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GLOW

tamasoma jyotirgamaya

From Darkness to Light

Brihadarankya Upanishad

Volume VII, Issue 02,

MAY-AUG 2010

Spreading Wings

Across the Globe

Impact of MetallicParticles in a GIS &its Mitigation

Overview of TechnologicalProgress in Indian ElectricPower Grid

inspired by tomorrow

Solar Power:

The Reliable Source

of Energy

Global Footprint

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EMCO Foundation Enters

Third Glorious Year

02 | CELEBRATIONS

We have the vision we have the path

Started with Vision: To transform lives through sustainabledevelopment involving stakeholders

Moving forward with focus on: (Yashasvi, Shiksha,Parivartan), (Amrut, Ankur) & (Jeevan)

EducationEnvironment Health

Some path-breaking social endeavours and accomplishments

=

=

=

YASHASVI: Scholarship to SSCmeritorious students from Thane andJalgaon Municipal Schools, covering142 students for their furthereducation.

SHIKSHA: Community Development Education for Slum children;benefited so far more than 4000children in the age group of 6-14years.

PARIVARTAN:Soft SkillsDevelopment Programme for

thMunicipal School children of 8 to

th10 standard students of Thane andJalgaon; covered 2000 children and

adding 4500 this year.

EDUCATION

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

AKSHAR

Yashasvi: SSC Topper-2008 from TMC School, Thane receivingscholarship award from our Chairman

YashasviThane receiving scholarship award fromour Managing Director: SSC Topper-2010 from TMC School, ParivartanJantre awarding Appreciation Certificate toTMC School Students

: TMC Ex-Commissioner Mr NandkumarUniform distribution to Jalgaon Mun. Corp. SchoolStudents by Dr Narendra Jadhav, Member - Planning

Commission, Govt of India & Mrs Ratna Jain

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Organized Blood DonationCamps in Thane, Jalgoan,Vadodara and Dadra. Collected700 units of blood and donated

to the society.

HEALTH

Tree Plantation andDistribution of Seeds.Planted 600 trees andadding 110 more thisyear.

Commenced IntegratedWatershed Developmentprogramme in Bilwadi,near Jalgaon, aimingbenefit to 500 families.

ENVIRONMENT

www.emcoindia.com GLOW | May-Aug 2010

ANKURAMRUT

03 | CELEBRATIONS Contd...

JEEVAN

No enterprise could ever have grown

and created wealth without the society s

solid backing; hence we need to express

our gratefulness and contribute

to its well-being.

- Rajesh S. Jain

Chairman

Mr Ashok Khivsara, Trustee - Maharana Pratap School, Jalgaon,

planting tree during inaugural function of Parivartan programme

Amrut Development Programme at Bilwadi, Jalgoan: Nala Survey by EF Team under Integrated Watershed

Ankur: Tree plantation by TMC School students

JeevanMeters Plant, Dadra: Blood donation camp at EF Managing Trustee Mr Ramaswamy givingaway blood donation certificate

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Contents

GLOW is published in

Thane for EMCO Limited.

For private circulation only.

Science is neither limited by time

nor by space; It belongs to the

world, and is of no country and

of no age.- Sir Humphrey Davy

Meenakshi Jain

M.L. Jain

Vijay Nakhate - Thane

Pravin Maskar - Thane

Bhagwat Patil - Jalgaon

Puneet Shukla - Dadra

Co-ordinators

Please send us yoursuggestion/feedback at:[email protected]

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

13 Changing Power Scenario

15 From the Heart

Customer Delight14

11 Impact of Metallic Particlesin a GIS and its Mitigation

07Solar Power:The Reliable Sourceof Energy

10 Happenings

09 Creative Forum

05 Spreading WingsAcross the Globe

06 News Highlights

Editorial Committee

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AAMCHI EMCO

Spreading Wings Across the Globe

s Aamchi EMCO was growing strongly in Utilities and bagged repeat orders from most majordomestic markets across various Divisions, it was Utilities and EPC Contractors in our focus markets.Adecided also to make efforts to sell our products Participation in these exhibitions and face to facein demanding markets around the world. In this scenario meetings with numerous customers with varied needsa need was felt for exploring new markets and becoming offered our team an opportunity to learn about thea global player with an objective of achieving sustained needs of the markets. This exposure and subsequentgrowth and profitability. The strategy was to have a good interaction also improved our product basket andgeographical mix of customers rather than dependence enhanced our exacting quality standards.on one single market.

