Matter and Its Properties

Physical Properties

• A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.

– 1. Extensive –dependent on the amount of a substance• Examples: mass, length, volume, amount of energy in a substance

– 2. Intensive – independent of the amount of substance present• Examples: density, pressure, temperature, melting point, boiling point, ability

to conduct electricity

Is the example below extensive or intensive?• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius no matter how much water is in the

container

Chemical Properties

• Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

• Example: The ability of charcoal (carbon) to burn in air. It combines with oxygen in the air to form a new substance, carbon dioxide gas.

Physical Change

• A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

• Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

Chemical Change

• A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

• Example: Charcoal combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Law of Conservation of Mass

• mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction but is conserved

• Mass (reactants) = Mass (products)

50 grams before = 50 grams after

matter and energy

• matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

• energy: ability to do work or cause change• energy is used anytime a change in matter

occurs• energy is used anytime a change in matter

occurs

kinds of matter

• fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us– elements– compounds– mixtures

elements

• substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically

• examples– sodium– oxygen– carbon– aluminum

compounds

• substances made of two or more elements combined chemically

compounds have properties different from those of the

original elements

• examples– water: hydrogen and

oxygen– salt: sodium and chlorine

mixtures

• combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

• examples– salad– frosted cake– kool-aid

Heterogeneous Mixture

- Has visibly different parts (granite, chocolate chips, salad) 1. Suspension- a mixture whose particles settle out over time

and can be separated from the mixture by filtration.2. Colloid- a mixture in which the dispersed particles do not

settle out. (examples: milk, fog, butter, ink)

Homogeneous Mixtures

• Do not have visibly different parts( seawater, air, Kool-Aid)

- Also called a solution.

Separation of Mixtures

a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct parts based on their properties.

1. Filtration2. Distillation3. Chromatography

Filtration

• The process used to separate a solid or suspension from a liquid.

Distillation

• The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points

Chromatography

• the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer.