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State University of Nuevo Leon, MexicoMechanical & Electrical Engineering School
SIMULATION OF THE SIMULATION OF THE ACOUSTIC WAVE ACOUSTIC WAVE
BEHAVIOR OF DUCTS BEHAVIOR OF DUCTS AND PLENUMS USINGAND PLENUMS USING
ANSYSANSYS
JOSE DE JESUS VILLALOBOS LUNAPEDRO LOPEZ CRUZCARLOS A. LARA OCHOAFERNANDO J. ELIZONDO G.
ACOUSTICS LABORATORYACOUSTICS LABORATORY
I. BACKGROUNDI. BACKGROUND
The ducts and plenum systems used in air The ducts and plenum systems used in air conditioned systems have been analyzed as a conditioned systems have been analyzed as a transfer function, output vs. input.transfer function, output vs. input.
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This concept is very useful for practical This concept is very useful for practical purposes, but, for didactic purposes, it purposes, but, for didactic purposes, it doesn't have the understanding of the doesn't have the understanding of the acoustical phenomena inside these systems.acoustical phenomena inside these systems.
I. BACKGROUNDI. BACKGROUND
II. OBJECTIVEII. OBJECTIVE
To present the necessary aspects to the FEM simulation of duct and plenum systems withANSYS.Discus the necessary parameters in order to obtain the accurate results. To show the propagation, reflection and absorption phenomena inside the systems.
III. SIMULATION OF THE ACOUSTIC III. SIMULATION OF THE ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR BY FEM USINGBEHAVIOR BY FEM USING ANSYSANSYS
Ducts
Plenums
Finite Element Software used: ANSYS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SIMULATION OF BOTH SYSTEMS:SIMULATION OF BOTH SYSTEMS:
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
A.A. PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING1.1. Analysis Type: Analysis Type: ANSYS ANSYS FLUIDFLUID2.2. Element TypeElement Type3.3. Real ConstantsReal Constants4.4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).5.5. FE ModelFE Model6.6. Define AttributesDefine Attributes7.7. FE FE DiscratitationsDiscratitations (Meshing the Model)(Meshing the Model)
B.B. SOLUTION SOLUTION 1.1. Analysis Type (Harmonic)Analysis Type (Harmonic)2.2. Solution OptionsSolution Options3.3. Boundary Conditions Applications Boundary Conditions Applications
(Loads, Constraints)(Loads, Constraints)4.4. Analysis Frequency RangeAnalysis Frequency Range5.5. SolutionSolution
C.C. POSTPOST--PROCESSINGPROCESSING1.1. Check Results and Visualizations.Check Results and Visualizations.
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
A.A. PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING1.1. Analysis Type: Analysis Type: ANSYS ANSYS FLUIDFLUID2.2. Element TypeElement Type3.3. Real ConstantsReal Constants4.4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).5.5. FE ModelFE Model6.6. Define AttributesDefine Attributes7.7. FE FE DiscratitationsDiscratitations (Meshing the Model)(Meshing the Model)
B.B. SOLUTION SOLUTION 1.1. Analysis Type (Harmonic)Analysis Type (Harmonic)2.2. Solution OptionsSolution Options3.3. Boundary Conditions Applications Boundary Conditions Applications
(Loads, Constraints)(Loads, Constraints)4.4. Analysis Frequency RangeAnalysis Frequency Range5.5. SolutionSolution
C.C. POSTPOST--PROCESSINGPROCESSING1.1. Check Results and Visualizations.Check Results and Visualizations.
