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Microbiology
Faculty of medicine- Benghazi University
Course Specifications
Program on which the course is given: M.B.Ch.B, third year, 2016-2017.
Major or Minor element of programs: Single major program
Department offering the programs: Interdisciplinary
Department offering the course: microbiology
Academic year / level: third year
Date of Specification approval: …………………
A. Basic Information
Title: Microbiology and immunology
Code: ……….
Course language: English
Lectures: 4 hrs./week
Practical:
tutorial :
8 hrs./week
8 hrs./week
Total: 20hrs/week
Credit Hours: 93 hours
B. Professional Information
Overall Aims of Course:
1. To educate students about the basic features of general
bacteriology, virology and mycology.
2. To familiarize students with the common infections and diseases of
medical importance, their microbial causes, as well as laboratory
diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of such diseases.
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3. To provide the candidate with basic knowledge about the
morphology, culture, antigenic structure and virulence factors of
microorganisms of medical importance and the diseases they
produce.
4. To provide students with an understanding of the immune system,
its protective functions and its role in the patho-physiology of
infectious and non- infectious diseases.
5. To define the following terms: antimicrobial agent, antibiotic,
chemotherapeutic agent and to describe the mechanisms of
action of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent with the origin
and the different mechanisms of drug resistance
6. To enable the students to practice the principles of sterilization and
infection control.
Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs):
A. Knowledge and Understanding:
the end of the course, students should be able to:
1. Illustrate general bacterial morphology, physiology and genetics.
2. Illustrate the nature of Viruses, bacteria and fungi and basic criteria used in
the Classification .
3. Recognize the host parasite relationship and microbial pathogenesis.
4. Explain the physiology of the immune system, its beneficial role, as well as its
detrimental role in immunopathology (hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and
transplant rejection).
5. Recognize the most important infectious clinical conditions and outline the
diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the most likely organisms
causing such diseases.
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6. Describe the classification, morphology, culture character, antigenic
structure and virulence factors of microorganisms of medical importance.
7. Describe the most important methods of decontamination and principles of
infection control.
8. Describe the basics of antimicrobial uses and resistance.
9. Understand the impact of molecular technology in microbiology and
immunology.
10. Identify cellular and molecular components of natural and adaptive
immune response.
11. Explain cellular cooperation and effector mechanisms of humoral and
cellular immune response.
12. Explain main mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity against
bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.
13. Recognize principles of immunoprophylaxis and recent advances in vaccine
development and principles of pre and post exposure prophylaxis.
14. Explain different ways by which the immune system responds against tumor
antigens and how tumors can evade the host’s immune response and tumor
immunotherapy
B. Intellectual Skills:
The students should be able to:
1. Interpret results of microbiological, serological and molecular tests.
2. Formulate a systematic approach for laboratory diagnosis of common
infectious clinical conditions and select the most appropriate tool to the
identification of the causative organism.
3. Evaluate according to evidence the causal relationship of microbes and
diseases.
4. Categorize a microorganism as a bacterium, virus or fungus according
to standard taxonomy.
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5. Integrate clinical, laboratory and epidemiological information and to
use this to differentiate between different infectious agents and their
diseases.
6. Correlate the immunological alterations of common immunological
disorders with clinical data and therapy.
C. Professional and Practical Skills
The students should be able to:
1. Elicit medically important bacteria based on microscopic examination
of stained preparations.
2. Perform a Gram stain and a Ziehl-Neelsen stain and identify, according
to morphology and characteristics, stained preparations.
3. Elicit culture media, biochemical tests and serological tests commonly
used for bacterial identification and distinguish positive and negative
results.
4. Perform hand wash and identify different methods of physical and
chemical methods of sterilization.
5. Identify instruments and precautions followed for collection of different
specimens.
6. Apply safety measures and precautions in medical laboratories
D. General and Transferable Skills
The students should be able to:
1. Interact and communicate effectively with other health care
professionals during infection control practice.
2. Respect superiors, colleagues and any other members of the health
profession.
3. Gather, organize and appraise information including the use of
information technology where applicable.
