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MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

UNDERGRADUATE COURSES

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DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Physical BiochemistryCourse Name: Physical BiochemistryCourse Code: BCH1101 (2 CU)

Course Description:This is a first year Semester one course in biochemistry. It introduces students to the use of units of international system of units, properties of biochemical media (ionic strength, activity of a solute in aqueous solution, ionic strength, osmolarity, absorbance and transmittance Turbidity, temperature), units of concentration (molarity, normality, molarity, percent saturation, percent weight per volume, percent weight per weight, milligram percent and parts per million), Acid/base theory, pH, buffers, physical chemical properties of macromolecules. It ends with thermodynamic principles of biochemistry (laws of thermodynamics, energetic functions of state equilibria, energy conservation and free energy, redox reactions and redox potentials).

The course is divided into the following three major topics.

Properties of biochemical media pH and buffers Bioenergeticcs (Thermodynamics).

4. Course Objectives

To define different units of concentration and practice in their application To discuss buffers and their application To discuss pH and its biochemical relevance To use absorbance as a measure of concentration of solutions To discuss systems in the universe, laws of thermodynamics and energy functions of state. To introduce some of the mathematical aspects of biochemistry.

Reading List

The reading list will include but not limited to the following texts.

Segel, I.H (1976), Biochemical calculations, 2nd edition, John Wiley and sons. New York. Morris, J.G. (1974); A biologist’s physical chemistry, 2nd edition, Edward Arnord – Adivision of

Hodders & Soughton, London. Lehninger, A.L, Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M. M. (1993) principles of biochemistry; 2nd edition, Worth

Publishers, NewYork. Vasuderevan, D.M. and Sreekumari, S (200p), Textnooks of biochemistry for medical students, 3rd

edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; New Delhi. Stryer, L (1983), Biochemistry, 3rd edition, W.H., Freeman and Company, New York.

Course Outline

Properties of Biochemical mediaUse of units of international system of units, aqueous solution: activity of a solute in aqueous solution, ionic strength, osmolarity, absorbance and transmittance, turbidity, temperature. Units of concentration Morality, percent saturation (% saturation(, percent weight per volume (% w/v), percent weight per weight (% w/w), milligram percent (mg %) and parts per million (ppm).

pH and BuffersAcid/base theory and pH:

Faculty of Science 2

Bronsted concept of acids and bases, strong acids and their bases and their titration curve ionic product of water, weak acids and bases and their titration curves, acid/base dissociation constants, Henderson – Hasselbalch equation.Buffers and physical-chemical properties of macromolecular.Definition of buffer, working of buffer, buffer capacity, preparation of buffers, blood buffers, polyprotic acids and amphoteric salts, pH indicators, Biochemical relevance of pH: pH-dependent ionization of amino acids, pH-dependent properties of proteins, Zwitterions, pH-dependent separation of mixtures of amino acids and proteins, regulation of pH in the body.

BioenergeticsTerminologies, systems in the universe, laws of thermodynamics, energetic functions of state and their symbols, equilibria, energy conservation and free energy, redox reactions and redox potentials, energy generating organelles. The flow of electrons in biological systems, theories of energy generation, shuttles systems, substrate level an doxidative phosphorylation, action of ionophores an duncouplers. Inhibitors of the electron transport chain system.

Biomolecules: Structure and FunctionCourse Name: Biomolecules: Structure and Function

Course Code: BCH1102 (4 CU)

Course Name: Tissue Structure and Function

Course Code: BCH1201 (2 CU)

Course Name: Metabolism and metabolic regulation

Course code: BCH 1201 (5 CU)

Course description

This subject introduces students to cellular metabolism and energy transfer mechanisms. A description of the individual reactions that constitute the carbohydrate catabolic and anabolic pathways is given. It provides an understanding of nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism. The role of signals and hormones in maintaining homeostasis is explored. The understanding of metabolism provides a foundation for many subjects in biochemistry and biomedical sciences.

The subject also introduces the basic tools and methods of biochemical experimentation, the application of biochemical reasoning and presentation of results in written format.

The course is divided into the following five major topics:● Carbohydrate metabolism ●Lipid metabolism ● Amino acid metabolism ● Porphyrin and Nucleotide metabolism ●Metabolic intergration and regulation

Course Objectives

●To give students an understanding of how energy in form of ATP is derived from food consumed.● To give students a good understanding of the role of various pathways, their relationship and control.● To put metabolism in the intergrated context of the functions of organs and the whole body.● To have a good understanding of the actions of hormones and hormonal interrelationship in the regulation of metabolism.


Reading list● Lehninger, Nelson and Cox (1993). Principles of biochemistry. 2nd edition, Worth Publishers, New York.● Voet D., Voet J., Pratt C.(2006). Fundamentals of Biochemistry, life at molecular level. 2nd edition published by John Wiley and Sons,Inc.● Stryer (1992). Biochemistry. 5th edition, W.H freeman and Company, New York.● Murray, Granner, Mayes, Rodwell (2003). Harpers Illustarated Biochemistry, 26 th edition,Mcgraw-Hill Companies U.S.A.

Course outlineCarbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, Mitochondrial Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, Glycogen metabolism mechanisms of action of insulin, regulation of metabolism in liver.

Lipid metabolismAbsorption of fats and activation of fatty acids, Beta-oxidation of unsual fatty acid,formation of ketone bodies, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triacyglycerols and phospholipids and cholesterol biosynthesis, transport of cholesterol and regulation of lipid metabolism.

Amino acid metabolismProteolysis, amino acid pool, metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen, fate of carbon skeletons, biosynthesis of other amino acid-derived compounds, heme metabolism.

Nucleotide metabolismSynthesis of purine and pymiridine nucleotidesDegradation of purines and pyrimidines, inhibition of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, Deoxyribonucleotides

Metabolic intergration and regulationOrgan specialization; the brain, muscle, adipose tissue, liver and kidney; inter-organ metabolic pathway, hormonal control (mechanism of action of steroid hormones); signal transduction(adenylate cyclase, protein phoshatase).

Principles and Applications of Biochemical MethodsCourse Name: Principles and Applications of Biochemical MethodsCourse Code: BCH2101 (4 CU)

Course name: Cell BiologyCourse Code: BCH2102 (2 CU)Course Description Course objectives

The objectives of Molecular Biology course are: To know To understand To identify the To cover the To give deep knowledge in

Reading ListThe reading list will include but not limited to the following texts:

Harper’s Biochemistry. (Murray R., Granner DK and Mayes L). The World Of The Cell. (Becker H, Reece J and Poenie T). Lecturer Notes: Ass. Prof. Dr. Menha Swellam notes for Cell Biology


Course outlineCell Theory

The theory of cellular organization and the emergence of modern cell biology.Ultra-structure Organization

Classification of organisms by cell structure and identification of cell specialization; both unity and diversity of biology.

Cell organellesGeneral identification of different cell organelles and structures found in the cell

Plasma membranePlasma membrane structure and function

Intercellular membrane and organellesStructure of the different intercellular membranes and organelles and their function; mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles, lysosomes, Golgi complex, peroxisomes, vacuoles and ribosomes.

NucleusThe structure of the nucleus and its compartments and their function, transport across the nucleus.

Microbial Biochemistry and Genetics

Course Name: Microbial Biochemistry and GeneticsCourse Code: BCH 2203 (3 CU)Course Description

An Introductory course for Biochemistry students with either or no background in Microbiology. The second year students are introduced to the basics behind the culturing and growth of Microbes, the factors affecting growth, mutations and metabolic pathways of microorganisms. The emphasis is put on bacteria (bacteriology). An introduction to Virology is also covered.The course is divided into the following major topics:

Microbial GrowthGeneticsBacterial Energy TransductionsIntroduction to Virology

Course Objectives Give students an insight into the applicability of Microbial Biochemistry in different fields of

medicine, industry, agriculture etc To understand the behaviour of microorganisms, both in the laboratory and the environment Lay a foundation for students to specialise in different aspects of microbiology at a higher

level

Reading ListLengeler, J. W., Drews, G and Schlegel, H. G (1999). The Biology of the ProkaryotesSingleton, P (1997). Bacteria in Biology, Biotechnology and Medicine.

Course Outline


Advanced Enzymology. Course name: Advanced Enzymology.

Course code: BCH2202. (2 CU)

Course description: This is advanced enzymology course. The pre-requisite for this course is BCH 1102 on structures and functions of biomolecules.

Derivation of steady state rate equationFactors affecting enzyme reaction ratesTypes of enzyme inhibitionsOrders in kinetic reactions( Zero, first, second orders)Mechanisms of enzyme reactions

i) Lysozymeii) Ribonuclease Aiii) Chymotrysiniv) Carboxypeptidasevi) Lactate dehydrogenase

Course objectives To derive steady state rate equation for enzyme catalysed reaction. To show how different concentrations of substrate affect steady state rate equation. To show how key factors affect enzyme reactions rates. To define the types of enzyme inhibitions. To demonstrate different mechanisms involved in enzyme reactions with examples

Reading list The reading list includes but not limited to the following text books.

1. Lehninger ,A.L, Nelson, D.L., and Cox, M.M. (1993) Principles of Biochemistry 2nd Edition. Worth Publishers, New York.

2. Stryer, L (1988) Biochemistry. 3rd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York3. Segel, I.H.(1976). Biochemical Calculations .2nd Edition

Course outline i) Derivation of steady state rate equation of Michaelis-Menten

ii) Factors affecting enzyme reaction ratesSubstrate concentrationEnzyme concentrationTemperaturepHInhibitorsCofactorsAllosteric effectors

iii) Types of enzyme inhibitionsCompetitive inhibitionNon competitive inhibitionUncompetitive inhibition

iv) Orders of kinetic reactions Zero order kinetic in which substrate is greater than Km. As a result the velocity is constant over

time and independent of substrate. Also product appears as substrate disappears with time. First order kinetic in which only one type of molecule is involved as reactant. It is observed when

substrate is smaller than Km. K1

Second order kinetic in which 2 reactants are involved. A+B P + E


Rate or velocity = K1[A] [B]

v) Mechanisms of enzyme reactions General acid base catalysis Covalent catalysis Metal ion catalysis

Examples to illustrate mechanisms are :Lyozyme, Ribonuclease, chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Lactate dehydrogenase.

Molecular BiologyCourse name: Molecular BiologyCourse Code: BCH2203 (4 CU)

Course DescriptionThis course exploring the explanation of central dogma of molecular biology through understanding of the aspects of molecular biology issues. It covers the structure and recombination of DNA and its function as instructional information in the cell; it is also discusses different types of RNAs and their processing as well as their role in protein synthesis. Moreover it covers transcription and translation processes that ends in protein synthesis and its targeting and assembly into different cell organelles. It ends with gene expression process and its regulation according to different theories. 2. Course objectivesThe objectives of Molecular Biology course are:

To know the structure of DNA, its meting and hybridization processes. To understand Enzymology of the DNA replication process and mechanisms of

recombination. To identify the processes behind the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and

ending with protein synthesis. To cover the processes of protein targeting and assembly. To give deep knowledge in gene expression and its regulation theories.

3. Teaching and assessment patternDuration of CourseThe content of the course will be covered in 3-weeks academic semester with total 45 hours.Mode of Instruction

All of the instruction will be lecture-oriented and students can ask questions during the lecture.

Students are encouraged to search for help outside the lecture room from course instructor.

Lecture notes will be given to the students however the students are encouraged to go for further readings from libraries and web/internet.

Assessment pattern

Reading ListThe reading list will include but not limited to the following texts:

Harper’s Biochemistry. (Murray R., Granner DK and Mayes L). Molecular Cell Biology (Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky L and Masudaira P). The World Of The Cell. (Becker H, Reece J and Poenie T). Genes (Lewin B). Lecturer Notes: Ass. Prof. Dr. Menha Swellam notes for Molecular Biology

Course outlineCentral Dogma of Molecular biologyThe principle of flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein. General outlines on the processes that involve DNA replication, transcription to RNA and translation . DNADNA Structure, hybridization, melting and recombination. Enzymology of DNA replication, DNA organization in the genome. DNA packing and repairing processes.


RNAStructure of different types of RNA and their processing.Gene ExpressionGenetic code, general stages of transcription, the casts of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA polymerases and structure of promoters in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Transcriptional factors in both types. Retroviruses and retrotransposons movement. General steps of translation presses, the cast of translation characters. Protein targeting and sorting both co-translation and post-translation import. Regulation of Gene ExpressionGene regulation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Strategies of adaptive enzyme synthesis (catabolic pathway, anabolic pathway and effector molecules). Lactose (lac) system of E.coli and operon concept. Tryptophan (trp)operon concept as repressible operon. Control of transcription and initiation of translation . Attenuation mechanism

Food Science and NutritionCourse Name: Food Science and Nutrition

Course Code: BCH 3101 (3 CU)

Course DescriptionThis third year course introduces students to food science and nutrition as specialty areas related to biochemistry. Students are introduced to dietary standards and their applications and to food composition, food composition tables and their applications. Proteins, carbohydrates and fats as well as energy and nitrogen balance are discussed with reference to students’ prior knowledge. Also covered are aspects of food microbiology, food processing and preservation and food spoilage. Techniques for assessing human nutritional status are presented, with a focus on biochemical techniques. The absorption, utilization and functions of the micronutrients of public health interest: Vitamin A, iron and iodine are discussed as are the deficiency disorders: Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Vitamin A Deficiency and Iron Deficiency and nutritional anaemia. Students are also given an overview of the inter-relationship between nutrition and infection. Lastly, primary nutritional diseases of particular importance to Uganda are introduced, including oedematous malnutrition and a biochemical analysis of the different theories of its aetiology is given.

The course is divided into two major topics with sub-topics within each:Food science

Food compositionFood microbiology and spoilageFood processing and preservation

NutritionDietary standardsMacronutrientsMicronutrients (of public health interest)Assessment of nutritional statusNutrition and infectionProtein-energy malnutrition

Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course students should be able to:

Describe the composition of major food groupsExplain the application of food composition tables and dietary standardsDescribe food spoilage and the organisms involvedOutline major food processing and preservation methods and the effects on nutrients in foodDiscuss macronutrients in the context of energy and nitrogen balanceDescribe the major approaches in assessment of nutritional statusDiscuss Vitamin A, iodine and iron and their deficiency disordersExplain the relationship between nutrition and infectionDiscuss the protein-energy malnutrition


Reading ListNB: Some books are used to illustrate applications and are not to be read in their entirety.

General:Gibney, M.J., Vorster, H.H. and Kok, F.J. Eds (2002). Introduction to Human Nutrition. Blackwell

Publishing. The Nutrition Society Textbook Series.Specific:

West, C. E, F & Temalilwa, C. R. Eds. (1998). The composition of foods commonly eaten in East Africa. Wageningen, the Netherlands, Wageningen Agricultural University. (Used to illustrate applications of food composition tables)

Sehmi J.K. (1993). National Food Composition Tables and the Planning of Satisfactory Diets in Kenya. National Public Health Laboratory Services, Ministry of health, Kenya. (Used to illustrate applications of food composition tables)

Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London: HMSO. (Used to illustrate applications of dietary standards)

WHO (1983). Measuring change in nutritional status. Geneva: WHO. Reprinted in 1996.Gibney, M.J., Arab, L., Margetts, B. Eds (2002). Public Health Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing. The

Nutrition Society Textbook Series (2002).Hubbs B.C. & Roberts D. (1993) Food poisoning and food hygiene. Chapman and Hall, 6th edition.Eley, A.R. (1992). Microbial food poisoning. Chapman and Hall.

Course Outline Food scienceFood composition: Major food groups and the pattern of distribution of major nutrients: Cereals; roots, tubers, starchy fruits and vegetables; fruits and vegetables; legumes, nuts and seeds; milk and dairy products; animal products. Food composition tables and their applications. Bioavailability of nutrients.

Food microbiology and spoilage: Bacterial agents of food poisoning and food borne infection. Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Brucella melitensi. Food borne viruses: Hepatitis A and Norwalk-like viruses. Mycotoxin fungi: Aspegillus, Penicullum, Fusarium.Food processing and preservation: Major methods and effects on nutrient composition: temperature control: sterilisation, pastuertisation, blanching, refridgeration, freezing. Dehydration. PH control. Use of chemical preservatives: cures, salt, nitrites, additives. Use of gases, irradiation, antibiotics. Packaging: canning. Malting. Effect of processing on nutrients. Nutrition Dietary standards: Overview of how dietary standards are derived. Application of dietary standards.Macronutrients: Energy, sources of energy, Atwater factors, energy balance. Carbohydrates and dietary fibre; proteins and nitrogen balance. Fats, essential fatty acids. Alcohol.Micronutrients (of public health interest): Sources of iodine; absorption and metabolism of iodine; thyroid hormones. Functions of thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone activity in pregnancy during iodine deficiency. Cretinism. Iodine deficiency disorders. Overview of assessment of iodine status. Control of IDD.Sources and absorption of iron. Iron exchanges in the body. Causes and types of anemia. Vitamin B 12

and folate. Iron deficiency, anemia and IDA. Assessment of iron deficiency and IDA. Control of iron deficiency and anemia.Vitamin A: Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and carotenoids: sources, absorption, bioavailability. Metabolism. Functions of retinal and of other retinoids. Assessment of Vitamin A status. Vitamin A deficiency. VAD and infection.Assessment of nutritional status: Dietary assessment: retrospective and prospective methods. Food balance sheets. Anthropometry. Biochemical assessment. Clinical assessment. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach.


Nutrition and infection: Mechanisms through which infection leads to malnutrition and how malnutrition causes infection. Examples: PEM, Vitamin A, Zinc. Diarrhoea, malaria, H. pylori infection, HIV/AIDS, measles.Protein-energy malnutrition: Classification of children with PEM. Types of PEM. Factors associated with stunting in Uganda. Evolution and biochemistry of marasmus. Characteristics of, and observations in kwashiorkor in relation to its evolution – infection, oxidative stress and malnutrition. Approaches in the management of severe PEM.

Course Name: Advanced Immunology/Immunochemistry

Course Code: BCH3102 CU = 3Course Description:

This course is intended to equip the student with the knowledge and understanding of the vertebrate immune system, its component and mechanism of immune responses with specific reference to the human immune defence system. The advanced is offered as an elective to third year students in the semester of every year. In addition the course exposes the students to practical application of immunological function and application of immunochemical techniques in various disciplines.

Course Objectives:

By the end of this course the student is expected to be able to:

Define immunology; Immunochemistry, Immunity, Immune system and immune responses.Name major organs of the immune system and explain mechanisms of immune reactions.Explain the importance of the immune system.Explain inappropriate immune reactions and consequences.Describe mechanism of immunological memoryDescribe mechanism for generation antibody diversity.Explain the principles of classifying immunoglobulins. Describe the biological/physiological functions of immunoglobulinsDifferentiate specific and non specific immune responsesDifferentiate B/T lyphocytes and describe process of developmentDescribe antigen recognition by B/T cellsDefine an antigen, immunogen and haptens; and state the characteristics of a good antigenDescribe antigen processing and presentationDefine auto-immunity and explain origin of autoimmune diseasesDescribe MHC of man and role in tissue/graft rejectionDefine allergy/hypersensitivity and differentiate the different types of hyper sensitivity reactions.Explain the basic principles of immunological methods and state their application in different

fieldsExplain the principles of vaccinology/immunizations.

Course outline

The general IS, organs of IS, immune responses and importance of IS, Non-specific vs specific immune system and types of cells involved. Lymphocytes (B/T lymphocytes), origin and development.Antigen recognition by B/T lymphocytes, antigen processing and presentation, antigen presenting cells (APCs).

Cell surface differentiation clusters or CDs; Immunogens, antigens and haptens, characteristics of good antigen/immunogens.

Antigenic determinants epitopes (linear and confromational epitopes)Antibodies or immunoglobulins, classes and subclasses, Ig-superfamily, structure of Ig molecule, biological/physiological functions of antibodies.


Ig-genes, generation and antibody diversityMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) of man, MHCI & II and class restrictions, role in tissue transplantation.

Allergy/Hypersensitivity: types of hypersensitivity reactions.Autoimmunity and origins of autoimmune diseases.Vaccinology/vaccination and principles and application.Immunochemical assay principles and techniques and application.

Reading lists

Immunology Fourth Edition by Ivan Roit, Jonathan Brosoff and David Male Immunology An Introduction Third Edition by Tizard Lecture notes on Immunology Third Edition by Gordon Reeves and Ian Todd Immunology by Kurby Molecular Immunology Ed. By B.D. Hames & D.M. Glover. Immunochemistry in Practice Alan Johnson/Robin Thorpe 2nd Ed.

Mode of Instruction

Traditional lectures using Power Point presentations with intersection from students by asking questions and seeking clarification.Group discussion on some selected topics and uses of biological modes to illustrate more difficult concepts.Tutorials are conducted every week on course in areas identified by students.Students are also encouraged to complement lecture notes with texts and information from internet.

Immunological Methods and their Application

This part of the course introduces learners to the general principles employed in diagonistic immunology as well as other research fields. The principles underlying production of antibodies for use as reagents in clinical and research undertakings (immunochemistry) are also explored.

Advanced Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyCourse Name: Advanced Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Course Code: BCH 3103 [4 CU]

Course Description

This module introduces students to molecular biology techniques and demonstrates the influence of recombinant DNA technology in modern Biotechnology. The module will include lectures on the key principles and techniques in molecular biology that are required for this process, including the concept of molecular cloning, cloning vectors (plasmids, bacteriophage lambda and others) and their hosts, expression vectors and their construction, synthetic DNA (synthesis of primers), amplifying DNA (The polymerase chain Reaction, PCR), C0T curves, transfection, reverse transcription and DNA sequencing, hybridization and labeling of nucleic acids. Construction principles and uses of gene/chromosome libraries (human, animal and plant gene libraries) as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis will be covered under this module. Bacterial expression systems are the most commonly used in biotechnology therefore a component of the course will focus on cloning and expression of mammalian and plant genes in bacteria, and will also cover the use of in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis to change the sequences and properties of the recombinant proteins being expressed. The module ends with applications of genetic engineering in biotechnology and demonstrates the influence of Recombinant DNA technology in the production of mammalian products (such as human growth hormones and insulin) and vaccines, gene therapy, transgenic plants and animals, food processing as well as environmental bioremediation.

The course is divided into two major topics shown below:


Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology): Principles and techniquesPractical Applications of genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology)

Course ObjectivesThe objectives of this course are to develop an awareness of:Advanced Molecular Biology

Advances in Molecular Biology – concepts and techniques The influence of recombinant DNA technology on modern biotechnology The fact that basic principles of gene expression underpin many, but not all, of the recombinant

DNA techniques used in the biotechnology industry Biotechnology encompassing the exploitation of natural as well as engineered microorganisms and

that designing an industrial scale-process requires special additional consideration.

Reading List

Wolf SL (1995) cell and molecular Biology, Wadsworth publishing companies California U.S.A.

Lewin B (1997) Genes Oxford University Press Inc. New York.

Weaver R.F. (1996) Molecular Biology 2nd Ed. Mc Graw-Hill Scinece.

Brown T.A. (2001) Gene cloning and DNA anlaysis 4th Ed. Blackwell Publishers.

The recommended reading will include but not limited to the following text books.

From Genes to Genomes (2002 First edition). Jeremy Dale and Malcolm Schantz. Wiley.Gene Cloning and DNA analysis (2001 4th edition). Brown, T.A. Blackwell Scientific Press.Principles of Gene Manipulation (2001 6th edition) Primrose, Twyman and Old. Blackwell Scientific

Press.Brock. Biology of Microorganisms (2000 9th edition). Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko and ack

Parker. Prentice Hall International, Inc.Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. (2001 1st edition). Waites, Morgan, Rockey and Higton.

Blackwell Scientific Press.

Course Outline

Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology): Principles and techniquesThe concept of molecular cloning, cloning vectors (plasmids, bacteriophage lambda and others), Hosts for cloning vectors, finding the right clone, expression vectors and their construction, synthetic DNA (synthesis of primers), amplifying DNA (The polymerase chain Reaction, PCR), C0T curves, transfection, reverse transcription and DNA sequencing, hybridization and labeling of nucleic acids will be covered in this module. Construction principles and uses of gene/chromosome libraries (human, animal and plant gene libraries), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), cloning and expression of mammalian and plant genes in bacteria, and the use of in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis to change the sequences and properties of the recombinant proteins being expressed will also be covered.

Practical applications of genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology)Production of mammalian products (such as human growth hormones and insulin) and vaccines by genetically engineered microorganisms, genetic engineering in plant agriculture, genetic engineering in animal and human genetics, genetic engineering and microbial fermentations/food processing, environmental biotechnology (environmental bioremediation).

Animal Nutrition


Course Name: Animal Nutrition Course Code: BCH 3104 (2 CU)Course Description

Animal Nutrition deals with classification and function of nutrients, deficiency symptoms, digestive processes, characterization of feedstuffs, and formulation of diets for domestic animals. This course introduces third year students to animal nutrition, including digestive physiology and metabolism of livestock and other species; nutrient properties and requirements for different aspects of animal production and performance; principles of feed evaluation and ration formulation. This includes nutritional roles of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and water. Digestion, absorption, and use of nutrients and their metabolites.

The course is divided into the following major topics: The Animal and its food Digestion in monogastric animals Metabolism of ruminants Breakdown of proteins and lipid Feeding standards for maintenance and growth Mammary gland and synthesis of milk constituents Metabolic diseases in animals

Course Objectives1. Describe the digestive physiology of ruminants as related to the animals' ability to convert feeds

into various high value products such as milk 2. Understand the factors that affect the processes of feed indigestion, propulsion, and digestion, and

how these factors determine end product release 3. Describe and integrate the absorption and metabolism of energy, proteins, lipids, minerals, and

vitamins in productive ruminants. 4. Evaluate and compare diets for domestic ruminants

Reading ListMcDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. Animal Nutrition, 5th Edition1995,Pond, W.G. , Church, D. C., Pond, K. R and Schoknecht, P. A. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Wiley, 5th Edition 2005

Course Outline

Course Name: Industrial Biochemistry

Course Code: BCH 3201 [3 CU]

Course Description

This module introduces students to the industrial exploitation of biochemical systems (microorganisms and their associated processes) to make products with commercial value. The course encompasses production of microbial cells themselves, products from cells (drugs, chemicals and foods), and the use of microbial cells to catalyze particular reactions in large volumes. This module covers an introduction to industrial microorganisms and products, growth and product formation in biocatalysis, characteristics of large-scale fermentations, fermentation scale-up, energy production (ethanol, biogas etc), conversion of sunlight into biomass (bioreactors and biophotolysis), bioextractive metallurgy (microbial leaching, metal accumulation and complexation). It also covers the food and beverages industry: dairy products, cereal products, brewing, food additives, fruits and beverages, ripening, meat processing, spoilage and pest control. Production of biomolecules: insulin, interferon, viral antigens, growth hormones, rennin, antibiotics, biopolymers, pharmaceutical products, enzymes etc, extraction of enzymes, dyes, perfumes, detergents, and medicinal products is also a major component of this course. The course ends with an introduction to biochemical basis of waste management and pollution control, and covers the different types of waste, sewage and wastewater microbiology, conventional biological wastewater treatment technologies


(activated sludge, fluidized bed reactor processes etc), wetland processes and resource recovery (biogas, biofertilisers).

The course is divided into four major topics as shown below:Industrial microbiology/BiocatalysisMicrobiology of food processing Production and extraction of biochemical substancesBiochemical basis of waste management and pollution control

Course ObjectivesThe objectives of this course are:

To equip students with a basic understanding of industrial biochemical systems and processes necessary for production of products with commercial value.

To equip students with techniques of extracting biochemical substances from biological material in order to add value to these substances

To equip students with basic skills necessary for the production of bioactive compounds To develop an awareness of the role of biochemistry in waste management

Reading ListThe recommended reading will include but not limited to the following text books.

Brock. Biology of Microorganisms (2000 9th edition). Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko and ack Parker. Prentice Hall International, Inc.

Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. (2001 1st edition). Waites, Morgan, Rockey and Higton. Blackwell Scientific Press.

Handbook of Microbiology (1984) Volume V Microbial products.A.I. Laskin, H. A. Lechervalier CRC Press.

Course Outline

Industrial microbiology/Biocatalysis This section will provide an introduction to industrial microorganisms and products, growth and product formation in biocatalysis, characteristics of large-scale fermentations, fermentation scale-up, energy production (ethanol, biogas etc), conversion of sunlight into biomass (bioreactors and biophotolysis), bioextractive metallurgy (microbial leaching, metal accumulation and complexation).

