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MEDIA/PUBLIC PERCEPTION

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MEDIA/PUBLIC PERCEPTION

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Association of Teachers and Lecturers (2016)

PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS

● 20%Said their pupils have attempted suicide

● 48% Said pupils in their school have self-harmed

● 43%Said students have suffered from eating disorders

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PREVALENCE

1 in 105-10 year olds had at least one mental disorder(12.2% male 6.6% female)

1 in 711-16 year olds had at least one mental disorder(14.3% male 14.4% female)

1 in 617-19 year olds had at least one mental disorder(10.3% male 23.9% female)(NHS Digital, 2018)

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ONSET, RISK & ACCESSING SUPPORT

50%Of all mental health problems established by age 14

75%of all mental health problems established by age 24

(Kessler et al, 2005)

● 46.8%17-19 year olds with a disorder reported self-harm or attempted suicide (higher in females: 52.7%)

● 24.1%5-19 year olds with a mental disorder had no professional or informal support

(NHS Digital, 2018)

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SELF HARM STATISTICS

% 30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Self-harm ever, without suicidal intent ever, by age and sexBase: all adults

16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Men Women

(McManus et al, 2016)

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SELF HARM STATISTICS

% 20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

02000 2007 2014

Self-harm ever, by sex among 16-24 year olds; 2000, 2007, 2014Base: adults aged 16-24 living in England

(McManus et al, 2016)

Males

Females

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MEDIA COVERAGE

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http://jennykyte.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/self-harm.jpg

MEDIA COVERAGE

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SOME EXPLANATIONS . . .Excessive Screen Time● Compulsive internet use associated with changes in brain structure

associated with impaired short-term memory and poorer decision-making abilities.(Yuan et al. 2011)

● Children face increased social problems, loneliness, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and heightened aggression as a result of spending excessive time on computers, watching TV and playing video games. (Public Health England, 2014)

Cyberbullying● Increased risk of self harm in individuals who are victims or

perpetrators of cyberbullying.(John et al., 2018)

Multifactorial● Increased awareness and diagnosis;● Pressure of academic achievement and increased testing in schools;● Increases in family breakdown;● Impact of 2008 recession;● Lower family income;● Student debt.

(Gunnell, Kidger and Elvidge, 2018)

9 COMMON CAUSES OF LOW MOODBullying

Falling behind with school work

Family problems and arguments

Loneliness

Traumatic events

Physical health problems

Family history of depression

Moving school or home

Friendship and relationship difficulties

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CONCERNS OF 10-17 YEAR OLDS

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CONCERNS OF 10-17 YEAR OLDS

STRESS VULNERABILITY BUCKET(Based on Brabban & Turkington, 2002)

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NOTICING SIGNS OF DISTRESSS t u d y i n g

T e m p e r a m e n t

R e a c t i o n s

E n e r g y

S o c i a l i t y

S e l f - h a r m /S u i c i d a l i t y

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Studying● Decline in attendance, performance or interest in study● Difficulties with concentration, memory and decision making● Uncaring attitude● Obsessiveness and over-conscientiousness● Perfectionism and procrastination

Temperament● Rapid or dramatic shifts in feelings or “mood swings”● Expressing excessive anxieties● Excessive tearfulness● Flatness of affect

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Reactions● Avoidance and withdrawal ● Changes in appearance/poor personal hygiene● Agitation, excitability of restlessness● Expression of strange thoughts or perceptions or grandiose plans● Uninhibited, disruptive or disturbing behaviour● Drinking or taking drugs

Energy● Excessively drawn or tired● Excitability or restlessness● Sleep changes● Weight changes

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Sociality● Avoidance and withdrawal from others● Excessive shyness● Argumentativeness/agitation/irritation● Fears of being alone● Socially disinhibited

Self-harm/Suicidality● Self harm*

*Those who have self-harmed have a 50-100 fold higher likelihood of dying by suicide in the 12-month period after an episode than people who do not self-harm (NICE, 2013)

● Hopelessness● No future plans● Suicidal statements ● Suicide attempts

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SUICIDAL IDEATION IN ENGLAND

% 40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Suicidal thoughts ever, by age and sexBase: all adults

16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Men Women

(Mc Manus et al, 2016)

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SUICIDE ATTEMPTS IN ENGLAND

% 14

12

10

8

6

4

2

016-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Suicide attempts ever, by age and sexBase: all adults

Men Women

(Mc Manus et al, 2016)

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DEATHS BY SUICIDE 20186,507 people died in the UK as a result of suicide

(Office for National Statistics – ONS, 2019)

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DEATHS BY ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT 20181,770 died in road traffic accidents in Great Britain

(Department for Transport, 2018)

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● £87m funding spent by Department for Transport for road safety measures over a 3-year period from 2012-2015(RAC Foundation, 2015)

● Local authorities have various statutory duties related to road safety:• The Road Traffic Act 1988• The Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984• The Traffic Management Act 2004• The Infrastructure Act 2015

● £25m pledged for suicide prevention and reduction by Department for Health and Social Care, Public Health England and NHS England over a 3-year period from 2018(Public Health England, 2018)

● Local authorities have no legal obligation to reduce suicide.

PREVENTION INITIATIVES

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SUICIDAL IDEATIONIt’s OK to. . . ASK!

AS K the question (and listen to the answer)

SE E K more information

KN O W where to find resources

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SUICIDAL IDEATIONAS K

• Are you thinking of ending your life?• Are you having thoughts of suicide?• Listen to what the answers, non-judgmentally

SE E K• Have you thought about methods? • Have you made any preparations? • Have you thought about when and where? • Plans for the future:

• Tomorrow?• Next week/month/year?

