MatterMatter

MatterMatter

PA StandardsPA Standards 3.2.12.C: Inquiry and 3.2.12.C: Inquiry and

DesignDesign 3.4.10.A: Physical 3.4.10.A: Physical

Science, Chemistry, Science, Chemistry, and Physicsand Physics

3.4.12.A: Physical 3.4.12.A: Physical Science, Chemistry, Science, Chemistry, and Physicsand Physics

Apply the elements Apply the elements of scientific inquiry of scientific inquiry to solve multi-step to solve multi-step problems.problems.

Explain concepts Explain concepts about the structure about the structure and properties of and properties of matter.matter.

Apply concepts Apply concepts about the structure about the structure and properties of and properties of matter.matter.

ObjectivesObjectives

DistinguishDistinguish between the physical and between the physical and chemical properties of matter, and give chemical properties of matter, and give examples of each.examples of each.

PerformPerform calculations involving density. calculations involving density.

ExplainExplain how materials are suited for how materials are suited for different uses based on their physical different uses based on their physical and chemical properties, and give and chemical properties, and give examples.examples.

Question What are Chemical and Physical

Properties of Water? Specific Heat

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_OXM4mr_i0&feature=related

Adhesion Straw

Cohesion Dropper and Penny

Polarity Salt Plastic

DistinguishDistinguish between between the physical and the physical and

chemical properties chemical properties of matter, and give of matter, and give examples of each.examples of each.

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties Physical propertiesPhysical properties - - observe without changing the observe without changing the

identityidentity Chemical propertiesChemical properties - - substance combines with other substance combines with other

elements or breaks apart to create new substanceelements or breaks apart to create new substance

Melting/Boiling pointMelting/Boiling point the temperature and pressure the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid/gasat which a solid becomes a liquid/gas

Three States of WaterThree States of Water

ExamplesExamples

Comparing Physical and Comparing Physical and Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Characteristic properties help to Characteristic properties help to identify and classify substances.identify and classify substances.• The table below compares some The table below compares some

physical and chemical properties.physical and chemical properties.

ActivityActivity Complete the “Physical and Chemical

Properties” Activity. Each person will have an example. Identify your example as a:

Physical Property Chemical Property Physical Change Chemical Change

Explain why your example is a physical/chemical property or change.

After you have written your explanation, place your example next to the category it fits in.

PerformPerform calculations calculations involving density.involving density.

Demo LabDemo Lab Finding DensityFinding Density

Materials:Materials: BalanceBalance Small beakerSmall beaker Large beakerLarge beaker Golf BallGolf Ball Graduated cylinder, 100 mLGraduated cylinder, 100 mL SaltSalt SpoonSpoon WaterWater

Add water to a cup and add salt. Add salt until an egg Add water to a cup and add salt. Add salt until an egg floats. floats.

Determine the following:Determine the following: What is the density of the saltwater solution? What is the density of the saltwater solution?

(Density = mass / volume)(Density = mass / volume) What is the density of the golf ball?What is the density of the golf ball? Compare your density measurements. What conclusions Compare your density measurements. What conclusions

can you draw from this comparison?can you draw from this comparison?

Physical Properties,Physical Properties, DensityDensity the ratio of the mass of a the ratio of the mass of a

substance to the volume of a substancesubstance to the volume of a substance

Physical Properties, Physical Properties, continuedcontinued

• The equation for density is The equation for density is D = m/VD = m/V• Density = mass/volumeDensity = mass/volume

• Units – grams per cubic Units – grams per cubic centimeter (centimeter (g/cmg/cm33))

ActivityActivityComplete the Density Worksheet.Complete the Density Worksheet.

Explain Explain how how materials are suited materials are suited

for different uses for different uses based on their based on their physical and physical and

chemical properties, chemical properties, and give examples.and give examples.

ActivityActivity Read “Why It Matters: Aerogel” on page 53. http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=mAJWyRIDDVQ (19 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHnen2nSmDY Writing Prompt:

What are some physical properties of aerogel? NASA used aerogel to protect the Sojourner rover from

the cold environment on Mars. What property makes aerogel useful for this purpose?

How can aerogel improve energy efficiency in homes? Do the benefits justify the cost? Explain. Would you want aerogel as a part of your home? Why or

why not?

Physical Properties, Physical Properties, continuedcontinued

Physical properties help determine Physical properties help determine uses.uses.

• Examples of useful physical properties Examples of useful physical properties include:include:

• low freezing pointlow freezing point• high boiling pointhigh boiling point• water resistancewater resistance• flexibilityflexibility• electrical conductorelectrical conductor• heat conductor heat conductor

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Chemical properties describe how a Chemical properties describe how a

substance reacts or how a substance substance reacts or how a substance changes into a new substance when in changes into a new substance when in contact with other elements.contact with other elements.

ReactivityReactivity the ability of a substance to the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substancecombine chemically with another substance

Flammability Flammability the ability of a substance to the ability of a substance to react in the presence of oxygen and burn react in the presence of oxygen and burn when exposed to a flamewhen exposed to a flame

ReactivityReactivity

Reactivity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxhW7TtXIAM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9z5-mJ8NZk

Thought Questions Identify the following as physical or chemical

properties: Reacts with water Is red Is shiny and silvery Melts easily Boils at 100 degrees C Is nonflammable Has a low density Tarnishes in moist air

Describe several uses for plastic, and explain why plastic is a good choice for these purposes.

How could a product such as aerogel be used to increase efficiency in homes?