Microbiology of food processingThe food and beverages industry: dairy products, cereal products, brewing, food additives, fruits and beverages, ripening, meat processing, spoilage and pest control.

Production and extraction of biochemical substancesProduction of biomolecules: insulin, interferon, viral antigens, growth hormones, rennin, antibiotics, biopolymers, pharmaceutical products, enzymes etc. Extraction of enzymes, dyes, perfumes, detergents, and medicinal products

Biochemical basis of waste management and pollution controlTypes of waste, sewage and wastewater microbiology, conventional biological wastewater treatment technologies (activated sludge, fluidized bed reactor processes etc), wetland processes, resource recovery (biogas, biofertilisers).

Course Name: Clinical Chemistry and Disease Processes

Course Code: BCH3203 CU=3


Course Description

A study of the biochemical mechanisms of the body in relation to disease. It provides a link between medicine and the basic sciences and employs analytical and interpretive skills to aid the clinician in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. This course is offered as part of the core curriculum for Third Year Biochemistry students.

Course Objectives

The course is aimed at teaching the following: The use of population reference values and markers in laboratory diagnosis and patient care.An understanding of the underlying physiology and clinical manifestations and sequelae of

dysfunction of the vital organs.An understanding of the molecular basis of metabolic disorders and rationale for their

management.To understand the development and markers of neoplastic and immunologic disease

Course OutlineThe course will instil an understanding of the molecular basis of disease from basic biochemistry of biomolecules, homeostasis, metabolism and gene regulation by covering the following areas:

Principle uses of laboratory tests in diagnosis, population reference values, function tests and treatment management.

Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and deregulation in diseaseAbnormalities of metabolism of biomolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids).Molecular basis of inheritance, inborn errors of metabolism and genetic diseases.Neoplasia and immunological diseases

Comparative BiochemistryCourse: Comparative Biochemistry (CU = 2)

Code: BCH3204

Course Content

The course gives a comparative analysis of biochemical diversity and adaptive molecular evolution in living organisms in the areas of:

Protein and Nitrogen metabolism;Respiratory pigmentsInvertebrate biochemistryAerobic/anaerobic adaptive mechanisms;Sterol/steroid functional and structural diversity in eukaryotic cells.

Course Objectives

i. To give species – specific structural variations of common proteins/enzymesii. To give the modes of nitrogenous end-product metabolism in the animal kingdom.

iii. To identify and give the functional properties of oxygen – binding pigments in vertebrates and invertebrates.

iv. To compare the intermediary metabolism of vertebrates with that of terrestrial and marine-based invertebrates.

v. To identify the kinetic components of the control mechanisms in obligate and facultative anaerobes.


vi. To identify the structural and functional differences of sterols and steroids of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and fungi.

Course Outline

i. Collagens; Albumen proteins, Caseins. Cuticular proteins; Chorion proteins, silk proteins; Esterases; phosphatases phospholipases; Nucleases. Ureotelic, uricotelic and ammoniotelic modes of nitrogen metabolism.

ii. Myoglobins, Haemoglobins, Haemocyanins, Haememerythrins.

iii. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in insects, nematodes, crustaceans, mollusks.

iv. PEPCK in aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, succinate/propionate diversion. Pyruvate/lactate dead-end.

v. Sterols of vertebrates, insects, crustaceans, mollusks, porifera, protozoa, plants, fungi; steroid hormones, Ecdysteroids.

References

1. Mahler, H. R. and Cordes, E. H. (1969) Biological Chemistry. Harper and Row, New York.

2. Lehninger, A. L., Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (1992) Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, New York.

3. Evered, D. and Collins, G.M. (1984), Origins and Development of Adaptations. Pitman, London.

Pharmacology and ToxicologyCourse Name: Pharmacology and Toxicology

Course Code: BCH 3205

Course DescriptionThis third year course introduces students to the core principles of pharmacology and toxicology. Pharmacokinetics is discussed with emphasis on the ways in which pH affects the pharmacokinetics of a drug. Students are introduced to the major classes of drugs and the modes of action. Toxicology is discussed with emphasis on the biochemical aspects: biotransformation of drugs and the biochemical basis of toxicity.

Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course students should be able to:

1. Describe the pharmacokinetics of a drug and the factors that influence it.2. State the properties of a receptor3. Give the criteria used to define a neurotransmitter4. Describe the major neurotransmitters of the peripheral nervous system5. Define “agonists” and “antagonists” and give examples from the human nervous system6. Describe, with examples, neuropeptides7. Describe, with examples, the mode of action of antibiotics8. Describe, with examples, the mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs9. Define toxicology10. Describe the nature of toxic effects with emphasis on the biochemical basis of toxicity11. Outline dose-response relationships12. Explain the application of dose-response relationships13. Describe the factors that influence toxicity


14. Outline routes of exposure and how they affect toxicity15. Discuss the biotransformation of foreign compunds

Reading List

Course Outline Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics: definition of pharmacokinetics. Absorption: different sites of absorption, pH-partioning, factors that affect absorption. Distribution: Plasma-protein binding and other factors that affect distribution. Entry of drugs into special tissues: the brain and the foetus. Elimination of drugs: introduction to metabolism of drugs. Excretion in urine: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion. Other routes of elimination. Pharmacodynamics: Receptors. Neurotransmitters. The adrenergic and cholinergic nervous systems; serotonin, histamine, agonists and antagonists of each of these neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides. Antobiotics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ToxicologyDefinition. Nature of toxic effects: inflammation, necrosis, enzyme inhibition; biochemical uncoupling and redox cycling; lethal synthesis; lipid peroxidation; covalent binding; receptor interaction; immune-mediated hypersensitivity interactions; immunosuppression; neoplasia; heritable changes; developmental and reproductive toxicity; receptor-mediated events; disturbance of function of excitable membranes; altered Ca2+ homeostasis. Dose-response relationships: ED50 and LD 50. Therapuetic index and margin of safety. Interpretation and application of dose-response curves. Factors influencing toxicity: species and strain; age; nutritional status; time of dosing; environmental factors; exposure characteristics; formulation and presentation. Factors influencing systemic toxicity: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination. Routes of exposure: peroral, percutaneous, inhalation. Biotransformation of xenobiotics. Phase I reactions: Oxidation: cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase. Monoamine oxidases. Peroxidases. Reduction reactions. Hydrolysis. Hydration. Phase II (conjugation) reactions: type I and type II. Sulphation, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, acetylation, amino acid conjugation, methylation. Factors affecting metabolism: Species; sex; genetic factors; environmental factors; pathological state; age; diet. Intoxication vs detoxication. Tissue specificity of toxicity.


DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY

Hydrogeology1. Course Name: Hydrogeology2. Course Code: GLO 22043. Course Description

This is an introductory course in hydrogeology. It looks at groundwater within the hydrologic cycle. Basic aspects are considered of the occurrence of groundwater; different hydrogeological formations; abstraction using wells; groundwater flow concepts; groundwater exploration techniques; well hydraulics and aquifer tests from pumped wells. Finally it ends with the chemical quality and pollution aspects of groundwater.

The course is divided into the following six major topics:Groundwater FlowHydrogeological EnvironmentsWater WellsGroundwater ExplorationWell HydraulicsGroundwater Chemistry and Pollution


The objectives of the course are:To understand the importance of groundwater and its position in the hydrological cycle.To know and discuss the basic groundwater concepts.To describe and demonstrate the different hydrogeological environments.To identify main well construction and groundwater access methods.To use common scientific methods to explore for groundwater.To solve and apply regional groundwater flow problems.To discuss and interpret hydraulics of groundwater flow to pumped wells.To determine groundwater chemical quality and pollution requirements.

6. Reading List

The reading list will include but not limited to the following texts:

Cook, P. G., (2003). A Guide to Regional Groundwater Flow in Fractured Rock Aquifers. CSIRO, Australia. 115p.

Driscoll, F.G., (1986). Groundwater and Wells (2nd Edn.). Johnson Filtration Systems Inc., Minnesota. 1089p.

Fetter, C.W., (2001). Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edn.). MacMillan, New York, NY.Hamill, L and Bell, F.G., (1986). Groundwater Resource Development. Butterworths, London. 344p.Hudak P.F., (2000). Principles of Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,

USA. 204p. Kruseman, G.P. and Ridder, N.A., (1970). Analysis and evaluation of pump test data. International

Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, 1970. Bulletin 11.MacDonald, A., Davies, J, Calow, R. and Chilton, J. (2005). Developing Groundwater: A guide for

Rural Water Supply. ITDG Publishing. 358p.Todd, D.K., (1976). Groundwater Hydrology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. 535p.USEFUL NOTES: M. Owor Lecture Notes.

7. Course Outline


Groundwater and the Hydrologic CycleThe Origin Of Groundwater, The Hydrologic Cycle, Hydrologic Budget

Occurrence of GroundwaterAquifers, Aquifer Types, Physical Properties

Hydrogeological FormationsCrystalline Basement Rocks, Consolidated Sedimentary Aquifers, Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifers, Volcanic Terrains, Springs

Water WellsDrilling Methods, Well Construction, Well Development, Water Depth (Level) Measurements

Groundwater FlowHydraulic Gradient, Groundwater Velocity, Darcy’s Law, Flow Nets, Flow Net Boundaries

Groundwater Exploration

Groundwater Surveys, The Most Widely Used Techniques, Geophysical Well Logging, Responsibilities Of The Field Hydrogeologist, Project Reports

Well Hydraulics and Aquifer TestsSteady Flow To Wells, Transient Flow To Wells, Pumping Tests, Slug Tests

Groundwater Quality and PollutionQuality Components Of Groundwater, Composition Of Fresh Groundwater, Sources Of Contamination, Water Quality Standards, Groundwater Sampling, Electrical Conductance And TDS, Solute Transport

Economic Geology

Course Name: Economic Geology

Course Code: GLO 3102

Course Description:

This is an advanced course done in the final year. It requires good background in other courses like

Structural Geology, Tectonics, Rock Forming Processes, Geochemistry and Geophysics. The course is

divided into two parts. Part I deals with the fundamental principles of the genesis of ore minerals. Part II

handles the classic examples of the world-class ore mineral deposits covering all the metals.

The major topics of this course are:

Types and Genesis of Orebodies

Spatial Distribution of Orebodies

Mineral Economics

World-Class Ore Deposits

Course Objectives


These are:

To familiarize with common terminologies in economic geology and mineral exploration.

To understand why certain parts of the earth are mineralized by introducing mineralisation

controls.

To introduce the screens for profitability in mining ventures and mineral markets.

To teach the various types of the major ore deposits and their impact on the economy of the

countries where they occur.

Reading List

Evans, A.M. 2000. Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals, An Introduction; Blackwell Science.

Evans, A.M. 1980. An Introduction to Ore Geology, Vol.2; Elsevier.

Jensen, M.L. and Bateman, A.M., 1981. Economic Mineral Deposits, 3rd Edition; John Wiley, New

York, USA.

Hutchison, C.S.H., 1983. Economic Mineral Deposits and their Tectonic Setting; The MacMillan

Press Ltd.

Peters, W.C. 1987. Exploration and Mining Geology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Barifaijo, E., 2000. Lecture Notes in Economic Geology.

Course Outline

Types and Genesis of Ore Bodies

Ore and gangue minerals, ore reserves, grade and cut-off grade of ore, syngenetic and epigenetic ore

deposits, ore formation processes to include; magmatic, hydrothermal, metamorphic and surface

(sedimentary and volcanic exhalative) processes, modes of formation of ore deposits.

Spatial Distribution of Ore Deposits

Regional metallogeny, Bilibinean school, lineamentist school, global tectonics school, quantitative

metal school, mineral deposits and global tectonic setting.

Mineral Economics

Ore values, recoverable value of a mineral commodity, estimating profitability, metal markets.

World-Class Ore Deposits

Deposits associated with ultramafic and mafic rocks (chromite, precious metals, nickel, titanium,

volcanogenic massive sulphides, carbonatites and kimberlites), deposits associated with intermediate

and acid igneous rocks (mineralized granites, pegmatites, porphyry deposits and alkali granites), skarn

deposits, volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits associated with rhyolites.

Weathering as an ore forming process (laterites, supergene enrichment, placers and evaporites), banded

iron formations (BIFS), sedimentary manganese deposits, manganese nodules, sedimentary carbonate

hosted deposits, mineral deposits hosted by metamorphic rocks.


1. Course Name: Engineering and Environmental Geology2. Course Code: GLO 22063. Course Description

This introductory course provides an understanding of how earth materials are described and classified for engineering purposes. It introduces students to the fundamental aspects of soil mechanics, classification and properties of rock and soils; methods of site investigations for and role of geology in various engineering project; identification and mitigation of geologic hazards, methods of laboratory and in-situ testing of geological materials. Identification and remediation of earth hazards will focus on problems in slope stability, earthquakes and volcanic activity. The course will also cover water, air and soil pollution.

The course is divided into the following major topics:

Engineering properties of soil/rock materials and soil/rock masses. Stages of geotechnical site investigation. Engineering geological evaluation of dam and reservoir sites, transportation routes, building

foundations and tunnels. Introduction to rock and soil slope stability. Introduction to earthquakes, earthquake induced hazards, volcanicity, their effects and possible

mitigation measuresWater, air and soil pollution

4. Course objectives

The objectives of the course are to:

Introduce the subject of engineering geology. Give a basic understanding of rock and soil mechanics, and rock-mass and soil-mass engineering

properties, and laboratory testing, as they relate to engineering projectsEnable students to understand the importance of geology in site investigation and characterisation

in engineering projectsIntroduce natural geologic and human induced environmental hazards and possible remedial

measures.

7. Reading List


Beavis, F.C. (1985): Engineering Geology: Blackwell.Bell, F.G. (1983): Fundamentals of Engineering Geology Bell, F.G. (1993): Engineering Geology: BlackwellBroomhead,E.N. (1986): The Stability of Slopes: Chapman and Hall.

Butterworth & Co.Craig, R.F. (1983): 3rd ed. Soil Mechanics, Van NostrandGSA (Engineering Div.) (1968): Engineering Geology Case Histories 6-10.

Hunt, R.E. (1984): Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual. McGraw Hill.

Legget, R.F. (1962): Geology and Engineering Mcgraw Hill.Legget, R.F. (ed).(1982): Reviews in Engineering. Geol. Vol.V. Geology Under Cities.Maclean and Gribble (1979): Geology for Engineers. George Allen & Unwin.Montgomery, C.W. (1989): Environmental GeologySmith, G.N. (1982): 5th ed. Elements of Soil Mechanics for Civil and Mining Engineers,

GranadaUseful notes: Lecture Notes by A. Muwanga


7.Course Outline

Engineering properties of geological materials

General, mechanics of soils, geotechnical significance of soils, mechanical properties of rocks, discontinuities and their engineering effects, engineering significance of rocks, weathering and engineering effects

Stages of site investigation

Objectives, stages of a site investigation; engineering geological maps, site investigation methods, subsurface investigations; geotechnical logging, sampling, field measurements, geophysical surveys

Water reservoirs and damsIntroduction, terminology and definitions; classification of dam types; forces acting on a dam; dam site investigation – geological assessment, geotechnical investigation, seismic assessment, field investigation: causes of dam failure; case histories.

Transportation Routes

Introduction, geological requirements on the design of transportation routes, terrain evaluation for highway projectsBuilding foundations

Demand of structures on foundations, factors affecting performance of a foundationUnderground excavations - TunnelsIntroduction, terminology and definitions, types and uses of underground structures, site investigations for tunnels, geological conditions and tunnelling, water in tunnels.Rock slope stabilitySlope Terminology; causes of slope movements; engineering classification of slope movements; modes and causes of slope failures; basic mechanics of slope failure; methods of slope stabilisation.

Introduction to earthquakes, earthquake induced hazards, volcanicity, their effects and possible mitigation measures

Earthquake intensity and magnitude; effects of earthquakes; volcanic activity; beneficial and adverse effects; prediction of volcanic eruptions.

Water air and soil pollutionAtmospheric pollution: air pollutants – primary and secondary pollutants, pollutant transformation and removal. Water pollution: sources of pollution, attenuation of pollution; water quality, monitoring groundwater quality. Soil pollution: introduction, sorption and retention of pollutants.

Prospecting and Mining Geology

1. Course Name: Prospecting and Mining Geology2. Course Code: GLO 31063. Course Description

This course introduces students to exploration procedures for mineral deposits. It also covers methods as well, as tonnage and grade calculations for ores. In addition, different prospecting methods are covered. The students are also introduced to different mining and ore dressing methods and mineral economics.



Mineral exploration programmeExploration guidesMineral prospecting methods and samplingMining methodsOre dressingMineral economics



provide an understanding of some of the concepts necessary for mineral explorationdiscuss the various mineral prospecting methodsgive an overview on the different mining and ore dressing methods and emphasise the need to work in

a safe working environmentintroduce students to mining economics

7. Reading List


McKinstry H. E. (1962): Mining Geology; Prenctice HallLacy, W.C. (ed) (1983): Mining Geology; Hutchnison RossThomas, L. J. (1979): An Introduction to Mining; Robert BurtonPeters,W.C.(1987): Exploration and Mining Geology; J. Wiley

Lecture Notes by A. MuwangaLecture Notes in Mining and Engineering Geology by Hassan-el-Etr

7.Course Outline

Mineral Exploration programme. Introduction, definitions, the Sequential Exploration Model – discussion of the different stages

Exploration guides

Physiographic guides, structural guides, lithologic and stratigraphic guides, mineralogic guides, alteration

Mineral prospecting methods and sampling

Geologic mapping, geochemical prospecting, geophysical prospecting, sampling, tonnage and grade calculations

Mining methods

Factors affecting choice of a mining methodSurface mining - hydraulic mining, dredging, mineral sands mining, open pit mining, strip/contour mining, quarryingUnderground mining - with naturally supported openings, with artificially supported openings, caving methods, Solution mining and Mine safety


Ore dressing

Definitions, handpicking, gravity methods, magnetic methods, flotation, amalgamation, cyanidation, bio-leaching

Mineral economics

Ore reserves, ore values, profitability; life cycle of a mine.

Mineral Exploration and Mining Methods

Course Name: Mineral Exploration and Mining Methods

Course Code: GRM 2102

Course Description

The course introduces mineral exploration and mining methods. It focuses on the exploration of ore

deposits from desk studies up to harnessing of the mineral deposit. The various methods of exploration are

treated in detail. Methods of sampling of ore, grade and tonnage calculations are also tackled, culminating

into the various mining methods and examples of classic ore deposits world-over.


Stages of Mineral Exploration

Feasibility Studies

Mineral Exploration Methods

Sampling of Ore, Grade and Tonnage Calculations

Mineral Economics

Mining Methods and Effect on Environment

Course Objectives

The course objectives are:

To inculcate knowledge of mineral exploration to the students which is the mainstay of any

Geologist searching for mineral resources.

To acquire skills of carrying out feasibility studies which eliminate unviable economic deposits

and qualify viable ones.

To learn to quantify the ore deposits.

To introduce methods of projecting profitability in mining ventures and search for mineral

markets.

To identify the different mining methods and their environmental impacts.

Reading List

Evans, A.M., 2000. Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals, An Introduction; Blackwell Science.

Kreiter, V.M., 1968. Geological Prospecting and Exploration; Mir Publishers.

Lacy, W.C. 1983. Mining Geology; Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co.


Peters, W.C. 1987. Exploration and Mining Geology, 2nd Edition; John Wiley and Sons.

Rose, A.W., Hawkes, H.E. and Webb, J.S., 1979. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, 2nd

Edition; Academic Press.

de Smeth, 1990. Exploration Geochemistry, ITC, Delft, The Netherlands.

Thomas, L.J., 1979. An introduction to Mining; Metheum of Australia.

Westerhof, A.B., 1992. An Introduction to Exploration Design and Strategy, ITC, Delft, The

Netherlands.

Barifaijo, E. 2004. Lecturer Notes.

Course Outline

Stages of Mineral Exploration

History of mineral exploration, ore, gangue and industrial minerals, sequential exploration model (desk

studies, area selection, target generation, prospect generation, sizing prospects, evaluation).

Feasibility Studies

Planning (external factors and socio-economic controls), External factors (mining method, transportation of

mineral commodities, availability of infrastructure, labour, environmental concerns and climate), socio-

economic factors (political stability, environmental pollution and Government controls e.g. taxes,

compensation etc., trade unions). Evaluation of reserves and metallurgical tests, market studies and

operating costs.

Mineral Exploration Methods

These will dwell essentially on geochemical methods as geophysical methods will be covered in course

GRM 2203.

Overview of geochemical exploration, geochemical anomalies, concentration factor, geochemical cycle,

pathfinder elements, Clarke’s average abundance of elements in the earth’s crust, lithogeochemical surveys,

soil geochemistry, biogeochemistry, geobotany, stream sediment geochemistry, heavy minerals in

exploration, geochemical maps, hydrogeochemistry.

Sampling of Ore, Tonnage and Grade Calculations

Channel sampling, chip sampling, muck sampling, car sampling, pitting, trenching, auger drilling, banka

drilling and diamond drilling, Assaying, grade, volume and tonnage calculations.

Mineral Economics

Ore values, recoverable value of a mineral commodity, estimating profitability.

Mining Methods

General terminologies used in mining, underground mining methods (sublevel mining, longhole open

stoping, shrinkage stoping, cut and fill stoping, block caving, room and pillar mining), surface mining


(open cast, strip, solution, and in-situ leaching) mining methods, factors affecting the selection of mining

methods.

Groundwater Dynamics1. Course Name: Groundwater Dynamics2. Course Code: GRM 21063. Course Description

This is an introductory course on the dynamics of groundwater. It introduces students to the significance of groundwater in the hydrological cycle; recharge mechanisms, basic groundwater concepts, hydrogeological environments, natural regional flow with analytical and graphical solutions. It finally looks at well hydraulics during groundwater flow to pumped wells.

The course is divided into the following four major topics:Groundwater in the hydrological cycleHydrogeological environmentsGroundwater FlowWell Hydraulics

Course Objectives

The objectives of the course are:To understand the importance of groundwater and its position in the hydrological cycle.To know and discuss the basic groundwater concepts.To describe and demonstrate the different hydrogeological environments.To solve and apply regional groundwater flow problems.To discuss and interpret hydraulics of groundwater flow to pumped wells.

Reading List


Domenico, P. A. and Schwartz, F. W. (1998). Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 506p.

Driscoll, F.G. (1989). Groundwater and Wells (Second Edition). Johnson Filtration Systems Inc., Minnesota. 1089p.

Fetter, C.W., 2001. Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edn.). MacMillan, New York, NY.Hamill, L and Bell, F.G. (1986). Groundwater Resource Development. Butterworths, London. 344p.Hudak, P.F. (2000). Principles of Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, USA. 204p. Kearey, P. and Brooks, M. (1984). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Scientific

Publications, Oxford. 296p. Kruseman, G.P. and Ridder, N.A. (1970). Analysis and evaluation of pump test data. International

Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, 1970. Bulletin 11.MacDonald, A., Davies, J, Calow, R. and Chilton, J. (2005). Developing Groundwater: A guide for

Rural Water Supply. ITDG Publishing. 358p.Todd, D.K. (1976). Groundwater Hydrology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. 535p.USEFUL NOTES: M. Owor Lecture Notes.

7. Course Outline

IntroductionWhy Study Groundwater, Groundwater In Hydrological Cycle. The Origin of water, Recharge.


Groundwater Basics

Aquifer Types, Water Table Definitions, Aquifer Parameters, Aquifer Properties, Physics Review, Sedimentology Review, Hydrology Review, Darcy's Law, Darcy Experiment, Head, Rock Properties.

Hydrogeological EnvironmentsCrystalline Basement Rocks, Consolidated Sedimentary Aquifers, Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifers, Volcanic Terrains.

Regional Flow And Flow Nets

Vertical Averaging, Flow Equation, Flow Nets.

Well HydraulicsRadial Flow, Steady Confined Flow, Transient Confined Flow, Non-Ideal Aquifers, Single Well Tests, Designing Well Tests, Summary.

Minerals of Uganda

1. Course Name: Minerals of Uganda

2. Course Code: GRM 2204

3. Course Description

The course teaches all the ore, industrial minerals and economically viable rocks that exist in Uganda. It

also touches on the geological setting in which the minerals are found. The contribution of these minerals

to the economy of Uganda is emphasized.


Brief on the Geology and Metallogeny of Uganda

Chronology of Mining in Uganda

Mineral Rights, Licensing Procedures, Mining Act and Mineral Policy of Uganda

Industrial Minerals and Rocks in Uganda

Course Objectives

To introduce the geology of Uganda and its containment of the mineral resources.

To enlighten on the institutional framework and legislation of the mineral sector in Uganda.

To make inference on the ore, industrial minerals and rocks found in Uganda

To lay emphasis on the contribution of the minerals to the economy of Uganda.

Reading List

Barifaijo, E. and Kabanda, F. 2001. Mining and current mineral target areas of Uganda;

Documenta Naturae No. 136.

Barnes, J.W. 1961. The mineral resources of Uganda; Geological Survey and Mines

Department.

Hester, B.W. and Boberg, W., 1996. Uganda Opportunities for Mining Investment.


Mboijana, S.A., Odida, J., Watuwa Bwobi, Tuhumwire, J.T. and Katto, E., 1998. Proceedings

of the symposium on investment in the Mining Sector in Uganda; Geological Survey and

Mines Department.

Migisha, C.J.R. and Konishi, K., 1995. The genesis of the Hima limestone deposit, SW

Uganda; Berliner Geowiss, Abh., A175.

Prast, B., Scott, A. and Forrest, M., 1996. Uganda renaissance in mining, country

supplement; Mining Journal Ltd, London, UK.

Barifaijo, E., 2004, Lecture notes part 1

Barifaijo, E., 2004, Lecture notes part II.

Course Outline

Brief on the Geology and Metallogeny of Uganda

Archaean (Basement Complex, Nyanzian-Kivirondian system) geology, Proterozoic geology (Buganda-

Toro, Karagwe-Ankolean, Bukoban, Karoo and Mozambiquean systems), Western Rift System,

metallogeny.

Chronology of Mining in Uganda

History of mining in Uganda, Future prospects in minerals and mineral-related investment, geological data

bases, role of the Department of Geological Survey and Mines.

Mineral Rights, Licensing Procedures, Mining Act and Mineral Policy of Uganda

Mineral Rights, Mining Rights, Possession, Purchase and Sale of Minerals, other mineral related licences

(Blaster’s certificate, Water permits and rights), licence procedures, Mining Act, 2003 and Mineral Policy

of Uganda.

Ore Minerals of Uganda

Base metals and ferroalloys, cobaltiferous pyrites, precious metals, chromium, nickel, tin, tungsten and

pegmatite minerals.

Industrial Minerals and Rocks of Uganda

Industrial minerals and rocks and their geological provinces, carbonatites, sedimentary carbonate rocks,

clays, phosphates, feldspars, kaolin, rock salt, gypsum, talc, silica sand, vermiculite, dimension stone, sand,

volcanic rocks, gemstone potential.

Well Construction and Monitoring1. Course Name: Well Construction and Monitoring2. Course Code: GRM 31013. Course Description


This is an introductory course on well construction and monitoring. It introduces various methods for accessing groundwater. It also covers analytical methods for minimising aquifer and well losses from pumped water wells. It provides different well designs, construction (shallow and deep wells) and maintenance methods. In addition spring construction and protection are illustrated. Groundwater monitoring and development techniques are also studied. Finally, the roles and responsibilities of the service providers and the community are treated.

The course is divided into the following four major topics: Water Well Design Water Source Construction and Maintenance Groundwater Monitoring and Development Roles and Responsibilities


The objectives of the course are: To understand and assess the appropriate water well designs for efficient water abstraction. To assess the main well construction and maintenance methods. To identify the proper spring construction and protection methods. To use and apply the groundwater monitoring methods and development concepts. To know and discuss the roles and responsibilities of the technical and community.

Reading List



Fetter, C.W., (2001). Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edn.). MacMillan, New York, NY. Hamill, L and Bell, F.G., (1986). Groundwater Resource Development. Butterworths, London.

344p. Hudak P.F., (2000). Principles of Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,

USA. 204p. MacDonald, A., Davies, J, Calow, R. and Chilton, J. (2005). Developing Groundwater: A guide

for Rural Water Supply. ITDG Publishing. 358p. Todd, D.K., (1976). Groundwater Hydrology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. 535p. USEFUL NOTES: M. Owor Lecture Notes.