4. Present the medical information in written, oral and electronic forms.
5. Communicate ideas and arguments effectively.
6. Be prepared for the lifelong learning needs of the medical profession.
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7. Course Contents:
Theoretical Part : ( 4 Hours per week : 93 Lectures )
A. INTRODUCTORY TOPICS ( 9 HOURS ):
HISTORY AND SCOPE OF STUDY ; MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
STRUCTURE AND GROWTH
CLASSIFICATION AND TAXONOMY
BACTERIAL GENETICS
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
B. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY AND INFECTIONS ( 33 HOURS ) :
ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
PATHOGENICITY OF BACTERIA
GRAM POSITIVE PYOGENIC COCCI : STAPHYLOCOCCI, STREPTOCOCCI,
ENTEROCOCC.
GRAM NEGATIVE PYOGENIC COCCI : NEISSERIAE, MORAXELLA
AEROBIC GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI : CORYNEBACTERIA, BACILLUS SPECIES,
LISTERIA
ANAEROBIC GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI : CLOSTRIDIUM SPP., LACTOBACILLI ,
NOCARDIA ACTINOMYCES
MYCOBACTERIUM SPP.
ENTERIC GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI : ENTROBACTERIACEAE : COMMENSALS
AND OPPORTUNISTS ( E. COLI, PROTEUS , KLEBSIELLA…ETC. )
ENTERIC PATHOGENS : SALMONELLA , SHIGELLAE, VIBRIO, CAMPYLOBAC
,HELICOBACTER
PARVOBACTERIA HAEMOPHILUS, BORDETELLAE AND LEGIONELLAE
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BRUCELLAE AND YERSINIA , PASTEURELLA , TULAREMIA
SPIROCHETES : TREPONEMA, BORRELIA AND LEPTOSPIRAE
MYCOPLASMAE, RICKETTSIAE AND CHLAMYDIAE
C. IMMUNOLOGY ( 17 HOURS ) :
BASIC IMMUNOLOGY :
NATURAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
ANTIGENS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AND HLA
SYSTEM
ORGANS AND CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
CYTOKINES , CHEMOKINES ADHESION MOLECULES
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VIVO
IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
VACCINES AND IMMUNIZATION
ANTIGEN- ANTIBODY REACTIONS
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY :
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
IMMUNITY TO INFECTIONS
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES
TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNO-HEMATOLOGY
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D. MEDICAL VIROLOGY ( 20 HOURS ) :
GENERAL VIROLOGY
STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
REPLICATION OF DNA AND RNA VIRUSES ( +
BACTERIOPHAGES )
CULTIVATION AND DETECTION OF VIRAL GROWTH
VIRAL GENETICS
PATHOGENESIS AND HOST RESPONSE TO VIRAL
INFECTION
ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY AND VACCINES
VIRAL ONCOGENESIS
MEDICAL VIROLOGY
DNA VIRUSES : HERPES, POX, HEPADNA, ADENO, PARVO ,
PAPILLOMA AND POLYOMA
RNA VIRUSES : PICORNA, ORTHOMYXO, PARAMYXO, FLAVI,
TOGA, CALICI, CORONA, ASTRO, RHABDO, REO, FILO,
ARENA, BUNYA AND RETRO
UNCLASSIFIED, VIRIODS AND PRION AGENTS
E. MEDICAL MYCOLOGY ( 7 HOURS ) :
INTRODUCTION TO FUNGI ; GENERAL CONCEPTS ;
REPRODUCTION ; GROWTH
PATHOGENICITY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY .
ANTIFUNGAL CHEMOTHERAPY
IMPORTANT MYCOTIC INFECTIONS OF MAN ( SUPERFICIAL,
CUTANEOUS,
SUBCUTANEOUS, PRIMARY SYSTEMIC, OPPORTUNISTIC,
ALLERGIC AND TOXIC MYCOSES ).
