matter, summary

Our Lady of the Loneliness School, Cantillana (Seville) Year 5

SPEAKING. Give a good example of matter.

1 - Matter is everything around us that has mass and takes up

space (volume), for example, rocks, living things, water or the air we breathe.

A good example of matter is a fluffy rabbit because it has mass and takes up space (volume).

Properties of matter

General Specific

mass

volume

colour

hardness

flexibility

density

WRITING. Compare the mass of these objects. Use heavy.

2

- Mass is the amount of matter in an object. - Mass is not always related to the size of the object.

mass

1. The table is heavier than the pencil. 2. The real bear is heavier than the teddy bear. 3. The pineapple is heavier than the pillow.

table

pencil

teddy bear

real bear

pillow

pineapple

2

- Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Different types of scales are used to measure mass.

mass

traditional scale kitchen scale

electronic scale

2

1. In groups, take 200 g of pencils and rubbers.

2. In groups, take 300 g of pencils.

3. In groups, take 100 g of rubbers.

mass

SCIENCE

CHALLENGE

2

- Volume is the amount of space that an object occupies.

volume

SPEAKING. Make a list of 4 things and order them

from the largest to the smallest.

An elephant has more volume than a car. A car has more volume than a football. A

football has more volume than a tennis ball.

2

- Volume is measured in litres (l) or millilitres (ml). Cubic centimetres (cm3) can also be used to measure volume.

- 1 cm3 = 1ml

volume

Measuring cylinders can be used to measure

the volume of liquids and solids.

2

The volume of liquids is measured in measuring cylinders.

volume

LIQUIDS SOLIDS - The volume of regular-shaped

solids is calculated with simple mathematical formulas.

- The volume of irregular-shaped solids is calculated by the water displacement method.

summary

MATTER

What is matter?

It’s everything around us that has mass and volume.

Properties

General

Volume

Measuring cylinders

l, ml or cm3

Mass

Scales

Measured in kg and g

Specific

Colour, hardness, flexibility

Density

starter

GROUPWORK 1. Which has more mass: a kilogram of plastic or a kilogram

of iron? 2. Which has more volume?

iron

3 minutes

3

- Density refers to the concentration of matter in a particular volume.

- We calculate the density of an object by dividing its mass by its volume.

density

density mass

volume

3

- For example, 1 cm3 of water has a mass of 1 gram.

- Similar objects can have different densities. For example, matter is more concentrated in a metal ball than in a wooden ball. This means that the metal ball has more mass in the same mole, so its density is higher.

density

density of water = = 1 g/cm3 1 g

1 cm3

density

16 g

8 cm3 density

7.52 g

8 cm3

rough data

WRITING.

Calculate the

density of this

metal ball and

this wooden

ball.

3

- Depending on their density, objects can sink or float when placed in a liquid.

- When the density of an object is higher than the density of the liquid, the object sinks. When it’s lower, the object floats.

density

SPEAKING. Make a list of 2 objects that will float and 2 objects

that will sink and explain why.

A metal ball and a rock will sink because their density is higher than the density of water.

A wooden ball and a paper ball will float because their density is lower than the density of water.

3 curiosities

starter

GROUPWORK Look at the picture. Which cube has a higher density? Explain your answer.

3 minutes

4 - Matter exists in 3 different states.

4 - Everything is made up of atoms. If atoms are very close

together and can’t move, they make a solid; if atoms are more separated and can move, they make a liquid; and if atoms are much further apart and can move freely, they make a gas.

4 SPEAKING. In groups, pretend to be atoms. Your mates have to

guess if you are a solid, a liquid or a gas.

Which state of the matter do we represent?

Solid! Why?

Because your atoms are very close together.

4 - Solids have always the same volume because their atoms

are very close together and can’t move. - Solids can’t flow or be compressed.

Solids have specific

properties:

elasticity

flexibility

fragility

strength

4 LISTENING. Copy this table in your notebook. Then, listen to

the words and copy them in the correct place.

ELASTICITY FLEXIBILITY FRAGILITY STRENGTH

4 - Liquids have always the same volume, but not the same

shape. Liquids can flow, but can’t be compressed.

Liquids have

specific properties:

Viscosity

Volatility

4 SPEAKING. Imagine one of these situations and explain what

would happen.

What would happen if the

water of a river became viscous?

What would happen if the water

became volatile when touching

your body?

Remember to use would

before verbs.

Interesting!

4 - Gases don’t have always the same volume or shape. This is

because their atoms are much further apart and can move more freely that the atoms of liquids. As a result, gases can flow and be compressed.

4 - When a gas is compressed, the mass is the same but the

volume decreases.

summary

STATE OF MATTER ATOMS VOLUME SHAPE PROPERTIES

SOLID very close together and can’t move

always the same

always the same

flexibility, elasticity, fragility and strength

LIQUID not very close together and can move

always the same

changes viscosity and volatility

GAS much further apart and can move more freely

changes changes can be compressed

always the same (x3) – flexibility – much further apart – very close together – can’t move – can move – can move more freely – viscosity – can be compressed – elasticity – strength – changes (x3) –

not very close together – fragility - volatility

4 curiosities

Sublimation reverse sublimation

matter, summary

Education