Course Outline

Accessing GroundwaterSprings, Hand-dug Wells, Boreholes, Collector Wells, Qanat, Infiltration Galleries.

Water WellsExploration & Exploitation wells, Well fields, Aquifer & Well losses, Efficiency.

Well DesignCasing section, Screen section, Gravel pack, Sand trap, Grouting & Sealing, Typical Borehole designs, Pumps, Design Optimisation.

Well Construction & MaintenanceWell Construction Methods (Shallow, Deep, Other Designs), Well Development, Maintenance, and Abandonment.


SpringsHydrogeological Context, Construction.

Groundwater Monitoring and DevelopmentGroundwater Monitoring, Regional Groundwater Development.

Roles and ResponsibilitiesHydrogeologist/Project Engineer, Relationships with Community, Data Collection.

Water Quality and Instrumentation1. Course Name: Water Quality and Instrumentation2. Course Code: GRM 32033. Course Description

This is an introductory course on groundwater quality and instrumentation. Basic aspects of groundwater chemistry are reviewed, followed by the quality components. Groundwater sampling, laboratory analyses, and quality control methods together with quality standards are practically assessed. The necessary field and laboratory instrumentation are also considered. It also covers basic solute transport mechanisms by groundwater. Finally, it treats introductory groundwater chemical pollution sources and remedial measures.

The course is divided into the following four major topics: Groundwater Chemistry and Quality Components Groundwater Sampling and Instrumentation Solute Transport Groundwater Pollution


The objectives of the course are: To understand the chemistry of groundwater and its quality components. To describe and demonstrate the groundwater sampling methods. To appreciate the principles and apply groundwater field and laboratory instrumentation. To discuss and interpret solute transport problems. To assess and map out groundwater pollution sources and plumes.

Reading List


Domenico, P. A. and Schwartz, F. W. (1998). Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 506p.


Fetter, C.W., (2001). Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edn.). MacMillan, New York, NY. Hamill, L and Bell, F.G., (1986). Groundwater Resource Development. Butterworths, London.

344p. Hudak P.F., (2000). Principles of Hydrogeology (2nd Edn.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,

USA. 204p. MacDonald, A., Davies, J, Calow, R. and Chilton, J. (2005). Developing Groundwater: A guide

for Rural Water Supply. ITDG Publishing. 358p. Todd, D.K., (1976). Groundwater Hydrology (2nd Edn.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. 535p. USEFUL NOTES: M. Owor Lecture Notes.


Course Outline

Groundwater ChemistryGroundwater And Surface Water, Groundwater Quality, Basic Principles, Major Ion Chemistry, Applications Of Major Ion Chemistry , Isotope Hydrology

Quality Components Of GroundwaterElectrical Conductance And TDS, Water Quality Standards, Drinking Water

Groundwater SamplingSampling Methods, Result Reliability, Monitoring Frequency, Sample Identity, Laboratory Procedures, Analytical Techniques

Solute TransportTransport Mechanisms

Groundwater Pollution

Natural Causes Of Salination, Unnatural Causes Of Pollution, Examples: Contamination And Remediation

Surface Hydrology1. Course Name: Surface Hydrology2. Course Code: GRM 11023. Course Description

This course introduces students to the basic components of surface hydrology including the components of the hydrological cycle. These are further discussed in detail including evapotranspiration, precipitation, interception, run off and stream flow. Attention is paid to techniques for the measurement and collection of data on the different components. The course also covers hydrographs and their applications in hydraulic engineering for river structures and planning and management of water resources. Water balance is discussed and at the end an overview of the hydrological conditions in Africa is given.


The hydrological cycleEvapotranspirationPrecipitationRunoff and hydrographsStreams and stream flowWater balanceHydrological conditions in Africa



Introduce the basic components of the hydrological cycle.Give a detailed account of the different components (evapotranspiration, precipitation,

interception, run off and stream flow including techniques for their measurements.Introduce hydrographs and highlight how they can be applied to hydraulic engineering and water

resource management.Discuss the water balance model.Give an overview of the hydrological conditions in Africa.


Reading List


Todd, D.K. (1980): Groundwater Hydrology, J. WileyHamill, L. & Bell, F.G. (1986): Groundwater Resources DevelopmentFetter, C. W. (1994): Applied Hydrogeology, Prentice HallRichard, J.C. (1969): Introduction to Physical HydrologyBalek, J. (1983): Development in Water Sciences 18: Hydrology and Water Resources in Tropical Regions, ElsevierUNESCO (1978): Studies and Reports in Hydrology 25: World Water Balance and Water Resources of the Earth

Lecture Notes by A. Muwanga

Course Outline

The hydrological cycle

Definitions, the hydrological cycle, components, reservoirs

Evapotranspiration

Evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration , factors affecting evapotranspiration ; movement of water during evapotranspiration, measurement of evaporation/evapotranspiration, estimation of evaporation/evapotranspiration by calculation

Precipitation

Overview, forms of precipitation, formation of precipitation, types of precipitation, measurement of precipitation- areal precipitation, areal analysis of precipitation data; rainfall Intensity, interception

Runoff and hydrographs

Channel precipitation, depression storage, infiltration, overland flow, shallow subsurface storm flow, groundwater flow ; Hydrographs, hydrograph shape, the Unit Hydrograph, duration curves and their practical applications.

Streams and stream flowStream gauging, discharge measurement, rating curve

Water balanceThe water balance equation, discussion of components. Hydrological conditions in AfricaPrecipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and river discharges – discharges in the different river basins

Industrial Minerals

1. Course Name: Industrial Minerals2. Course code: GRM 12023. Course Description:

The course basically tries to elucidate geological/industrial materials in Uganda (eg. rocks, mineral liquid and gas) which are obtained by mining (in its broadest sense) and represents non-metallic, non-fuel raw materials of commercial value. These include, limestone, rock salt, phosphate, clays, vermiculite, etc. The course is divided into the following major topics:

o Introduction to industrial minerals


o Place and valueo Industrial minerals and national economyo Creation of market through political resources o Industrial mineral resources in Ugandao Potential of Ugandan raw materials


To acquire knowledge on what industrial minerals are, their uses, and location. How to extract these industrial minerals in an environment friendly way. Possible marketing of these materials.

5. Reading List

Manning, D.A.C, (1995). Introduction to industrial minerals. Chapman and hall, 278P.

Katto, E, (1997). Industrial mineral resources and their development for the 21st

century; Proceedings of the symposium on investment opportunities in the mining sector in Uganda, P77-88.

Kyagulanyi, D. (1997). The potential for a dimension stone industry in Uganda. Proceedings of the symposium on investment opportunities in the mining sector in Uganda P89-94

6. Course Outline

Introduction to industrial minerals Place and value Industrial minerals and national economy Creation of market through political resources Industrial mineral resources in Uganda Potential of Ugandan raw materials

Classification and Geotechnical Properties of Rocks and Soils

1. Course Name: Classification and Geotechnical Properties of Rocks and Soils2. Course Code: GRM 12063. Course Description

This is a basic course introducing students to classification and geotechnical properties of geological materials. It covers mechanical properties of rocks and soils and factors that control them and how they affect engineering structures and design. It also introduces the concept of rock mass rating. It also includes weathering and its implications on rock strength.

The course is divided into the following major topics:Origin and deposition of soilsIntroduction to soil mechanicsGeotechnical significance of soilsMechanical properties of rocksRock mass classificationWeathering



Recognise the difference between geological and geotechnical classification of geologic materials


Introduce the basic properties of geologic materialsRecognise the geotechnical significance of rocks and soils in civil engineeringLay a foundation for advanced courses dealing with civil engineering projects.

Reading List


Bell, F.G. (1983): Fundamentals of Engineering Geology. ButterworthsBell, F.G. (1993): Engineering Geology. BlackwellGoodman, P. (1976); Methods of Geological EngineeringHarvey, J. C. (1981): Geology for Geotechnical Engineers, Cambridge

Smith, G.N. (1982): Elements of Soil Mechanics for Civil and Mining Engineers. Granada


Course Outline

Origin and deposition of soils

Formation of soils – physical processes, chemical processes, soil formation methods, soils profiles

Introduction to soils mechanics

Basic and index properties of soils, engineering description and classification of soils – soil particles, plasticity and consistency limits, classification systemsPractical

Geotechnical significance of soilsEngineering behaviour of: granular soils, silts, clays, tropical soils

Mechanical properties of rocksRock material description, index and engineering properties, factors controlling mechanical behaviour of rocksPractical

Rock mass classificationPrinciples, classification based on intact rock; classification based on rock mass, rating concept

WeatheringWeathering grades for rock materials. Scale of weathering grades of rock masses

Site Investigations for Engineering Structures1. Course Name: Site Investigations for Engineering Structures2. Course Code: GRM 21053. Course Description

This course introduces students to geological requirements for site investigations for engineering structures. It covers organisation and design of site investigation as well as techniques of mapping and sub-surface explorations. It also tackles geotechnical testing as well as what is required for a site investigation report.



Organisation and design of a site investigationInvestigation methods and proceduresSampling Testing techniquesLand classification and terrain evaluationSite investigation report writing



Provide skills in planning and design of a site investigationEquip students with knowledge on ythe various exploration techniques in site investigationIntroduce students to writing site investigation reports

Reading List


Hunt, H.E. (1984): Geotecnical Engineering Investigation Manual. McGraw HillBell, F.G. (1993): Engineering Geology, BlackwellHarvey, J. C. (1981): Geology for Geotechnical Engineers, CambridgeGoodman, P. (1976); Methods of Geological EngineeringLecture Notes by A. Muwanga

Course OutlineOrganisation and design of a site investigation

Introduction, human activities and the geologic interface, objectives, stages, scope and planning of site investigations, phases of site investigation,

Investigation methods and procedures

Exploration - surface mapping, site reconnaissanceSub-surface exploration - exploration methods, reconnaissance methodsEngineering geological maps

Sampling techniquesTest and core borings - drilling terminology, dry drilling, drilling with circulatory fluids, borehole remote sensing and logging, groundwater and seepage detection, extraction and storage of core, recovery of soil samples and cores, data presentation Testing techniques Measurement of properties Laboratory testing – basic and index properties – intact rock – hardness, durability tests; rock masses – rippability, shear strengthHydraulic properties In situ testing – direct shear strength, in situ compression test, plate loading testField instrumentation – surface movements, in situ pressures and stresses, pore water pressures

Land classification and terrain evaluationLand elements, land facets, land systems

Site Investigation reportsIntroduction , report content,


Materials for construction and Building1. Course Name: Materials for construction and Building2. Course code: GRM 22023. Course Description:

The course generally defines the building and construction materials used by man, his involvement with all aspects of the mineral industry i.e. from extraction to utilization. It introduces students fundamental aspects of identification of geologic origin and distribution of earth materials. This includes physical classification and interpretation of the processes of emplacement and modifications. The course is divided into the following major topics:

Introduction to building materials. Influence of geology on foundation design. Engineering properties of soils Soil mechanics

Course Objectives

o Introduce the building and construction materialso Give a basic understanding on how geology interacts with other science disciplines to

assure the best product quality.o Enable students to understand the importance of geology in site investigation and characterization

in engineering projects

Reading List

Lee, I.K., (1983). Geotechnical Engineering, Pitman Publishing Theo, London, 508P.

Road Research Laboratory, (1951). Soil Mechanics for Road Engineers, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, 541P.

Craig, R.F. (1990). Soil Mechanics, Van Nostrand Reinhold (UK) Co. Ltd, London, 419P

Prentice, J.E. (1990). Geology of Construction Materials, Chapman and Hall, London, 202P

Manning, D.A.C, (1995). Industrial Minerals, Chapman and Hall, London, 275P. Bell, F.G., (1993). Engineering Geology, Blackwell Science Ltd, London, 359P


Course Outline

Introduction to building materials. Influence of geology on foundation design. Engineering properties of soils Soil mechanics Soil characterization Soil profile Examples relating soil properties Compaction of soils Compaction energy Physical geology and relationship between engineering and geology

Environmental Geochemistry I

1. Course Name: Environmental Geochemistry I2. Course Code: GRM 22053. Course Description

This is the first of two parts of environmental geochemistry. It introduces students to how natural and some mad-made pollutants are disseminated in the environment. It covers topics including ecosystems, physical processes affecting contaminant fate, dispersion and transport in the physical environment, types and kinds of pollution, global warming and climate change, water pollution, radioactivity and mineral nutrients.


Ecosystems Physical processes affecting contaminant fate and transport in terrestrial and water environments Mechanical and biological dissemination of contaminants Pollution Types and kinds of pollution Water pollution Global warming and climate change Radioactivity Mineral nutrients



recognise the interwoven nature of the ecosystemintroduce students to natural and man-made effects on the environmnet and human healthpresent the ways in which contaminants move in the different environmental mediaidentify the various sources of pollution and they affect the environment with an emphasis on water introduce the global warming conceptgive an overview of the environmental impacts of radioactivityexplain the importance of some elements to human health

Reading List


Alloway, B.J. & Ayres, D.C. (1997): Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution. Blackie, 395 pp


Fleet, M.E. (ed) (1984): A short Course in Environmental Geochemistry. Mineralogical Association of Canada. 306 pp.Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P. & Brusseau, M.L. (1996): Pollution Science, Academic Press. 397pp Rose, A.W., Hawkes H.E. (1979): Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, Academi Press. 657ppLecture Notes by A. Muwanga

Course Outline

Ecosystems

Functions of an ecosystem, ecosystems as food chains, terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, ecosystem processes

Physical processes affecting contaminant fate and transport in terrestrial and water environments. Water in soil and groundwater; movement of water in soil and groundwater – saturated flow, unsaturated flow, transient flow; movements of contaminants in soil and groundwater

Mechanical and biological dissemination of contaminantsMechanical factors, biological factors, effect of the environment on dispersion

PollutionSources of pollution, point and non-point sources

Types and kinds of pollution: Atmospheric pollution, types of atmospheric pollution; Water pollution – inorganic water pollutants, organic water pollutants; petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds; acid rain

Global warming and climate changeCauses, health and environmental effects

RadioactivityBasics; radionuclides; ionising and non-ionising radiation, environmental and health effects of some types of radiation

Mineral nutrientsMacronutrients and micronutrients and their importance to human health

Environmental Geochemistry II

1. Course Name: Environmental Geochemistry II2. Course Code: GRM 3104 3. Course Description

This is the second of two courses on environmental geochemistry. It introduces the different chemical processes occurring in the surficial environment. It further covers the chemical environmental impacts of mining with possible remedial measures and goes on to give a detailed account on the behaviour and environmental/health effects of various metals. An overview of the effects of hydrocarbon contaminants in soils and groundwater is also given.

The course is divided into the following major topics:Chemical processes in the surface environment. Behaviour of heavy metals in the environment Occurrence, chemistry uses and environmental effects of selected metals. Environmental effects of mining. Hydrocarbons in soil and groundwater




Introduce the different chemical processes occurring in the surficial environment.Outline the behaviour of selected metals in the environment including their environmental and

health effects.Provide knowledge on the impacts of mining with suggestions of some remedial measuresGive an overview of the effects of hydrocarbon contaminants in soil and groundwater.

Reading List


Alloway, B.J. & Ayres, D.C. (1993); Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution, BlackieFergusson, J. E. (1990); The heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, PergamonBowie, S.H.U. & Thornton, I. (eds.) (1984): Environmental Geochemistry and Health, KluwerFoerstner, U. & Wittmann, G.T.W. (1979): Metal pollution in the Aquatic Environment, SpringerSengupta, M. (1992): Environmental Impacts of Mining; Monitoring, Restoration and Control, LewisSalomons, W. & Förstner, U. (1984): Metals in the Hydrocycle. Springer.


7.Course Outline

Chemical processes in the surface environmentInfluence of bedrock on weathering. chemical factors influencing redistribution of elements; behaviour of heavy metals in the environment -

Behaviour of heavy metals in the environmentGeneral properties, biochemical properties of heavy metals, sources of heavy metals; environmental media affected , behaviour of metal pollutants in the environment;

Occurrence, chemistry uses and environmental effects of selected metalsOccurrence, chemistry, uses, emission into the environment, sources and potential exposure, environmental and health effects of the following metals: As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb., Mn, Hg, Ni, Ser, U, Zn.

Environmental effects of miningAcid mine drainage, acid generation, remedial measures, mitigation measures; mining impacts on social / cultural aspects, remedial measures

Hydrocarbons in soil and groundwaterBTEX, fate and transport, contaminant properties, routes of intake; Non Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPL), NAPL detection and characterisation, remediation techniques.

Transportation Routes, Tunnels, Dams and Reservoirs

1. Course Name: Transportation Routes, Tunnels, Dams and Reservoirs2. Course Code: GRM 32013. Course Description

This is a detailed course exposing students to geological site investigations carried out for civil engineering projects of transportation routes, tunnels, dams and reservoirs. It includes surveying for route selection, foundation investigations and location of materials for transportation routes. It


also covers surveying for, construction methods of and groundwater problems in tunnels as well as types of dams, geological requirements and materials of construction for dams.

As from the title, the course is divided into three major topics:

Transportation routesTunnels and underground excavationsDams and reservoirs.



Recognise that civil engineering structures covered in this course are founded on geological materials.

Highlight the complementary role played by geology in enhancing stability and safety of civil engineering structures.

Give a step by step process of site investigations for the civil engineering projects covered in the course.

7. Reading List


Legget, R.F. (1967): Geology and Engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Co.Attewell , P.B. & Farmer, I.W. (1976): Principals of Engineering Geology, Chapman & HallGSA (1982): Reviews of Engineering Geology: Geology under CitiesGSA (1968): Engineering Geology Case Histories 6 – 10Road Research Laboratory (1961): Soil Mechanics for Road EngineersTechnical Manuals of US Army Corps of Engineers (Internet)


7.Course Outline

Transportation routes

Definitions, route selection, flexible pavements, subgrades, bituminous pavements, drainage of pavements.

Tunnels and underground excavations

Terminology, geotechnical investigation of tunnels, construction of shafts and tunnels, excavation by drilling and blasting, ground support, drainage and control of groundwater, construction of tunnel linings, ventilation of shafts and tunnels, construction hazards and safety requirements.

Water reservoirs and dams

Introduction, terminology and definitions; types of dams, site investigation – geological assessment, geotechnical investigation, seismic analysis, field investigation; arch dams – foundation investigations, instrumentation; gravity dams – site selection, construction materials; earth/rockfill dams – earth embankments and foundations; embankment slope stability;: causes of dam failure; case histories.

Structural Geology and Geotectonics


1. Course Name: Structural Geology and Geotectonics2. Course Code: GLO21023. Course Description

Structural geology and geotectonics is a full-fledged course which introduces a student to, and offers an in-depth overview of the different aspects of this branch of Geology. It is subdivided and taught in 5 major parts namely:

Introduction and primary rock structures Mechanics of deformation Secondary rock structures Geotectonics Practical


The objectives of this course are: To offer an understanding of the background and scope of structural geology. To unravel the processes involved in the formation of rocks and unveil the criteria that control the

mechanisms of rock deformation To explain the effect of deforming forces on the structure of the rocks and classify the related

structures. To show how the determination of strain in deformed rocks is done. To understand the broad structure of the earth, the processes that have molded it into its present

form and how they are related. To enable the students to identify structures, collect structural data and stereographically analyze it

in order to provide correct interpretations.

Reading List The reading list will include but not be limited to the following texts

Collinson & Thomson D. B.1987. Sedimentary Structures. Davis G. H. 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks. Hobbs, Means & Williams1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. Hills E. S. 1970. Elements of Structural Geology. Jaegar & Cook 1969. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. Park R. G. 1989. Foundations of Structural Geology. Phillips F. C. The Use of Stratigraphic Projection in Structural Geology. 3rd Edition. Price N. J. 1966. Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-Brittle Rock. Ragan M. D. 1985. Structural Geology: An Introduction to Geometric Techniques. 3rd Edition. Ramsay 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. Ramsay 1983. Stress and Strain Analysis.

Course Outline

Scope and nature of geology, primary structures. Stress and strain, rheological behavior of rocks, mechanisms of deformation, folds and

mechanisms of folding, foliations. Failure by rupture: joints, fault and mechanisms of faulting. Structures in intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, salt domes and diapers. Plate tectonics, geosynclines, orogenic belts and rift zones. Practicals: principle of stereographic projection, plotting structural elements, rotations and their

stereographic analysis, beta-diagrams, pi-diagrams, contour/density diagrams, interpretation of contoure/density diagrams

Structural Geology and Tectonics


1. Course Name: Structural Geology and Tectonics2. Course Code: GRM11033. Course Description

Structural geology and geotectonics is a full-fledged course which introduces a student to, and offers an in-depth coverage of the different aspects of this branch of Geology. It is subdivided and taught in 5 major parts namely:

Scope, Nature and primary rock structures Mechanics of deformation Secondary rock structures Geotectonics Practical


The objectives of this course are: To offer an understanding of the background and scope of structural geology. To unravel the processes involved in the formation of rocks and unveil the criteria that control the

mechanisms of rock deformation To explain the effect of deforming forces on the structure of the rocks and classify the related

structures. To show how the determination of strain in deformed rocks is done. To understand the broad structure of the earth, the processes that have molded it into its present

form and how they are related. To enable the students to identify structures, collect structural data and stereographically analyze it

in order to provide correct interpretations.

5. Teaching and Assessment Pattern

Duration of courseThe content of the course will be covered in one 15-week academic semester with three hours of instruction per week and weekly two-hour practical sessions during which the students are guided on methods of structural data analysis and taught to interpret their results accordingly. These sessions may also be used to carry out research for their courseworks or assignments when and if necessary.

6. Reading List The reading list will include but not be limited to the following texts

Collinson & Thomson D. B.1987. Sedimentary Structures. Davis G. H. 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks. Hobbs, Means & Williams1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. Hills E. S. 1970. Elements of Structural Geology. Jaegar & Cook 1969. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. Park R. G. 1989. Foundations of Structural Geology. Phillips F. C. The Use of Stratigraphic Projection in Structural Geology. 3rd Edition. Price N. J. 1966. Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-Brittle Rock. Ragan M. D. 1985. Structural Geology: An Introduction to Geometric Techniques. 3rd Edition. Ramsay 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. Ramsay 1983. Stress and Strain Analysis.

7. Course Outline

Scope and nature of geology, primary structures.


Stress and strain, rheological behavior of rocks, mechanisms of deformation, folds and mechanisms of folding, foliations.

Failure by rupture: joints, fault and mechanisms of faulting. Structures in intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, salt domes and diapers. Plate tectonics, geosynclines, orogenic belts and rift zones. Practicals: principle of stereographic projection, plotting structural elements, rotations and their

stereographic analysis, beta-diagrams, pi-diagrams, contour/density diagrams, interpretation of contoure/density diagrams

Advanced Structural Geology and Geotectonics1 Course Name: Advanced Structural Geology and Geotectonics2 Course Code: MGLO72023 Course Description

This is an advanced course in structural geology, which exposes the student to the different structural features, both micro- and macro-scopic; how they develop, analysis techniques, interpretation of structures with respect to tectonic processes. The practical aspect enables a student to work backward thereby unraveling the deformational history of the rocks.

The course is divided into four as seen below: Rock mechanics Fabrics and structural analysis Geotectonics Practical


To reconstruct the conditions and processes that control the development of complex plastic and brittle deformation systems

To deduce large structures of the earth from small –scale geologic structures To understand the concepts and criteria for rock deformation To understand the structure of the earth and the controls for distribution of the structures. To investigate the concepts of stress, strain, deformation mechanisms and methods of strain

measurement.

Reading list

Collinson & Thomson D. B.1987. Sedimentary Structures. Davis G. H. 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks. Gilbert W.1982. Introduction to small-scale geological structures Hills E. S. 1970. Elements of Structural Geology. Hatcher D. R. 1995. Structural geology: principles, concepts and problems. 2nd edition. Hobbs, Means & Williams1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. Jaegar & Cook 1969. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. Park R. G. 1989. Foundations of Structural Geology. Passchier C. W. and Trouw R. A. J. 1996. Micro-tectonics Phillips F. C. The Use of Stratigraphic Projection in Structural Geology. 3rd Edition. Price N. J. 1966. Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-Brittle Rock. Ragan M. D. 1985. Structural Geology: An Introduction to Geometric Techniques. 3rd Edition. Ramsay 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. Ramsay 1983. Stress and Strain Analysis. Rowland M. S. and Duebendorfer M. E. 1994. Structural analysis and synthesis: A laboratory

course in structural geology. 2nd edition. Suppe J. 1985. Principles of structural geology.

Field Geology and Surveying


1. Course Name: Field Geology and Surveying2. Course Code: GLO22013. Course Description

This is a comprehensive course that introduces and teaches students to the different things that a Geologist is required or expected to do right from the planning stage in the office (desk work) through the fieldwork season at the site to delivery of a complete, clearly understandable final report at the end of a project. It also introduces the students to the different methods, techniques and instruments used to examine and interprete structures and materials in the field.The course is divided into the following:

Planning for a field project Mapping, observing and collecting Report writing Practical


The objectives of this course are: To learn the activities involved in planning for a field project and the preparatory steps taken. To learn the different geologic mapping and surveying techniques To understand the field relations of the different rock types so as to be able to distinguish them

while mapping To know the different methods and equipment used to collect geologic data. To be able to recognize and distinguish between different rock structures. To be able to carry out proper collection, analysis and interpretation of geologic field data.

Reading List The reading list will include but not be limited to the following texts

Clendinning J. & Olliver J.G. 1969. Principles and Use of Surveying Instruments. 3rd Edition. Compton R. R. 1962. Manual of Field Geology. Fry N. 1984. The Field Description of Metamorphic Rocks. Moseley F. 1981. Methods in Field Geology. Ritchie W, Wood, M, Wright R. R. & Tait D. 1988. Surveying and Mapping For Field Scientists. Thorpe R. G. The Field Description of Igneous Rocks.

Course Outline

Planning for a field project: consultation of existing sources of maps, aerial photographs; consideration of resources-funds, personnel and equipment; basic requirements for fieldwork.

Mapping, observing and collecting: methods & equipment for measuring distances, bearings & differences in elevation, maps & control surveys; field relations of sedimentary, igneous & metamorphic rocks; correlating rock units, interpreting complex relations; field recognition of structures; field water investigation; surveying instruments and techniques-compass clinometer levels, theodolite, alidade, altimeter; surveying methods- ground, aerial & remote sensing; geologic mapping techniques; point-fixing methods in field surveys; tacheometry; sampling & data collection.

Report writing: field communications- verbal communications; types & purposes of written communications; preparing geologic reports.

Practicals: use & safety of different equipment; organizing, analysis & interpretation of geologic data

Introduction to Natural Hazards1. Course Name: Introduction to Natural Hazards


2 Course Code: GRM 21013 Course Description

This is an introductory course in natural hazards, introducing students to some of the different types of natural hazards, their geographic distribution, pre-conditions for occurrence, causes and effects. The course is divided into:

Types of natural hazards Landslides Soil erosion


The objectives of this course are: To give an overview of the likely causes and effects of natural hazards. To understand when natural phenomena become hazards and how man can enhance the hazard To distinguish between the different hazard types To introduce students to some of the natural hazards that have occurred (worldwide and locally in

Uganda) and their effects.

Reading List

The reading list will include but not be limited to the following texts:

Bolt A. B., Horn W. L., Mac Donald G. A. & Scott R. F., 1975. Geological Hazards. Selby J. M. 1993. Hillslope Materials and Processes. 2nd Edition. Slossom E. J., Keene G. A. & Johnson A. J., (Editors) 1992: Landslides / Landslide Mitigation. Zaruba Q. & Mencl. V. 1982. Landslides and Their Control. 2nd Edition.

Course Outline

Types of natural hazards- examples of major natural disasters (e.g earthquakes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and floods) in human history and their drastic natural, social and economic effects on society.

Landslides- landslide types, falls, slides, flows, avalanches etc. causes of landslides: internal properties of the earth, geomorphic setting and external factors. Landslide mapping, assessment, prevention and control. Landslide hazards in Uganda.

Soil Erosion: types of soil erosion- rains-plash, sheet-wash, erosion by overland flow, rill erosion, gully erosion. Factors influencing soil erosion, running water and erodibility of soil, erosion features. Soil erosion in Uganda.

Natural Hazards and their Mitigation1. Course Name: Natural Hazards and their Mitigation2 Course Code: GRM 22013 Course Description

This course provides a detailed account of t eh different types of natural hazards, their causes, effects and various possible mitigation measures. The course is divided into:

Earthquake hazards Volcanic eruptions Floods


The objectives of this course are: To explore the different causes of earthquakes, volcanic and flood hazards.