In 2008 we expanded our operation on the globalIt was in South Africa we got our first foothold in 1997. arena by collaborating with Edison Power South Africa

Soon other African countries, the Middle East Market, for the supply of transformers in the African continentespecially Oman and markets in Europe and US opened and also dispatched our first transformer to Latinfor EMCO and in 2001 a full-fledged International America. In spite of the global meltdown in early 2008Division took its shape offering single point access to all we continued our march forward with our strategy ofglobal customers for its products and solutions. focusing on the emerging markets. In 2009 we supplied

our first 330kV transformer to Nigeria, coupled with ourBy 2004, the International Division became the visible regular supplies to Africa and Middle East in the 220kV

arm of Emco in global markets. In this year, we class segment.expanded the export product range from Transformersto Meters. Today a large number of transformers are installed and

successfully put in to operation in more than 43

The ensuing years were hectic for EMCO andcountries across five continents including Americas,

from 2001-2010 we participated with complete Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific. EMCO'spreparedness and with full force in more than 30 International Division is today pre-qualified with all theexhibitions in Germany, Spain, Dubai, Italy, Malaysia, major Utilities around the world and our years of hardSouth Africa, USA, Iran, Kuwait, Vietnam, Indonesia, work has been recognized with EMCO receiving theThailand etc. With that the second phase of followup Best Export Performance Award from TMA for the fifthvisits after these exhibitions and years of hard work we consecutive year in 2009. EMCO has become angot pre-qualified to compete in tenders from various established name in the international markets with

EMCO STORY - XIX | 05

- Editorial Committee

A brief account of the landmark events chronicled below reflects pattern of our business growth in theinternational market.

1997 Business Development Group forays in to export business1998 Export of Transformers to Bangladesh and Ghana2001 Business Development Group christened as International Division; export of first transformer to USA2002 Export of Furnace Transformers to Europe2003 Company accorded 'Star Export House status by DGFT, Government of India2004 Received 'Export Performance Award 2003' from TMA, Thane2005 First time export of Meters beginning with Africa and Germany; Received US$ 5.5 Million single order

for transformers from Syrian Utility2006 Received 'Export Performance Award 2005' from TMA, Thane2007 Export of first 220 kV transformer to Africa2008 Collaboration with Edison Power to supply transformers in South Africa and becomes the only Company in

India to be pre-qualified in Saudi Arabia. Exports 165 MVA transformers to Iraq and 120 MVA transformersto Iran

2009 Export of first 330 kV class transformer to Africa. Supplied transformers to Panama Canal Authority and getpre-qualified with Petronas, Malaysia

2010 Receives pre-qualification from Nigeria for supply of Substation

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is commendable. We shall not hesitate to recommendoffices in multiple locations outside India and partnersspread across the globe. EMCO any day, anywhere. We appreciate you.

- S.O. Udeh, NigeriaToday EMCO has garnered the experience and

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SOLAR POWER: THE RELIABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY

which in turn radiate it, thus heating the atmosphere. This isany ancient civilizations worshiped the sun as greatwhat keeps the earth habitable. Without the greenhouseforce of life. Around 1350 BC, Egyptians worshipedM effect overnight temperatures would plunge and the averagethe sun as the only god. In ancient Greek

osurface temperature would be about minus 18 C, about themythology, the sun god Helios drove his chariot across thesame as on the moon, which lacks the shroud of oursky every day and floated back across the ocean at night inatmosphere. The particular problem arises in a particularthe golden cup. In Hinduism, Surya the sun god is driven by aband of solar radiation where water vapor is a weakseven-horsed Chariot depicting the seven days of the week.absorber of radiation and where the Earth's thermalWe look at the sun every day as a ray of hope not withoutradiation is greatest. Increased concentrations of CO andsubstance. 2other radiative gases here mean that less heat is lost to spaceSolar Energy the Ultimate Long Term Power Solution

from the Earth's loweratmosphere, and tempera-

tures at the Earth's surface aretherefore likely to increase.But the greenhouse gaseshave some residence timein the atmosphere. Forexample, methane has aboutan eleven-year residencetime and CO has longer2time. So it is understandable,why the world talk of reducingthe carbon dioxide emissiondue to change in climate and

that business-as-usual in theenergy sector is not an optionany more.

Solar energy is renewable and there is no danger of Advantages of Solar Powerrunning out. Other energy sources such as coal and oil are

The fuel is free. There is more than sufficient solar radiationburned and used up to produce power. Geothermal, wind

available around the world. Solar Photovoltaic is a simple,and biomass power are also renewable forms of energy. The

low risk technology. For power companies and theirsun which drives other sources such as winds and water by

customers, Photovoltaics has the advantage of providingwarming some part of the world more than others that affect

relatively quick and modular deployment. In environmentalthe air that surrounds our planet and also heating the oceans

terms, there are no emissions of carbon dioxide - the maincreating clouds and rain a never ending water cycle. World's

gas responsible for global climate change.fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural gas which come from the

Solar Power Systemsfossilized remains of prehistoric plants and animals could The solar power systems discussed here are different fromhave never existed without sun. Fig. 1 depicts present and thethe ones where the sun rays are used for hot water system in apossible future scenario of power contribution by solarhouse, swimming pool, etc. Solar power systems based onenergy. Presently cumulative solar energy productionPhotovoltaics and solar thermal by Concentrating Solaraccounts for less than 0.01% of total Global Primary EnergyPower (CSP) is briefly presented in this article.demand.

Solar PhotovoltaicsGreenhouse EffectPhotovoltaics (PV) is an elegant but expensive technology.The increase of the average temperature of Earth's near-

The most important parts of a PV system are the cells whichsurface air is called Global Warming. A number of indicatorsform the basic building blocks. This cell can be consideredsuggest that this is due to greenhouse effect which resultsas two terminal device which conducts like a diode in thefrom human activity such as fossil fuel burning anddark and generates a photovoltage when charged by thedeforestation. It has been estimated that CO is the major2sun, they are packaged into modules generating DC currentgreenhouse gas which contributes to the rise in temperature.and converted suitably using inverters for everyday use.Greenhouse effect itself occurs when short wave solarCrystalline Silicon Solar Cellsradiation heats the surface of the Earth, and the energy is

radiated back as heat through the earth atmosphere. A lot of About 87 per cent of the PV installations in 2009 arethermal radiations are absorbed by water vapor and CO powered by crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. This2,

SOLAR POWER | 07

GLOW | May-Aug 2010www.emcoindia.com

- Dr. Annamalai Karthigeyan

Fig. 1: Sources of Energy

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08 | SOLAR POWER

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

technology is widely available, well understood. Efficiencies grid solar power are mainly in the telecommunications field,of more than 20% have been obtained with silicon cells in the especially to link remote rural areas to the rest of the country.laboratory, but typical commercial c-Si cells are 10-17 per Other applications include traffic signals, marine navigationcent efficient. aids, security phones, weather or pollution monitors, remoteSolar Cell Efficiency () lighting, highway signs and waste water treatment plants.

Stand-alone (off-grid) PV systems contain a batteryconnected to the PV array via a charge controller which

protects the battery from over charge or discharge. An

inverter is required to convert the DC power to AC if

required.

Grid Connected PV Systems

It is the most popular type of PV system for homes and

businesses in the developed world. Connection to the localThe efficiency of a solar cell is one of its most importantelectricity network allows any excess power produced to becharacteristics of the device. Efficiency of the solar cell orsold to the utility. Electricity is then imported from the networkmodule is defined as electrical power produced by the cell oroutside daylight hours. An inverter is used to convert the DCmodule (Pm) to the ratio of incident light power (Solar

-2radiations strikes the earth with 1000 Wm under standard power produced by the system to AC power for runningcondition). normal electrical equipment. Most installations today are on

rooftops, but larger field-based installations in megawattsThin Film Solar Cells(MW) range are becoming common.Thin film market share

in 2009 was around Solar Thermal Generation (CSP)19%. The modules areconstructed by deposit-ing extremely thin layersof photosensitive mate-rials on a low costbacking such as glass,

stainless steel or plastic.This results in lowerproduction costs com-pared to the more

material intensive crystalline technology even though theefficiencies are inferior to crystalline solar cells . Three typesof thin film modules, such as amorphous Silicon(a-Si), Copper Indium diselenide (CIS, CIGS) and CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) are commercially available presently.