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SUICIDAL IDEATION

K N O W● Samaritans 1 1 6 1 2 3

24 hours, 365 days jo@samaritans.org

● Papyrus & HopeLine UK 0800 068 41 41Practical advice on suicide prevention www.papyrus.org.uk

● CALM 0800 58 58 58(Campaign Against Living Miserably) Resource for young men aged 15-35

● Designated Safeguarding Person

● Young Person’s GP/A&E department of nearest Hospital

● Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team

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A CONTINUUM OF RISK

(McDowell et al., 2011)

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C A L MFocus on your own breathing, posture and thinking; a calm manner will be more helpful to a young person in distress

A P P R O A C H Outline concerns, ask the young person how they feelTry and find somewhere private & quiet for them to talk

L I S T E NBe appropriately transparent; bracket judgementsEmpathise with young person’s perspective

M O T I V A T EEarly intervention is crucial to prevent more serious issues developing

E N A B L EAccess to appropriate professional support & self-help,e.g. GP, CAMHS, School Counsellor

R E M E M B E RRefer, Review, RecordBoundaries: role limitations & confidentiality

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CREATING A CLIMATE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL GROWTH(Rogers, 1957)

1. Congruence/appropriate transparencyThe willingness to be genuine and to transparently relate to others without hiding behind a professional or personal façade.

2. Unconditional positive regardAcceptance and prizing of the person for who they without conveying disapproving feelings.

3. EmpathyCommunication of the desire to understand and appreciate the other person’s perspective or frame of reference

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Social MediaFace to FaceSocialising

Study Time

RelationshipsFamily, Friends,

Community

Nutrition&

ExerciseMobile Phone

Creativity&

Play

Rest&

Sleep

WORK-LIFE BALANCE WHEEL

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 1

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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www.minded.org .uk

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Free Information and resourcesAs part of its work to improve young people’s mental health, CWMT

provides free resources for young people, parents, professionals and others interested in mental and emotional wellbeing.

www.cwmt.org.uk/resources

Want to be the first in line to receive our latest resources?

Sign up here:

www.cwmt.org/first

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Students Against Depressionwww.studentsagainstdepression.org

Our Students Against Depression website is full of

clinically based self-help information and activities for

students experiencing depression, anxiety and other common mental

health problems.

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Book Club

Once a term, members can opt in to receive a book and

associated resources with the aim of boosting understanding,

skills and confidence when working to promote or support the mental health of children

and young people.

www.cwmt.org.uk/bookclub

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Please consider donating to CWMT

Or visitwww.cwmt.org.uk/donate

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Fundraise for CWMTFundraising for CWMT not only brings in money to help us continue our work – it also raises awareness of depression and what people

can do to take care of their mental wellbeing.

-call: 01635 869754

or email: admin@cwmt.org

www.cwmt.org.uk /fundraise-for-us

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Follow CWMT on social media!

@CharlieWtrust

Charlie Waller Memorial Trust

@CharlieWallerUK

The Charlie Waller Memorial Trust

Twitter

Facebook

Instagram

LinkedIn

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REFERENCES● ATL (2016). An education system that empowers all. [Online]. Available from: http://www.atl.org.uk/policy-and-

campaigns/conference/2016/conference-2016-monday-pm.asp.

● Brabban, A. & Turkington, D. (2002). ‘The search for meaning: detecting congruence between life events, underlying schema and psychotic symptoms’, in Morrison, A. (ed) A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis. New York: Taylor and Francis.

● Claes, L., Luyckx, K. & Bijttebier, P. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: Prevalence and associations with identity formation above and beyond depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 41-42: 101-104.

● Department for Transport (2018). Reported road casualties in Great Britain: quarterly provisional estimates year ending June 2018. [Online]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/754685/quarterly-estimates-april-to-june-2018.pdf.

● Gunnell, D., Kidger, J. and Elvidge, H. (2018). Adolescent mental health in crisis. British Medical Journal (BMJ). doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2608.

● John, A., Glendenning, A.C., Marchant, A., et al. (2017). Self-Harm, Suicidal Behaviours, and Cyberbullying in Children and Young People: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2018;20(4):e129.

● Kessler R., Berglund P, Demler O., Jin R., Merikangas K. and Walters E. (2005). Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry. 62(6): 593-602.

● McManus, S., Gunnell, D., Cooper, C., Bebbington, P.E. et al. (2019). Prevalence of non-suicidal self-harm and service contact in England, 2000–14: repeated cross-sectional surveys of the general population. The Lancet. 6 (7):573-581.

● McManus S, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Brugha T. (eds.) (2016). Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital.

● NHS Digital (2018). Mental Health of Children and Young People in England, 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/mental-health-of-children-and-young-people-in-england/2017/2017.

● ONS (2019). Suicides in the UK: 2018 registrations. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/suicidesintheunitedkingdom/2018registrations.

● Public Health England (2018). New funding for suicide prevention in England. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-funding-for-suicide-prevention-in-england.

● RAC Foundation (2015). Road Safety Since 2010. [Online]. Available at: https://www.racfoundation.org/assets/rac_foundation/content/downloadables/Road_Safety_Since_2010_Amos_Davies_Fosdick_PACTS_RAC_Foundation_final_report_September_2015.pdf.

● Rogers, Carl R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology. 21 (2): 95–103.