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F. SPECIAL TOPICS IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY ( 7 HOURS ) :
NORMAL FLORA
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICALLY
IMPORTANT BACTERIA
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED ( NOSOCOMIAL ) INFECTIONS
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED ( VENEREAL ) DISEASES
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
CNS DISEASES
INFECTIONS IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
Practical Part: ( Total 20 Sessions ):
1- Safety roles and Basic laboratory requirements 2- Microscopy and Staining 3- Sterilization and Culture Techniques and media 4- Antibiotic sensitivity test 5- Serological reactions 6- Molecular diagnostic Microbiology 7- Diagnosis of Pyogenic cocci (Staphylococci, Streptococci, Neisseria) 8- Diagnosis of the enteric pathogens 9- Diagnosis of viral infections 10- Diagnosis of mycotic infections 11- Automation in diagnosis of microbial infections 12- Revision of diagnostic algorithms
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8. Matrix of achievement of course ILOs in course contents:
Knowledge and
Understanding
Intellectual Skills
Professional and
Practical Skills
General and Transferable
Skills
General
Microbiology
ILO 1- 2 – 7- 9 4 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
Systemic
microbiology
ILO 3-5-6-8 1-2-3-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
immunology ILO 4-10-11-12-13-
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1-6 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
Virology ILO 2-3-5 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
Mycology ILO 2-3-5-6 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
Applied
microbiology
ILO 5-9 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
Practical
laboratory
1-2 1-2-3-4-5-6 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6
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9. Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures (board, data show).
Practical sessions (Tools: lab glass ware, chemical reagents, lab instruments.
Self-learning in the form of student presentation.
10. Student Assessment Methods
a. Attendance Criteria:
The minimum acceptable practical attendance is 70%; students who fail to
attend that percentage of activities will prohibited from attending final
exam paper.
b. Assessment Tools:
Tool Purpose
Student presentation Assessment of general and transferable skills
Written examination
Assessment of knowledge and understanding
and intellectual skills.
Oral examination
Assessment of knowledge and
understanding, intellectual, general and
transferable skills.
Practical examination
Assessment of practical, intellectual and
general skills
c. Time Schedule of assessment:
Practical:
Evaluation of students' performance and activity during labs
Student presentation evaluation
Assessments schedule
1st semester: one formative exams: held in April .
All through the year . weekly assessment in tutorial , home assignments
Final examination:
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At the end of the academic year (October) for all students in the form
of oral and written exams
The exam is re-held in Dcember for those who fail to pass the final exam
or postpone it
d. Grading system:
The minimum passing score is 120 marks provided at least 35% of marks
are obtained in the final written examination.
Passing grades are:
Grade Percentage
Excellent ≥ 85%
Very good 75 - 85%
Good 65 - 75%
Pass 60 - 65%.
e. Examination description:
Examination Description Marks %
1st assessment Two hour MCQ exam 25 - 30 12,5 - 15
Assignment Asses students' performance
throughout the year 10 - 15
5 - 7.5
Practical
Regular Evaluation of
Performance during Lab
40
20
Final Written
examination
2-hour written paper composed of
MCQ, fill in space, true and false,
and match
90
45
Final oral
examination One oral examination 30
15
Total 200 100
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11. Learning and reference materials:
a. Basic materials:
Overhead projections and computer presentations used during
teaching in classes.
Notes on the laboratory practical work
Department theoretical books and practical manual (3 volumes)
available for students to purchase from different bookshops at the
faculty
b. Suggested materials:
Essential books (text books): x Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s
Medical Microbiology x Janeway and Trave
ESSENTIAL MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY:
c. Periodicals, Web sites, … etc.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.nlm.nih.gov/
www.amhrt.org
http://golgi.harvard.edu/biolinks.
www.nih.gov
x http://www.phage.org/black09.htm
x http://www.microbe.org/microbes/virus_or_bacterium.asp
x http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/330Lecturetopics
x http://whyfiles.org/012mad_cow/7.html
x http://www.microbelibrary.org/
x http://www.hepnet.com/hepb.htm
x http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/Big_Virology/BVHomePage.ht
x http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c2.html
x http://www.med.sc.edu:85/book/welcome.htm
x http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/microbiology_imm
unology.html
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12. Facilities required for teaching and learning
Computers , Audiovisual equipment (data-show)
Microbiology laboratory , Ordinary light microscopes , Reagents
for staining procedures ,Microscope slides , Media needed for
bacteriological culture and identification , kits for new
technology training ,
Course coordinator:
...................................................................................
Head of Department:
……………………………………………………………….