Materials

QuestionsQuestions

Page 71 numbers Q 6 and 7Page 71 numbers Q 6 and 7

The structure of the atom

ELECTRON – negative,

mass nearly nothing

PROTON – positive,

same mass as neutron

(“1”)

NEUTRON – neutral,

same mass as proton

(“1”)

Know the structure of the atom

What is an ion?

An ion is an atom that has lost electrons to form a +ve ion

or an atom that has gained electrons to form a –ve ion

Compound Numbers of each atom

KOH

CH3 OH

KMnO4

NaHSO4

Al(NO3)3

1 x K , 1 x O , 1x H

1 x C , 1 x O , 4x H

1 x K , 1 x Mn , 4x O

1 x Na , 1 x H , 1x S , 4 x O

1 x Al , 3 x N , 9 x O

You must be able to write balanced formula for compounds using an ion table

1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-

H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- CO32-

K+ Fe2+ NO3- SO4

2-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Zn2+

Pb2+

1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-

H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl-

chlorideO2-

oxide

Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+

ferricOH-

hydroxideCO3

2-

carbonate

K+ Fe2+

ferrousNO3

-

nitrate

SO42-

sulfate

Cu2+

HCO3-

bicarbonate

Zn2+

Pb2+

Write formula for: hydrogen chloride

sodium oxide

calcium hydroxide

zinc sulfate

Aluminium carbonate

1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-

H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl-

chlorideO2-

oxide

Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+

ferricOH-

hydroxideCO3

2-

carbonate

K+ Fe2+

ferrousNO3

-

nitrate

SO42-

sulfate

Cu2+HCO3

-

bicarbonate

Zn2+

Pb2+

HClNa2O

Ca(OH)2

ZnSO4

Al2(CO3)3

Testing for carbon dioxideTesting for carbon dioxide

Gas

Limewater turns milky/cloudy

Limewater

Burning HydrogenBurning Hydrogen

“POP”

Recall the test for hydrogen:

The reaction:

Hydrogen

OO

Oxygen+

OH H

OH H

Water

HH

HH

Notice that no carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is produced!

Gas Tests SummaryGas Tests SummaryHow would you test for the following gases

Oxygen

If a glowing splint relights when placed in the test tube the gas is oxygen

Hydrogen

By the pop test, place a flaming splint by the test tube mouth will ignite the hydrogen gas causing a pop

Carbon dioxide

Bubble the gas through limewater (Ca(OH)2 the solution will turn cloudy or milky (this is because a solid of CaCO3 forms)

Important reactions.

(a) ACID + METAL

(b) Metal + water

an balanced example of an acid/metal reaction is

An example is

Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

Metal salt + Hydrogen

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas

(a) metal carbonate + ACID

Calcium carbonate

the balanced formula equation is:

CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Metal salt + carbon dioxide +water

+ Calcium chloride

carbon dioxide water+ + Hydrochloric

acid

An example word equation is:

Important reactions you must know!

metal + oxygen metal oxide

Word equation

Magnesium +oxygen magnesium oxide

Formula equation

2Mg + O22MgO

Important reactions you must know!

Word equation

sodium + water sodium hydroxide +hydrogen gas

Formula

2NaOH + H2

Important reactions you must know!

Eg 2Na + 2H2O

metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

How could you test for the hydrogen gas?Remember to go over you

material flip cards

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

This is the pH scale –it is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

What would be the pH of the following and the colour in universal indicator

Sulfuric acid

NaOH

Vinegar

Water

Dishwashing detergent

Stomach acid (HCl)

pH 1 red pH 14

violet/purplepH 3-5 red

pH 7 green

pH 10 - 12 blue/violet

pH 1-2 red

Acid BaseNeutral

(a) ACID + Base

an balanced example of an acid/base reaction is

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

salt + water

Important reactions you must know!Neutralisation – where an acid and a base react to

form a neutral solution with a pH of 7

What colour do you think the solution would go with universal indicator?

You got it – green as the solution is now neutral

Name Formula Colour

Sulphuric acid

Lithium Lithium hydroxidehydroxide

LiOH

Nitric acidNitric acid

window window cleanercleaner

N/A

VinegarVinegar

WaterWater H2O

Complete the following table showing what colour each solution will go in universal indicator

H2SO4 red

Violet/purple

HNO3 red

Violet/purple

CH3COOH

orange

green

Define these acid base terms

A base that contains OH ions and dissolves in water is called an Alkali – give an example

eg NaOH, KOH and these have pH of 14 and turn universal indicator purple

The pH scale

The scale form 1- 14 that measures how acidic or basic a substance is.

How do you collect gas underwater?

