measuring the social dimension of development corridors
TRANSCRIPT
Measuring the Social Dimension of Development
Corridors: Creating Impact for Communities
Rachel Tate
Associate Lecturer /PhD Candidate
Department of Politics & International Relations
University of Leicester - United Kingdom
'Development Corridors: Emancipation for
Whom'
• Structure of Thesis
• Methodology for Data Evaluation in the MDC
IPE IIIPE ITraditional
Growth
Socio-
Economic
Indicators
Service
DeliveryElite Politics
South Africa Mozambique
Mpumalanga
Gaza Province
Maputo Province
Objectives for Today
• Assess the impact the MDC has on communities within its jurisdiction?
• Share some of my doctoral research results with you
• 1st Person to Carry out extensive and comparative research on both sided of the corridor and I hope you will find it interesting.
• Ask for your thoughts on overcoming our problems and the criticisms of academics.
Guiding Principles of the MDC• Rehabilitate the primary infrastructure network along the corridor, with the
participation of the private, notably road, rail, port and dredging, and border posts.
• Maximise investment in both the inherent potential of the corridor area and in the added opportunities which infrastructure rehabilitation will create, including the provision of access to global capital and facilitation of regional economic integration.
• Maximise social development, employment opportunities and increase the participations of historically disadvantaged communities.
• Ensure sustainability by developing policy strategies and framework that ensure a holistic, participatory and environmentally sustainable approach to development.
Growth as Development
Economic Growth
• In any most per capita measurements economic growth has been strong in South Africa and Mozambique
• Moz 1996 - 2013 - mean per capita GDP +6%pa.
• SA 1996 - 2013 - mean per capita GDP +3%pa.
• Post Liberation Both Nations pursued Orthodox Economic Strategies. This led to growth. Orthodoxy assumes that economic growth leads to social development via market equilibrium.
• In General Terms this has not translated into Equitable Growth or Social Upliftment either Nationally or within the MDC.
Gross Domestic Income
Growth as Development
Comparative Provincial Development in the
MDC - South Africa
V
v
V
v
Comparative Provincial Development in
Mozambique
•
Socio-Economic
Indicators
Life Expectancy at Birth by Nation
Trend has been
incremental in
Mozambique
SA reflects Mbekis
poor HIV/aids
policy
Accompanied by
increase in incidence
of TB
Increased Risk in MDC
Life Expectancy by Province in MDCProvinc Life Expectancy Men Life Expectancy Women
Maputo City 56 59
Maputo Province 54 56
Maputo Province Urban 51 57
Maputo Province Rural 47 54
Gaza Province 40 46
Gaza Province Urban 44 53
Gaza Province Rural 39 44
Mpumalanga Province 56 60
North West Province 56 58
Comparative
variance is
considerable
Residency in the MDC
impacts on Life
Expectancy
Comparative Impact
Negligible and more difficult
to ascertain in SDA
Educational Attainment in the MDC South
Africa / Mozambique
Mpumalanga benefits
from Anchor Projects
Mpumalanga has
exceptional
comparative
attainment
North West
Mpumalanga
South Africa
Employment Opportunities to Create Growth -
Your Challenge• Far better opportunities within the MDC, Similar levels of unemployment but far greater inward
migration into Mpumalanga
• Official Statistics for SA: 31.5% North West, Mpumalanga 31.6%, National 29.8
• Official Statistics for Moz: National 18.7% Provincially - Official unemployment is low. In Mozambique
this is likely to include any economic activity. This includes the Informal Economy.
• Economist Finn Tarp suggests harnessing the informal sector
• Castel-Branco - in some areas the informal economy accounts for as much as 80% of trade along the
corridor.
• MDC via MCLI facilitation could seek to promote more labour intensive employment projects.
• MCLI could facilitate economic linkages between stakeholders overlooked at beginning of project.
Standards of Living
Service Provision in the
Maputo Development Corridor.
Service Delivery - A Qualified Success• Provision of Basic Services is Far More Advanced in South Africa than in Mozambique.
• Mpumalanga and Maputo Province outstrip their comparative province in every measure
except sanitation services in SA.
• This included: Standard of Housing, Power Supply, Piped Water Supply, Flush Toilet,
Mobile Phone, Internet Access
• Business opportunities have diffused from the corridor into Gaza & Inhambane in
Mozambique.
• As a smaller % of overall picture in SA the advances are less straightforward to identify but
clearly employment and living standards are comparatively higher in Mpumalanga.
Our Challenges
Interim Practitioner Proposals1. Use MCLI to facilitate the reverse engineering of economic linkages to anchor projects
• The MDC was not strategic in planning economic linkages. Ie Waste products from
Mozal to farmers and small businesses (fertilizer or small scale aluminum production)
• Examine new possibilities between stakeholders.
2. Reward (Govt, NGOs and Donors) companies developing initiatives that produce volume
employment opportunities, rather than fancy projects.
3. Task your management body to extend links between Civil Society and other stakeholders
to provide bespoke solutions.
• strategic group planning facilitated by MCLI
4. Help support the development of the informal economy.
Academic Criticism - What is your response as
practitioners?
1. MDC only works because of its proximity to industrial SA.
2. The Area would have improved anyway after Apartheid and the end of Civil War
in Mozambique.
3. MDC transfers capital to the global economy, it does not produce development.
4. Ruling parties rule in their own interest.
5. Differential Development creates pockets of development that deprives other
areas.
Thank youShould you cite any of this presentation the correct reference is:
Rachel Tate, 'Development Corridors: Emancipation for Whom', DPhil Thesis, Department of Politics & IR, University
of Leicester, United Kingdom (2016)