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSINGIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µPaType 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µPa
3. REAL 3. REAL CONSTANTSCONSTANTS
4. MATERIAL 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
Type 1, FLUID30, Structure AbsentType 2, FLUID30, Structure Present
2. ELEMENT 2. ELEMENT TYPETYPE
ANSYS FLUID1. ANALYSIS 1. ANALYSIS TYPETYPE
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSINGIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µPaType 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µPa
3. REAL 3. REAL CONSTANTSCONSTANTS
MATERIAL NUMBER 1 (AIR)Density= 1.21 kg/m3
Sonic Velocity = 344 m/seg
4. MATERIAL 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
Type 1, FLUID30, Structure AbsentType 2, FLUID30, Structure Present
2. ELEMENT 2. ELEMENT TYPETYPE
ANSYS FLUID1. ANALYSIS 1. ANALYSIS TYPETYPE
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSINGIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µPaType 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µPa
3. REAL 3. REAL CONSTANTSCONSTANTS
MATERIAL NUMBER 1 (AIR)Density= 1.21 kg/m3
Sonic Velocity = 344 m/segMATERIAL NUMBER 2 (ACOUSTIC MATERIAL)Density=28 kg/m3
Absortion Coeficient = SPECIFIC MATERIAL PROPERTIESSonic Velocity = 344 m/seg
4. MATERIAL 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES
Type 1, FLUID30, Structure AbsentType 2, FLUID30, Structure Present
2. ELEMENT 2. ELEMENT TYPETYPE
ANSYS FLUID1. ANALYSIS 1. ANALYSIS TYPETYPE
Absorption Coefficient vs. Frequency for Acoustics Commercial Material(FONAC)
Acoustic Absorption Curve
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 y 2000 Hz 4000 y 8000 Hz
Frequency (Hz)
Acou
stic
Abs
orpt
ion
Coe
ficie
nt (s
abin
e/m
2)
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSINGIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
ANSYS TOOLSCREATE>VOLUMES>...
EXTERNAL MODELING SOFTWARESOLID WORKSMECHANICAL DESKTOPACADOTHERS.
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSINGIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL)Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
Volume = 1 (INTERIOR)Material Number : 1 (AIR)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES
Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL)Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
Volume = 1 (INTERIOR)Material Number : 1 (AIR)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES
7. MODEL MESHING7. MODEL MESHING
DUCT MESHINGMESH TOOL...
Using smart sizeUsing Mesh VolumesShape, Tet or HexMesher Free
Command “Meshing”
A MESHING EXAMPLE:
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
ANSYS TOOLSCREATE>VOLUMES>...
EXTERNAL MODELING SOFTWARESOLID WORKSMECHANICAL DESKTOPACADOTHERS.
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL)Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
Volume = 1 (INTERIOR)Material Number : 1 (AIR)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL)Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
Volume = 1 (INTERIOR)Material Number : 1 (AIR)Real Constant Set Number: 1Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
7. MODEL MESHING7. MODEL MESHING
DUCT MESHINGMESH TOOL...
Using smart sizeUsing Mesh VolumesShape, Tet or HexMesher Free
Command “Meshing”
A MESHING EXAMPLE:
IV. A.IV. A.-- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
A.A. PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING1.1. Analysis Type: Analysis Type: ANSYS ANSYS FLUIDFLUID2.2. Element TypeElement Type3.3. Real ConstantsReal Constants4.4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).5.5. FE ModelFE Model6.6. Define AttributesDefine Attributes7.7. FE FE DiscratitationsDiscratitations (Meshing the Model)(Meshing the Model)
B.B. SOLUTION SOLUTION 1.1. Analysis Type (Harmonic)Analysis Type (Harmonic)2.2. Solution OptionsSolution Options3.3. Boundary Conditions Applications Boundary Conditions Applications
(Loads, Constraints)(Loads, Constraints)4.4. Analysis Frequency RangeAnalysis Frequency Range5.5. SolutionSolution
C.C. POSTPOST--PROCESSINGPROCESSING1.1. Check Results and Visualizations.Check Results and Visualizations.
1. Analysis Type2. Solution Options3. Boundary Conditions
Applications (Loads)4. Analysis Time Range5. Solution
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
1. ANALYSIS TYPE: HARMONIC1. ANALYSIS TYPE: HARMONIC
2. SOLUTION OPTIONS: 2. SOLUTION OPTIONS: FromFrom 1 1 oror FastFast (More (More AccurateAccurate) ) toto 4 (4 (SpecificSpecific ProposalsProposals).).
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.
INLETINLETInteraction between fluid Interaction between fluid and structure.and structure.
Sound pressure =1 PaSound pressure =1 Pa
LOADS>APPLY>LOADS>APPLY>Fluid Structure Interface Fluid Structure Interface ((FSIFSI))
Pressure> On Nodes> Pressure> On Nodes> Value= 1 PaValue= 1 Pa
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
INLETINLETInteraction between fluid Interaction between fluid and structure.and structure.
Sound pressure =1 PaSound pressure =1 Pa
Pressure = 1 Pa
OUTLETOUTLETNo interaction between fluid and structure.
Sound pressure = No declared
Impedance = 0(simulating an infinite medium of propagation)
LOADS>APPLY>
Impedance = 0
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
OUTLETOUTLETNo interaction between fluid and structure.