To understand the controls their general geographic distribution. To understand what man can do to mitigate hazards from such natural phenomena. To understand the relationship prevalent between human activities and responses with the extents

of the various hazards.

Reading List The reading list will include but not be limited to the following texts:

Bolt A. B., Horn W. L., Mac Donald G. A. & Scott R. F., 1975. Geological Hazards. Earthquakes and Geological Hazard Prediction: 27th International Geological Congress,

Colloquium 06, Reports vol.6, 1984. Hodgson H. G., 1964. Earthquakes and Earth Structures. Rikitake T. (editor) 1982. Earthquake Forecasting and Warning. Selby J. M. 1993. Hillslope Materials and Processes. 2nd Edition. Slossom E. J., Keene G. A. & Johnson A. J., (Editors) 1992: Landslides / Landslide Mitigation. UNESCO Report 1972. The Surveillance and Prediction of Volcanic Activity: A Review of

Methods and Techniques. UNESCO Report 19782. Natural Hazards: The Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk. Zaruba Q. & Mencl. V. 1982. Landslides and Their Control. 2nd Edition.

Course Outline

Earthquake hazards: neotectonics: active faulting and associated hazards, tectonic models of earth’s crust and distribution and occurrence of earthquakes, earthquake measurement, prediction. Earthquake hazards and land-use planning, siesmic hazard history.

Volcanic eruptions: Relationships to plate tectonics, occurrence and distribution of volcanism, classification and characteristics of volcanoes. hazards associated with volcanic eruptions- ash, rock fragments, lava flows, mud flows (lahars).

Floods: Physical characteristics of floods. Origin of floods: geologic activity and human activity. Floodplain and watershed management. Detailed flood hazards. Zone mapping. Methods of flood control downstream (downstream management)

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS ARE COMMON TO ALL 3 CREDIT UNIT COURSES

Duration of Course

The content of the course will be covered in one academic semester with two hours of instruction per week and a problems session of one hour per week to go over assignments, home-works and tests.

Mode of Instruction Most of the instruction will be lecture-oriented, but students can still interrupt

the instructor and ask some questions Students are encouraged to seek help outside the Lecture Room from fellow

students, the course instructor or from other mathematics instructors. There will be a weekly assignment to be handed in the following week. There will be at least two major homeworks/assignments and at least two

tests.

Responsibility of the Student


Regular attendance; do all assignments, homework, and tests. Seek help outside class hours when in need.

Responsibility of the Course LecturerRegular and punctual teaching; accurate and prompt grading of assignments, homework, tests and examinations and available to assist students after formal lectures.

MTH 1101: Calculus I, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionThis course introduces the two main branches of Calculus: Differential and Integral Calculus. Differential Calculus studies rates of change in one quantity relative to rate of change in another quantity and Integral Calculus studies the accumulation of quantities such as distance travelled or area under a curve. The two processes are inversely related as specified by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Course ObjectivesAt the end of this course the student should be able to:

demonstrate a good overall conceptual understanding of functions and their graphical, numerical, analytical, and verbal representations

state and prove theorems on limits; compute limit of a function identify functions that are continuous compute derivative of a function from first principles apply differentiation to solve real life problems evaluate the definite integral of a function as a limit of Riemann sums apply integration to compute area of region, volume of a solid

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.

Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Calculus with Analytical Geometry, Edwards, C.H. Jr. and Penney, David E., 4th Edition,

Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc., 1994 Calculus Fong Yuen and Wang Yuen: Springer, 1999 Calculus, Dale Varberg and Edwin J. Purcell, Eighth Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2000 Calculus, Dennis D. Berkey and Paul Blanchard, Saunders College Publishing.

Detailed Course Outline

Review of Functions and GraphsRelations, function, domain, range, composition of functions. One-to-one and onto functions. Inverses, graphs of functions

Limits and Continuity The concept of the limit, computation of limits, one-sided limits, limits involving infinity, formal definition of the limit and simple computations, continuity of functions.

DifferentiationThe derivative, the derivative as a function, computation of derivatives, relation between differentiable functions and continuous functions, tangent lines and velocity, the power rule, the product and quotient rules, derivatives of trigonometric functions, derivatives of exponential and


logarithmic functions, the chain rule, implicit differentiation, higher order derivatives, the mean value theorem, Rolles’ theorem, L’Hospital’s rule, increments and differentials

Applications of DifferentiationLinear approximation and Newton’s method, maximum and minimum values [optimization], increasing and decreasing functions, concavity, overview of curve sketching, rates of change, related rates.

Integration Anti-derivatives, Riemann sums, area, the definite integral, the fundamental theorem of Calculus, techniques of integration, the mean value theorem for integrals, average value.

Applications of the Definite Integral Area between curves, volume, surface area of a volume of solid of revolution.

MTH 1102: Linear Algebra I, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionThe course introduces students to vectors, vector spaces, linear transformations and systems of linear equations. Using systems of linear equations, the course explores mathematical properties of a vector space such as linear independence, bases and dimension. Linear transformations are studied as relationships between vector spaces leading to the rank-nullity theorem. The course also introduces students to eigenspaces and diagonalisation.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, students should be able to:

define vector spaces solve linear systems compute eigenvalues, eigenvectors of matrices and diagonalize matrices state and prove the rank-nullity theorem


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Howard Anton; Elementary Linear Algebra Seymour Lipschutz; Theory and Problems of Linear Algebra Gilbert Strang; Linear Algebra and its Applications


General vector spaces Euclidean n-space, matrix space, polynomial space, and function space; subspaces. Solutions of systems of Linear equationsMatrices, Gaussian and Gauss-Jordan elimination, elementary matrices, echelon forms, determinants, Cramer’s rule.

Properties of Vector spacesLinear independence, spanning sets, basis, dimension, row and column spaces, rank.

Linear transformationKernel, range, matrix of linear transformations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization.


MTH 1201: Calculus II, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1101

Course DescriptionThis course is a continuation of Calculus I. In this course integration of a non-continuous function is tackled. Different coordinates systems and the procedure of moving from one to another are studied. Computations are made of various quantities like the equations of lines and planes, the length of an arc and the surface area of a body. Functions of different variables are introduced with easy computations of multiple integrals.


identify and evaluate an improper integral apply polar coordinates to carry out integration of some functions compute the vector equation of a line and plane compute areas of regions and arc lengths compute double and triple integrals.


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Calculus with Analytical Geometry, Edwards, C.H. Jr. and Penney, David E., 4th Edition,

Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc., 1994 Calculus Fong Yuen and Wang Yuen: Springer, 1999 Calculus, Dale Varberg and Edwin J. Purcell, Eighth Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2000 Calculus, Dennis D. Berkey and Paul Blanchard, Saunders College Publishing.


Improper IntegralsForms of improper integrals, divergence and convergence of improper integrals, evaluation of improper integrals

Polar CoordinatesPolar to Cartesian coordinate conversions and vice versa, Sketching of curves given in polar coordinates. Special conics (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in polar coordinates. Arch length, area, and tangents in polar coordinates. Cylindrical and spherical coordinates

Vectors, Lines and Planes Vectors in the plane and in space. Lines in space. The dot product. The cross product. Equations of lines and planes.

Vector valued functionsVectors function, component functions, Limits and continuity. Special curve: helix. Derivatives and integrals, applications to surface areas, volumes and normal. Formulas of arch length and curvature.

Functions of several variables Real valued functions: graphs of real valued functions of several variables, partial Differentiation: partial derivatives, tangent planes and normals, maxima and minima. Double integrals over rectangles, triple integrals, change of order of integration.

MTH1202: Elements of Probability and Statistics, 3CU


Pre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionThis is an introductory course in probability and statistics. It introduces the student to sample spaces, algebra of events, defines probability and gives its axioms. It also covers conditional probabilities, independence of events, Bayes’ theorem and application of combinatorial theory. In addition, random variables and probability distributions are studied. It ends with introduction to the sampling theory and statistical inference.

Course ObjectivesThe objectives of the course are:

To identify common distributions and their applications. To lay a foundation for advanced study in probability and statistics. To make inference on the mean of a normal distribution. To simulate values from these distributions


Walpole, R.E. (1990). Introduction to Statistics, 3rd Edition, Macmillan Publishing co. Inc. New York.

Lawson, W, Hubbard, S. and Pugh, P. Mathematics and Statistics for Business, Longman Scientific and technical.

F. Nabugoomu, Lecture Notes.


Probability Spaces Statistical experiments, sample space, events, operations of set theory, axiomatic definition of probability, computing probabilities, counting methods, usage of results in combinatorial theory in determining probabilities of events; conditional probability, multiplicative rule, independence and mutually exclusive events. Bayes’ Theorem.

Random Variables Concept of a random variables, discrete random variables, continuous random variables, the cumulative distribution function. The mean and variance of a random variable. Mean and variance of a function of a random variable.

Common discrete distributions The Uniform distribution, The Bernouli and Binomial distributions, The Geometric distribution, The Hypergeometric distribution, the Poisson distribution, including the Possion approximation to the Binomial.

Common continuous distributions The uniform distribution, The exponential and chi-square distribution, The normal distribution, the standard normal , areas under the normal curve, applications, normal approximation to the Binomial and Poisson.

Sampling TheorySurvey sampling: why sampling, simple random sampling including a practical example on how to construct a simple random sample. Stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and cluster sampling. Sampling distribution of the mean, including the standard error of the sampling distribution of the mean, practical applications

Methods of Statistical Inference.


Parameter estimation: point and interval estimation of the mean of normal distribution: One sample case. Hypothesis testing.

MTH2101: Real Analysis, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1201

Course DescriptionThis course consists of understanding and constructing definitions, theorems, propositions, lemmas, etcetera and proofs of fundamental ideas/statements in Calculus. It is considered one of the more demanding undergraduate Mathematics courses, but one that every Mathematician should do. The key words in the course are ‘rigor’ and ‘proof.

Course ObjectivesThis course is intended

To impart competence in making rigorous proofs of statements in Mathematics To provide a rigorous development of the fundamental ideas of Calculus To develop the student’s ability to handle abstract ideas of Mathematics and

Mathematical proofs


1. Russell Gordon, Real Analysis: A First Course, Addison-Wesley, 20022. Manfred Stoll, Introduction to Real Analysis, Addison- Wesley, 20003. K. G. Binmore, Introduction to Mathematical Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 4. R. Haggarty, Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, Addison- Wesley, 19935. C. Clark, Elementary Mathematical Analysis, Wadsworth,6. S. H. Nsubuga, Lecture notes: Analysis I Handbook, 19957. Walter Rudin, Principles of Real Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1976.8. F. Mary Hart, Guide to Analysis, Macmillan, 1988.9. J. Kasozi, PJ. Mangheni and MK. Nganda, Real Analysis, ISBN 9970 423 09 410. Dennis D. Berkey and Paul Blanchard, Calculus, Saunders College Publishing.11. Any other relevant textbooks, websites and resources in the library or else where.

Detailed Course Curriculum

Logic and techniques of Proof

Real NumbersWhat is a real number? Absolute values, intervals, inequalities. The Completeness Axiom, countable and uncountable sets, real valued functions, subsets of R – open, closed, bounded, neighborhoods, limit points

Sequences of Real NumbersConvergent sequences, limit theorems, monotone sequences, Cauchy sequences, subsequences

Limits and ContinuityFormal definition of a limit, continuous functions, Intermediate and extreme value theorems, uniform continuity, monotone functions and inverses

DifferentiationThe derivative of a function, Mean value theorems, L’Hospital’s rule, derivatives of higher order, Taylor’s theorem


Series of Real NumbersConvergence of infinite series, convergence tests, absolute and conditional convergence, rearrangements and products, square summable sequences

Sequence and Series of functionsPointwise convergence, Uniform convergence, Uniform convergence and continuity, Uniform convergence and integration, Uniform convergence and differentiation, Power series, Differentiation and Integration of Power series, Taylor and Maclaurin series

Riemann Integral: review, using epsilon definition.

MTH 2102: Probability Theory, 3CU Pre-requisites: MTH1202

Course Description This course focuses on introductory probability and its applications to statistics. It starts with the review of probability spaces, univariate random variables and functions of univariate random variables. It then covers generating functions, joint distributions and the distribution of functions of several random variables. The course ends with the description of the Law of Large Numbers (LLN) and the Central Limit Theorem (CTL).

Course ObjectivesThe objectives of the course are:

To compute moments, moment generating functions and probability generating functions of distributions.

To compute the mean and variance of distributions using the moment and probability generating functions.

To introduce students to multivariate distributions. To calculate covariance and correlation of random variables. To derive distributions of functions of random variables.


Morris H. Degroot: Probability and Statistics, 2nd edition,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

John A. Rice: Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, 2nd edition, Duxbury Press. F. Nabugoomu: Lecture Notes.


Probability spaces and random variables Sample spaces, probability of an event, independent events, conditional probabilities, random variables and distribution, expectations of random variables. The Normal distribution, The Gamma distribution, The Beta distribution.

Generating FunctionsMoments, moment generating functions, probability generating functions, applications to common distributions

Multivariate distributions Joint distributions, conditional distributions, covariance and correlation, conditional expectations

Distributions of functions of random variables


The distribution function technique, the Jacobian technique, the generating function technique, applications to sums, differences, products and quotients of random variables, order statistics: Maxima, minima and the range.

Limiting Theorems Chebyshev Inequality, the Law of Large Numbers, the Central Limit Theorem.

MTH 2103: Ordinary Differential Equations, 3CU Pre-requisites: MTH1201

Course DescriptionThis course introduces the student to various methods for solving first order and second order differential equations and difference equations. The course also covers methods used in power series solutions for the first and second order differential equations and linear equations of nth order. Systems of differential equations are also covered. Applications in Physics, Ecology, Environment and Biology are given.

Course ObjectivesThis course is intended to:

Introduce the students to the methods of formulation of differential equations

Give students skills of solving ordinary differential equations


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer R. Rainville, Elementary Differential Equations Mugisha, J.Y.T, A Course in Ordinary Differential Equations.


First Order differential equationMeaning of a differential equation, definition of terms, solution to a differential equation. Separation of variables, exact equations, test for exactness, first order linear and integrating factor, equation with homogeneous coefficients, equation with linear coefficients, special first order equations: the Bernoulli equation. Different examples from different fields on how to form and solve first order differential equation: the Newton law of cooling, economics models, population growth models, falling bodies, chemical mixture, radioactive decay, evaporation law

Second order and Higher order differential equationsLinear dependence and the Wronskian, theorems on general solution, Abel’s formula, order reduction and their application to solving higher order differential equations. Solution to higher order equation: Equations with constant coefficients, the inverse operator method, the auxiliary equation method. Solving nonhomogeneous equations, the methods of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters. Special higher order equations: the Cauchy-Euler equation Power Series SolutionBasic power series concepts, convergence of a power series and radius of convergence, ordinary and singular points of a differential equation, power series solution about an ordinary point, power series solution near a singular point, the Frobenius method

Systems of first order linear differential equation


Reducing a higher order equation to a system of first order differential equations and vice versa, solving the system by elimination method. The matrix method, eigenvalues method. Solving non homogeneous system of first order equations by method of undetermined coefficient and variation of parameters

Introduction to difference equationsDefinition of a difference equation and terminology. Solution to first order difference equations, introduction to second order constant coefficient equation, linear dependence and the Casoratian

MTH 2104: Linear Algebra II, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1102

Course DescriptionThe course in Linear Algebra II is both skill and application oriented. Having discovered at the end of Linear algebra I that all matrices were not diagonalizable, the course sets out to find the next best thing that could be done for such matrices.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to:

demonstrate basic competence in the concepts, principles, procedures and applications of linear transformations

explain matrix representations of linear transformations. transform matrices of linear mappings from one basis to another explain canonical forms and the invariant subspace decomposition of linear maps. solve problems of approximations in inner product spaces.


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Howard Anton; Elementary Linear Algebra Seymour Lipschutz; Theory and Problems of Linear Algebra


Further Linear transformationsThe theory of matrix representations of linear transformations, linear functionals, duals, singularities.

Canonical FormsElementary canonical forms: characteristic values, annihilating polynomials, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, invariant subspaces, diagonalization. LU, LDLT LDU, PA=LU factorizations, direct sum decomposition, invariant direct sum, Primary Decomposition Theorem.Rational and Jordan Canonical forms: cyclic subspaces and decompositions, invariant factors, companion matrices.

Applications to bilinear formsSymmetric and skew symmetric forms, matrix representations, rank and signature.

Inner Product SpacesInner products in the Euclidean space, projections, Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, Least squares, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizations, QR- factorization, systems of differential equations.


MTH 2105: Classical Mechanics I, 3CU Pre-requisite: MTH1201

Course DescriptionThe course in Classical Mechanics I is an introductory course to the Newtonian mechanics of the dynamics of a particle and systems of particles. The course covers Newton’s laws of motion and their application to stationary and moving bodies such as falling bodies, projectiles and oscillatory motion.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course the student should be able to:

Explain concepts of the mechanics of a particle and systems of particles such as velocity, acceleration, relative velocity, line integral, gradient, divergence and curl of a vector, momentum, work, kinetic /potential energy, conservative forces, stability of equilibrium, centre of mass, virtual work

Solve problems on motion of a particle; in a uniform force field, as a projectile, in a resisting medium, constrained by friction or otherwise

Solve problems on simple, damped and forced oscillatory motion and the simple pendulumSolve changing mass problems

Reading listThe reading List will include but is not limited to the following list:

Murray R Spiegel, Theory and practice of theoretical mechanics (Schaum’s series) F. Baryarama and J.M.Mango. Classical Mechanics, Institute of Adult and Continuing

Education – Makerere University

Detailed Course Outline [not submitted]

MTH 2201: Group Theory, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionThis course is meant to develop the ability to think abstractly, make conjectures and construct rigorous mathematical proofs. It brings to light the basic philosophy, purpose and history behind the development of groups as abstract algebraic structures. It makes one understand how mappings can preserve algebraic structure, and through such mappings, learn how to determine when two seemingly different algebraic structures turn out to be the same (isomorphic).

Course ObjectivesBy the end of this course, the student should be able to:

distinguish a group from other algebraic structuresdraw a Cayley table for any groupstate and prove the Lagrange’s theoremdefine cyclic groups and Abelian groupsdefine conjugacy, centralizers, the centre, normalizers and normal subgroupsState and prove the Isomorphism theoremsState and prove the fundamental theorem of finite Abelian groupsState and prove Sylow’s theoremsDefine simple and soluble groups.



Fraleigh, J.B. (1989). A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Addison-Wesley Kasozi, J. (2003). Abstract Algebra I: Groups. Department of Distance Education, IACE,

Makerere University. Herstein, I.N. (1990). Abstract Algebra. Macmillan Publishing Company.


Elementary Set Theory Sets, Relations, Mappings

Theory of groupsBinary operations, groups, The Cayley (multiplication) table, group properties, subgroups, order of a group, order of an element, cosets, Lagrange’s theorem, cyclic groups, and lattice diagrams.

Permutation groupsDefinition of a permutation, the symmetric group, cycles, transpositions, the alternating group, dihedral groups, and group actions.

Normal Subgroups and Homomorphisms Conjugacy in groups, centralizer, the centre, normalizer, normal subgroup, homomorphisms, the image of a homomorphism, and the kernel of a homomorphism.

Quotient Groups and Fundamental Theorems Quotient groups, the isomorphism theorems, Sylow’s theorems, Cauchy’s theorem, simple groups, and soluble groups.

MTH2202: Complex Analysis, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH2101

Course DescriptionComplex analysis is the branch of mathematics that investigates functions of complex numbers, that is, functions whose independent and dependent variables are both complex numbers. The course extends concepts from the analysis of real valued functions to complex functions. Complex Analysis is of enormous practical use in applied mathematics and in Physics.


Extend concepts of analysis of real variables to complex numbers likes sequences and series.Differentiate and Integrate Complex functions.Carry out contour Integration.State and prove the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.State and provide various proofs of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.Compute integrals using residues. Apply techniques of Complex analysis to summation of seriesApply conformal mappings to problems from physical sciences.

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.1. A. David Wunsch, Complex Variables with Applications, 2nd Edition2. Ruel V. Churchill and James Ward Brown, Complex Variables and Applications, 4th Edition.3. Saff, Edward B., and Arthur David Snider. Fundamentals of Complex Analysis with Applications to Engineering, Science, and Mathematics. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. ISBN: 0139078746.


4. Lecture Notes prepared by the course instructor.Detailed Course Outline

Complex Numbers and FunctionsReview of Complex numbers, Polar and Cartesian forms, powers and roots, subsets of the complex plane, complex limits, complex derivatives, The Cauchy-Riemann equations.

Analytic and harmonic functionsComplex analytic functions, Real and imaginary parts of analytic functions, harmonic functions, harmonic conjugates, complex maps, Translation, rotation, dilation and inversion, Mobius maps, Mobius Transforms.

The Basic Transcendental FunctionsThe exponential function, trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, the logarithmic function, complex exponentials, inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, branch points and branch cuts.

Contour IntegrationCurves and contours, contour integration, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Cauchy Integral formula, Mean Value principle, Louville’s principle; Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.

Infinite seriesPower series, Taylor series, Laurent series, zeros and poles, the point at infinity residues and their application in integration.

Conformal MappingsThe conformal property, bilinear transformation, conformal mapping and boundary value problems, The Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation.

MTH 2203: Numerical Analysis I, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1102, MTH12001

Course Description:Numerical Analysis plays an indispensable role in solving real life mathematical, physical and engineering problems. Numerical computations have been in use for centuries even before digital computers appeared on the scene. Great Mathematicians like Gauss, Newton, Lagrange, Fourier and many others developed numerical techniques. Numerical analysis is an approach to solving complex mathematical problems using simple approximating operations and carrying out an analysis on the resulting errors. In this course, we cover the following areas of Numerical analysis: finite differences, interpolation, differentiation, integration, solution of non-linear equations and solution of a system of linear equations.


Interpolate data Carry out numerical integration and differentiation Solve non-linear equations and systems of linear equations using numerical techniques. Write codes for simple numerical analysis algorithms

Reading listThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.

Froberg C.E (1994); Introduction to Numerical Analysis. Addison-Wesley.


Richard L. Burden et al (1989): Numerical Analysis (second edition) prindle, Weber and Schmidt. Boston, Massachusetts.

Oates. P.J. et al (1981); Numerical Analysis, Edward Arnold (Publishing) Ltd.J. Mango: Introduction to Numerical Analysis, IACE, Makerere University.E.M.Kizza: Lecture notes in Numerical Analysis. Mathematics Department, Makerere

University.


Introduction to one of the high level languages e.g. Matlab, Maple, Fortran

Finite DifferencesForward finite difference operator, backward finite difference operator, central finite difference operator, averaging operator, shift operator.

InterpolationDefinition of interpolation, finite difference Interpolation, finite difference tables, Newton’s forward difference interpolating polynomial, Newton’s backward difference interpolating polynomial.Lagrange interpolation, linear, quadratic and higher degree Lagrange interpolating polynomials, error analysis in Lagrange interpolating polynomial.Divided difference interpolation, definition of a divided difference, Newton’s divided difference interpolation, codes for interpolation.

Numerical DifferentiationWhy numerical differentiation, numerical differentiation using finite differences, derivatives using Newton’s forward formula, derivatives using Newton’s backward difference formula. Error Analysis in numerical differentiation.

Numerical integrationTrapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, analysis of errors in Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, computer codes for the algorithms learnt.

Numerical solution of non-linear equationsBisection method, secant method, fixed point/Iteration/successive substitutions, Regular false, Newton Raphson’s method, computer codes for the algorithms learnt.

Numerical solution of a system of linear equationsDirect methods, Gaussian Elimination, Triangular decomposition, Cholesky’s decomposition, Iterative techniques, Jacob and Gauss Seidel, convergence analysis of iterative methods

MTH 2204: Statistical Inference I, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH2102

Course DescriptionThe course starts with a review of some topics from probability theory e.g. moments and moment generating functions. It then launches into sampling theory with consideration of distributions related to the normal distribution viz t, Chi-square and F. Emphasis is on parameter estimation and hypothesis testing with applications. Methods of point and interval estimation and properties of estimators are considered. In the last part of the course Chi-square tests for goodness of fit and for independence as well as the Fisher’s exact test are considered with applications to data. Finally an introduction to linear regression analysis is given.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of this course students should be able to:


Differentiate between parametric and non-parametric statistical inference. State the properties of various discrete and continuous distributions. Derive distributions of the sample mean and sum of random variables using the moment

generating function technique. Derive the t, Chi-square and F distributions and state their usefulness in sampling theory. Calculate point and interval estimates of parameters. Assess whether estimators satisfy the properties of good estimators. Perform hypothesis tests with applications. Apply the acquired tools to real life data by making inferences about properties of the

distribution where the data is thought to have been drawn and to determine the likelihood that the distribution is the correct one.

Test for goodness of fit using the chi-square test. Test for independence of variables using the chi-square test and fisher's exact test. Use a statistical package e.g. S-Plus and/or R for data analysis particularly regression

analysis. Fit a simple linear regression model and interpret the results. Perform non-parametric statistical inference.

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts. Notes prepared by the lecturer. An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and its Applications by Larsen, R. J. and Marx, M.

L. Mathematical Statistics by Freund, J. E. Probability and Statistics by Degroot, M. H. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, 2nd Edition by Rice, J. A. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1992.

by Montgomery, D.C. & Peck, E.A. Applied Linear Regression, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 1985, by Weisberg, S. Modern Applied Statistics with S, 4th Edition, Springer, 2003 by Venables, W.N. & Ripley,

B.D.


Part IA. Sampling from the normal distributionSampling distributions, Chi-square, t, and F distributions. Distribution of the sample mean and sample variance.

Part IIA. Parameter estimationProperties of estimators: Unbiasedness, Consistency; consistency in probability, mean square error consistency; Minimum variance criterior, Cramer-Rao's inequality, Sufficiency; factorization theorem.

B. Methods of point estimationMoments, Least squares, Maximum likelihood. Applications to common distributions.

C. Confidence interval estimationOne parameter case, application to sampling from nomral population. Estimation of mean and variance for one and two samples.

Part IIIHypothesis testing


Null and alternative hypothesis, simple and composite hypothesis, critical regions, power and size of a test, best critical region, simple likelihood ratio test, most powerful test, applications to simple cases - normal distribution.

Part IV: A. Chi-square testContingency tables, goodness of fit test, fisher's exact test.

B. Linear RegressionRelationships between variables, transformations to linearity, residual and regression sums of squares, analysis of variance in simple linear regression.

MTH 2206: Mathematical LogicPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionMathematical logic is a discipline within mathematics, studying formal systems in relation to the way they encode intuitive concepts of proof and computation as part of the foundations of mathematics. Contrary to what one may think mathematical logic is not the logic of mathematics, but more closely resembles the mathematics of logic. It comprises those parts of logic that can be modelled mathematically.


Explain the concepts, principles, procedures and applications of mathematical logic Explain the reasoning behind mathematical proofs and methodology Model real life problems using concepts of set theory and mathematical logic State computable and non-computable functions


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, Language, Proof and Logic. Seven Bridges Press, New

York, 2000. ISBN 1-889119-08-3 Martin Davis, Computability and Unsolvability, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958. Herbert B. Enderton, A Mathematical Introduction to Logic, Academic Press, New York,

1972.

Course Outline

Basics of propositional Logic Axiomatic system for propositional calculus, modus ponens, deduction principle, completeness, consistency.

Basics of first-order logic (Predicate Calculus)Variables, constants, predicate letters, function letters, terms axiomatic formulae, well formed formulae, quantifiers, free and bounded variables. Interpretations, truth models, satisfiability, logically valid proofs, logical implications, logical consequence. First order axioms, proper axioms, inference rules and their restrictions, deduction principle.

Computability using turing machines and recursive functions


Definitions and notation, examples of the turing machines at work.

Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems

Computable and non computable functions

MTH3101: Functional AnalysisPre-requisites: MTH2101, MTH2104

Course DescriptionFunctional analysis is the branch of mathematics concerned with the study of spaces of functions. This course is intended to introduce the student to the basic concepts and theorems of functional analysis and its applications.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of this course, students should be able to:

describe properties of normed linear spaces and construct examples of such spaces extend basic notions from calculus to metric spaces and normed vector spaces state and prove theorems about finite dimensionality in normed vector spaces state and prove the Cauchy-Swartz Inequality and apply it to the derivation of other

inequalities distinguish pointwise and uniform convergence prove that a given space is a Hilbert spaces or a Banach Spaces describe the dual of a normed linear space apply orthonormality to Fourier series expansions of functions state and prove the Hahn-Banach theorem

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.1. E. Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley & sons2. N. Dunford and J. T. Schwartz, Linear Operators, General Theory,


Metric SpacesDefinitions of metric spaces and examples, open sets, closed sets, neighbourhoods, convergence of sequences, Cauchy sequences, completeness

Normed SpacesDefinition of normed space and examples, properties of normed spaces, Banach spaces, finite dimensional normed spaces, subspaces, linear operators, bounded linear operators, linear functionals, linear operators and linear functionals on finite dimensional spaces, normed space of operators, dual space.

Inner product SpacesDefinition of inner product space and examples, properties of inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces, orthogonal complements and indirect sums, orthogonal sets and sequences, total orthonormal sets and sequences, representation of functionals on Hilbert space.

Fundamental Theorems of Functional Analysis and their applicationsZorn’s Lemma, Hahn Banach Theorem, Uniform Boundedness Theorem, Open Mapping Theorem, Closed Graph Theorem.


MTH3102: Numerical Analysis II, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH3102

Course DescriptionThis course is continuation of the Numerical Analysis I course. In this course we cover the following areas: Orthogonal functions, Gauss Quadrature rules, approximation theory, numerical solution of ordinary differential equations and solutions of partial differential equations.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of this course the student should be able to:

Define an orthogonal Sequence of functions and use orthogonal functions in integrationApproximate discrete data or continuous functions by least squaresSolve ordinary differential equations by common numerical techniquesApproximate a solution of a partial differential equation by finite differencesWrite computer codes for the Gauss – Quadrature rules and the techniques for solving

ordinary and partial differential equations.

Reading List

Curtis F.G and Patric O. W. Applied Numerical Analysis. Addison – Wesley Publishing Company, Reading Massachusets.

David R. and Ward C : Numerical Analysis, Books/Core Publishing Company, Pacific Carove, California.

Sydney Yakowitz, Forenc Szidarovszky.An Introduction to Numerical Computations, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.Michael A. C and William G.G (1912) Numerical Methods for differential equations,

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersay.Richard L. Burden (1989), Numerical Analysis, Prindle, Weber and Schmidt. Boston

Maassachusetts.


Orthogonal FunctionsDefinition of a Sequence of orthogonal functions, Legendic functions, Tchebyshev functions, Hermitian functions, Laguerre functions.

Gauss - Quadrature rulesGauss - Legendre Quadrature, Gauss – Tchebyshev Quadrature, Gauss - Hermite Quadrature, Gauss - Laguerre Quadrature. Error Analysis in Quadrature rules, Computer codes for Gauss- Quadrature rules.

Approximation TheoryLeast squares for under determined systems. Least Squares for continuous functions (the Hilbert matrix). Computer codes for least squares fit.

Numerical Solution of ordinary differential equationsTaylor series method. Eulers method. Runge Kutta second and fourth order processes. Comparison of numerical and analytic solutions of ordinary differential equations.

Numerical solution of partial differential equationsWhy numerical techniques for spdes. Classification of partial differential equations. Computational molecules for partial derivatives. Crank-Nicholson technique. Finite difference techniques for parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic problems.

MTH 3103: Biomathematics, 3CU


Pre-requisites: MTH1102, MTH2103

Course DescriptionThis course is concerned with formulation, analysis and interpretation of mathematical models in biology, ecology, environment, epidemics and Bioeconomics. In ecology and environment, problems concerning distribution and abundance of populations and community dynamics are dealt with. It has an introduction to mathematical epidemiology focusing on prevention, control and eradication strategies to achieve possible steady states. Examples of common diseases are highlighted. Bioeconomics deals with exploitation of resources, harvesting in fisheries and forests. The models aim at maximizing profits and reducing losses.


To equip students with skills and techniques of model formulating, analysing and interpreting mathematical models in Biology, Ecology, Epidemics, etcetera.

Reading ListThe reading list will include but not limited to the following texts.

Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Ecology: Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance by Krebs, J Charles ISBN:

0321068793 Infectious Diseases of Humans by ROY M. Anderson and Robert M. MAY, Oxford Press,

ISBN: 019854599-1 Mathematical Biology by J.D. Murray, Spring-Verlag, Berlin ISBN:354057204 Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology by Fred Brauer & Carlos

Castillo-Chavez, ISBN: 0-387-98902-1, Springer Verlag, NewYork. Diffusion and Ecological Problems, Modern perspectives by Akira Okubo & Simon Levin,

ISBN: 038798676-6, Springer Verlag NewYork Understanding Non-linear Dynamics by Daniel Kaplan and Leon Glass ISBN: 0-387-

94423-0, Springer Verlag NewYork Mathematical Models in Biology by Elizabeth S. Allman & John A. Rhodes, ISBN:0-

521819806, Cambridge University Press. Modelling and Simulation in Medicine and the Life Sciences (2nd Ed), Theoretical

Introduction, by Warren J. Ewens, ISBN: 0-387-20191-2, Springer Verlag, NewYork. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, L. S. Luboobi, Department of Mathematics, Makerere

University


Why Model? Model building, methods of analysisGive various examples of a good model, stages of model building, expected methods for analyzing the models

Discrete Population ModelsIntroduction to difference equations. Examples of discrete models and their analysis

Continuous Population ModelsSingle species and multi-species models and their analysis

BioeconomicsExamples of forest and fisheries exploitation models

Introduction to Mathematical Epidemiology


Notation, model building, interpretation, terminology, examples of common diseases, drug administration models

MTH3104: Dynamical Systems, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1201, MTH2103

Course DescriptionA dynamical system is a concept in mathematics where a fixed rule describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space. The mathematical models used to describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, or the number of fish in a lake is examples of dynamical systems. A dynamical system has a state determined by a collection of real numbers. Small changes in the state of the system correspond to small changes in the numbers. The course describes the theory of dynamical systems in one and two dimensions. The main areas include bifurcation theory, chaos, attractors, limit cycles, non-linear dynamics.

The following are the major topics:

Brief review of differential equations (first order and linear systems) Introduction to discrete and continuous dynamical systems Classification of fixed points of discrete and continuous non-linear systems Periodicity and chaos in non-linear systems


Identify fundamental differences between linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. Construct and interpret phase portraits of maps and flows in one and two dimensions. Identify fixed points and periodic points and determine their stability. Understand elementary bifurcations. Understand characterizations and measurements of chaos such as sensitive dependence

on initial conditions and Lyapunov exponents. Use symbolic dynamical systems and conjugacy to analyse maps. Explain how fractals arise from dynamical systems. Use potential functions to analyse flows. Understand limit sets and attractors. Use software to simulate and study dynamical systems in one and two dimensions.

The reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.

Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems (Second Edition) by Lawrence Perko, published by Springer (1996);

Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos with Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering by Steven H. Strogatz, published by Addison Wesley (1994).

Dynamical Systems by D.K. Arrowsmith and C.M. Place (Chapman and Hall 1992). It has a good chapter on higher dimensional systems, plus a chapter on examples and bifurcations.

Order within chaos by Pierre Berge, Yves Pomeau and Christian Vidal (John Wiley 1984) An introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems by Robert Devaney ((Addison-Wesley

1989). Dynamics and Bifurcations by J. Hale and H. Kocak (Springer 1991) Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems and Linear Algebra by Morris W.Hirsch and

Stephen Smale, (Academic Press 1975). A great classic. In principle an entry level book both for Ordinary Differential Equations and Linear Algebra, it goes fast and deep and covers much of the material we will be covering.

A First Course in Discrete Dynamical Systems (Second Edition) by Richard A. Holmgren (Springer 1996).


Differential Equations: A Dynamical Systems Approach, Parts I and II by J.H. Hubbard and B.H. West (Springer 1995). Part I is an entry level text; Part II covers much of what we will be covering.

Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos by J.M.T. Thompson and H.B. Stewart (John Wiley 1986). Very similar to Strogatz, but at a more advanced level.


Review of Differential Equations: Brief review of differential equations (first order and linear systems) and linear algebra (eigenvalue problems. exponential of a matrix, Fundamental Matrix Solution); quantitative versus qualitative behaviour of differential equations.

Discrete and Continuous Systems: One-dimensional discrete and continuous systems; matrix approach to higher dimensional discrete systems and continuous systems (systems of linear differenctial equations); phase plane analysis and phase portraits; periodic solutions; bifurcations; Using Maple.

Classification of fixed points: Discrete and continuous non-linear systems; stability; linearization; almost linear systems; limit cycles; predator-prey and competitive species examples; non-linear pendulum; failure of linearization; Lyapunov functions and exponents; gradient systems.

Periodicity and chaos in non-linear systems: Poincare-Bendixon theorem; chaos in the Lorenz system and the butterfly attractor; analysis of discrete systems; period-doubling route to chaos; Using Maple to plot "staircase" diagrams and orbits of maps. Sarkovskii's theorem and the Yorke-Li special case (period 3 implies chaos); symbolic dynamics and shift maps.

Fractals and Cantor Sets: Fractals; Cantor set; symbolic dynamics of the Cantor set; Cantor set as a fractal and as an attractor for a one-dimensional non-invertible discrete map; Sierpinski's triangle and carpet; Koch snowflake curve. Contraction mapping theorems and metric spaces; fractals as fixed "points" (attractors) of iterated function systems; algorithms for drawing fractals; the chaos game; fractal dimension; Barnsley's fractal fern.

Complex dynamical systems (complex variables): Julia sets; escape-time algorithms; Mandelbrot set; fractals from Newton's method; fractals from complex number bases.

MTH 3105: Discrete Mathematics, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionDiscrete mathematics is sometimes called finite mathematics. It is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete, in the sense of not supporting or requiring the notion of continuity. Most of the objects studied in finite mathematics are countable sets, such as the integers. Discrete mathematics has got many interesting applications to computer science. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are used to study or express objects or problems in computer algorithms and programming languages

Course ObjectivesUpon completion of this course, the student should be able to:

determine the validity of a given argument; apply the concepts of set theory to problems which involve set operations, cardinality,

and counting techniques;


apply the concepts of number theory to problems involving arithmetic operations; apply the concepts of relations and functions to problems involving recursion, sequences

and set equivalence; use the theory of graphs to solve problems in applied mathematics.


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Discrete Mathematics and its Applications Kenneth Rosen, McGraw Hill, 1991 Applications of Discrete Mathematics, J. Michaels and K. Rosen, McGraw Hill Discrete Mathematics, by Ken Ross and Charles Wright, Prentice-Hall, 3rd Ed Discrete Mathematics with Applications, by Susanna Epp, Wadsworth, 1990 Graph Theory Applications, L.R. Foulds, Springer-Verlag, 1992


Fundamentals of Mathematical LogicPropositions and related concepts, conditional and biconditional propositions, rules of inferential logic, propositions and quantifiers, arguments with quantified premises, digital logic design, number systems

Fundamentals of Mathematical ProofsMethods of direct proof, methods of indirect proofs: contradiction and contraposition, method of proof by induction. Elementary number theory and mathematical proofs. The Euclidean algorithm. Induction and the algebra of matrices.

Fundamentals of Set TheoryBasic definitions, properties of sets. Boolean algebra.

Relations and Functions Equivalence relations, partial order relations, functions: definitions and examples, bijective and inverse functions, recursion, applications to relations. Well-ordered sets and lattices, the pigeonhole principle. Countable sets, finite-state automaton.

Introduction to the Analysis of AlgorithmsTime complexity and O-notation, logarithmic and exponential complexities, Θ and Ω notations

Fundamentals of Counting and Probability TheoryElements of counting, basic probability terms and rules, Binomial random variables

Elements of Graph TheoryGraphs, paths, and circuits, trees

MTH 3106: Stochastic Processes, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1102, MTH2102

Course DescriptionThe course introduces students to stochastic processes starting with definitions of a stochastic process, processes with stationary and independent increments. The Poisson process is singled out as a very useful process and its properties are discussed with applications. Other processes considered are the birth, death and branching processes that are useful in disease modelling. The course winds up by considering the Markov chain: its definition, examples, transition


probabilities and classification of the states and of chains. In all sections real life applications are given.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of this course students should be able to: Define a stochastic process. State the properties of a Poisson process. Apply Poisson processes to real life situations. Estimate mean inter-arrival time and mean waiting time of events. Estimate the expected population size in a birth-death process. Solve difference equations using generating functions. Calculate the probability of extinction and the expected total population in a branching

process. Classify states of a Markov chain. Calculate mean first passage and recurrence times for an irreducible recurrent state Markov

Chain. Appreciate the range of applications and be able to model appropriate real life problems in

terms of a stochastic process.

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts. Notes prepared by the lecturer. Introduction to Probability Models by Sheldon M. Ross, seventh edition. Stochastic Processes: An Introduction by PW Jones, P. W. and Smith, P. Stochastic Processes by J. Medhi, second edition. An introduction to Stochastic Modeling by H. M. Taylor and S. Karlin. The Elements of Stochastic Processes with applications to the Natural Sciences by N. T. J.

Bailey.


Introduction: specification of stochastic processes with independent increments, stationary processes and Markov processes.

Poisson processes: axioms and properties of Poisson processes, homogeneous Poisson process, Poisson process and related distributions|: inter-arrival time and waiting time distributions. Compound Poisson processes and non-homogeneous Poisson process.

Birth and death processes: Pure birth, pure death and simple birth-death processes.

Branching processes: Properties of generating functions of branching processes, probability of extinction, distribution of total number of progeny.

Markov Chains: Introduction, definitions and examples, transition probabilities, higher transition probabilities: - Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, first passage and recurrence times, classification of states and of chains.

MTH3201: Calculus of Several Variables, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1201

Course DescriptionThis course is about functions of several variables – their limits, continuity, differentiability, integrability and applications of these. The treatment is not rigorous.

Course Objectives


This course is intended to introduce the student to the calculus of functions of several variables and empower the student to apply it to solve real life problems.

6. Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.

1. Dennis D. Berkey and Paul Blanchard, Calculus, Saunders College Publishing.2. Howard Anton, Multivariable Calculus, John Wiley and Sons3. Jerrold E. Marsden, Basic Multivariable Calculus, 4. Any other relevant textbooks, websites and resources in the library or else where.


Functions of several variables, Partial derivatives and differentiabilityFunctions of two or more variables, limits and continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, chain rules, tangent planes, total differentials, directional derivatives, gradients, maxima and minima, Lagrange Multipliers.

Multiple IntegralsDouble integrals over a rectangle, double integral over more general regions, double integral in polar coordinates, surface integrals, triple integrals, triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, change of variables, Jacobians.

Topics in Vector CalculusVector fields, Line integrals, Independence of Path; conservative vector fields, Green’s Theorem, Introduction to surface integrals, surface integrals of vector fields; flux, The Divergence Theorem, Stokes’ Theorem.

MTH 3202: Transform Methods and Partial Differential Equations, 3CUPrerequisites: MTH2103

Course DescriptionThis is an applied mathematics course in which advanced methods are used to solve problems in Physics, Engineering, Environment, Ecology, Epidemiology and other related fields. It is helpful in the solution of dynamical systems, which virtually appear in every field of science, from oscillating reactions in chemistry to the chaotic circuits in electrical engineering and motions in celestial mechanics. The course also gives the basic theory of PDEs with examples of where these methods come from and how they work.


To provide methods for solving differential equations arising in physical sciences models together with their formulation

To help students use transform methods to solve ordinary and partial differential equations

To enable students explain the mathematical formulation of PDEs and their application


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Miller R. Introduction to Differential Equations, Prentice Hall Inc.



Fourier Series and Fourier TransformsBasic principles, orthogonal forms, sine and cosine transforms, complete and complex forms Laplace TransformExistence and operation rules, application in solving differential equations, integral equations, difference equations, delay differential equations, systems of differential equations

The Z-transformExistence and operation rules. Application to solving differential equations

The Theory and solutions to Partial Differential EquationsDefinitions, One Dimensional wave equation, heat equation, Laplace and Bessel equation. Canonical forms, equations with constant coefficients, general solution. Cauchy Problem and Cauchy-Kowalelewsky Theorem. Homogeneous wave equation and IVPs. Method of Separation of Variables. Eigenvalues problems and special functions, Sturm-Liouville Systems, eigenvalue and eigenfunctions and expansions. Boundary value problems

MTH3203: Linear Programming, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH1102

Course DescriptionThis course introduces modelling of practical problems using linear mathematical methods. Solutions to the linear models are sought using geometrical methods and the simplex algorithm. Response of the solution to small perturbation is analyzed.


formulate linear models from a given problem solve a two variable problem using geometrical methods demonstrate knowledge of the constraint set solve the problem using the simplex method solve problems using dual simplex and the primal dual methods analyze the solution to the problem for sensitivity


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Lecture Notes of Mathematical Programming, L.S. Luboobi


The general linear programming (LP) problemThe algebra and geometry of LP models.

Geometric solution of LP problemsBasic and optimal solutions to an LP problem. The constraint set as a convex polytope. The connection between the extreme points of the constraint set and the basic solutions.

The simplex method: The derivation of the conditions for the existence and optimality of the solution. The initial basic solution; the big-M (penalty) method. The two phase simplex method.


The dual problemsDual simplex algorithm, the properties of duality. The mutual primal-dual simplex algorithm.

Post optimality analysisInvestigation of how changes in the objective function and the constraints of an LP problem would affect the current optimal solution.

MTH3204: Classical Mechanics II, 3CU [Detailed Course Outline not submitted]

Pre-requisite: MTH2105, MTH2103

Course DescriptionThis course is a continuation of Classical Mechanics I. The course covers motion of a particle in moving and rotating axes and orbital motion using polar coordinates and introduces rigid body dynamics and analytic mechanics.


Use polar coordinates to find velocity, acceleration and angular momentum of a particle moving in an inertial frame

Use the reciprocal coordinate method to solve orbital motion equationsState, prove and apply Keplar’s laws (and other laws) of planetary motionFormulate and solve rigid body problem for moments of inertia, angular momentum and

kinetic energySolve problems using Langrage equations and Hamilton functions

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following:

H. Goldstein (1980 ). Classical mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company F. Baryarama and J.M.Mango. Classical Mechanics, Institute of Adult and Continuing

Education – Makerere UniversityF. Chorlton (1983). Textbook of Dynamics (2nd edition), Ellis Horwood Limited.

Detailed Course Outline [not submitted]

MTH3205: General Topology, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH2101

Course DescriptionThis course is about the study of elementary properties of topological spaces. Topological spaces turn up naturally in mathematical analysis, abstract algebra and geometry. A topological space is a structure that allows one to generalize concepts such as convergence, connectedness and continuity.


To introduce the student to elementary properties of topological spaces and structures defined on them

To introduce the student to maps between topological spaces To develop the student’s ability to handle abstract ideas of Mathematics and

Mathematical proofs

6. Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts.


1. James Munkres; Topology; ISBN 0-13-181629-22. John Kelley; General Topology; ISBN 0-387-90125-63. Lynn Steen & Arthur Seebach; Counterexamples in Topology; ISBN 0-486-68735-X


Set Theory and LogicFunctions, relations, Cartesian products, finite sets, countable and uncountable sets

Topological spaces and continuous functionsTopological spaces, basis for a topology, the order topology, the product topology, the subspace topology, closed sets and limit points, continuous functions, the quotient topology.

Connectedness and CompactnessConnected spaces, connected sets in the real line, components and path components, compact spaces, compact sets in the real line

Countability and Separation axiomsThe countability axioms, the separation axioms, The Urysohn’s lemma. The Tietze extension theorem.

MTH 3206: Advanced StatisticsPre-requisites: MTH2204

Course DescriptionThe course introduces students to regression models for data analysis and extends the methods to handle non-normal data. Particular attention is given to data that can be modeled by generalized linear models.

Course ObjectivesThe course aims at:

Illustrating inference methods based on the exponential family of densities.Introducing students to methods of analyzing data within the framework of generalized linear

models.Illustrating the methods with data from real life problem.

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following texts. Notes prepared by the lecturer. An introduction to generalized linear models by Dobson, J. A.


Exponential family of densities. Definition and properties.

Maximum likelihood estimation. Score vector and information matrix, asymptotic properties of ML estimators (no proofs), score and likelihood ratio tests.

Regression modelsEstimation and tests of hypothesis, diagnostics for model fit.


Generalised linear models. Special cases: Poisson and binomial errors.Estimation of parameters and tests of hypothesis, assessing goodness of fit, logistic and log-linear models.

MTH 3207: Introduction to Mathematical Epidemiology, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH2103

Course DescriptionThis course introduces students to epidemiological modelling of endemic and pandemic diseases. Models on sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV/AIDS and the like are considered. Models on vector/parasite transmitted diseases like malaria, Schistosomiasis are also considered. In-host pathogen dynamics, computer simulation is done to get numerical and graphical solutions to these models.


To give students an introduction to applications of Mathematics to Biomedical processes To equip students with skills and techniques of model formulation, analysis and

interpretation in biomedical research


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Infectious Diseases of Humans by ROY M. Anderson and Robert M. MAY, Oxford Press,

ISBN: 019854599-1 Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology by Fred Brauer & Carlos

Castillo-Chavez, ISBN: 0-387-98902-1, Springer Verlag, NewYork Modelling and Simulation in Medicine and the Life Sciences (2nd Ed), Theoretical

Introduction, by Warren J. Ewens, ISBN: 0-387-20191-2, Springer Verlag, NewYork.


Review of simple epidemic modelsRevisit the SIR,SIS,SIRS,SIERS, and incorporate other vital dynamics to model more realistic situations

Models for Infectious diseasesGive up to four examples of these and model at least two together with the class, group the class and give two more as group project (TB, Influenza, Measles, Polio, HIV/AIDS, STDs)

Models for non-infectious diseasesGive up to four examples of these and model at least two together with the class, group the class and give two more as group project (tumour growth, cancer, asthma, diabetes)

Vector/host epidemic modelsMalaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, rabies,

Detail examples of within host pathogen dynamicsHIV/AIDS models and immune response, malaria and immune response, chemotherapy and in-host dynamics


Vaccination Models and models for treatment regimes Basic vaccination models, measles, TB, yellow fever etc

Other topics selected from Mathematical PhysiologyMathematical Oncology, Cellular and elementary genetic algebra

MTH 3210: Graph Theory, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionA graph is a set of objects called vertices connected by links called edges. Graph Theory is the study of graphs. There are many structures that can be represented by graphs. These range from road networks to the structure of the Internet. This course will introduce Graph Theory to the student, giving some of the main problems Graph Theory is concerned with, demonstrating the topics of trees and distance, matchings and factors, connectivity and paths, graph coloring, edges and cycles, and planar graphs. The course is useful for those who need to learn to make coherent arguments in the fields of mathematics and computer science.

Course ObjectivesThis course is intended to

Introduce the student to the terminology of Graph TheoryIntroduce the student to the different types of graphsIntroduce the student to the Colouring and Routing problems of Graph Theory.


Text recommended by the course lecturer Notes prepared by the lecturer Graph Theory with Applications (1976) by Bondy and Murty (Online text book)

http://www.ecp6.jussieu.fr/pageperso/bondy/books/gtwa/gtwa.html Detailed Course Outline

Basic conceptsSubgraphs and complements, walks, trails, paths and circuits, connectedness and components of a graph, operations on graphs, cut-vertices and separable graphs, special graphs, Isomorphisms, trees, spanning trees, forests, cutsets and cuts, dense and sparse graphs, matchings.

Eulerian and Hamiltonian GraphsDirected graphs, graphs and relations, directed trees, arboricity, directed Eulerian graphs, acyclic directed graphs, Ramsey theory, hamiltonicity, random graphs, minors.

Matrices of GraphsIncidence matrix, cut matrix, circuit matrix, adjacency matrix, network flows.

ColoringEdge colouring and chromatic number, chromatic polynomials, the four colouring problem.

MTH 3214: Number Theory, 3CUPre-requisites: None

Course DescriptionIn this course, integers are studied with little use of techniques from other mathematical fields. Questions of divisibility, use of the Euclidean algorithm to compute greatest common divisors,


factorization of integers into prime numbers, investigation of perfect numbers and congruences belong here. Some important discoveries of this field are Fermat's little theorem, Euler's theorem, and the Chinese remainder theorem. The properties of multiplicative functions such as the Möbius function, and Euler's φ function also fall into this area. The course will take the student through questions in number theory that can be stated in elementary number theoretic terms, but require very deep consideration and new approaches outside the realm of elementary number theory to solve. Examples include:

The Goldbach conjecture concerning the expression of even numbers as sums of two primes.

The twin prime conjecture about the infinitude of prime pairs.

Fermat's last theorem (stated in 1637 but not proved until 1994) concerning the impossibility of finding nonzero integers x, y, z such that xn + yn = zn for some integer n greater than 2.


State axioms about the integersState and apply the principle of finite inductionState and prove the division algorithmDefine a prime number and locate primes using the sieve of EratosthenesState and prove the Euclidean algorithmState and prove the fundamental theorem of arithmeticSolve a linear Diophantine equationSolve a linear congruenceState and prove the Chinese Remainder TheoremPerform divisibility tests of 2,3,5, 7, 9 and 11Check errors in stringsState and prove theorems of Fermat and Wilson


Burton, D.M (1976). Elementary Number Theory. Allyn and Bacon. Kasozi, J. and Mangheni, P.J. Number Theory. Department of Distance Education,

IACE, Makerere University. (in print) Hardy, G.H and Wright, E.M (1979). An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 5th

Edition, Oxford University Press. Detailed Course Curriculum

The Integers Basic properties, summation and products, mathematical induction, divisibility, Primes, Sieve of Eratosthenes, Prime number theorem, Prime producing functions, some conjectures on primes.

GCD and Prime FactorizationGreatest Common Divisor, Euclidean Algorithm, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, LCM, direct factorization method, Fermat factorization, Fermat numbers and primes, Linear Diophantine equation and its solution.

Theory of CongruencesIntroduction to congruences, properties, residues modulo m, Algebra of Congruences, Linear congruences, special congruences, The Chinese Remainder theorem, Systems of Linear congruences, Divisibility tests, check digits, Theorems of Wilson, Euler and Fermat.

Multiplicative Functions


The Euler Phi-function, the sum and number of divisors, Perfect numbers and Mersenne primes.

Applications of Number Theory Character or Monographic ciphers.

Practical investigation on micro computers

MTH3215: Algebraic Topology, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH3205

Course DescriptionIn this course tools from abstract algebra are used to study topological spaces. For example, given two topological spaces, a group will be associated with each of the two topological spaces and from the associated groups deductions will be made on the two topological spaces.


To introduce the student to the classification of topological spaces. To introduce the student to fundamental groups, homotopy theory, invariants

Reading ListThe reading list will include but is not limited to the following text.

James Munkres; Topology; ISBN 0-13-181629-2


The Fundamental Group Homotopy of paths, the fundamental group, covering spaces, the fundamental group of the circle. Retractions and fixed points. The fundamental theory of algebra. The Borsul-Ulam theorem. Deformation retracts and homotopy type. The fundamental group of S^n.

Separation Theorems in the PlaneThe Jordan Separation Theorem. The Jordan Curve Theorem. Imbedding graphs in the plane. The winding number of simple closed curve. Cauchy integral formula.

The Seifert-van Kampen Theorem

If time allows Classification of surfaces and Classification of covering spaces can be included.

MTH 3216: Rings and Modules, 3CUPre-requisites: MTH2201

Course DescriptionThis course is a rejoinder to the course MTH 2201 Group Theory, and in a way related to course MTH 3214 Number Theory in some areas. The latter course deals with properties of integers without use of techniques from other mathematical fields (Elementary Number Theory). This course centers on algebraic number theory in which numbers are roots of polynomials with rational coefficients. This course will provide an introduction to commutative ring theory. Students will study familiar concepts, such as factorisation, primeness, divisibility etc., in a new, more general, setting of commutative rings. In addition, the course includes topics from: rings of quotients, finite fields and extensions of fields.

Course Objectives


By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

Write elements of a factorisation domain as products of irreduciblesUnderstand the connection between primes and irreducibles in an arbitrary integral domain

Investigate whether an integral domain is a unique factorisation domain. When it is not, to be able to find essentially different factorisations of a given element and to prove the factorisations essentially different

For an integral domain which is not a unique factorisation domain, to be able to find essentially different factorisations of a given element and to prove the factorisations essentially different

Find greatest common divisors and least common multiples and to decide when they are unique (up to associates)

Prove that an ideal is prime and to write ideals as products of prime ideals

Explain the construction of the ring of quotients of an integral domain and its connection with the construction of the rational numbers

Demonstrate mastery of the concepts by constructing proofs of simple theorems


Reid, M (1995). Undergraduate commutative algebra. Cambridge University Press. Allenby, R.B.J.T (1983). Rings, Fields and Groups. Edward Arnold, London.


RingsRing, subring, commutative ring, ordered ring, inverses, zero element, integral domain.

CongruencesThe ring of integers, ring homomorphisms and isomorphisms, Ideal (left, right, two-sided), the kernel, principal ideal, generator, congruence modulo an ideal, factoring, canonical map.

Integral domains and FieldsField, Field of quotients, Field of Rationals, Reals, extension Field, the Archimedean property, ordered Field.

FactorisationExtended Euclidean Algorithm, the integral domains, unit, primality testing, unique factorization

Rings of polynomialsPolynomial ring F[x], Evaluation homomorphism, divisors in F[x], division algorithm for polynomials, GCD in F[x], monic polynomial, Euclidean Algorithm for polynomials, relatively prime polynomials, irreducible polynomials, prime polynomial, roots and factors, evaluation maps, factor rings in F[x], splitting Field, Field extension, finite Field, factorization of polynomials over a Field.


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

IntroductionThe Physics programme is offered either as a major or a minor. A major constitutes of not less than two-thirds of the programme load, while a minor constitutes of not more than one-third of the programme load. Some students taking Physics Minor would be taking Education with Mathematics as their Major and are potential Secondary school teachers. In order to fit these courses into available time, some courses offered to Physics majors in the second year will be taken in the third year by Physics Minors.

Programme Objectives:The main objectives are:1. Capacity Building - to train Physicists who are needed in the various work force sectors.2. Knowledge – to impart knowledge and research skills in Physics. 3. Research - to encourage research not only in the Department but also in industry where there are

specific problems, which need to be solved.

PHYSICS PRACTICALS

1. Course Name : Physics Practicals2. Course Code : PHY11013. Credit hours : 24. Course Description

This is an introductory course to undergraduate practical physics. Students offer it basically from the faculty of science offering physics as a minor or major subject. It has 2 credit units, with 4 contact hours per week in the laboratory for 15 weeks i.e. 60 contact hours in a semester

5. Course Objectives:At the end of the course the student should be able to:

Evaluate errors resulting from experiment; Relate the theory learnt to the experiments in the laboratory; Apply the knowledge learnt to every-day experiences.

6. Course OutlineErrors in linear and electrical measurementsElectrostatic fieldsElectromagnetic forcesElectromagnetic inductionMechanical wavesOptical spectrometerSemiconductor electronic devicesVacuum electronic devices

7. Reading ListFirst Year Experiments Manual, lecture notes and any other relevant book.


CLASSICAL MECHANICS I

1. Course Name : Classical Mechanics I2. Course Code : PHY11023. Credit hours : 34. Course Description

This course is offered to undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The course introduces the student to the mechanics of the physical world we live in. It builds the mechanics, the student learnt in school.The following are the major topics: The geometry of space Conservation of momentum and energy Motion in resistive media Motion of a charged particle in Electromagnetic fields Simple harmonic motion An introduction to special relativity

5. Course Objectives:At the end of the course the student should be able to: Identify possible changes in positions of physical objects. Describe the dynamics of objects Express the geometry of motion of objects both diagrammatically and mathematical. Establish the conditions under which there may be no apparent motion. State examples in mechanics and relate them to possible applications.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Course Name : Properties of Matter2. Course Code : PHY11033. Credit hours : 24. Course Description

This course introduces general concepts of Properties of Matter and requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e 30 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics: Forces and energy between Atoms and between Molecules Liquids. Solids. Thermal properties Transport phenomena in gases.

5. Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course the student should be able to:

Distinguish between the different forces that hold atoms together. Explain why liquids rise or are depressed in a capillary tube. Explain the applications of the elastic properties of solids in the daily life. Explain thermal expansion of a solid in terms of interatomic forces Describe diffusion through a gas in molecular terms. Explain thermal conduction of gases in terms of transport of thermal energy.

6. Course OutlineForces and energy between atoms and between molecules.

Liquids:Surface tension; Capillarity; Adhesion and cohesion.

Solids:


Strength properties and elastic deformation; Brittle and ductile solids; Examples of bending a beam and the cantilever; Waves along an elastic bar.

Thermal properties: Thermal expansion; Gruneisen’s law; Heat flow along a bar; Thermal diffusion.Transport phenomena in gases:

Elements of kinetic theory; Viscosity; Thermal conductivity and self-diffusion.

7. Reading ListFlowers B.H. and Mendoza E., Properties of Matter, Wiley and Sons Ltd.Tabor D. (1996): Gases, Liquids and solids, Penguin Books.Sears, W.F.Zemansky, M.W & Young, H.D. (1991): College Physics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.Properties of Matter - : F.M. D’ujanga Lecture notes – Distance Education Department.

ELECTRICITY

Course Name : ElectricityCourse Code : PHY1105Credit hours : 2Course Description

This is an introductory course in electricity. It is offered to students from faculties other than science who wish to make up their semester course load. The following are the major topics:

Direct current circuitsMagnetic fieldForce and torque on a current loopMagnetic materialsElectromagnetic inductionAlternating currents

Course Objectives:At the end of the course the student should be able to:

Work with dc circuits;Describe the effect of magnetic fields to direct current circuits. Describe the electromagnetic induction in a number of instruments.Connect the R-L, R-C series and parallel circuits;Calculate the series and parallel resonance.

Course Outlinedirect currents circuits: emf and internal resistance of a battery, power delivered by a battery, kirchoff’s laws and electrical circuits.Magnetic fields: Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field, force and torque on a current loop-the moving coil galvanometer, brief description of magnetic materials-magnetic domains and hysteresisElectromagnetism: laws of electromagnetic induction, eddy currents, and their applications, electric generator, electric motor, self and mutual induction, transformer-energy stored in a magnetic fieldAlternating current: average and rms values, ac meters, and inductive and capacitive reactance. Power in ac circuits-power factor, R-L, R-C series circuit; RL and RC –time circuits. Low and high pass filters. Series and parallel resonance.

Reading ListElectricity and magnetism by E.J.K.B. Banda Fundamentals of electricity and magnetism by kipps


http://newton.ex.ac.uk/teaching/modules/book-list-PHY.html#FLOWERS

OPTICS

Course Name : OpticsCourse Code : PHY1106Credit hours : 2Course Description

This is an introductory course in optics. It is offered to students from faculties other than science who wish to make up their semester course load. The following are the major topics:

Electromagnetic spectrum Huygens’ principle Interference of light Diffraction of light Polarization of light.


List the properties of light; Analyse the propagation of light and extend its applications to optical instruments. State the basic principles of interference and diffraction of light and their respective

applications. List the basic principles of polarization of light and its production; Produce, detect and apply principles of polarised light to every-day life situations.

Course Outline:

Electromagnetic spectrum: Speed of electromagnetic waves.Huygens’ principle: Applications to reflection and refraction at plane surfaces; spherical mirrors, lenses and optical instruments.Interference of light:Interference by division of wavefront and division of amplitude; Young’s double slit interference, interference in thin films, Newton’s rings; Diffraction of light: diffraction from a single slit, diffraction grating, dispersive and resolving power of a grating.Polarization of light: production and detection and applications

Reading ListOptics by smith and Thomson.Optics by Longhurst.Modern Optics by Guenther.


PHYSICS PRACTICALS

Course Name : Physics PracticalsCourse Code : PHY1201Credit hours : 2Course Description

This is a continuation of Physics Practicals of Semester I. Students offer it basically from the faculty of science offering physics as a minor or major subject. It has 2 credit units, with 4 contact hours per week in the laboratory for 15 weeks i.e. 60 contact hours in a semester


Evaluate errors resulting from experiment; Relate the theory learnt to the experiments in the laboratory; Apply the knowledge learnt to every-day experiences.

Course OutlineAlternating current circuitsElectromagnetic forcesHeat and ThermodynamicsSemiconductor electronic devicesRadioactivity

Reading ListFirst Year Experiments Manual, lecture notes and any other relevant book.

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

1. Course Name : Electricity and Magnetism2. Course Code : PHY12053. Credit hours : 34. Course Description

This course introduces general concepts of electricity and magnetism to the undergraduate student. It takes 3 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 45 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics:ElectrostaticsSteady currentsMagnetic fieldsA.C. circuits


Use the knowledge acquired for further studies;

Apply theories of static charges and extend its applications to electrical instruments.

Work with simple circuits;

Apply the acquired knowledge to practicals.

6. Course OutlineElectrostatics

Coulomb’s law; electric fields; Gauss’s law and applications. Electrostatic potential, electrostatic energy, dielectrics, capacitance.

Steady currents: Conduction in metals; Ohm’s law; Kirchhoff’s laws

Magnetic fields:


Moving charges and magnetic fields, magnetic flux density, Hall effect, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, electromagnetic induction; self and mutual inductance; energy stored in a magnetic field.

A.C. circuits: Circuit elements; resistor, inductor and capacity, voltage – current relations; average and

rms values. Inductive and capacitive reactances.Impedance; RLC series and parallel circuits. Power factor; low and high pass filters.

7 References:Electricity and magnetism by E.J.K.B. Banda Fundamentals of electricity and magnetism by Kipp

HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Course Name : Heat and ThermodynamicsCourse Code : PHY1206Credit hours : 2Course DescriptionThis course introduces general concepts of heat and thermodynamics and requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 30 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics:

Equations of state; Basic heat transfer; Simple kinetic theory; Temperature and the laws of thermodynamics; Thermodynamic changes/relations; Maxwell’s distribution.

Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course the student should be able to:

State the relationship between temperature and heat; Analyze thermodynamic changes using laws of thermodynamics; Use the equation of state and the simple kinetic theory in solving problems; State the laws of thermodynamics and apply them to the real world; Use Maxwell’s distribution of velocities to obtain mean speed and mean velocity.

Course Outline

Equation of state: Intensive and Extensive variables; Equation of state; Work; P-V diagrams.Heat Flow: Heat conduction in solids and gases; thermal conductivity; convection; radiation-black-body radiation; Stefan-Boltzmann’s law.Simple Kinetic Theory: Internal energy; the energy equation; boiling and vapour pressure.Temperature: Thermodynamic equilibrium; concept of temperature; temperature scales; concept of heat; absolute zero.The laws of thermodynamics: The Zeroth law; the first and second laws of thermodynamics; Clausius and Kelvin statements of the second law.Thermodynamic changes: Reversible and Irreversible changes; the Carnot cycle; Clausius’ inequality and entropy; heat engines.

Thermodynamic relations:


specific heats; equation of state; Maxwell’s relations; examples – liquid film, Cp-Cv.Maxwell’s distribution: Mean speed and mean velocities; kinetic energy; equipartition theorem, treated simply.

Reading ListThermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, by F.W Salinger Properties of Matter by B H Flowers and E Mendoza

PHYSICS PRACTICALS


This course builds on the foundation built in the first year experimental physics courses. It has 2 credit units, with 4 contact hours per week in the laboratory for 15 weeks i.e. 60 contact hours in a semester


Evaluate errors resulting from experiment by using statistical methods;Relate the theory learnt to the experiments in the laboratory;Apply the knowledge learnt to every-day experiences.

6. Course Outline 1. Statistical analysis of random errors.2. Properties of matter.3. Alternating current circuits.4. Earth’s magnetic field.5. Electromagnetic induction.6. Thermodynamics.

7. Teaching and Assessment PatternThe course is laboratory based. Every student must do at least 12 practical exercises as allocated in the 2nd year laboratory manual in a semester. An average of the 10 best done (marked out of 100%) is taken at the end of the semester.

8. Reading ListA compendium of information including all general physics textbooks.


CLASSICAL MECHANICS II

Course Name : Classical Mechanics IICourse Code : PHY2102Credit hours : 3Course DescriptionThis course is offered to undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The course builds on classical mechanics I. It describes the motion of bodies or systems of bodies more explicitly from different considerations of position.

The following are the major topics: Waves and Wave Motion Superposition and Interference of Waves Special Relativity The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Moving coordinate Systems Rigid Bodies

Course Objectives:At the end of the course the student should be able to: Derive equations of motion for various systems Identify types of motion such as wave motion or linear or rotation motion. Solve problems involving motion of bodies. Characterise bodies in terms of their position, momentum and energy.

Course Outline:

Waves and Wave MotionThe wave equations; waves on strings; particles; waves in fluids; the general wave quation; solution of the wave equation; boundary conditions; Fourier series; waves in a rectangular box.Superposition and Interference of WavesWave packets; phase and group velocities; de Broglie waves; energy density and intensity.Special RelativityLorentz transformation matrix; space and time four vectors; force and energy in relativistic mechanicsThe Lagrangian and HamiltonianGeneralized coordinates; Lagrangian formulation and applications; Hamiltonian and application to simple problems including central orbits and small oscillations; canonical coordinates and applications.Moving coordinate SystemsNon-inertial frames; coordinate systems; velocity; acceleration; coriolis and centripetal forces.Rigid BodiesKinetic energy and angular momentum about a fixed axis; equation of motion and conservation laws.Rotating frames of ReferenceInertia tensor, Euler’s (Cartesian and spherical) equations of motion; spin and procession – the top and the gyroscope.

Reading ListSpiegel M.R. “Theoretical Mechanics” Schaum Series.Symon K. R. “Classical Mechanics” 2nd Edition.Scars F. W. Zemansky M. W. and Young H.N. “College Physics” 7th edition.


SOLID STATE PHYSICS I

1. Course Name : Solid State Physics I2. Course Code : PHY21033. Credit hours : 24. Course Description

This course is offered to second year undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The following are the major topics: Elementary description of crystal structures Diffraction of X-rays by crystals Lattice vibrations Thermal properties of solids Dielectric properties of solids Mechanical properties of solids

5. Course Objectives:At the end of the course the student should be able to: Identify the different crystal structures; Derive Bragg’s law and use it to index powder diffraction lines; Use Einstein’s and Debye’s models to analyze lattice structures. Explain thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of solids.

6. Course Outline:

Elementary description of crystal structures: crystal periodicity, symmetry elements, crystal classes and crystal structure.Diffraction of X-rays by crystals: Bragg’s law; structure factor, powder diffraction patterns; indexing of powder diffraction linesLattice vibrations: linear monatomic and diatomic lattices; Brillouin zone; dispersion curves; acoustic and optic modes; infrared absorption in ionic crystals.Thermal properties of solids: quantization of lattice vibrations – phonons, Einstein and Debye models of lattice heat capacity, thermal conductivity of insulatorsDielectric properties of solids: Electronic, ionic and orientational (dipolar) polarizability, dielectric constant, electric susceptibility, resonance absorption in dielectrics.Mechanical properties of solids: Dislocation, vacancies and interstitials, strength of materials.

7. Reading List Kittel (Solid state Physics)


EVOLUTION OF PHYSICS

Course Name : Evolution PhysicsCourse Code : PHY2104Credit hours : 2Course Description

This course is offered to second year undergraduate physics students, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The following are the major topics:

Origin of PhysicsTrends in PhysicsCurrent developments


Relate the current trends of Physics to the beginnings;List the advantages an disadvantages.

Course Outline:

The Pythagoras School 582 – 500 B.C. Archimedes and the origin of mechanics. Euclidean Geometry 330 – 260 B.C. The problem of matter. Newton and Gravitation. Advances in optics in the 17th century and the wave theory of light. Advances in heat and thermodynamics. 19th and 20th century Physics in electromagnetic waves and relativity, quantum phenomena. Advances in electronics and telecommunication.

Reading ListAll related literature.


ELECTROMAGNETISM

1. Course Name : Electromagnetism2. Course Code : PHY21053. Credit hours : 34. Course Description

This course is offered to undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The following are the major topics:

Electrostatics Stationary electric fields in conducting media Magnetostatic field laws Maxwell’s equations Orthogonality of E, B and k Poynting’s vector Plane electromagnetic waves in matter

5. Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course, the student will be able to:

Find the gradient of a scalar function, divergence of the curl of a vector function; Apply Gauss’s law of electrostatics to find electric field intensities due to symmetric charge

distributions; Solve electrostatic problems involving forces on and energy stored in dielectric media in an

electric field; Solve Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations; Explain electric conduction in metals, state and apply the equation of continuity; Derive expressions for the capacitances of cylindrical and spherical capacitors; Apply Biot-Sarvart’s law to find magnetic flux densities due to simple current distributions; Calculate magnetic force between current-carrying conductors of simple geometry; Solve magnetostatic problems involving magnetic scalar vector potentials; Explain magnetization in terms of atomic magnetic dipoles, and relate magnetization, magnetic

field intensity and magnetic flux density in linear and isotropic magnetic media; Apply the boundary conditions on the field vectors B and H; Apply the laws of electromagnetic induction to problems involving eddy currents, self and mutual

induction, and derive Neumann’s formula; State Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and derive the wave equations for B and H in

dielectrics; Derive the relation between time-averaged Poynting’s vector and the energy density of the

electromagnetic field; Explain what is meant by total internal reflection and its application to propagation of radio waves.

6. Course Outline:

ElectrostaticsPoisson’s and Laplace’s equation for solution of simple potential problems in cartesian spherical and cylindrical coordinates.Stationary electric fields in conducting mediaConservation of change and continuity equation, calculation of resistance of a coaxial cable.Magnetostatic field lawsFaraday’s law; ampere’s law; mutual inductance; magnetic vector potential.Maxwell’s equations Solutions in terms of electromagnetic waves in free space.Orthogonality of E, B and k, Poynting’s vector in free space.Plane electromagnetic waves in matterSolutions of the wave equations in conducting and non conducting media, skin-depth.


7. Reading ListElectromagnetism: Notes by E.J.K.B. BandaFundamentals of Electricity and magnetism: by A. Kip.Electormagnetic fields and Waves: by Lorrain P. and Corson, D.R.Vector Analysis: Schaum’s Outline series.

ELEMENTS OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Course Name : Elements of Astronomy and AstrophysicsCourse Code : PHY2106Credit hours : 2Course Description

This course gives the basics of astronomy and astrophysics. The following are the major topics: Galactic structure and interstellar matter Evolution of the stars Formation of the elements Evolution of the solar system Galaxies Cosmology


Explain the formation of the universe and evolution of the solar system;Relate the stellar distances, motions and dimensions with the known parameters;Describe the nuclear reactions, energy production and synthesis of elements.Draw the Herzsprung-Russel diagram, and relate it to the stellar activities.Explain the big-bang theory.

Course Outline

Galactic structure and interstellar matter Stellar distances and motions, stellar dimensions, stellar atmospheres.Evolution of the stars Types, formation and evolution; Herzsprung-Russel diagram, degeneracy, collapse and super-dense stars.Formation of the elements Nuclear reactions, energy production, synthesis of elements from carbon to californium, isotopic clues in the stars and meteorites.Evolution of the solar system Solar system stability, changes in the earth-moon system.GalaxiesClassification, correlation of morphology, luminosity, radio-emission lines, infrared.Cosmology Big-bang theories versus steady state, remanent radiation

Reading List:

ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS

1. Course Name : Elements Environmental Physics2. Course Code : PHY21073. Credit hours : 24. Course Description

This course gives the basics of environmental Physics to second year major and minor physics students. It is designed to equip students with the knowledge of causes and effects of climatic change. The following are the major topics:


Energy exploitationClimatic changesPollutionInteraction of electromagnetic fields and nuclear radiations with matterRadiation and radioactivityEnvironmental policy

5. Course Objectives:By the end of the course, the student should be able to:List all types of energy sources and state their optimal use;Explain changes in the environment that lead to global warming and how this can be combated;Discuss the various types of pollutants and their effects;Enumerate the various effects of interactions of nuclear radiation with matter;State the national environmental policy.

6. Course Outline:

Review Production, processing and transport of resources and services.Energy exploitation hydroelectric, solar energy, biomass, nuclear energy, fossil energy,, chemical energy and other renewable energy sources.Climatic changes weather and climate elements, local seasons and atmospheric effects, energy balance, global warming, air motion, satellite meteorology.Pollution solid and fluid pollutants, basic acoustics and noise, transport of pollutants.Interaction of electromagnetic fields and nuclear radiations with matter.Radiation and radioactivity radioactive sources, radiation monitoring and safety, radioactive pollution. Nuclear detection techniques and devices.]Environmental policy hazards and risks with technology, mitigation of global warming, damping of industrial and domestic waste, laws agreements and conventions governing environmental degradation.

Reading List


INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

Course Name : Introduction to Computer ScienceCourse Code : PHY2108Credit hours : 2Course Description

This course is offered to second year undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. It is an introduction course to computer science. It covers the architecture of the computer, Input and Output devices. It requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 30 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics;

Different types of computers and their architecture Hardware development: Software development: Operating systems Input and Output devices, the clock, ports. External storage devices


Identify the different parts of a computer assembly;Differentiate between input and output devices;Analyze the different operating systems;Analyze the memory structures and archtecture.

Course OutlineDifferent types of computers.Hardware development: Intel and Motorola microprocessor. Software development: Operating systems, CPM, MS-DOS, UNIX.The CPU, RAM and ROM storage, Input and Output devices, the clock, ports.External storage devices, computers and microprocessors.Memory structure and architecture.

Reading ListStructured Computer Organization, by Andrew S. Tanenbaum


PHYSICS PRACTICALS

1. Course Name : Physics Practicals2. Course Code : PHY22013. Credit hours : 24. Course DescriptionThis course is a continuation of the Physics Practicals done in Semester I. It has 2 credit units, with 4 contact hours per week in the laboratory for 15 weeks i.e. 60 contact hours in a semester


Carry out more advanced experimental work;Relate the theory learnt to the experiments in the laboratory;Apply the knowledge learnt to every-day experiences.

6. Course Outline Atomic physics.Electrostatics.Magnetostatics.Photovoltaics.Physical optics.Semiconductors.

7. Assessment methodThe course is laboratory based. Every student must do at least 12 practical exercises as allocated in the 2nd year laboratory manual in a semester. An average of the 10 best done (marked out of 100%) is taken at the end of the semester.

8. Reading ListA compendium of information including all general physics textbooks and lecture notes.

GEOPHYSICS I

1. Course Name : Geophysics I2. Course Code : PHY22023. Credit hours : 24. Course DescriptionThis is an introductory course in Geophysics. It is an elective course offered in second year. It requires two hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks. In this course students are introduced to the physics of the earth. The following are the major topics:

The Earth’s structure Gravity Gravity reduction and anomalies Isostasy Seismology Geomagnetism Introduction to plate tectonics.


Describe the major component of the structure of the earth Explain the causes of earthquakes and how earthquakes are measured Describe how the source parameters can be determine and the seismic methods used for describing

the Earth’s Structure


Describe variations in gravity g at all points on the earth surface and the different types of gravity anomalies

Describe the earth magnetic field List the basic types of plate boundaries and the possible sources of forces that drive the plate

6. Course OutlineThe Earth’s structure: Crust, mantle, CoreGravity The Earth’s gravity: gravitational force and acceleration, effect of shape, effect of inhomogeneities.Gravity reduction and anomalies Latitude, elevation, free air and Bouguer anomalies.Isostasy: Pratt’s and Airy’s hypotheses.Seismology Earthquakes, seismic wave velocities.

GeomagnetismGeomagnetic elements and magnetic maps, non-dipole field, secular variations and westward drift, generation of the main field. Magnetic reversals and polar wandering.Introduction to plate tectonics.

7. Reading ListFowler C.M.R. ‘‘The Solid Earth’’ Thorne Lay and Terry C. Wallance “Modern Global Seismology.”Ezra M. T. ‘‘An Introduction to Geophysics’’

FLUID PHYSICS

Course Name : Fluid PhysicsCourse Code : PHY2202Credit hours : 2Course DescriptionThis course introduces the dynamics of fluid flow in different material media and also when under specific conditions/forms. It requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 30 contact hours in a Semester.The following are the major topics:

Conservation Laws; Isotropic flows; Shock wave structure; Heat transfer; Basic Concepts of Pneumatics.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Describe the propagation of disturbances in different material media. Derive the relations of the different forms of shock waves i.e. normal, oblique, weak and strong

shocks. Discuss compressible flows when the fluid is subjected to area changes, friction and adding heat to

it. Apply the basic concepts of pneumatics to various fluid flows.

Course OutlineConservation Laws: Propagation of disturbances.


Isotropic flows: Normal shock wave relations; oblique shock waves; weak and strong shocks,Shock wave structure: Compressible flows in ducts; Effect in area change of ducts; Consideration of friction in ducts; Application of heat to fluid in ducts.Heat transfer: High speed flows,Basic Concepts of Pneumatics: Unsteady compressible flows; Riemann Invariants; Piston and shock tube problems; Steady 2D supersonic flow; Prandtl-Meyer function; Self-similar compressible flows.

Reading List Fluid Dynamics for Physicists by T. E. Faber Turbulent Flows by Stephen B. Pope


WAVES AND OPTICS

1. Course Name : Waves and Optics2. Course Code : PHY22063. Credit hours : 24. Course Description

This course introduces general concepts of wave propagation and optics, it requires 3 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e 45 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics:

Wave Concepts Fraunhofer Diffraction Huygen’s - Fresnel Diffraction Vector nature of Light and Polarization Optical Cavity Lasers and Introduction to Holography


Distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic media; Apply the division of amplitude and division of wavefront in solving problems; Distinguish between Fraunhofer and other types of diffraction; Discuss the vector nature of light in respect to polarizations; List a few uses of lasers.

6. Course OutlineWave concepts: Review of wave motion; electromagnetic spectrum; distinctions between isotropic and an isotropic media; Fermat’s principle; principle of superposition; Interference by division of amplitude and wave front applications.Frauhofer diffraction: Narrow single slit; n 2-slits; u-slit and the diffraction grating; Rayleigh criterion; Rectangular and circular apertures; Huygen’s – Fresnel diffraction:Straight edge; 1-slit; The zone plate; Cornu’s spiral and fresnel integrals.Vector nature of light and polarization linearCircular and elliptic polarization; Production of polarized light; Birefringence; Polaroids; Quarter-and half-wave plates; Uniaxial and biaxial crystals; O – and e – rays; Electron dipole oscillator; Scattering.Brief mention of application of lasersOptical activity – rotary dispersion, Kerr, Faraday and Zeeman effectsIntroduction to holography.

7. Reading ListGeometrical and Physical Optics. By R. S. LonghurstModern Optics. By Robert GuentherOptics. By F. G. Smith and J. H. Thomson


QUANTUM MECHANICS I

1. Course Name : Quantum Mechanics I2. Course Code : PHY22073. Credit hours : 34. Course DescriptionThis is a core course offered in second year to students majoring in physics. It requires 3 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 45 contact hours per semester. The course covers:

Bohr model of the atom Quantum effectsWave function and probability amplitudeSchrodinger’s equation for a free particle and for a particle in a box, Energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.Linear operatorsCommutation relations of operators.

5. Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course the student should be able to: Relate the Bohr model of the atom and the spectra of the hydrogen atom to atoms with higher

atomic numbers; Interpret the quantum effects for different types of radiation; Explain the wave-particle nature of radiation; Derive the Schrödinger equation for a free particle and for a particle in the box, and relate it to all

particle nature problems; Use the wuantum mechanics operators when solving problems.

6. Course Outline:The atom Bohr model of the atom – spectra of the hydrogen atom, successes and failures of the Bohr model.Quantum effects Compton effect; Characteristic X-ray spectra; Moseley’s law; Absorption of X-rays.Wave function and probability amplitude; wave particle duality; de Broglie wavelength, Schrodinger’s equation for a free particle and for a particle in a box, energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.Linear operators Postulates of quantum Mechanics and Potential barrier problems; commutation relations of operators.

7. Reading List“Quantum mechanics” by Goswani


ELECTRONICS

Course Name : Electronics Course Code : PHY2208Credit hours : 3Course Description

This course introduces general concepts of Electronics (Analogue and Digital Electronics) and it requires 3 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e 45 contact hours in a semester. It covers the following major topics:

Analogue ElectronicsDigital Electronics


Use the different concepts learnt in electronics;Connect simple circuitry;Apply the knowledge to ever-day usage.

