medical doctor must be able to provide

supervised patient care that is compassionate,

appropriate, and effective for the treatment of

health problems and the promotion of health.


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2. Patient Care (contd)


Communicate effectively and demonstrate caring andrespectful behaviors when interacting with patients and theirfamilies

Gather essential and accurate information about theirpatients

Develop patient treatment and management plans

Counsel and educate patients and their families

Perform competently those medical procedures considered

essential for their education Provide health care services aimed at preventing health

problems or maintaining health

Work with health care professionals, including those fromother disciplines, to provide patient-focused care


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3. Professionalism

Medical doctor must demonstrate a

commitment to carrying out professional

responsibilities, adherence to ethical

principles, and sensitivity to a diverse patient

population.


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3. Professionalism (contd)


Demonstrate respect, compassion, and integrity; aresponsiveness to the needs of patients and society thatsupersedes self-interest; accountability to patients, society,and the profession; and a commitment to excellence and on-going professional development

Demonstrate a commitment to ethical principles pertainingto the provision of clinical care, confidentiality of patientinformation, and informed consent

Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to patientsculture, age, sexual orientation, gender, and disabilities

Dress in a manner consistent with that of a medicalprofessional


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4. Interpersonal and

Communication Skills

Medical doctor must demonstrate interpersonal

and communication skills that result in

effective information exchange and teaming

with patients, their patients families, and

professional associates.


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4. Interpersonal and

Communication Skills (contd)


Create a therapeutically and ethically soundinteraction with patients

Use effective verbal and non-verbal listening skillsto elicit appropriate information and communicateeffectively in writing

Work effectively with others as a member of a

health care team Effectively communicate with a patients family

and other health care professionals


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5. Medical Informatics

Medical doctor must be able to efficiently consult thescientific literature as a means of optimizing patientcare.

Medical doctor are expected to:1. Carry out computerized medical literature searches

as a means of leaning about patients diseases, andthe most sound and proven effective therapeutic

interventions grounded in evidence based medicine2. Determine what information is usable based on

various patient findings


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5. Medical Informatics (contd)


3. Convey their findings in a coherent manner to

their attending physicians and residents

4. Use information technology to manage

information and support their own education

5.

Stay current with the latest informationtechnology as it relates to medicine

6. Develop life-long learning skills


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6. Population Health and Preventive

Medicine

Medical doctor must be cognizant of the

association between the health of their patients

and that of the population at large and this

understanding must be grounded in a solidknowledge base and appreciation of the

principles of disease prevention.


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6. Population Health and Preventive

Medicine (contd)Medical doctor are expected to

1. Understand the importance of preventive medicine indisease avoidance and convey to their patients thecentral importance of prevention as a preference to

treatment of disease2. Extrapolate the disease findings of their patients with

disease prevalence locally and nationally

3. Understand the impact of complementary and

alternative medical practices on their patients4. Understand and importance of diet and exercise on

disease prevention and health maintenance and beable to take a nutrition history of their patients


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Practice-Based and Systems-Based

Medical Care Medical doctor must demonstrate an awareness of the larger

context and system of health care.


1. Obtain and use information about their own population of

patients and the larger population from which their patientsare drawn

2. Understand how patient care practices impact on the largersociety and how elements of the larger system may impact ontheir future practice

3.

Participate in the education of their patients regarding theirhealth care

4. Know how types of medical practice and delivery systemsdiffer from one another

5. Understand the importance of providing cost effective health

care that does not compromise quality


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medical competencies

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