The basic concept of CSP is relatively simple. CSP devicesConcentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)concentrate energy from the sun's rays to heat a receiver toConcentrator systems offer an effective, practical way tohigh temperatures. This heat is transformed first intokeep solar cell conversion efficiencies high while keeping

mechanical energy (by turbines or other engines) and thensemiconductor material costs down using relativelyinto electricity. CSP is a proven technology. At present, thereinexpensive optics such as mirrors or lenses to concentrateare four main CSP technology families, which can beor focus light from a relatively broad collection area onto a

much smaller area of active semiconductor material. Since categorized by the way they focus the sun's rays and theCPV systems work by focusing sunlight onto a targeted area, technology used to receive the sun's energy. It can be built inthey must be pointed directly at the sun and require trackers a range of sizes, from a few MW up to several hundred MW.that follow the sun's trajectory throughout the day. These are

As of early 2010, the global stock of CSP plants nearedthe main drawbacks of these systems. CPV modules reduce

1 GW capacity and is expected to contribute 5% of thethe amount of PV material (Si/III-V compounds) used by asannual global electricity production in 2050 in this scenario.little as 2-5 times to 100-1000 times.

ConclusionTypes of PV SystemsDespite widespread interest and support for solar systemsStand alone/Off grid PV Systems

all over the world, lot of efforts are on to make cost andPV provides vital power for communities in the developingperformance attractive to make solar power competitive withworld who have no access to mains electricity. Among theelectricity from conventional sources. Sun is much closure touses are for domestic lighting, solar lanterns, TV sets, waterus than any other star and hold our earth and other planetspumping, refrigerators and providing lighting for shops,by gravity would always be our reliable source of life.health centers or small market places. Industrial uses for off

100.0%

90.0%

80.0%

70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%

2008 2009 2010

Crystalline CdTe Thin Film Thin Film Others

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10 Tips to Stay Positive in Negative SituationsThough it's not easy, it's important to stay positive in negativesituations. Beat the negative situations by staying positive. Here are10 tips on how to do it; pick the ones that work for you:

1. Never respond when you are not calm. If you are not sure, taketime to calm yourself down first.

2. Take a deep breath as a first step to calm yourself down.

3. Speak in gentle tone to reduce the tension of the situation.

4. Realize that you can find opportunities in negative situations.Albert Einstein said: In the middle of every difficulty liesopportunity.

5. If you make mistakes, be open to admit it.6. If you make mistakes, remember this quote by George BernardShaw: A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable, butmore useful than a life spent doing nothing.

7. If you can, listen to motivational audio program to feed positivethoughts into your mind.

8. Talk to a positive friend who can encourage you.

9. Remember your favorite quotes to give you inspiration andmotivation. This is one reason why you should have quote of theday.

10. Look at the negative situations as your training sessions for reallife. The higher you climb in life, the worse the negative situations

would be, so you'd better be prepared for them.- Jitendra Dashrathi

What lies behind you and what lies in front of you,

pales in comparison to what lies inside of you.

Creative Forum

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pJv n Ml DF& cnCp JnjpJv n vk lj DF& cnCp ljpJv n MU lj DF& cnCp HpJv n kc kc lj DF& cnCp mfDF& cnCp cboj G kUmDF& cnCp DbiClu HJ$ lUmDF& cnCp Ypvl iCiCJ DM mblJCDF& cnCp JUJbl HJb Dmb [ij HC

DF& cnCp Djll JpJJDM uy UDF& cnCp JovvbljmJ&l Hnu DjU... - mboH cij

CREATIVE FORUM | 09


A two year-old Octopus Paul, the so-called Octopus Oracle, hasbecome the superstar of this FIFA World Cup with his right predictions!

Humour

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-P. Da ,

Winnr

Every morning on an empty stomach make it a

habit to drink 2 teaspoons of honey with warm

water and a half spoon of lemon extract... this

acts universally as a best blood purifier and also

a good drink to keep the cholesterol and your

weight under control.

HEALTH TIPS

WorldPhotograph

yDayContestt

EMCOa

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10 | HAPPENINGS

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

Happenings

Inspiration: Our MD Mr. Ajay Dhagat sharing a word of wisdom with our2010 batch of Eklavyas

Customer Visit:Inspection Team from Italy at our Transformer facility,

Jalgaon

HTS Transformer

Apex Meet:Plant

PRC Members from CEA, CPRI & EMCO at our Jalgaon

Independence Day: Celebrated at our Jalgaon Plant

Welcome: Our Vice-Chairman Mr. Shailesh Jain & CEO for TransmissionLine Business Mr. Deepak Khandelwal welcoming Director (Projects)PGCIL, Mr. Jha & GM (CMG) Mr. Jain at our Corporate Office, Thane

Chairing a Session: OIndia Session at CBIP, New Delhi

ur Vice-President Mr. M.L. Jain chairing CIGRE

Skill Enhancement: Training of Shop-floor Emcoites on Brazing at Thane

Industrial Visit: Faculties & Students from MIT College of Engineering,Pune at our Transformer facility, Thane

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Impact of Metallic Particles in

a Gas Insulated Substation and

its Mitigation

as Insulated Substations (GIS) pressure. The pressure of gas is chosenare f inding increas ing on the basis of manufacturer design. Free conducting particles create onedemand in Metropolitan However, the pressure in circuit breakerG of the most onerous conditions in GIS.