Course Outline

Analogue Electronics:Circuit theory: circuit elements, network theorems – Superposition, Thevenin’s, and Norton’s.A.C. theory: waveforms, transients, tank circuits and impedances.Semiconductor Physics: p-n junctions, the diode.Devices: diodes, the bipolar transistor, its equivalent circuit and different circuit configurations.Regulated power supply: step – down transformers, rectification, filtering, regulation.Power generation: Three phase power generation, phase and line voltages, star and delta connection.Amplification: single stage and two stage, input and output impedance, bandwidth, push-pull operation.Field effect transistors and power transistors.Feedback: positive and negative feedback, oscillators, noise, stability, ideal operational amplifier, multivibrators.Filters and tuned circuits.

Digital Electronics:Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NOR and NAND. Realization, symbols, truth tables.Combinatorial logic: Boolean equations logic functions, truth tables, minimization by Karnaugh map and other methods, decoders, encoders, adders, multiplexers and demultiplexers.Sequential logic: latches and flipflops (RS and JK), counters, shift registers.Analog to digital converters (ADC) and digital to analog converters (DAC).Memories.

Reading ListBasic Electronics, Makerere University by M.L. SeetiBasic Electronics by M. Cirovic Hands-on Electronics by D. M. Kaplan and C. G. White


ACOUSTICS

Course Name : AcousticsCourse Code : PHY2209Credit hours : 2Course DescriptionThis course describes the different types of sound waves and their sources. It also introduces one to the different music instruments, hearing aids, natural sounds as well as sounds in medicine. It requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 30 contact hours in a semester. It covers the following major topics:

Sound Waves; Sources of sound; Intensity of sound; Music Instruments; Hearing aids; Natural sounds; Sounds in medicine.


Distinguish between the different types of sound waves i.e. longitudinal and transverse sound waves.

Describe the different types and designs of music instruments. Identify and discuss the different sources of sound and the intensity of sound. Describe the different applications of ultrasound in medicine.

Course Outline

Sound Waves: Longitudinal and transverse waves; Velocity of sound; Transmission, reflection, refraction and absorption.Sources of sound: Vibrating strings; Air columns; membranes.Intensity of sound:Sound energy; Audio frequencies, beats and Harmonics.Music Instruments: Types and design of microphones; Types and design of loud speakers; Types and

design of attenuators; The human ear.

Hearing aids:

Radio and TV studios; Acoustics of buildings; Echoes and reverberations.

Natural sounds: From animals, birds, wind etc;

Sounds in medicine:Ultrasound applications of sound in medicine.

Reading ListBasic Acoustics by Johnson-2nd edition.The Physics of Sound. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc., by Berg, Richard E. and David G. Stork.


INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

1. Course Name : Industrial Training2. Course Code : PHY23103. Credit hours : 34. Course DescriptionThis is Field Work, a practical course that is to help the students obtain practical skills. Students will be attached to various local industries to acquaint themselves with current industrial processes. The program normally runs after the end of the Semester II, during the recess term.

5. Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Apply the theoretical principles acquired in class to a real world scenarios; Compete favorably with others in the job market; Create their own jobs.

6. Course OutlineThe course is a practical one, with topics varying from one industry to another. The contents of the program are to be agreed between the department and the industrial partner.

7. Teaching and Assessment PatternAn instructor from the industry and a lecturer from the department will supervise and guide the students through out the program. At the end of the period, a report will be written, and the students awarded grades based on their performance.

PHYSICS PRACTICAL


This is a practical course done in third year by students majoring in physics. The course covers Analogue and Digital electronics.

5. Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Apply the theoretical principles acquired in class to experiments; Make and follow simple electronic connection; Differentiate between Analogue and Digital systems.

6. Course Outline: Analog electronics:D.C. power supplies; diodes; bipolar transistors; triode; oscillators; wave shaping circuits.Digital electronics: Digital gates; digital flip-flops; binary addition; encoders and decoders; A/D and D/A conversion.

7. Teaching and assessment methodThis is a practical course where each student is allocated a different sets of experiment each week. The course is assessed by taking the average of the best 10 experiments done in a semester.


8. Reading ListElectronics text books and lecture notes.


GEOPHYSICS II

Course Name : Geophysics IICourse Code : PHY3102Credit hours : 2Course DescriptionThis is an elective course for third year students offered in the first semester.The general aim of the course is to explain the basic principles of the different geophysical methods and their use in locating resources (e.g. hydrocarbons, metallic minerals), groundwater and litho logical mapping. There are two hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks. The course covers:

General survey of applied geophysics methods and field practice Applications of geophysical methods Phases of geophysical survey. Gravity method Magnetic methods Electrical methods Electromagnetic methods

Course Objectives At the end of the course the student should be able to: Describe the most important geophysical methods used to determine physical properties of

subsurface leading to the discovery of minerals of economic interest; Specify the most appropriate technique(s) to solve any particular geological problem; Design and execute geophysical survey for a given area; and Process and interpret geophysical data.

Course Outline:General survey of applied geophysics methods and field practice rock properties, geophysical methods and survey environment.Applications of geophysical methods geological mapping, oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration, ground water and engineering geology.Phases of geophysical survey.Gravity method gravity meters, data reduction, drift and tidal; data presentation and applications.Magnetic methods magnetometers, data reductions, data presentation, applications.Electrical methods resistivity, induced polarization, applications.Electromagnetic methods Principle, theory and measurements, and applications.

Reading ListKerry and Brooks, Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Sherma, P.V, Geophysical methods in geologyDobrin B. Milton and Savit H. Carl, Intoduction to Geophysical ProspectingTelford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E., and Keys, D.A., Applied geophysics

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

1. Course Name : Solid State Physics2. Course Code : PHY31033. Credit hours : 34. Course Description


This course is offered to final year undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The following are the major topics: The free electron theory of metals Introduction to band theory of solids Magnetic properties of solids Introduction to superconductivity

5. Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Formulate the basic principle of electrical and thermal conduction in solids. Describe the Hall effect and its applications in semiconductors Illustrate the band theory of solids, and explain the difference between metals, insulators and

semiconductors. Distinguish the various types of magnetic materials. Explain the important role of the magnetic materials in technology. Relate the properties of superconductivity and the Meissner effect with material structures.

6. Course OutlineThe free electron theory of metals: Electron gas, electronic specific heat, electrical and thermal conduction, Hall effect, dielectric response.Introduction to band theory of solids Metals, insulators and semiconductors; Application of the band theory to semiconductors.Magnetic properties of solids Diamagnetism and paramagnetism; ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic order.Introduction to superconductivity: Experimental survey of properties of superconductors – the Meissner effect (type I and type II superconductors), heat capacity, energy gap; high Tc-superconductors; Applications of superconductivity.

7. Reading ListCharles Kettel; “ Introduction to solid state physics”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Seventh Edition, 1996.J.S. Blackemore, “Solid state physics”, Cambridge University Press, 1985.Harald Ibach- Hans Luth, “ Solid-state Physics, An introduction to theory and Experiment”, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, Madras,1992.

QUANTUM MECHANICS II

1. Course Name : Quantum Mechanics II2. Course Code : PHY31073. Credit hours : 34. Course Description

This course is offered to second year undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. It is an advanced course and requires the student to have done Quantum Mechanics I. It requires 3 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 45 contact hours in semester. It covers the following major topics:

Orbital Angular momentum and orbital Magnetic quantum number. Vector addition of angular momenta. Symmetry of state functions for two electron atoms. Further discussion of the Pauli exclusion principle Variational principle, time-independent and time – dependent perturbation theory; the Born

approximation and its applications; partial wave analysis.



At the end of the course the student should be able to: Work with orbital angular momentum and its vector additions; Solve time independent and time-dependent perturbation problems; Give vector symmetry functions; Use the Born approximation theories.

6. Course OutlineOrbital Angular momentum and orbital Magnetic quantum number.Vector addition of angular momenta.Symmetry of state functions for two electron atoms.Further discussion of the Pauli exclusion principle.Variational principle, time-independent and time – dependent perturbation theory; the Born approximation and its applications; partial wave analysis.

7. Reading ListQuantum Mechanics, by Goswami, Amit.

AGRICULTURAL PHYSICS

Course Name : Agricultural PhysicsCourse Code : PHY3109Credit hours : 3Course Description

This course focuses mainly on the atmosphere, heat transfers and the composition of the soil. It requires 2 hours of lectures per week for 15 weeks i.e. 30 contact hours in semester. The following are the major topics:

Atmosphere.Heat and Mass transferIntroduction to Soil Physics


Discuss the atmosphere and its constituents;Explain how heat and mass transfers takes place in the atmosphere;To give the various soil compositions;Measure the soil moisture content and obtain the characteristics;Give the physical conditions that enhance crop growth and production.

Course Outline

Atmosphere:Physics of gases, water vapour in the atmosphere, variation of pressure, density, vapour pressure in the atmosphere with altitude.Heat and Mass transfer: Transfer of momentum. Heat and mass at boundary layers between the atmosphere and various surfaces, resistances to momentum, conservation – free and forced, conduction with application to heat flow in soils.Introduction to Soil Physics: Energy balance concept, energy balance in soils, moisture content, soil densities, soil water potential, soil moisture characteristics, hydraulic conductivity.

Reading List

PHYSICS PROJECT


Course Name : Solid State PhysicsCourse Code : PHY3201Credit hours : 3Course Description

This course introduces students to research. At the end of the course, the student is required to write a report. A computer will be a very necessary tool in this course.It is a 3 credit hour course.

Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Apply the theoretical principles acquired in class to experiments; Do research with minimum supervision; Present and defend his/her work with confidence. Write a project report.

Course Outline:Workshop practiceProposal writingImplementation of project workOral presentation of reports (15 min)

Reading ListAny book of relevance and the Internet.

MATERIALS SCIENCE

1. Course Name : Material Science2. Course Code : PHY32033. Credit hours : 34. Course DescriptionThis course is offered to final year undergraduate physics majors, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The following are the major topics:Mechanical propertiesOxidation and corrosionFerrous materialsCeramicsPolymersComposites

5. Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to:Relate mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties to material structures.Describe and draw phase diagrams, and use phase rule and equilibrium conditions.Apply the processing, properties and applications of Ferrous and non-ferrous, ceramics and

polymers.Recognize the role of the interfacial boundary between the components in establishing a coherent

composite.

6. Course Outline

Mechanical propertiesReview of properties of Materials, Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Electrical properties and Optical properties. Phase Diagram Equilibrium.Phase Diagram and EquilibriumThe Phase rule, Electric Diagrams, Binary Diagrams.


Ferrous MaterialsIron and its allotropes, cast iron carbon alloys and steels Applications.Non-Ferrous MetallicSelected examples of aluminium, copper and magnesiumCeramics General properties, Processing for various applications Mechanical failure of ceramicsPolymers Polymerization, General properties, Applications, Wood and Wood processing.Composites cement-aggregate, fibre-reinforced, properties of composites.

7. Reading ListCharles Kettel; “ Introduction to solid state physics”

John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Seventh Edition, 1996.2. Lawrence H. Van Vlack, “ elements of Materials Science and Engineering” Addison- Wesley

publishing company, Reading, Massachusetts, Amsterdam, London, Tokyo, 1980.3. Yosto Kaahwa, “Introduction to Engineering Materials” Physics Department, Makerere

University, 1999.4. Donald. R. Askeland, “ The Science and Engineering of Materials,” Chapman and Hall, 1996.5. C. N. Rao and K.J. Rao, “Phase Transitions in Solids.” McGraw-Hill Inc. Great Britain 1978.

SOLAR ENERGY

1. Course Name : Solar Energy2. Course Code : PHY32043. Credit hours : 34. Course DescriptionThis is an introductory course in solar energy. The aim is to provide basic principles of solar energy. The course is divided into the following two parts: Solar radiation fundamentals and Solar energy utilization. The content the course will be covered in one academic semester with 45 contact hours. The following are the major topics:

Solar Radiation Fundamentals Solar Energy utilization

5. Course ObjectivesBy the end of the course, the student should be able to: Explain the spectral distribution of solar energy; Analyze thermal conversion of solar energy with respect to the different surfaces; Explain photovoltaic conversion of solar energy. Design solar thermal panels and solar heating systems; Advise the general public about the most efficient ways of solar energy utilization.

6. Course Outline

Solar Radiation Fundamentals: Radiation laws, the Sun, Sun-earth geometry.

Solar constant, extraterrestrial radiation, spectral distribution, attenuation of solar Radiation by the atmosphere, terrestrial radiation, direct, diffuse and global Radiation, air mass, solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces, measurement of solar radiation.

Solar Energy utilization: Fundamentals of heat transfer, optics of collectors, reflection and refraction at dielectric interfaces, transmittance and reflectance of single and multiple glazings. Optical efficiency. Concentrators. Solar thermal panels. Solar


heating systems. Heat exchangers and heat pumps. Solar photovoltaics. Efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Photovoltaic array and systems, PV system sizing.

7. Reading ListG. D. Rai, Solar Energy Utilization, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.V. Silvestrini, Physics and Technology of Solar Cells: Status and Perspectives Vol 2.

MICROWAVE AND FIBRE OPTICS

1. Course Name : Microwave and Fibre Optics2. Course Code : PHY32053. Credit hours : 34. Course Description

This course is offered to final year undergraduate physics, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. The course introduces students to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.The following are the major topics: Microwave Physics Fibre Optics Propagation characteristics and focusing Optical communication

5. Course Objectives:By the end of the course, the student should be able to:Apply the principles of generation, transmission and application of microwaves;Relate these principles to the telecommunications in the country;Explore the optical communication systems techniques and compare with other methods of

transmission.

6. Course Outline:MicrowaveReview of electromagnetic theory, transmission lines, electromagnetic resonators, microwave generators, applications of microwaves, basic theory of guiding, TE and TM modes

Fibre-opticsPropagation characteristics and focusing effects of an optical wave-guide, single mode wave guide, optical sources for fibre communications, types of optical sources, modulation, de-modulation and optical integrated circuits, optical fibre transmission lines, transmission loss of optical fibre, jointing, connecting and cabling.

Optical communication systems and applicationsTransmission distance with optical fibre, examples of optical transmission techniques.

7. Reading ListA. J. Baden Fuller (An introduction to microwave theory and techniques)N. Grote and H. Venghaus (Fibre Optic Communication Devices). S. O. Kasap (Optoelectronics and Photonics)

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

1. Course Name : Nuclear Physics2. Course Code : PHY32063. Credit hours : 34. Course Description


The nucleus is the center of the atom anad contains all the positive charge and almost all the atomic mass. Nuclear Physics deals with the properties and structure of the nucleus, sub-atomic particles and their interactions.The following are the major topics: Nuclear structure The unified nuclear model Scattering Transition probabilities Particle accelerators

5. Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course students should be able to: Describe the structure of the nucleus and the nature of nuclear forces. Explain the interactions of nucleons and other subatomic particles with nuclear

matter. Use nuclear models to explain nuclear properties, nuclear stabilities and nuclear

reactions. Give the properties and classify elementary particles. Describe some properties of nuclear science and technology in development.

6. Course Outline

Nuclear structure: Rutherford’s model and alpha-particle scattering, nuclear binding energy, radioactive decays, the law of radioactive decay, radioactive series, nuclear energy-fission and fusion. Nuclear masses. Types of Nuclear Interactions:Strong, weak and superweak electromagnetic interactions. Nuclear Models:Simple treatment of nuclear models: shell model, liquid drop model.The unified nuclear model.Scattering, scattering amplitude and cross-section.Applications of the Born approximation – partial wave analysis.Parity, isospin, angular momentum.Transition probabilities, the Golden rule.Particle accelerators. Elementary particles: Classification, lifetimes, quantum numbers, conservation laws, resonances and symmetries.

7. Reading List

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Course Name : Computer ApplicationsCourse Code : PHY3208Credit hours : 3Course DescriptionThis course is offered to third year undergraduate physics students, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. It follows the computer science course taught in second year. It covers the following major topics:

More advanced operating systems; Computer applications; Database management; Computer programming Introduction to systems analysis and design


Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course the student should be able to: Work with different operating systems;Differentiate between input and output devices;Analyze and design computer systems;

Course Outline

MS-DOS, Windows, Introduction to Networks and Internet and UNIX.Some applications: word processing (MS-word, Wordperfect), Spreadsheet management (lotus123, Ms-Excel), Database management (dBase III/IV, MS-ACCESS)Computer programming: Basic, Pascal, Introduction to C, Fortran, C++Introduction to systems analysis and design:problem definition, feasibility study, analysis, design, hardware/software selection, implementation.

ELEMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL PHYSICS

Course Name : Computer ApplicationsCourse Code : PHY3209Credit hours : 3Course DescriptionThis course is offered to third year undergraduate physics students, in the Bachelor of Science programme of Makerere University. It covers the following major topics:

Fluid flowPressureHeat conductionFriction and lubricationHazardsThin films


Apply the classroom physics to industrial applications;Apply the theoretical principles acquired in class to a real world scenarios;Demonstrate the awareness of hazards due to faulty connections;Analyse the thin film technologies.

Course Outline

Fluid flow: stream line and turbulence flow.Pressure: compressions and applications, Vacuum systems, low pressures, vapours and moist content.Heat conduction:heat exchangers, crop drying, refrigeration and air cooling, ventilation and air circulation in closed chambers.Friction and lubrication: dangers from moving parts, slippery floors.Noise and noise attenuaters.Hazards: from poor power connections, charge accumulation, inflammable fluids, toxic materials and lighting intensity levels.


Thin films: fabrication technologies – evaporation, electron deposition, sputtering, chemical vapour deposition spray pyrolysis, characterisation of thin films – optical and magnetic methods, applications – photovoltaic, window coatings, protective coatings.

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

ZOOLOGY (MAJOR AND MINOR)

DETAILED SYLLABI

1.0 COURSE NAME: LOWER INVERTEBRATES AND MICROSCOPY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 1101 (level One Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONKingdoms: Monera, Protista, Protozoa, and Porifera. (Diversity and Classification)

Kingdom MoneraThe single-celled prokaryotic organisms known as bacteria. Brief consideration of the

characteristic features of bacteria, including their groupings. Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Coccus,

Bacillus, and Spirillum. A brief mention of viruses as internal infectious particles of bacteria and

other organisms.

Kingdom ProtistaThese are various kinds of eukaryotic single-celled organisms. Consideration of the characteristic

features of the known phyla of living Protista. Members of the genus example Euglenophyta

having both plant-like and animal-like features. Staff need to remember to use recent literature to

be able to reflect on changes in systematics

ProtozoaLocomotion: By flagella, Cilia and amoeboid movement. Cellular inclusions: nuclear structures,

mitochondria, kinetoplasts, plastids, photoreceptors, trichocysts, contractile vacuoles.

Feeding: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and holophytic and. saprozoic nutrition.

Growth and Reproduction: asexual, sexual. Growth of protozoa populations. Classification. of

protozoa

PoriferaBody organization: asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid types. The skeleton. Reproduction: sexual,

asexual. Classification of porifera.

Microscopy


Principles of microscopic analysis: Light fluorescence acoustic and electron microscopy; X-ray

diffraction; Method of direct observation of living tissues and cells; isolation of components of

living cells by differential centrifugation; preparation and examination of killed cells; histological

and cytochemical tissue staining methods; chemical basis of staining, fixation and chemical

interaction.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course students are expected to have acquired knowledge about the:

I. (1) (a) diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms that occur on earth, viz (a) viruses (b) bacteria,

blue-green algae, (Kingdom, Monera), (c) protozoa, algae and slime molds (Kingdom Protista)

and sponges (phylum, porifera). (b) Need for classifying living things on earth.

(2) Structural and physiological features that enable organisms in question to exist in

environments where they occur.

(3) Importance of the organisms in the economy of nature and man’s economy.

II. (1) Microscopes and their importance in biology.

(2) Working of microscopes and how they can be effectively used.

(3) range of microscopes available for various uses in biology.

READING LIST1. Barnes, R.S.K., P. Callau, P.J. W. Olive, D. W. Golding & J.I. Spicer, 2001. The Invertebrates.

A synthesis 3rd Edition, Blackwell Science.

2. Barnington, E.J. W. 1974. Invertebrate Structure and Function. The English Language Book

Society and Nelso.

3. Buchsbaum, R. 1972. Animals without Backbones. I. Penguin Books, England.

4. Bullough, W.S. 1970. Practical Invertebrate Anatomy, 2nd Edition, McMillan.

5. Elliot, A.P. and G.W. Bird, 1985. Use and care of Bright Field Light Microscope. Pp. 179-187. in

Plant Nematology: Laboratory Manual. Zuckerman, B.M. and W.F. Mai (Eds). The University of

Massachusetts, U.S.A.

6. Lapage, G. 1963. Animals Parasitic in Man. Dover Publications Inc. New York.

7. Smyth, J. D. 1970. Introduction to Parasitology, The English Universities Press.

8. Winfield, A.L. and J.F. Southey, 1986. The use of optical Microscope in Nematology. Pp 95-

106 in: Laboratory Methods for work with plant and soil Nematodes. J.F. Southy (Ed.). London,

Her Majesty’s Stationery office, U.K.

1.0 COURSE NAME: HIGHER INVERTEBRATES


2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 1102 (level One Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONPhylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata)Life diversity of form: polyp, medusa, polymorphic colonies. Feeding of polyp and medusa,; and

nematocyst discharge. Digestion and circulation. Neuromuscular coordination and locomotion.

Skeleton: chitinous, hydrostatic and calcareous. Reproduction: asexual, sexual. Regeneration.

Classification of cnidaria.

Phylum PlatyhelminthesBody Organization (external and internal anatomy). Neuromuscular system. Feeding and

structure of gastrovascular cavity. Excretion and osmoregulation. Reproduction and development:

anatomy of reproductive system. Larval stages. Regeneration, Behaviour, Classification of

platyhelminthes.

Phylum Pseudocoelomates (Nematodes)Body organization: external, internal anatomy. The cuticle. Locomotion. Feeding and the structure

of the gut. Excretion. Nervous system. Reproduction: life cycle and development. Classification of

pseudocoelomates

Phylum AnnelidaBody organization: external and internal anatomy

Locomotion, neuromuscular system. Feeding and structure of the gut. Burrowing herbivores,

tentacle feeders and filter feeders; carnivores. Coelomic fluid, circulation and respiration,

respiratory pigments. Excretion, reproduction, regeneration, nervous system and behaviour.

Classification of Annelida.

Phylum ArthropodaBody organization: body appendages, feeding, digestion (structure of the gut). Modification of

Mandibulate plan: insect mouth parts, filter feeders. Circulation: vascular system and blood).

Respiration gills, tracheae, tracheal gills. Excretion and osmoregulation. Locomotion,

neuromuscular system, sense organs, reproduction and development. Hormones: colour changes

in Crustacea, moulting, growth and metamorphosis. Behaviour. Classification of Arthropoda.

Phylum MolluscaBody organization: mantle cavity, shell and respiration. Excretion. Feeding and digestion. Blood

and circulation. Neuromuscular system: nervous system and locomotion. Sense organs and

behavior. Reproduction and development. Classification of Mollusca.


Phylum EchinodermataBody organization: skeleton and water vascular system (hydraulic skeleton and locomotion).

Respiration and Circulation. The hemal system. Feeding and the structure of the gut. Nervous

system. Behavior, reproduction and development. Classification of Echinodermata.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVES1) To provide opportunities to students to learn and develop skills in (a) identifying organisms

belonging to the divisions (Aschelminthes viz. the phyla, Rotifera, Gastroticha, Kinorhyncha,

Priapulida, Nematoda and Nematomorpha, and (2) Mollusca.

b) understanding their biology (c) recognizing damage due to the feeding by some members of

some phyla that are parasites.

2) To provide an in-depth update and discussion on topics and issues of current importance to

public health pest management industry. Specifically nematode parasites of animals and plants

and molluscan animal parasite vectors are found in most parts of the world. Their relevance to

public health depends on the type and degree of their association with the human environment.

They need the information to ensure that food products are clean and pest free. Waling

barefooted through contamination soil must be avoided.

READING LIST1. Barnes, R.S.K., P. Callau, P.J. W. Olive, D.W. Golding and J.I. Spicer, 2001. The

Invertebrates: A synthesis, 3rd Edition, Blackwell Science.

2. Buchsbaum, R. 1972. Animals without Backbones, I. Penguin Books, England.

3. Dropkin, V.H. 1978. Ecology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes John Wiley & Sons. N.Y.

4. Lamberti, F and C.E. Taylor 1979. Rootknot nematodes (Meleidogyne species): systematics,

Biology and Control. Academic Press.

5. Lapage, G. 1963. Animals Parasitic in Man. Dover Publications Inc. N.Y.

6. Morton, J.E. 1971. Molluscs, Biological Sciences.

7. Nickle, W. 1984. Plant and Insect Nematodes. Marcel Decker Inc. N.Y. & Basel.

8. Norton, D.C. 1978. Ecology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. John Wiley & Sons. N.Y.

9. Purchon, R.D. 1968. The Biology of Mollusca, Pergamon Press, U.K.

10. Smyth, J.D. 1970. Introduction to Animal Parasitology. The English Universities Press,

London.

11. Southey, J.F. 1982. Plant Nematology: London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

12. Veech, J.E. and D. N. Dickson, 1987. Vistas on Nematology: A commemoration of the

Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Society of Nematologists. Society of Nematologists, Inc.

13. Zuckerman, B.M. and R.A. Rohde, 1981. Plant Parasitic Nematodes Vol. III, Academic Press

N.Y.


1.0 COURSE NAME: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 1201 (level One Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONReproduction (a) Introduction: spontaneous, biogenesis, importance/significance of reproduction).

(b) The germ cells: ontogeny of gonads, sex determination, gonadal dimorphism, gametogenesis

and the role of hormones.

(c) Fertilization: oestrus, ovulation, germ transfer, enzyme-driven processes, syngany,

(d) Errors of fertilization, implantation and placentas.

Development Embryology of Amphioxus:

Types of egg cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, development of the organ systems: nervous

system mesoderm and notochord. Amphibian embryology: Cleavage, blastulation and

gastrulation, compared with Amphioxus with emphasis on advancement of systems and organ

processes. Polarity of blastula and gastrula. Development of organ systems mesoderm

differentiation and notochord. Organ forming areas, organizers, induction, transplants and

hetroplastic grafting.

Embryology of the duck:

Meroblastic cleavage, blastula and gastrula. Primitive streak, Embryo development; mesoderm

neural folds, neural groove, enteron. Development as far as 33 hours of incubation; brain, heart,

fetal membranes, yolk sac, allantois, amnion and chario or serosa. Development as far as 38

hours of incubation; flexion; torsion resulting into C-shaped chick blastoderm

Embryology of the Mammal:

Cleavage comparing with Amphioxus, Frog and chick blastoderm. Differentiation of the germ

layers; Trophectoderm and inner mass cells.

Type of placenta:

Development of 7mm pig embryo; external morphology, internal morphology; spinal nerves,

neural tube. Origin of the gut (fore and hind gut). Human development; human embryos and

multiple births.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course students should be able to

Describe the process of , blastulation and gastrulation Compare and contrast the developmental stages among amphioxus, frog , pig and man Identify the different embryonic membranes and where they are found Examine the changes in development in the chick at 24 hours , 33 hours and 72 hours after

incubation Describe the development of the man from fertilization till birth


READING LIST1. James Ebert (1965) Interacting systems in Development

2. Jack Cohen (1967) Living embryos, an introduction to the study of animal Development

3. P.S Dharmi and Chordate zoology

4. Bradley M.Patten (1958) Foundations of Embryology

1.0 COURSE NAME: VERTEBRATES ONE (Vertebrate origin, Evolution and General Characteristics).2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 1202 (level One Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONVertebrate origins and evolution: general characteristics of vertebrates: primitive chordate types

with particular emphasis on Branchiostoma; invertebrate origins of the chordates; the geological

time scale and succession of vertebrate life. The origins, fossil record, characteristic features

adaptive radiation and array of vertebrates’ race illustrated by reference to the following groups:

ostracoderms, placoderms, cyclostomes, cartilaginous and bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles,

birds and mammals. The functional morphology, phylogeny, natural history and aspects of

physiology and development of the above-mentioned groups should be emphasized.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVES1. To distinguish Protochordates and chordates from all other animal phyla.

2. To describe the origins and evolution of vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and

mammals.

3. To explain the distinguishing characteristics of each vertebrate class.

4. To discuss the taxonomic classification of vertebrate classes.

5. To outline the zoogeographical distribution of mammals.

READING LIST1. Dorit R.L.; W.F. Walker & R. D. Barnes (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. Chicago,

London.

