measuring of carbon stocks
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Measuring and governing changes in forest carbon stocks in complex landscapes
Ole Mertz, I-REDD+ CoordinatorWith Thomas Sikor, Arne Jensen and many more
COP 18 Doha, 29th November 2012
I-REDD+Impacts of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation + enhancement of forest carbon stocks2011-2014
Funding by European Commission7th Framework Programme
Department of Geography & Geology
Organisation CountryUniversity of Copenhagen - Coordinator UCPH DenmarkLeibniz Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa IAMO GermanyHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin UBER GermanyUniversity of East Anglia UEA United KingdomThe University of Edinburgh UEDIN United KingdomInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD FranceUniversität Bern UBERN SwitzerlandKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences KIB PR ChinaCARES, Hanoi University of Agriculture CARES VietnamNational University of Laos NUOL Laos Yayasan WWF Indonesia WWF-IND IndonesiaCenter for International Forestry Research CIFOR InternationalWorld Agroforestry Centre ICRAF InternationalNordic Agency for Development and Ecology NORDECO Denmark
I-REDD+ project overview
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I-REDD+ objectives
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A specific focus on: • Degraded forests and complex landscapes
• Sub-national and local level
Study sites
• Vietnam: Nghe An Province, Con Cuong District
• China: Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Manlin Village, Xiangming Township
• Laos: Nam Et Phou Loeuy National Protected Area, Luang Prabang/Huaphan Provinces
• Indonesia: Kutai Barat Regency, East Kalimantan
Same methodologies applied in each country
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How dependent is successful REDD+ on community participation in monitoring?
• Can local communities accurately, cost-effectively and reliably measure carbon stocks in forests subject to degradation?
• To what extent does sound REDD+ governance rely on local participation?
• Can local participation in measuring carbon stocks be integrated in national (and sub-national) MRV?
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Accuracy of community measurement
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Measurement of woody biomass by:
Measurement of cut trees by:
Costs of measurement
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Reliability of community measurement
Department of Geography & Geology
Incentives to over-report carbon stocks if results are tied to payments?
Perhaps, but:• Professional foresters from government agencies could also
be prone to over-reporting if they know government funding depends on C-stocks
• Any type of measurement has to be subject to 3rd party verification
• Manipulation of large data sets can often be detected by analysing coherence in data
Monitoring and benefit distribution
?budget for technical agency?
Payments of local peoplefor C measurement?
Source: UN-REDD
Monitoring and governance
Monitoring is part of governance
Governance rights• management• enforcement• monitoring• ...
=> monitoring influences effectiveness and social justice of REDD+
I-REDD+ research on governance
Analysis of 10 existing benefit distribution mechanisms (BDM) in China, Vietnam, Laos and Indonesia:
Top-down state governance remains common:• local people may get limited use rights yet rarely
receive governance rights• in some cases, international NGOs share some
governance rights
Many of these BDMs are not considered effective and just by local people
Implementation of national REDD+ needs to learn from these experiences
Monitoring and safeguards
Participatory monitoring helps to integrate UNFCCC safeguards into core REDD+ design
•safeguard 3: “respect for the knowledge and rights to indigenous peoples and members of local communities”
•safeguard 4: “full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular indigenous peoples and local communities”
Key messages
• Remote sensing based C-stock measurement in complex mosaic landscapes and degraded forests remains difficult
• It needs to be complemented by ground truth and local measurement
• Participatory monitoring (PM) provides accurate and cost-effective estimates for such controls
• PM also contributes to more effective and socially just REDD+ governance
• PM should be integrated in national MRV as a complement to professional forest inventories
PM is an opportunity rather than an obstacle to successful REDD+
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Thank you
Read more on: www.i-redd.euContact: Ole Mertz, [email protected]
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