Read Unit A3 (Acid Reactions)

pgs 76 -77 complete Q’s 5, 6 and 8 pg 79

Read pH in everyday life page 80 – 81 you must know household acids e.g vinegar, citric acid and tartaric acids

You also must know common household bases

These are usually common household cleaners eg oven cleaner, window cleaner, soaps

Know the metal properties and uses read meet the metals page 84

Describe why metals exhibit the following properties:

Ductile, Malleable, Strength, conductivity

Name some metals and their uses eg Aluminium (Al), gold (Au), lead (Pb)

Be able to write word equation and balanced equation for the complete combustion of a simple fuel eg methane pg 92

Know about polymers and what they are made from ie what are their sub units?

Name some polymers –

natural polymer eg starch is made of many units of glucose

and man made polymer eg PVC

read making plastics M4 page 96 - 97 in pathfinderKnow the structure of the atom!

ElectricityBe familiar with

Static and current electricity know the difference(page 53)

Current and ammeters – be able to place ammeters in circuits

Voltage and voltmeters – be able to place voltmeters in circuits

Static vs current electricity read E1 pg 52- 53 if you don’t

Conductors/ Insulators – identify them

Series and parallel circuits pages 56-57 Q’s 5,6,7,9 pg 59

Be able to use V=IR and P=VI look at old electricity test make sure you show all working Q7 & 11 pg 63

Complete Simple component names and symbols Q 2 pg 62

ForcesForces Know how to label the forces acting on an objectKnow how to label the forces acting on an object

ie ie drag, weight, thrust, supportdrag, weight, thrust, support Weight (N) and mass (kgs) know what are they Weight (N) and mass (kgs) know what are they

and what are they measured in be able to work and what are they measured in be able to work out out weight (N) weight (N) given given m(kgs) using Fw = m x gm(kgs) using Fw = m x g

Label a spanner fulcrum and know how to Label a spanner fulcrum and know how to measure torque using a formula: measure torque using a formula:

TT (Nm)= (Nm)= ff (N) x (N) x dd (m) (m) Know how to work out density (mass/vol)Know how to work out density (mass/vol) Use Distance/ time graphs to describe the Use Distance/ time graphs to describe the

motion of an object motion of an object read more from Unit F1 read more from Unit F1 page 37 complete Q 39page 37 complete Q 39

Be able to find the speed of Be able to find the speed of an object from a distance an object from a distance

time graph time graph

By being able to use the By being able to use the method on the next slidemethod on the next slide

K

P

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

time (s)

dist

(m)

Finding speed from a distance time graph

t)( in time change

d)(distancein change K section of speed average

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1-ms 5.7 (K) speed

4s

m30 (K) speed

t

d (K) speed

Task

Work out the speed for section P

d

T

K

P

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

time (s)

dist

(m)

Finding the average speed of Section P

t)( in time change

d)(distancein change Psection of speed average

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

d

T

Humans

There will be some of these body systems in the exam

Make notes on your diagram on the ear and glue it into your book

Body parts the ear

Ear canal

Ear drum

cochlea Auditory nerve

Eustachean

Tube

Earbones or ossicles

Semi -circular canals – helps control balance by detecting movement in tubes

The Human Ear

Make notes on your diagram and glue it into your book

How does the ear hear?

By detecting vibration from sound waves, these are then changed into electrical impulses which are carried to the brain.

Read the Sound and Ear section page 28 (Pathfinder)

Complete question 8 pg 31

Know the parts of the ear

Know about capillaries, veins and what’s the other one ? Arteries - these have the highest pressure

Know which ones carry blood where to?

What’s so special about capillaries? They are small – one cell thick they allow gases to diffuse into and out of them.

Read Pathfinder text : Read Circulating Materials pg 21

complete Q’s 6, 9 and 10 pg 23

Pulse rates

Know all about this and what vessels allow you to take the pulse and why. Refer old Humans test and mark schedule

Know how blood returns to the heart from the body organs via the veins. Refer notes

Kidneys –what do they do?Kidneys –what do they do?

These filter the blood and remove These filter the blood and remove wastes from the bloodwastes from the blood

Know the muscles in the arm and how the arm works look at your notes

The Heart The Heart

You must be able to label the:You must be able to label the:

left atriumleft atrium

Right atriumRight atrium

Right ventricleRight ventricle

Left ventriclesLeft ventricles

Why does the heart have valves?Why does the heart have valves?

Name the blood vessels and explain Name the blood vessels and explain why they are different from each otherwhy they are different from each other

A

B

H

G

F

ED

C

The “Double Circulatory” System1. Deoxygenated

blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs

3. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body

2. The blood receives oxygen and is pumped back to the heart

4. The oxygen leaves the blood to be used for respiration in the body and the blood goes back to the heart

Geology

Learn Parts of the earth and their states

Convection currents and what makes them?

(read Earths structure pg 104) esp the erosion cycle

Collision zones at plate boundaries

Volcanoes (structure - know parts) – lava cools on the outside of a volcano very quickly and forms rock with very small crystals . The magma trapped inside the volcano cools very slowly and forms large crystals Q6 page 111

Earthquakes what causes them read stress fractures pg 112

Be able to name the 2 plates that meet on the fault line that runs through New Zealand.

Complete Q 9 page 107