Cities and Hydro-Power stations. It has arcing chamber is maintained much These free conducting particles mayfound greater acceptability with power higher than that of rest of the have any shape or size, may begenerating companies and utilities due components of substation. spherical or filamentary (wire like) or into several advantages it offers over the form of fine dust. Particles may beWhile, there are several advantagesconventional Air Insulated Substations free to move or rest on to the surfaces.associated with GIS, there are two(AIS). The major advantages are their They could be of conducting materialspecific disadvantages which relate tocompactness, protection against or insulating material. Particles ofvery fast transients during disconnectorlightning, reduced maintenance, free insulating materials are not so harmful,operation and existence of smallfrom disturbance due to switching and since they have little effect on themetallic particles within the spacelightning surges, noiseless operation, breakdown properties of gases. Thebetween live part and roundedimmunity to explosion, flame-resistant wire-like particles made of conductingenclosure. These particles move in theand minimum interference. The material are more harmful.interspace region and may give rise tovolume occupied by GIS at EHV levels partial or full discharges leading to The components of a GIS areis far less than that of AIS. Since all the failure of the GIS. manufactured with any of thelive parts are enclosed within GIS combination of materials, e.g.This article deals with the particlechamber, safety against high voltage aluminum, steel, copper, silver, nickelmovement in the electric field arisingprovides an added advantage. A GIS etc. The likely causes of existence ofdue to power frequency voltage of the

consists of several main components, particle contamination are debris leftsystem. This presents the mathematicale.g. Circuit Breaker, Bus Enclosure, from the manufacturing and assemblytreatment of the particle movementCurren t Trans former, Vol tage process, movement of the centralwithin the duct considering severalTransformer, Disconnector, Earthing, conductor under load cycling,parameters like particle material,Switch and current carrying moving mechanical abrasion, and vibrationshape, size, gas pressure, drag forcecontact. during shipment. Even with a very highand random motion for a typical bus

level of quality control, it appears thatduct of a GIS of EHV class. It alsoa certain level of particulatepresents experimental result of partialcontamination is unavoidable. Indischarges due to loosely held freeaddition, the arcing in the circuitmetal particles.breaker (CB) may erode a part ofgraphite or copper which can settle at

random locations inside the chamber.Several authors have reportedinvestigations on movement ofparticles in GIS. However, the presenceof atmospheric dust containingconducting particles, especially on thecathode, reduces the breakdownvoltage. Conducting particles placedin a uniform AC field lift-off at a certainvoltage. As the voltage is raised, theparticles assume a bouncing statereaching a height determined by the

The inner live part of the GIS is

applied voltage. With a furthersupported by specially designed increase in voltage, the bounce heightinsulator of epoxy, filled with alumina. and the corona current increase untilThe space between the live conductor breakdown occurs. The lift-off voltageand bus enclosure is filled with Sulphur is independent of the pressure of gas.Hexafluoride (SF ) gas at a specified After the onset of bouncing, the offset

electrical discharges.

Even though SF exhibits very high6dielectric strength, the withstandvoltage of SF within the GIS is6drastically reduced due to thepresence of particles or defects like:

1. Free particles on the inner surfaceof the enclosure,

2. Protrusion on the high voltage(HV) bus,

3. Protrusion on the inner surface ofthe enclosure, and

4. Narrow gaps between the spacerand the electrode due to imperfectcasting and or imperfect mechanicalmachining, which may lead to highelectrical stress and thus micro6

Source of particles and mechanismof movement

GUEST ARTICLE | 11


Dr. B.P. Singh, Ex-General Manager, BHELPrincipal, St Martins Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad

Fig 1: Typical GIS configuration

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12 | GUEST ARTICLE

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

Spacer

GroundedEnclosure

Metallic ParticleHigh VoltageConductor

SF Gas6

voltage is approx. 30% lower than the for power frequency voltage it can belift-off voltage. seen from Fig. 2 that the particle

reached 43 mm from the bottom of

chamber during one of its flight. Such

movement occasionally gives rise toConsidering the electrostat ic,

discharges between the particle andgravitational and drag force and gas the HV electrode causing explosivepressure, the movement of a particle is

evaporation and ionization of metalgiven by

Understanding the dynamics of a where,leading to breakdown.metallic particle in a coaxial electrode V Sint is the supply voltage on the

system, i.e. bus duct or bus enclosureinner electrode, r0 is the enclosure

which forms major portion of GIS, is ofParticles exhibit different behaviourradius;r is the inner conductor radius;ivital importance for determining the

under different conditions. If a particleeffect of metallic contamination in a y(t) is the position of the particle whichis resting loosely on the inner surface ofGIS. If the motion pattern of a metallic is the vertical distance from the surfacethe chamber then partial discharge willparticle is known, the probability of of the enclosure towards the innerexhibit a pattern as shown in Fig 3. Theparticle crossing a coaxial gap and electrode; y is the velocity of the

causing a flashover can be estimated. simulation was carried out with a singleparticle; is the viscosity of the fluid; r isThe lift-off field for a particle on the wire like particle.the particle radius; is the gas density;gsurface of an electrode and its

l is the particle length; K (y) is adsubsequent motion can be determineddrag coefficient; m=mass of theby a set of equations.particle; y= displacement in verticalA conducting particle in motion in andirection; F = Electrostatic force;eexternal electric field will be subjectedg = gravitational constant.to a collective influence of several

forces. In order to understand themechanism of movement a basic bus

duct as shown in Fig.1 can be Metallic particles move randomly in aconsidered. It shows a typical

horizontally mounted GIS/GITL systemhorizontal bus duct with a conical type

due to the electrode surface roughnesssupport insulator. The space between

and particle irregularities. Under 50 Hzthe cylindrical HV electrode and

AC voltage, the particle can cross theenclosure is filled with SF gas at pre-6

gap at a sufficiently high voltage level. The magnitude of PD depends on thespecified pressure.However, the particle may remain in

applied voltage, the shape of themid-gap or hover near the central

particle and gas pressure.electrode for several voltage cycles.

ConclusionParticle movement plays a crucial rolein determining the insulation behavior The article describes the components

of GIS/GITL systems. of GIS and its merit over conventional AIS. The mechanism of formation of

conducting particles and mathematical

expression required for determining itsUsing the above equations theUnder an applied electric field a movement has been discussed. Resultsmovement of typical wire likeconducting particle acquires a chargewith regard to movement of analuminiunm particle of 10 mm longand lifts off from its resting position onaluminum wire in a typical EHV classand 0.5 mm diameter was examinedthe enclosure when the electrostaticGIS is presented. Experimental resultforce from the field becomes equal towith regard to partial discharges forthe gravity force. The charge acquiredloosely held particles and protrusionby a particle resting at the inner surfacehave been depicted.of the enclosure is given by

Some of the methods for conductingparticle control and de-activation are:

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE | 13

Overview of Technological Progress in

Indian Electric Power Grid

Changing Power Scenario


Part Two

Mata Prasad, FNAEAdvisor to Chairman, EMCO

Part One of the article published in the Jan-Apr 2010 issue of the Glow covered a brief overview of the changing globalpower scenario. Dwelling up on the technological changes, the challenges in system developments and the technologydevelopments, the article ended with introductory remarks on distributed generation and its spin-off values.

Taking forward the progress on the distributed generation, covering DG technologies in different countries and its impacton network, the author introduces Electrical Engineering Innovation in Power System in this issue.

The latest awakening in such energy parks as DG, wind andDistributed Generation (DG) and its impact on Networksolar farm has boosted the plans for accelerating the

The following gives listing of promising DG technologies for development of various forms of DG. Without energy, thereapplication in developing countries: can be little economic development, clean water, refrigerated

Micro-turbines foods and medicines, no telephones, radio/TV or the mostFuel cells basic forms of sustainability. Many rural areas are still veryWind power remote or too poor to support energy systems that areSolar power connected to the electricity grid. Many developing countriesIC Reciprocating engines face population growth that far exceeds the planned rates ofSmall Hydro-electric grid connection. As such many will either remain withoutpower energy or forced to migrate to urban areas where theHybrid power with more infrastructure is already over burdened.than one type of

