me 4875/mte 575 - c18 introduction to nanomaterials and
TRANSCRIPT
ME 4875/MTE 575 - C18
Introduction to
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Lecture 2 - Applications of Nanomaterials + Projects
1
Course Project
2
• In-class: teams of 4 students
• Online: individual
• If you are an online student who is on campus and
wants to do a group project, you still can – email me
• Project involves:
– Literature review of one application of nanotechnology
– Prepare a report (detailed)
– Prepare an ~8-minute presentation – in-class only
– Presentations will be on last three days of class
• Detailed templates and grading rubrics will be posted
on Canvas
Project Topic
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• Students who are doing a group project should rank
their preferences from the provided list of 15 topics –
due on Canvas by 11.59pm on Friday
• Prof and TA will then organize the students into groups
that have the same interest, trying to give every student
one of their top choices – groups will be announced on
Tuesday
• These 15 project topics are very broad – the group
must choose a more specific application of
nanomaterials within the broad topic
• Online students who are doing an individual project can
select any topic, and can consult with me
Project Content
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• How does the application work?
• Why is a nanomaterial needed?
• Which nanomaterial is/could be used?
• What are the unique size-dependent properties of
the nanomaterial?
• How is the nanomaterial made?
• How is the nanomaterial
imaged/measured/characterized?
Project Topics
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1. Solar Cells
2. Batteries
3. Structural Materials
4. Thermoelectrics
5. Computing (transistors)
6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)
7. Drug delivery
8. Biological Sensing
(In no particular order)
9. Chemical Sensing
10. Catalysis
11. Energetic Materials
12. Piezoelectrics
13. Robotics
14. Photonics
15. Coatings
• Team project students should EACH read and cite ≥ 5 highly relevant papers
• Individual project students should read and cite ≥ 5 highly relevant papers
• Literature Databases -
– WPI provides on-campus access to scientific papers from most journals
– Search scientific papers across a wide range of disciplines using
• Webofknowledge.com
• Google Scholar
• Different ways to search
– Title, topic, Boolean, exact phrases
• Different ways to filter
– Number of citations, date published, relevance
• Cite Literature, make sure not to plagiarize
– Names of authors, article title, journal name, issue, volume and page numbers, year
• Recommend using a bibliographic software such as Endnote to manage citations easily6
Literature Review
• Presentation template will be provided on Canvas
• Keep it simple, clear and well-organized
• More graphics, less text
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Presentation Guidelines
• Quantum dot solar cells
• Band gap tuning
• Multiple exciton generation
• Hot-carrier collection
• Efficient carrier collection
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 1 2 3 4
Sp
ectr
al
Irra
dia
nce
(W/m
2/n
m)
Photon Energy (eV)
CdSe quantum dots
Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2011, 40, 1512-1546
Solar Cells
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C. K. Chan and Y. Cui, Nature Nanotechnology 3, 31 (2008).
Li insertionFundamental battery parameters:
- Energy density
- Power density
- Cycle life and safety
- Cost
Batteries
10SCIENCE Vol 339, 2013
Structural Materials
DARPA
New material which exploits
super-elasticity of nanowires
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Thermoelectric generators depend on materials with high electrical conductivity
but low thermal conductivity.
The ratio of electrical and thermal conductivity of a material can be tuned by
shaping it as a nanowire, in which heat-carrying phonons are scattered off the
rough sidewalls
Hochbaum et al. Nature, 2007
4 nm10
μm
smooth nanowires
rough nanowires
Thermoelectrics
12
• Limitations of conventional silicon MOSFETs
• New devices: Single electron transistors,
tunneling junctions, nanocrystal, nanowire,
nanotube, atomic layer transistors.
Al
Top
Gate
HfO2
SiO2
S D
Conventional MOSFET
Nanocrystal transistor
Nanotube transistors
Computing (Transistors)
Atomic layer transistors
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IEEE Spectrum
Quantum-mechanical phenomena of electron tunneling and spin-
dependent electron tunneling are used to make high-performance
computer memories such as flash and MRAM.
These devices rely on the ability to make layered materials with highly
controlled nanoscale thicknesses.
Nature Physics 4, 17 - 18 (2008)
Computer Memory
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Drug Delivery
• micelles
• nanoparticles
• magnetic nanoparticles
Targeted drug delivery using:
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Biological Sensing
• nanoparticle contrast agents
• carbon nanotube fluorescent
sensors
• many others
Michael Strano, MIT
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0 2000
1400
800
1200
1000
Time (s)
Conduct
ance
(nS
)
5
4
3
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
5
8
76
4000
pH
Chemical Sensing
conductive coredepletion layer
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Catalysis
gold nanoparticles
nanostructured MoS2
nanostructuring increases surface area, but also
increases reactivity per unit surface area!
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Energetic Materials
Example: 2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + 3Cu + lots of heat
• directional propulsion
• nano-actuators
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Z.L. Wang and Song, Science 312 (2006)
Vs>0 (Vs )
Vs<0(Vs )
Vs=0
+
-
ZnO
Due to the ability of nanowires to undergo large elastic deformations, piezoelectric
materials in the form of nanowires could be used to convert mechanical energy to
electrical energy with higher efficiency than bulk materials.
Z. L. Wang, Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (3)
AC generator based on piezoelectric ZnO nanowires
Piezoelectrics
Robotics
20
Alex Zettl
2-stroke carbon nanotube motor
Bio-inspired flagellum motors
Photonics
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photonic crystals
plasmonics
metamaterials
(invisibility cloaks)
Coatings
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superhydrophobicity
super-adhesion
anti-reflection
Project Topics (again)
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1. Solar Cells
2. Batteries
3. Structural Materials
4. Thermoelectrics
5. Computing (transistors)
6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)
7. Drug delivery/Nanomedicine
8. Biological Sensing
(In no particular order)
9. Chemical Sensing
10. Catalysis
11. Energetic Materials
12. Piezoelectrics
13. Robotics
14. Photonics
15. Coatings
How to Rank Topics
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• Fill out your preferences using the form on Canvas
• Rank topics from 1-15, with your most preferred topic as # 1 (rate all)
• Be adventurous
• Preferences due by 11.59 pm on Friday