matter
DESCRIPTION
MATTER. matter. Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and and volume . Mass is a measurement that reflects the amount of matter . Volume is a measurement that reflects the amount of space filled. The atom. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MATTER
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes.
Matter is anything that has mass and and volume.
Mass is a measurement that reflects the amount of matter.
Volume is a measurement that reflects the amount of
space filled.
MATTER
All matter is composed of atoms.
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
THE ATOM
Matter that exists on Earth can be classified as one of the three physical forms, known as the States of Matter:
1) Solid – Definite shape & Definite volumeDefinite (for both shape and volume) means that the container
makes no difference whatsoever.
2) Liquid – Indefinite shape & Definite volumeIndefinite shape means that the sample takes on the shape of the
container.
3) Gas – Indefinite shape & indefinite volumeIndefinite volume means the sample would expand to fill the entire
container. Only gases do this.
STATES OF MATTER
SHAPE & VOLUME OF MATTER
Matter can change states when energy is added or removed.
For example: As ICE, a solid, is heated, it is converted into a liquid,
known as WATER. As WATER, a liquid, is heated, it is converted into a gas,
known as STEAM.
And the opposite when cooled.
MATTER CAN CHANGE STATES
Matter can be further classified into two categories: Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substances can be further classified into two categories:
Elements and Compounds
Mixtures can be further classified into two categories:Homogeneous mixtures and Heterogeneous mixtures
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Pure Substances can be classified into two categories:Elements and Compounds
Pure Substances always have the same composition. This is known as the Law of Constant Composition.
For example: The compound water is always composed of 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
PURE SUBSTANCES
Elements contain only one type of atom.
For example: The element gold is only made of gold atoms.
ELEMENTS
Some elements only exist in nature as diatomic elements.
This means that they have 2 atoms of one element bonded together.
These 7 elements are H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, & I
DIATOMIC ELEMENTS
Compounds contain two or more different types of atoms bound together in a particular way.
For example: The compound carbon dioxide is made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
COMPOUNDS
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains (keeps) its individual chemical
properties. It is a combination of elements and compounds.
A mixture has variable composition.
For example:In a mixture of ocean water collected at the beach,
there is salt, water, and sand.
Mixtures can be separated physically by filtration & distillation.
Mixtures can be further classified into two categories:Homogeneous mixtures and Heterogeneous mixtures
MIXTURES
Homogeneous mixtures have the same consistency throughout.
Homogeneous mixtures can either be a solution or an alloy.
Solutions may contain solids, liquids, or gases.
Alloys are a mixture of metals.
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES
Solutions may contain solids, liquids, or gases.
For example: AIRA mixture of gases: Helium (He), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2),
Neon (Ne), Water vapor (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), & Argon (Ar)
For example: Coca-ColaA mixture of gas & liquid: carbon dioxide (CO2) and soda.
For example: Salt waterA mixture of liquid & solid: water (H2O) and salt (NaCl)
SOLUTIONS
Alloys are a mixture of two metals or a metal and a nonmetal.
For example: BrassA mixture of two metals: zinc and copper
For Example: SteelA mixture of a metal and a nonmetal: iron and carbon
ALLOYS
A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
Observations usually consist of some type of numerical measurement (quantitative) although sometimes there is a
characteristic (qualitative description) of the property.
Groups of similar elements & compounds can be characterized by the physical properties that they have in common.
Examples: Color, odor, volume, state (solid, liquid, gas), luster (shiny), density, solubility, melting point, boiling point, electrical
conductivity, malleability, and ductility (ability to form wires)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
A chemical property of matter is the ability of a substance to combine with or change into a new substances.
Examples: Flammability (burning), rusting, digestion, growth, fermentation, combustion, neutralization
CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF MATTER
A physical change alters a substance without changing its composition.
The most common physical changes are those that involve a state change:
Solid Liquid (melting, fusion), Liquid Gas (boiling, evaporation)Solid Gas (sublimation) - Example: Dry ice
Gas Solid (deposition) - Example: FrostGas Liquid (condensation), Liquid Solid (freezing)
Other examples of physical changes are: Grinding something into powder, chopping wood, etc.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
A chemical change involves one or more substances changing into a new substance.
A chemical change means that the reacting compound(s) are changed into new compounds or products.
A chemical change obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass because matter is neither created nor destroyed, just rearranged. The actual
atoms involved remain, but they are rearranged into the new compounds.
The rearrangement is called a chemical reaction.
A chemical change is a process in which chemical bonds are broken and new ones are made.
Chemical changes are called REACTIONS.
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Examples: Silver tarnishing, a plant growing a leaf,
electrolysis (the splitting of a water molecule), combustion, iron rusting
CHEMICAL CHANGES