In general, many technical influences of increasing share ofgeneratorDG may be observed in different countries depending uponMicro-gridthe amount of DG and the kind of generators used as well asOther enablingon the structure of the system. For example, the subsidies and

technologiesattractive power supply rates for energy from DG, especially

Examples of DG show the wind farms and solar cells will lead to high increase of suchemphasis by Governments to provide electric power to power plants and special problems in the conventionalremote communities: systems. Network expansion planning is directly affected

when a large number of DGs can only be connected directly=In India, the government had planned in the year 2000 to

to the transmission system. In network operation, voltageelectrify 100,000 villages with renewable energy and

control is one of the major tasks. DG has influence on theinstall solar based powered telephones in every one of the

quality of service supply and on technical problems like short500,000 villages. This scheme is getting all the priorities.

circuit power and protection system. The voltage bands withvariation admissible as 16%, the allocation of voltage drops=Indian Government has massive energy farms of

harnessing wind and solar energy farms for rural system.

=Mexico had planned and executed to electrify 60,000villages using photovoltaic.

=In Zaire, several major hospitals depend uponphotovoltaic solar energy.

=In Mangolia, the government plans the distribution of 240small wind/photovoltaic systems for household use as thefirst phase in a larger implementation farms.

=In Nepal, 1500 photovoltaic systems were installed wayback in the year 2000.

=Villages on islands in the Caribbean and Mediterraneanare looking at DG as source of power required todesalinate drinking water for drinking.

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

could be 2% deviation at transformer terminals, 6.5% voltagedrop in MV network, 2.5% drop in step-down transformersand 5% drop in LV network.

For successful connection of DG into system with desiredreactive power and voltage control and its integration with thepower system, detailed and optimization studies are required.

Various forms of DG system are available and have beenexplored for application into the power network. Besides windand solar plants, the other interesting DG system is Fuel Cells.

Electrical power system has been characterized by largepower plants located at long distances, requiring longtransmission and distribution networks for supply of power tousers. Consequent to restructuring and unbundling of thepower generation industry and impact of environmental andfinancial constraints, Fuel Cells Technology is expected to

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stimulate and accelerate this evolution. transformer.There are principally five types of Fuel

The development of new revolutionaryCells, viz. Alkaline Fuel Cells, Proton

items such as Powerformers, Dryformers,Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,

Drycapacitors, FACTS Devices, NumericalPhosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Molten

Devices, Fuel Cells, Distributed Generation,Carbonate Fuel Cells and Solid Oxide

Wide Area Networks, Smart GridFuel Cells. The first two fuel cells are of incorporating Smart Metering and fullylow temperature types (60-120C) whileintegrated Smart Substations etc., hasthe remaining fuel cells are of highenabled their induction in the power system.temperature types (600-1000C). TheIt is exciting to watch as to how the marketfuel cell of PEM type is of much interest toforces will affect their evolution anddomestic users as it meets theadaptation in the system and that shouldrequirement of personal power withprove to be efficient reliable and costpower rating of 7-10 kW.effective.

The cost of Fuel Cells had been estimated as US $ 1,000 perElectrical Engineering Innovation in Power SystemkW in 2001, reducing to US $ 300 in 2003, to US $ 200 per

kW in 2005 and to US $ 100 per kW in 2007 as a result ofLet there be some appreciation of the reasons to believe that

continuous advancements. The cost of such Personal Powerelectrical engineering itself a mystery (!), is still beingFuel Cells in 2010 is expected to go further down to becomeinnovated, exploited, researched and developed on

more attractive. The device alone or in conjunction withcontinuous basis. The Civil and Mechanical Engineers are very

Micro-turbines would revolutionize the distribution andlucky that they can physically visualize the end results of their

transmission segment. The dispersed or distributed generationefforts of development in concrete shapes. The Electrical

is another milestone that is going to improve the distributionEngineers are not so lucky.

efficiency and would avoid wheeling of power to distant loadThe production of electricity is through the Generators,centers. It will have a big impact on T&D sector and large size

having massive stators built of steel and copper, large rotorspithead power plants may not be techno-economicallywith huge shafts and forgings with embedded field windings,feasible. The establishment of LNG coastal terminals inrun by steam or hydro turbines. The end product is ElectricityMaharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and

Tamilnadu (hopefully materialized as projected) is going to that is invisible and no one can come near it unless it is fully

insulated. The Electrical Engineers can manage it well butinitiate the setting up of large size gas power plants, which in

turn, are going to greatly influence the bulk power cannot feel its beauty and grandeur by touching it. Even whentransmission requirements. The situation is thus quite fluid for one is using it, he cannot see it but knows that it is there. OneIndia. switches on the light and the room lights up and he is not

surprised. However, if one flicks the switch and nothingThe role of Power Electronics in developing new items ofhappens, that is the surprise. This is because everybody takesequipment for the power system is going to be much morethe electric light for granted and so do some two billion peoplecomplex. The development of Power Electronic transformersaround the world.conceived as back as 1965 has progressed to the extent that

by 2015, this product would be cheaper than the conventional (To be continued in next issue....)

14 | TECHNICAL ARTICLE

GLOW | May-Aug 2010

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Dear Emcoites,

I am now for three months with the organisation but I feel as if I have been very long withEMCO.

Why this feeling? I reasoned myself and found it is the zeal to bring change which makesme feel closer to all of you.

I have returned to the power sector after 2 years! I find huge change has taken place inmarket, competition has increased more than ever, resilience of T&D industry indicateshow they accelerate when demands increase.

I recollect meeting with Power Secretary about 3 years back when he was challengingindustry stating that growth will be high but Ministry of Power is worried whether T&D canmatch production and as IEEMA President I said, they should not worry as T&D industrywill grow at same or even faster pace than demand grows and now I see this happening.

EMCO also decided to grow by adding Projects as another vertical to business whichcovers Transmission Lines and Substation.

Few important issues which I would like to mention:

?Our thoughts Inspired by tomorrow - this is very appropriate and all our actionsalign to this powerful sentence.

?Vision and values, world class and great place to work - I have been doing dipstickcheck and find fair amount of awareness and to move forward, I urge each businessto find six parameters; when they are achieved, we move towards values and vision. Iwill discuss this with all and put measurement in place.

?We have implemented SAP about 2 years before; this is a great tool for businessreprocess and also bringing discipline and transparency in organisation. Myobservation is there may be feeling that SAP slows down process, I can say from my

experience this is not true. When you work in disciplined manner, it looks painful but toget transparency and quicker decision this pain is must.

This year is very crucial for EMCO as we have each business growing; howevertransformer business remains at base on which other businesses have to be built.

Let us work together; my experience, your aggression & commitment to own as well asachieve results will definitely take us heights which we have dreamt together.

Thank you,

Ajay DhagatManaging Director

Change is the law of life

and those who look only

to the past or present are

certain to miss the future.

- John F Kennedy

FROM THE HEART | 15

From The Heart


8/8/2019 May Aug 10

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Testing in progress aboard a barge at KEMA, Arnhem, The Netherlands

EMCO becomes one of the leading transformer manufacturers in the world to have successfully testeda 315MVA, 230kV Generator Transformer for Dynamic Short Circuit Test

SETTING GLOBAL BENCHMARKS

Founded in 1964, EMCO limited is one of India's leading electrical solutions and products provider in over 40 countries. With

1700+ EMCOites, 5 certified manufacturing plants in India conforming to global standards, product range upto 765kV, EMCO

anticipates and develops tailor-made solutions for unique customer needs, leveraging customer case studies to build knowledge

references across the company. EMCO is also committed to environmental & social responsibility for a better tomorrow.

At EMCO, pushing the envelope comes naturally to us. We consider each The transformer got through in testing in FIRST GO as against the global

challenge a mission to surpass our own expectations and we set about success rate of 50%. This momentous test was witnessed at KEMA

achieving each task with determination and dedication. Laboratories by the UPRVUNLs representatives and their consultant

M/s. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), New Delhi, besidesA demonstration of this was evident when Indias largest rating

EMCOs engineers. For the KEMA lab too, this was the largest rating of315 MVA, 16.5/230 kV 3-Phase Generator Transformer indigenously

230 kV class generator step-up transformer (with LV short circuit currentdesigned and manufactured by EMCO for M/s. U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan

rating of 155.7 kA) ever tested by them.Nigam Ltd. (UPRVUNL) for their Harduaganj Thermal Power Generating

Station was successfully tested for dynamic short circuit test in Success of this prestigious test once again reinforces EMCOs leadership

accordance with International Standard IEC: 60076-5 at the KEMA High in the domain of transformer manufacturing and a testimonial to ourPower Test Lab in Arnhem, The Netherlands. relentless quest for excellence and new benchmarks.

may aug 10

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