2. Hickman C.P.; L.S. Roberts & A. Larson (2001). Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11 th Ed.

McGraw-Hill Higher Education. New York.

3. Vaughan T.A (1986). Mammalogy, 3rd Ed. Saunders College Publishers. New York, Tokyo.

4. Young J.Z. (1981). The Life of Vertebrates, 3rd Ed. Clarendon Press. Oxford.

1.0 COURSE NAME: VERTEBRATES TWO (Vertebrate Structure and Function)2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2101 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONIchthyology


Origin of Chordates:

General characteristics of Chordates (Phylum Chordata). Fish are the lowest group of the

Subphylum Vertebrata. According to evolutionary theory, fishes are distant ancestors of man and

without piscine ancestry man might never have evolved.

Fish fins, tails and Scales:.

Fins evolved to give limbs in higher vertebrates, and scales gave rise to teeth and nails.

Ostracoderms:

These are ancient groups of fishes that gave rise to modern fishes and eventually to man.

Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes:

Anatomy, physiology and general characteristics of Chondrichthyes and

Osteichthyes. Their evolutionary advances over the lower groups, like, the Cyclostomes and

Placoderms.

Nutrition in fishes and their feeding adaptations.

Fish Classification.

The relationships of fishes to mankind.

Herpetology and Ornithology

General morphology and anatomy of amphibians and reptiles, including body form and

integument (2 hrs)

Reproductive strategies of modern Amphibians, A survey of various reproductive

adaptations and a brief consideration of paedogenesis and neoteny (2 hrs)

Reptilian dentition: tooth form, teeth arrangement, dental development and tooth

replacement (2 hrs)

Venomous reptiles: venomous lizards and snakes, their geographic distribution, venom

apparatus, venom, treatment of snake bite, economic importance of snake venom (3 hrs)

Flight in birds: structural adaptations for flight, aerodynamics of flight, types of flight (2

hrs)

Feeding in birds: food of birds, methods of food analysis, feeding habits of birds,

alimentary canal and digestion (2 hrs)

Blood circulatory system of birds: functions of circulatory system, morphology and

physiology of circulatory system (heart and heart rate, arterial and venous systems),

blood, lymphatic system (3 hrs)

Excretion and osmoregulation: kidney and nitrogenous waste excretion, salt excretion,

water regulation, respiration in birds (avian lungs and airsacs, ventilation, other functions

of the respiratory system) (2 hrs)

Reproduction in birds: male and female systems, breeding habits and behaviour (2 hrs)

Migration and orientation in birds: types of migration, origin of migration, evidence for

migration, causes of migration, orientation) (3 hrs)

Economic importance of birds: beneficial aspects, harmful aspects (2 hrs)


Mammology

Major mammalian characteristics in relation to their functions. Distinctive structural

features of the three major groups of modern mammals; monotremes, marsupials,

placentals (2 hrs)

Adaptive Radiation; divergence and convergence, local and continental, resultant

structural modifications, parallelism between the Northern Hemisphere, Africa and the

Australian realms, successive radiation, tooth radiation (3 hrs)

Skin and Hair; modifications of the skin and their functions, different types of pelage and

their functions (2 hrs)

Locomotion; locomotory adaptations in terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic and volant mammals

(2 hrs)

Diet and structural and functional adaptations. – Examples: rodents, carnivores,

ungulates, elephants, whales. Mammalian teeth, crown patterns of molar teeth, gut

modifications and function (3 hrs)

Adaptation for carnivorous life; Order carnivora and other carnivorous mammals (2 hrs)

Mammalian ant-eaters; common features and their functions among different orders (2

hrs)

Adaptations for aquatic life; morphological features like body form, ears and limbs.

Physiological features especially in whales (2 hrs)

Order primates; distinctive characters, evolutionary events and structures that led to the

success of man, human races (2 hrs)

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVES1. Critical analysis of the internal wild vertebrates structural systems in relation to function

(Fish, herpetiles, birds and mammals)2. Economic importance of each taxa

READING LISTDhami, P.s. and Dhami, J.K. (2002). Chordate Zoology. Sharma, Proprietor and Co. New Delhi. http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/ornitholsyl.htmwww.usd.edu/biol/faculty/swanson/ornith/ Young, J.Z. 1981. The life of vertebrates. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.Zug, G. R. (1993). Herpetology. An introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press Inc. California

1.0 COURSE NAME: BASIC ENTOMOLOGY 2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2102 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONClass Insecta: Classification of the (29?) orders, function, morphology. Cuticle structure and function,

ventilation (gaseous exchange) feeding and digestion (i.e., habits and adaptations), Circulation (blood


http://www.usd.edu/biol/faculty/swanson/ornith/

http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/ornitholsyl.htm

system), excretion and water balance, neuroendocrinology and introduction to the systems: endocrine

organs, growth and moulting, phylogeny, systematics and identification of some pests and vectors,

reproduction, locomotion, biotic associations, communications and behaviour.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course students should be able to:

Differentiate the various groups of insects

Describe the generalized external and internal structure of an insect.

Describe the functions of the external and internal structures of an insect

READING LISTDavies R.G. (1992). Outlines of Entomology, Chapman and Hall (London) 408pp. ISBN 0-412-26680-6.

Chapman R.F. (1988). The Insects Structure and function. ENBS. Hongkong 919pp. ISBN 0-340-28401-3.

Wigglesmorth V.B. (1972). The Principles of Insect Physiology. Chapman and Hall, London 827pp, ISBN

0-412-24660-0.

1.0 COURSE NAME: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2201 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Darwinian and Non-Darwinian theories of evolution (e.g. Larmack, Wallace); Origin of life; Evidence for evolution; Genetic variation and maintenance of diversity in populations; The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; Polymorphism; Natural selection and genetic change in evolution; Directional (stabilizing, disruptive) and Sexual selection; Adaptation: defensive and symbiotic adaptations; The Species Concept and Modes of speciation - genetic drift and the founder principle, geographic isolation: allopatric and sympatric speciation, reproductive isolating mechanisms-; Adaptive radiation; Rates of evolution; Determining phylogenetic relationships – phenetics, cladistics; Evolution of supraspecific categories and classification of organisms; Social, religious and philosophical implications of evolutionary theories; Evolution of social behaviour and sociobiology

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESThe course aims to introduce students to evolutionary concepts and demonstrate how evolution underpins

other disciplines. By the end of the course students should be able to:

- Describe the origins of matter.

- Explain why there is remarkable similarity in anatomy, physiology and behaviour among different

groups of organisms.

- Describe the mechanisms that maintain diversity among populations.

- Illustrate the importance of evolutionary theory to other disciplines in the biological and social

sciences.

READING LIST


Dobzhansky, T, Ayala, F.J., Stebbins, G.L., and Valentine, J.W. (1976). Evolution. Surjeet Publications,

India. 572pp.

Levine, J.S. and Miller, K.R. (1992). Biology: discovering life. D.C. Heath and Company, Toronto, Canada.

OR any other text on general zoology that covers evolution

1.0 COURSE NAME: BASIC PARASITOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2202 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

The course examines biological associations, types of parasites, types of hosts, evolution of parasitism,

geographical distribution of parasitic diseases; the host-parasite relationships, immunity and disease;

parasitic groups (amoebae, protozoa, helminthes, viruses, Arthropods).

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course the students should be able to:

Describe the morphology of various parasites

Describe the global and local distribution of parasites

Indicate the economic importance, both global and local of various parasitic groups (e.g.

number of countries affected, number of people considered to be at risk, estimated

number of cases).

Describe the life cycles

Identify / diagnose the parasite

Describe possible strategies for control

READING LIST1. Symth D (1994). Introduction to animal parasitology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge 549pp. ISBN 0-521-428811-4.2. Post G. (1987). Textbook of fish health. T F H Publications, New Jersey 288pp. ISBN 086622-491-2.3. Peters W and Gills H M (1988). Colour atlas of tropical medicine and parasitology, Mosby Wolfe (Pub.) London 248pp ISNB 0-7234-2069-6.4. Roberts R (Editor) (1989). Fish pathology. W B Saunders, London 467pp. ISBN 0-7020 1314-5

5. Flipp P J (1979). An introduction to human parasitology with reference to Southern Africa. Hodder and Stoughton, South Africa. 189pp ISBN 1874958254.6. Shepherd J and Bromage N (1992). Intensive fish farming. Blackwell Science Ltd. London. 403pp. ISBN 0-632-0367-x.7. Molyneux D H and Ashford R W (1983). The biology of Trypanosoma and Leishmania, parasites of man and domestic animals.8. Stephen L E (1986). Trypanosomiasis. A veterinary perspective, Pergamon Press, Oxford 551pp. ISBN 0-04614001-8.9. Tailor A E R and Baker J R (1968). The cultivation of parasites invitro. Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford 377 pp ISBN 632039809.10. Mulligan H W (1970). The African trypanosomiasis George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London 950pp. ISBN 0-04614001-8.


11. Gordon R M and Lavoipierre M M J (1972). Entomology for students of medicine. Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 353 pages.12. Macpherson C N L and Craig P.S (Eds) (1991). Parasitic helminthes and zoonoses I Africa.

Unwin Hyman, London. ISBN 0-0445565-8.

13. Thompson R C A (1986). The biology of Echinococcus and Hydatid disease. London, Allen

and Unwin.

14. Kaddu J B., Jones M and Jones, J (1999). Biology for East Africa. Cambridge University

Press, Cape Town 354pp. ISBN 0-521-59780-3.

15. Hoare C A (1972). The Trypanosomes of mammal. Blackwell, Oxford.

16. Long B.L. (1990). Caccidiosis of Man and domestic animals. CRC Press, Boston. ISBN 0-

8493-6269-5, 356pp.

17. Barnes R S K, Carlow P and Olive P J W (1993). The Invertebrates: a new synthesis.

Lackwell Scientific publications, London, 488pp ISBN 0632-03127-1.

18. Hansen J and Perry B (1994). Helminth parasites of ruminants. The epidemiology, diagnosis

and control. A handbook. ILRAD, Nairobi, 170pp. ISBN 92-9055-703-1.

19. Okello-Onen J Hassan, S M and Essuman S (1999). Taxonomy of African ticks, An

identification manual. ICIPE Science Press 124pp ISBN 92-90641274.

20. Kaddu J B, Warhurst, D C and Pters W (1974). The chemotherapy of Rodent malaria, xix.

The Action of a tetracycline derivative, minocycline, on drug resistant Plasmodium berghei. An.

Trop. Med. Parasit. 68-, 41-46.

21. Kaddu J B. (1986). Leishmania in Kenyan Phlebotomine sandflies – III. Advances in the

investigations of vectorial capacity and vector-parasite relationships of various species of

sandflies in Kenya Insect Sci., Applic. 7, 207-212.

22. Kaddu J B, Musyoki R M (1988). Detection of Leishmania donovani in live experimental

harmsters. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, 229-230.

23. Kaddu J B, Mutinga M J and Nyamori M P (1986). Leishmania in Kenyan Phlebotomine

sandflies – IV. Artificial feeding and attempts to infect six species of laboratory-reared sandflies

with Leishmania donovani, Insect Sci. Applic. 731.

24. Kaddu J B and Mutinga M J (1988). Some concepts of the interaction of Trypanosoma

(Nannomonas) congolese and Glosina Pallidipes, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 82, 229-234.

25. Okot-kotiber, B M, Mutinga M J and Kaddu J B (1989). Biochemical characterization of

Leishmania spp. Isolated from man and wild animals in Kenya. Intern. J. Parasit. 19, 657-663.

26. Kaddumukasa M A., Kaddu J B and Makanga B. (2005). Nematodes in the Nile tilapia,

Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Wamala, Uganda. Uganda J. Agric. Sci.

27. Kaddu J B and Nyamori M P (1990). Nutrient both for the cultivation of Leishmania J. Parasit.

76(2), 265-266.

28. Mbahenzireki, G.B.A. (1980). Observations on some common parasites of Bagrus docmac

Forsakl (Pisces: Sluroidea) of Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia, 75, 273-280.


Websites of the following institutions will provide useful information WHO, FAO, CDC.

1.0 COURSE NAME: BIOGEOGRAPHY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2204 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Mammals and birds of the world (slides), Range of zoogeography; Ethiopian realm. The zoogeography of

the Palearctic and Nearctic realms, The zoogeography of the Neotropical and Oriental realm, The

zoogeography of the Australian realm. The cause for dispersal, ecology of animal dispersal, evolution of

animals.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVES Analysis of spatial distributions of organisms

To introduce the learners to the study of distribution of plants and animals around the world

To familiarize learners with the relevance of paleoecology to understanding present day patterns

of distribution

To introduce the learners to the variety of plants and animals on earth and possible factors that

influenced their evolution and current distribution

To examine the patterning of island Biota and understand how such information may be used to

conserve the present day biodiversity

READING LIST

Myers A.A & Giller P.S 1988 Analytical Biogeography: An integrated approach to the study of animal and Plant distributionsPielou E. C. 1992 Biogeography

MacArthur R. H. & E. O Wilson 1967 The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press

Journal of Biogeography

Maguran A.E. 1988 Ecological diversity and its measurement

Tivy J 1993 Biogeography: A study of Plants in the ecosphere

Soule M E. 1986 Conservation Biology: The science of scarcity and diversity

1.0 COURSE NAME: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 2205 (level Two Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

History of microbiology and biotechnology. Types of microorganisms. General properties of microorganisms, impact of microorganisms on human affairs. Microbial techniques: sterilization, aseptic techniques culture and culture media, monophasic, diphasic etc for isolating microorganisms from nature. Molecular aspects of protein synthesis.Viruses: Structure, function and classification. Viral reproduction, important viral pathogens.


Public health microbiology: Waterborne, foodborne, environmental microbial diseases. Antimicrobial agents, antiseptics, microbial conservation.Applications of microbiology: in biotechnology, for example, food production, biogenetic engineering, bioremediation, crop and animal production energy generation.Biogeochemical cycles: Impact of microorganisms on carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, methane and phosphorus. Eutrophication, effect of human activities on natural cycles.

Growth of microorganisms: Growth of autotrophs and heterotrophs. Growth in continuous and batch cultures.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESAt the end of the course students should be able to:

a) Define and describe the aspects of microbiology and biotechnology

b) Describe the importance of microorganisms in public health

c) Relate the role of microorganisms in the production industry and waste management

d) Describe the importance of microorganisms in the control of pests and nutrient cycling.

READING LIST

1. Atlas, M.R. and Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial ecology. Fundamentals and applications (4 th edn.).

Benjamins/Cummins Publishing Company, Inc. California.

2. Brock. (1997). The Biology of Microorganisms (8 th edn.). Prentice Hall International, Inc. New

Jersey.

3. Hans, G. S. (1992). General microbiology (7th edn.). Cambridge University Press, New York.

4. Heritage, J., Evans, E.G.V., and Killington, R.A (1996). Introductory microbiology. Cambridge

Universit

1.0 COURSE NAME: COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY 2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3103 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Phylogenic approach to the study of systems concerned with the integration of the invertebrate and

vertebrate body functions in relation to environmental conditions.

Introduction to animal physiology: body fluids and osmoregulation, respiration, respiration rate and rate of

heat loss, circulation, digestion, nutrition, classification and analysis of foodstuff, absorption and

metabolism of organic and inorganic nutrients, vitamins and trace elements, reproduction,

thermoregulation. Muscle physiology, energy and intermediary metabolism. Contractile proteins,

mechanism of ATP hydrolysis. The endocrine and nervous systems, neurosecretions, neurotransmission,

sense organs.

Introduction to histology and histological techniques. Approaches to comparative histology of tissues; the evolutionary approach and the histo - physiological approach. Comparative histology of tissues of animals (different taxonomic groups); sense organs’ tissues (skin, ear, eye, tongue, nose), central nervous system tissues (spinal cord, brain), reproductive system tissues (male


reproductive system, female reproductive), support tissues (cartilage, bone, others), endocrine system tissues, the blood tissues, other tissues.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESAmong other goals the following are critical:

Practice an evolutionary approach where treatment and presentation of content should be from the

simpler to the most complex animal taxa

Reveal the complementarity of structure and function where cells, tissues and organs systems

carry adaptations that enable them to optimally execute their functions

Under score the importance of diversity of type but unity of pattern, meaning that although there

are differences in the different animal groups generally their structure and functions are

constructed on a similar basic plan.

READING LISTCampbell, N.A; and Reece, B.J. (1999). Biology. 6th ed. Addison Wesley series. New York. Cape Town

Hickman, C.P; Roberts, L.S and Larson, A (1997). Biology of Animals. 7th ed. WCB McGraw-Hill

Johnson, M.H and Everitt, B.J (2000). Essential reproduction. 5th ed. Blackwell Science. London

Levine, J.S and Miller, K.R (1992). Biology .Discovering life. Animal systems. Volume 4. D.C Health and

Company. Lexington, Toronto

Taylor, D; Green, N.P.O; Stout, G.W and Soper, R. (2001). Biological Sciences. Vol. 1 and 2. 3rd ed.

Cambridge University Press. London

1.0 COURSE NAME: HUMAN ECOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3104 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Introduction, adaptation, food production and scarcity, nutritional influences, disease, psychological stress,

aging, pollution, human population, human environment, present human evolution, how successful man is.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESThe course covers both invertebrates and vertebrates behaviour.

To investigate the foundations of animal behaviour (ethology in particular) and the modern approach of

behavioural ecology.

To compare and contrast behaviour in invertebrate and vertebrates.

To explore the mechanisms that control behaviour as well as its evolutionary, proximate, ontogenetic and

ultimate levels of explanation.

To examine the external and internal factors that determine an animal’s behaviour at any moment.

To consider the broad view of social behaviour and the different patterns of social interactions.


To study animal communication including the various channels employed among the different categories of

animals.

To discuss the evolutionary origin of rituals and their functions.

READING LIST1. Krebs J.R. & N.B. Davies (1997). Behavioural Ecology: an evolutionary approach. 4th Ed.

Blackwell Science Ltd. London, Toronto.

2. MaFarland David (1987). Animal Behaviour: Psychobiology, Ethology and Evolution. ELBS,

Longman Singapore Publishers (Pte) Ltd. Singapore.

3. Fox M.W. (1974). Concepts in Ethology: Animal and Human Behaviour. Vol 2. University of

Minnesota Press. Minneapolis.

4. Drikamer L.C. & S.H. Vessey. Animal Behaviour: Concepts, Processes and Methods. 2nd Ed.

Wadsworth Publishing Company. Belmont, California.

5. Grier J.W. (1984). Biology of Animal Behaviour. Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing. St.

Louis, Toronto.

6. Readings from Scientific American (1975). Animal Behaviour. Introductions by Eisner T. and E.

Wilson. W.H. Freeman and Company. San Francisco.

7. Readings from Scientific American (1979). Homones and Reproductive Behaviour. Introductions

by Silver R. & H.H. Feder.

8. Readings from Scientific American (1980). Mind and Behaviour. Introductions by Atkinson R.L.

& R.C. Atkinson.

1.0 COURSE NAME: COMMERCIAL ENTOMOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3105 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Review and systematics of productive insects; The insects’ life history and habits in relation to the

products; environmental and biological factors that influence productivity - food weather, pests and

diseases, genetics; bee-keeping equipment and hive management; principles and practices of silkworm

rearing; economics of apiculture and sericulture.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course students should be able to:

- Describe the tangible and non-tangible benefits of insects and the significance of insects in rural

economies.

- Demonstrate competence in establishing an income-generating project based on insects.

- Give technical advice on establishing and management of an income-generating project based on

insects including pest and disease management, harvest and post-harvest practices to maintain and

enhance product quality.


READING LIST1. A guide to sericulture practices in Uganda; prepared by silk sector development project. 2. FAO technical papers on apiculture; various web pages. 3. Various materials acquired by lecturers during technical workshops.

[N.B. reference texts relevant to the region for this course are still under development]

1.0 COURSE NAME: APPLIED PARASITOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3204 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Review of the taxonomy of protozoan and helminth parasites. Host parasite relationships.

Protozoa: Sporozoa, including Plasmodium, Babesia, Leucocytozoon, Theileria; Flagellates: including

Trichomonas, Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosomes, methods of studying the parasites and their vectors;

vector pathology; epizootiology: definitive host-parasite relations, susceptibility of vertebrates especially

mammalian hosts and humans in particular; animal reservoirs, vector-parasite relations; vector-mammalian

host relations; host preference; symptom clinical signs and diagnosis; treatment and prophylaxis; control

measures.

Helminths: Acanthocephala, Nemathelminths, Platyhelminths, helminths of digestive tract, hepatic and

renal helminths: Helminths of the eyes and central nervous system, cardiorespiratory helminths, helminths

of the muscles, ligaments and skin helminths of birds; diagnosis in helminthology, anthelminthics.

Parasitic arthropods (e.g., Fleas, Ticks, Mites, Lice): their distinguishing features, economic importance,

life cycles and control.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESTo create awareness of the major parasitic diseases in the region, their epidemiology, impacts and control

mechanisms.

Review some basic facts of parasitology

Analyse differences and similarities between protozoa and helminthic diseases

Relate the structure and function of the parasites

Examine factors maintaining parasitic diseases in the communities

Outline the pathological changes caused by the parasites to their hosts

Assess the socio-economic importance of parasitic diseases to communities

Recognise and sketch the important features of the parasites present in clinical specimens which

are routinely used for diagnosis

Acquire the procedures and protocol for collecting, processing, transporting and identifying

specimens.

Recognize the importance and procedure of micrometry in microscopic identification of parasites.

Discuss the control of parasitic diseases using a multidisciplinary approach

READING LIST


Adam, K.M.G., Paul. J.and Zamani.V.(1979) Medical and Veterinary protozoology. An Illustrated guide.

Church Hill Livingstone. London

Cheesbrough M. (1987): Medical Laboratory manual for tropical countries. 2nd Ed. Butterworts.

Heineman Ltd.

Hyde J.(1990). Molecular parasitology. Open University press. Ballmoor

Knell, A.J. (1991) Malaria. A publication of the tropical programme of Welcome Trust. Oxford University press Oxford.Kreier, J. P and Baker, J.R (1987) Parasitic Protozoa. Allen and Unwin. London

Lapage, G. (1962). Monnig’s veterinary helminthology and entomology. Balliere, Tindall and Cox. London

Peters, W and Gilles, H.M (1995) Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 4th ed. Mosby-Wolfe. London.Shar-Fischer, M and Ralph, S.R (1989). Manual of Veterinary parasitology. C.A.B International pp 137-

145.

Smyth, J.D (1994) Introduction to Animal parasitology. Cambridge University Press. London

1.0 COURSE NAME: FISHERIES BIOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3205 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Classification of the major groups of East African fishes and their evolution, basic anatomy and physiology

of fishes, environmental factors affecting fishes in: marine, estuarine, freshwaters and polluted waters, fish

feeding habits and behaviour, breeding and reproduction, development in fishes, age growth and mortality,

fish population structures, fish nutrition, recruitment, prediction of fisheries control measures, fishing gears,

post - harvest fish handling and losses control measures, type of fisheries in Uganda, fisheries and man,

over fishing and conservation.

4.0 COURSE OBJECTIVESUpon completion of this course you should be able to:

Distinguish between of fish biology and fisheries aspects;

Identify the fish community of East Africa

Understand the environmental factors influencing fish distribution under varied environmental

conditions;

Apply the knowledge gained in handling and conservation of fish

6.0 READING LIST1. Fryer, G.T.D lles (1972), The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Their biology and

evolution, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. 641 pp.

2. Greenwood P.H (1984), The fishes of Uganda

3. Miles H.A Keensleyside (1991), Cichlid fishes, Behavior, Ecology and Evolution by

Chapman & Ham London, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, 378 pp.


4. Moyle Peter B. & Cech Joseph J.Jr (2000), Fishes; An introduction to Ichthyology, Prentice-

Hall, Inc Upper Saddle river 911 pp.

5. Witte Frans and Van Densen WLT (1994), Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria, A

Handbook of Field observation 4th Edition 404 pp.

RECOMMENDED TEXTS

1. Karl Lagler et al, (1962), Ichthyology 2nd Edition by John Wiley & Sons inc. 502 pp.

2. Nikolsky G.V (1963), The Ecology of fishes published by Academic press Inc, London, and

352 pp.

3. Wooton Robert J. (1990), Ecology of Teleost Fishes, Fish and fisheries series 1 by Chapman

& Hall, 404 pp.

1.0 COURSE NAME: INTERGRATED PEST AND VECTOR MANAGEMENT2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3206 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Concept of pest management; definition of pest and vector; pest assessment and fore-casting; epidemiology and population dynamics.

Theoretical and practical aspects of ecology. Properties of populations. Measurements and description of factors regulating populations, construction and analysis of life tables and their application in applied entomology. Prey/predator, host/parasite relationships as applied to pest management. Methods of population estimation. Pesticide chemistry and toxicology, physico-chemical factors and mode of action. Synthetic insecticide, Organochlorides, Corbemeter, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Pyrethroids, attractants, repellants, growth regulators, etc. Resistance of arthropods to insecticides. Naturally occurring insecticides. The ecosystem, impact of pesticide on the environment and community.

Modern and future development of integrated pest management and vector control strategy. Construction and analysis of models of control. Social and economic considerations in the control of pests and vectors. Vectorial capacity of vectors of diseases. Introduction to construction and analysis of models of control.

COURSE OBJECTIVESThe course aims to impart skills in pest and vector identification, assessment, sampling and management.

By the end of the course students should be able to:

- Illustrate the significance of IPVM to food security and public health.

- Recognise the important pests and vectors of Uganda.

- Design a pest/vector management strategy that is technically viable, ecologically sound, socially

acceptable and financially feasible.

- Evaluate the merits and limitations of any pest/vector management programme.

READING LIST


Davis, R.G. (1988). Outlines of Entomology (seventh edition). Chapman and Hall, London. 408 pp.

Dent, D. (1995). Integrated pest management. Chapman and Hall, London. 356pp.

Hill, D.S. (1983). Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control (second edition). Cambridge University Press, England. 746pp.

Youdeowei, A. and Service, M.W. (1983). Pest and Vector Management in the Tropics. Longman Group Ltd. 399pp.

1.0 COURSE NAME: APPLIED HUMAN ECOLOGY2.0 COURSE CODE: ZOO 3207 (level Three Course)3.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION

Evolutionary ecology: diversity of life, natural selection and speciation; major evolutionary trends.

Population ecology: the dynamics of populations, with problems of population estimation. Human

settlements in relation to resources. The ecology of diseases.

Behavioral ecology: group and individual selection; assessing; obtaining and defending resources; the

battle of sexes. Ecology and development: resource use; sustainable development; human impact on air,

soil, land and water. Ecological aspects of wastes and pollution. Environment impact assessment

procedures.

COURSE OBJECTIVESThe course focuses on the ecological viewpoint of human ecology whose objectives are:

1. To examine the application of ecology to humans which differs in important respects from its application to other forms of life and to life as a whole.

2. To make reference to early ecosystems in which human beings played an integral and less destructive role in nature.

3. To make particular reference to the use and abuse of resources of ecosystems being exploited.

4. To relate the effects of human intrusion into contemporary environments to human health or disease.

5. To examine factors affecting the evolution of human form and success.

READING LIST1. Clapham, W.B. (1981). Human Ecosystems. Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. New York.

2. Campbell Bernard (1983). Human Ecology. Heinemann Education Books. London.

3. Miller G. Tyler Jr. (1989). Living in the Environment. Principles, connections, and Solutions.

Wadsworth Publishing Company. London, New York.

4. Stebbins Robert A. (1987). Sociology. The study of Society. Harper & Row Publishers. New York.


5. Readings from Scientific American (1976). Human Physiology and the Environment in Health and

Disease. W.H. Freeman and Company. San Francisco.

6. Colinvaux Paul (1986). Ecology. John Wiley & Sons. New York, Toronto.

7. Schlegel G. Hans, 1990. General Microbiology. CambridgeUniversity Press. London.

8. Harry, W. S. Jr., Vandemark, P. J. & Lee, J. L. 1991. Microbes in Action. W. H. Freeman &

Company. New York.

9. Angold Roger, G. Beech & J. Taggart. (1989). Food Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press.

Cambridge, London.

10. World Bank Technical Paper No. 133. (1991). Agricultural Biotechnology. The next ‘Green

Revolution’. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.

11. Gaudie Andrew (1990). The Human Impact on the natural Environment. Basil

Backwell Ltd. Oxford.

12. Boeker E. and R. v. Grondelle (1999). Environmental Physics. John Wiley & Sons.

New York, Toronto.


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