Sound pressure = No declared
Impedance = 0(simulating an infinite medium of propagation)
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
Material Properties Sequence:Preprocessor>Material Properties>Isotropic Material Properties>Material Number>Write 2
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS.
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
AbsorptionAbsorption AcousticsAcoustics MaterialMaterial
Material Material NumberNumber 2 2 isisthethe ExternalExternal VolumeVolume
4. ANALYSIS FREQUENCY RANGE.4. ANALYSIS FREQUENCY RANGE.
Ducts and PlenumsDucts and PlenumsStandard Frequency Range in Octave Bands starting at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
The wave frequency is defined as a boundary condition in the application of an harmonic pressure.
For each interesting frequency it´s necessary to do an individual analysis and . . .
The Absorption Coeficient of the Acoustics Material is different at each frequency…
IV. B.IV. B.-- SOLUTIONSOLUTION
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
A.A. PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING1.1. Analysis Type: Analysis Type: ANSYS ANSYS FLUIDFLUID2.2. Element TypeElement Type3.3. Real ConstantsReal Constants4.4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material).5.5. FE ModelFE Model6.6. Define AttributesDefine Attributes7.7. FE FE DiscratitationsDiscratitations (Meshing the Model)(Meshing the Model)
B.B. SOLUTION SOLUTION 1.1. Analysis Type (Harmonic)Analysis Type (Harmonic)2.2. Solution OptionsSolution Options3.3. Boundary Conditions Applications Boundary Conditions Applications
(Loads, Constraints)(Loads, Constraints)4.4. Analysis Frequency RangeAnalysis Frequency Range5.5. SolutionSolution
C.C. POSTPOST--PROCESSINGPROCESSING1.1. Check Results and Visualizations.Check Results and Visualizations.
IV.C.1. CHECK RESULTS AND VISUALITATIONS FOR DUCTSDUCTS AND PLENUMS.
PROPAGATIONPRESSUREDIFFERENT FREQUENCY ANALYSISATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
IV. C.IV. C.-- POST POST -- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
PROPAGATIONPROPAGATION
PROPAGATIONPROPAGATION
PRESSUREPRESSURE
125 Hz
250 Hz
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
500 Hz
1000 Hz
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
2000 Hz
ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCYATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
Outlet atenuation at each characteristic frequencyAcoustic Absorption Material
0.22 0.17
4.34
6.79
9.04
11.97
1.41
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
63 Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz
Frequency (Hz)
Aten
uaci
on (
dB/ f
t )
IV.C.1. CHECK RESULTS AND VISUALITATIONS FOR DUCTS AND PLENUMSPLENUMS.
PROPAGATIONPRESSUREDIFFERENT FREQUENCY ANALYSISATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
IV. C.IV. C.-- POST POST -- PREPROCESSINGPREPROCESSING
IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCEIV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
PROPAGATION PROPAGATION
PROPAGATION PROPAGATION
125 Hz 500 Hz
PROPAGATION PROPAGATION
1000 Hz500 Hz
PROPAGATION PROPAGATION
2000 Hz
PROPAGATION PROPAGATION
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIESANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCYATTENUATION VS FREQUENCYATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
8.84
0.21 0.00
28.04
16.12
4.87
1.00
28.04
0.00
0.210.002.004.006.008.00
10.0012.0014.0016.0018.0020.0022.0024.0026.0028.0030.00
125 250 500 1000 2000
FREQUENCY Hz
dB a
t the
ple
num
oul
et Plenum Absorption Curve with Acoustic
Material
Plenum Absorption Curve without Acoustic
Material
V. FINAL COMMENTSV. FINAL COMMENTS
V. FINAL COMMENTSV. FINAL COMMENTS
With Simulations:
It´s easier to understand the behavior on acoustic waves into duct and plenum systems.
We can see the propagation of a wave.The frontwave going along the duct.The effect of the absorbing material by frequency.
The graphical results give us the chance to see the propagation, reflection, amplification and attenuation phenomenon into the plenum.
The graphical results help “Beginners” in the acoustical studies to understand in a integral way the phenomenon and propose modeling improves...
With the simulation of ducts and plenums is possible to prove designs with different geometries and materials looking for an economy.
When we are investigating, we begin to understand, but more interesting questions surges...
And our goal is try to respond that interesting questions improving the previous models...
Thank you!E-mails:[email protected]@[email protected]@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx