MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

GHANA'S PERFORMANCE, 2010

DR. I.F. MENSA-BONSU

TECHNICAL ADVISOR

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING COMMISSION

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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROGRESS TOWARDS ATTAINMENT OF MDGS IN GHANA

3. KEY CHALLENGES

4. WAY FORWARD

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INTRODUCTION Eight time-bound and quantifiable targets were adopted in

September 2000 after a UN Declaration by 189 countries.

The targets aim to halve the proportion of people living below the poverty line, improve access to education, promote gender equality, improve maternal and child health, ensure environmental sustainability and promote global partnership between developed and developing countries

This status report focuses primarily on progress to date and whether Ghana can achieve the MDG targets by 2015. The report mainly presents the current status of progress towards the MDGs, the supportive environment, challenges and the resource requirements. 3

GHANA’S PROGRESS4

GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

• Upper Poverty Incidence has been reduced from 51.7% in 1991/92 to 39.5% in 1998/99 and 28.5% in 2005/2006

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GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

•Number of people living in extreme poverty has also decreased from 36.5% to 18.2%

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GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

•The depth of poverty in Ghana has consistently but marginally declined since 1991

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GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

•The share of the poorest quintile in national consumption consistently declined at the national level from 6.8% to 5.6% between 1991/92 to 2005/06L

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GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

•From almost 34% in 1991/92, Extreme Working Poverty Rate has declined to 16.1%•An Indication of improvement in creating decency in the quality of work.

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GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

YEAR Gross

Enrolment Ratio

Net Enrolment Ratio Gender Parity Index

2007/08 95 83.7 0.96

2008/09 94.9 88.5 0.96

2009/2010 94.9 83.6 0.96

•GER remained unchanged at 94.9 in 2009 and 2010, against MDG target of 100

•NER dropped substantially by about 5 percentage points from the 2009 level 10

GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

YEAR PRIMARY JHS

2007/2008

2008/2009 88.7 75

2009/2010 87.1 66

Completion / Survival rate

•Overall the survival rate at the primary level declined marginally from 88.7% in 2008/09 to 87.1% in 2009/2010 slowing it from reaching the 100% target by 2015

•At the Junior High School (JHS) level, survival rate worsened drastically following a sharp decline from 75.0% in 2008/09 to 66% in 2009/10

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GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

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POSITION 2008 2009 2010Ministers na 21.0 18.9

Deputy Ministers na 20.0 20.0Chief Directors 24.0 24.0 24.0Chief Justice 100.0 100.0 100.0

Supreme Court Judges 29.0 29.0 29.0High Court Judges 25.0 na 25.0

Speaker & Deputy Speakers of Parliament

0.0 33.3 33.3

Members of Parliament 9.0 8.7 8.3District Assembly Appointee 28.0 7.3 na

District Assembly Elected 11.0 11.0 6.8

•The share of Female Ministers reduced from 21% in 2009 to 18.9% in 2010 while the share of Elected District Assembly Members also decline from 11% in 2009 to 6.8% in 2010.

•All other positions showed no progress

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Indicator 2003 2008 Target 2015Under-five mortality rate 111 80 39.88Infant mortality 64 50 21.5Proportion of under 1 year imunised against measles

68.8% 79.9% 83.0%

The UNICEF health statistics, however, shows a further decline of Under-five Mortality from 80 deaths per 1000 to 69 deaths per 1000 live births in 2009.

Infant mortality rate (IMR) has also declined to 50 per 1000 live births by 2008.

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GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Institutional maternal mortality ratio (IMMR), from 170 per 100,000 live births in 2009 to 164 per 100,000 live births in 2010

The 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey however reported maternal mortality ratio of 451 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

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GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

HIV prevalence in the country reduced from 1.9% in 2009 to 1.5% in 2010 and is projected to fall gradually to 1.3% in 2015

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GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

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GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Whereas the MDG target for the country is 53% by 2015, as of 2010, the national coverage for improved sanitation was only 13%

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GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Total ODA inflows into the country have been increasing steadily from 2003 up until 2010,

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GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

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Goals/Targets Indicator Baseline 2010 2015

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

a. Halve the proportion of people below the poverty line by 2015

-Proportion below extreme poverty (national basic food needs) line (%)

36.5(1991/92)

NA18.5

-Proportion in overall poverty (national basic food and non-food needs) line (%)

51.7(1991/92)

NA 25.9

b. Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

-Under five children who are malnourished (Underweight)

30%(1988)

NA15%

Goal 2: Achieve Universal primary education

Achieve universal access to primary education by 2015

Net Primary Enrolment ratio (%) 45.2%

(1991/92)83.6% 100%

Goal 3: Promote Gender equality and Empower Womena. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and junior secondary education by 2009

Ratio of females to males in primary schools (%)

0.92(2001/02)

0.96 1.0

Ratio of females to males in senior secondary school

0.62(1990)

NA 1.0

b. Achieve equal access for boys and girls to senior secondary by 2009 Percentage of female

enrolment in SSS (%) Na 44.7% 1.0

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Goal 4: Under-five MortalityReduce under-five mortality by two-thirds by 2015

Under-five mortality Rate(per 1000 live births)

119 (1993)

NA53

Goal 5: Maternal MortalityReduce maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters by 2015

- Maternal mortality ratio (Institutional)(per 100,000 live births)

216(1990)

164 54

- Maternal mortality ratio (survey)

(per 100,000 live births)

740(1990)

NA 185

Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS & Malaria

a. Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015

b. Halt and reverse the incidence of malaria

HIV prevalence Rate among pregnant womenUnder Five Malaria case fatality (Institutional)

1.5%(1999)3.7%

(2002)

1.5%NA

<1.5%-21

SUMMARY ON PERFORMANCE

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Ghana is likely to achieve MDG 1 (poverty) but 2 out of 3 malnutrition indicators will be achieved

MDG 2 : On Track

MDG 3: Gender Parity (on track but GPI stagnated since 2006/7)

MDG 4 & 5: 2015 target is unlikely to be met

MDG 6: On Track

MDG 7: Access to water (on track) but environment degradation, housing, etc remains a challenge

MDG 8: Aid inflows have increased in norminal

KEY CHALLENGES

A major concern for Ghana now is how to sustain the progress the country has made so far while addressing the challenges/ emerging issues including disparities among geographical areas and socio-economic groups.

Availability of up-to-date and accurate data.

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WAY FORWARD

The NDPC will continue to:

• Support the formulation of appropriate policies geared towards accelerating the achievement of the MDGs as well as sustaining the gains attained beyond 2015.

• Facilitate inter-sectoral collaboration to bring together all agencies who are implementing pro-poor programmes as a means for harmonizing their interventions to increase coverage and enhance impact.

• Assist and strengthen MDAs and MMDAs to monitor interventions at national as well as grass-roots levels to assess the impact of targeted interventions at achieving the MDGs.

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