mathsbrochenglish-bulgarian

8/9/2019 MathsBrochEnglish-Bulgarian

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This booklet is produced for use by

bilingual pupils.


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CONTENTS

1. Signs and Symbols

2. Area

3. Volume

4. Money

5. Lines

6. Angles

7. Triangle

8. Circles

9. Shapes

10. Graphs

11. Fractions

12. Decimals

13. Distance

14. Capacity

15. Weight

16. Time

17. Temperature

18. Instruments


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1. Signs and Symbols 1.

ADDITION

add plus

and

total of

increase by c

sum of

+altogether

SUBTRACTION

subtract

minus

take away

less -

decrease by

reduce by

from

difference between

MULTIPLICATION

multiplied by

times

by

groups oflots ofthe product of (3x4)

DIVISION

divided by

into

out of

share e

each

part of

portion


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equals

is

is the same as

makes =

has the same value as m cm

is approximately

about

roughly

close to

nearly

around

almost the same as

is more than

is greater than - >is bigger than -

is less than -

is smaller than -


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anticlockwisecounter clockwise root 8 infinity

2. Area 2.

Area means how much space a flat (two dimensional) shape takes up.We measure area in square e.g. square centimetres (cm

2).

(). a (cm2).

Area = length x width= 4cm x 2cm= 8 cm2

= X

= 4cm x 2cm= 8 cm2

A cube has six faces. The surface area of a cube maybe drawn like this:.

1 2 3 4

7 865

1 2

6

43

5


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4. Money 4.

These are the coins used inBritain:

ii: ,

One pound (1) is 100 pence. (1) .

These are the notes in use:

We usually write prices like this:

2.99 3.25

.

2.99 3.25

1p 2p 5p

10p 1

5 10 20 50

20p 50p

2


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5. Lines 5.

straight line -

curved line -

horizontal line -

vertical line -

diagonal line -

parallel lines -

perpendicular lines -

perimeter -


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6. Angles 6.

These two lines meet at an angle. An angle is measuredin degrees ().. ().

This is a right-angle. It is 90.. 90.

A straight line is made of two right angles. It is 180.

. 180.

A circle is made of four right angles. It has 360.

.

360.


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An angle which measures less than 90 is called anacute angle., - 90

An angle which measures more than 90 is called anobtuse angle.

, - 90

An angle which measures more than 180 is called areflex angle.

, - 180


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7. Triangles 7.

A triangle is a shape with 3 straight sides. It also

has 3 angles. The points of a triangle are calledvertices.

, . .

There are different types of triangles:

;

Isosceles Two sides are the same length. The two angles atthe base are equal..

Equilateral

All three angles are equal. All three sides are thesame length.

Right-angled

One of the angles measures 90. The longest sideis called hypotenuse. 90 -.

The angles of a triangle always add up to 180.

180.


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8. Circles 8.

The perimeter of a circle is called thecircumference..

Half of a circle is called a semi-circle.

-.

Any line from the center of a circle to thecircumference is called radius..

A straight line from one side of a circle to the other sidethrough the center is the diameter., .


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a b Part of the circumference is an arc. The straightline ab is a chord. The a b area is a segment.

An area of a circle enclosed by two radii and anarc is a sector.

A line which touches the circumference at only onepoint is a tangent..

Circles which have the same center are calledconcentric circles.


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9. Shapes 9.

Square/

QuadradoIt has four equal sides and four right angles..

Rectangle/

It has four right angles and opposite sides areequal.

.

Parallelogram/

Opposite sides are parallel..

Quadrilateral/

Any shape with four straight sides. .


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Pentagon/

It has five sides and five angles.

.

Hexagon/

It has six sides and six angles. 6 .

Trapezium/ One set of sides is parallel.

.

Ellipse/


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10. Graphs 10.

A graph has a vertical axis (y) and a horizontal axis (x). (y) (x).

There are many different types of graphs or charts:

yA straight-line graph.

x

yA graph plotting points.

x

x

y

o x


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A bar chart or block graph.

A pictogram.

A column graph.

A pie-chart is a circle divided into differentsectors.


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11.Fractions 11.

A fraction is a part of a whole. 4/5 isa fraction. It may be shown like this:

, 1. 4/5 .

.

4/5 1/5

The number at the top is called theNumerator.

.

The number at the bottom is calledthe Denominator.

.

This is a mixed number: 3 .

It is made of a whole number and afraction. It may be written as anImproper Fraction: ~

3 = 7/2mixed numberimproper fraction

.

3 = 7/2

Equivalent (equal) Fraction

1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4

1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8

1

16

116

116

116

1

16

1

16

1

16

1

16

116

116

116

116

116

116

116

116

Here is another fraction:2/3

o 2/3

This means two parts out of three.We say two-thirds.

. .


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12. Decimals 12.

Parts of a whole number can alsobe written as decimals:1/10 is the same as 0.11/4 is the same as 0.25

4 1/5 is the same as 4.2

.1/10 0.1 0.254 1/5 4.2

Percentages

1% is one every 100 1 % 1 100

1% is 1p in every pound 1% 1

1% is 1/100 1% 1/1001% is 0.01 1% 0.01

Conversion Table

Fraction/

Decimals

Percentage

Half 0.5 50%

Quarter

0.25 25%

Three-quarters

0.75 75%

One tenth 1/10 0.1 10%

One fifth

1/5 0.2 20%

One third 1/3

0.33 33 %

Two thirds 2/3 0.67 66 %

One eighth

1/8 0.125 12 %


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Metric system emm - millimetre mm -

cm - centimetre cm -

m - metre m - km - kilometre km -

Imperial system

Abbreviations /

in - inch in -

ft - foot ft -

yd - yard yd -

mi - mile mi -

1m 1 yd 1m 1 yd

12 ins = 1ft 12 ins = 1ft

3ft = 1 yd 3ft = 1 yd

1760 yds = 1 mi 1760 yds = 1 mi

Conversions

2cm = 1in 2cm = 1cal

1km = 5/8 mi 1km = 5/8 mili


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14. Capacity 14.

Metric system

ml - millilitre ml -

cc - cubic centimetre cc -

l./li - litrel./li -

1cc = 1ml1cc -

1l = 1000ml 1l -

Imperial system

fl.oz - fluid ounce fl.oz -

pt - pint Pt -

gal - gallon gal -

20fl oz = 1 pt 20fl oz = 1 pt

8pts = 1 gal 8pts = 1 gal

Conversions

1 litre = 1 pints 1 litr = 1 pint

1 gal = 4 litres 1 gal = 4 l


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15. Weight 15.

Metric system

mg. - milligram mg. -

g - gram g -

kg - kilogram kg - 1000mg = 1g 1000mg = 1g

1000kg = 1 tonne (ton) - 1000kg = 1 tonne (ton) -

Imperial system

oz - ounce oz -

lb - pound lb -

st - stone st -

16oz = 1lb 16oz = 1lb

14lb = 1st 14lb = 1stConversions.

1oz = 28g 1oz = 28g

1kg = 2 1/5 lb 1kg = 2 1/5 lb

16. Time 16.

Units of time

s = second

min = minute

h = hour

wk = week

yr = year

p.a. = per year

60s = 1min

24h = 1 day

52wks = 1 year

60mins = 1 hour

7days = 1 week

12 months = 1 year

Calendar Months

30 days has September, April,June and November.All the rest have 31Except February all alone whichhas 28 days clear and 29 in eachleap year.

30,, . o 31 , 28, 4- 29

.


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17. Temperature 17.

boiling point =

body temperature =

freezing point =

Temperature is usually measuredin C (degrees Celsius)

a

Sometimes F (Fahrenheit) is used.

0C = 32F

0C = 32F

100C = 212F 100C = 212F

100

37

0


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18. Instruments 18.

ruler

set square

protractor

compasses

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