MatterNotes

What is matter ?

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Matter- anything that has mass and volume.

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Physical Properties

•Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

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•Example: You don’t change the identity of an apple to find it’s volume or see that it is red

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Thermal Conductivity: The rate at which a substance transfers thermal energy (heat)

Example: Cup of hot chocolate warms your

hands

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Solubility: The ability of a

substance to dissolve into another substance.

•Example: Lemonade mix dissolves into water

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•Ductility: •The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire.

Example: Copper Wire is ductile

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• Malleability: • The ability of a substance

to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets.

• Example: Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make aluminum foil

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• You use physical properties all the time.

• For example, physical properties help determine if your socks are clean (odor) or if you can fit all your books into your backpack (volume).

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

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MetalsSilver/ gray in color (except for Copper

and Gold)Have luster (shiny)Hard, solid (except for Mercury which

is a liquid)Malleable and DuctileGood conductors of electricity and

heat

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Metals can oxidize- react to Oxygen and rust forms

Examples of Metals:

Nickel, Titanium, Tungsten, Tin, Iron

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NonmetalsNot able to conduct electricity or heat

Are not malleable or ductile

Many are gas and a few are solid

Examples: Helium, Oxygen, Chlorine, Neon

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MetalloidsSolid

Located on stair step between metals and nonmetals on periodic table.

Have properties of metals and nonmetals

Semi- conductors04/19/23

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Examples: Boron, Arsenic

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Density•A physical property, a

measurement

•The mass per unit volume

• Density = mass

volume

D= m

v04/19/23

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Density Practice

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Practice Problems•Example: What is the density of an object with a mass of 20g and with a volume of 10 mL?

•D= ?•1. Write the equation

D= m v

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• 2. Replace m and V with numbers

• D= 20g =

10mL

2 g/mL

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•Example 2: What is the density of an object with mass of 35 g and with volume is 7 cm3?

•Write the steps and solve yourself.

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1. D= m v

2. D= 35g 7cm3

3. D= 5 g/cm3

Chemical Property NOTES

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Chemical Property

Describes matter based on its ability to change into new

matter with different properties.

Example: Wood can be burned to create

new matter (ash and smoke)

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Flammability- The ability to

burn

Ex: Wood, plastic

Non-flammability

- Substances or objects that will not burn

Example: Pots & pans

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Just so you know….

Reactivity the ability of 2 or

more substances to combine & form a

new substance

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Reactivity with Oxygen- When metal is

exposed to oxygen and

changes.Ex: Rusty nail,Statue of Liberty

Non-reactivity with oxygen: Substances or

objects that will not rust.

Ex: The bumper on a car

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How are physical and chemical

properties different?

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What’s the difference?

•Physical Properties- Can be measured or observed and do NOT change what something is made of.

Chemical Properties:Describes how something will react.DOES change the chemical nature of matter

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Physical Change•A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.

Example: Breaking a piece of chalk in two pieces.

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Examples of Physical Changes

•Freezing water for ice cubes

•Sanding a piece of wood

•Cutting your hair

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•Bending a paper clip

•Melting a stick of butter

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Chemical Change• Two or more substances are

changed into a new substance

•Not the same as Chemical Properties

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Remember……•Chem. Props just describe the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

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Signs of a Chemical Change

•Changes in color•Heat is produced •Fizzing and Foaming•Sound is produced•Gas is produced•Light is produced•Change in smell

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What happens during a chemical change?

•When you bake a cake, you combine eggs, flour, sugar, oil, and other ingredients.

•Each ingredient has its own set of properties

•But if you mix all the ingredients together, you get something completely different.

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•The heat of the oven and the interaction of the cake ingredients cause a chemical change.

Physical Change: A change in appearance only; DOES NOT CHANGE the identity of the matter

Examples:Size change

Shape changeState change ( solid to liquid)

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Chemical Change: Produces new matter with different properties. The identity of the matter DOES change

Examples:Color Change

Heat produced or removedFizzing & Foaming

Smell ChangeLight/ Sound Produced

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EndothermicEnergy is gained by a substance

- Think “endo”= enterExample:

Ice melting into liquid water. The molecules gain energy and speed up

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ExothermicEnergy is removed from, or

taken out of, a substance. Can give off heat

Think “exo” = exitExample:

Water freezing to a solid. The molecules lose energy and

slow down.04/19/23

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States of Matter Notes

-Physical forms in which a substance can exist

•Solid•Liquid

•Gas

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Solid•definite shape •definite volume•Molecules are very close together

•Molecules vibrate in place

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Examples•Rock•Tree•Loaf of bread•Puppy•Iron•Cell Phone•i-pod

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Liquid•No definite shape; takes the shape of its container

• Ex: When you pour water from a beaker into a graduated cylinder does it stay in the shape of the beaker? Nope!

•definite volume

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•Molecules move around

•Examples: •Coffee•Water

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Gas•No definite shape

•No definite volume

•Molecules completely break away from each other.

•There is empty space between the molecules.

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Examples

HydrogenOxygenHelium

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Plasma

•No definite shape or volume

•Molecules have broken apart

•Conduct electric currents;GASES DON’T

Examples:AurorasLightningStars Fluorescent Lights04/19/23

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Changes in State

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MeltingSolid to Liquid

Energy Increases

Example: Ice melting into water.

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FreezingLiquid to Solid

Energy decreases

Example: Water freezing into ice.

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EvaporationLiquid to Gas

Energy Increases

Example: Boiling water changes into steam.

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CondensationGas to liquid

Energy decreases

Example: Dew on the grass in the morning

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SublimationSolid to Gas

Energy Increases

Example: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes into a white gas.

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