mastering new testament greek · web viewtranslators must make choices, and often a greek word may...

Mastering New Testament Greek Textbook

Ted Hildebrandt

copy 2003 by Ted Hildebrandt version 2016Published by Baker Academica division of Baker Book House CompanyPO Box 6287 Grand Rapids MI 49516-6287wwwbakeracademiccom

All rights reserved This publication is intended for the personal use of the licensee It may be stored in a retrieval system and reproduced for personal use only It may not be transmitted in any form or by any meansmdashfor example electronic photocopy recordingmdashwithout the prior written permission of the publisher The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews

Verses from the New Testament selected for reading and translation are from The Greek New Testament edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Carlo M Martini Bruce M Metzger and Allen Wikgren 4th revised edition copy 1966 1968 1975 by United Bible Societies 1983 1994 by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft Stuttgart Used by permission

ii

To my father

Ted Hildebrandt

who instilled in me the basics of life

discipline persistence a love of Godrsquos word

and the blessed hope of Christrsquos return

May your entrance into

His glorious presence

be joyous

Your grateful son

Ted

iii

Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1 The Alphabet8CHAPTER 2 Accents Syllables and English Grammar12CHAPTER 3 Present Active Verbs23CHAPTER 4 Second Declension Nouns29CHAPTER 5 First Declension Nouns36CHAPTER 6 Prepositions40CHAPTER 7 Adjectives47CHAPTER 8 Personal Pronouns52CHAPTER 9 Present MiddlePassive Verbs57CHAPTER 10 Future Verbs62CHAPTER 11 Demonstrative Relative Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns66CHAPTER 12 Imperfect Verbs71CHAPTER 13 Third Declension Nouns76CHAPTER 14 Second Aorist Verbs81CHAPTER 15 First Aorist Verbs85CHAPTER 16 Aorist and Future Passive Verbs90CHAPTER 17 Contract Verbs95CHAPTER 18 Perfect Verbs99CHAPTER 19 Present Participles105CHAPTER 20 Aorist Participles112CHAPTER 21 Perfect Participles118CHAPTER 22 Infinitives124CHAPTER 23 Subjunctive Verbs129CHAPTER 24 Imperative Verbs136CHAPTER 25 The -μι Verbs140CHAPTER 26 Numbers and Interrogatives146CHAPTER 27 Comparatives Conjunctions Adverbs and Clause Types150CHAPTER 28 Case Revisited157Commencement162Works Cited167Appendix 1 Vocabulary Lists by Chapter168Appendix 2 Paradigms175Appendix 3 Chapter Summaries191Appendix 4 Verb Principal Parts249Appendix 5 Total Review Quick Starters266Appendix 6 27 Greek Chants274Appendix 7 Lordrsquos Prayer (Mat 69b-13)278English-Greek Glossary279Greek-English Glossary324Greek Vocabulary Builder358down to 9 times358Greek-English Lexicon395Index460

iv

PrefaceThe potentials of the digital medium are just beginning to be realized Recently there have been major upheavals in the music industry due to the MP3 format that allows the putting of hundreds of songs (rather than a dozen) on a single CD-ROM Ebooks are beginning to appear on the web and elsewhere Many of these technologies hold great promise for use by the Christian community

This etextbook attempts to take what was formerly made available in my interactive Greek program and put it in an ebook format paralleling the interactive Greek program found on this disk It can be universally viewed andor printed using the Adobe Acrobat Reader (freely available at httpwwwadobecomproductsacrobatreadstephtml or as found on the CD-ROM) Mastering New Testament Greek is an interactive multimedia program that has proved quite effective in teaching first-year Koine Greek to thousands who have used it since it was published in the mid-1990s I have seen a need in my own Greek classes at Gordon College for a hardcopy that the students can have at hand when away from the screen The new ebook format makes this textbook option a possibility In addition to the interactive multimedia program (which includes an interactive easy-reader with the full text of 1 John and John 1ndash5) and the textbook the CD contains a workbook with exercises coordinated with the textbook a vocabulary frequency list to aid in learning words that appear nine or more times in the New Testament and a full Greek-English lexicon with definitions for every word in the Greek New Testament These are printable in the Adobe Acrobat (pdf) format on any computer Additional learning resources are available free from httpfacultygordoneduhubited_hildebrandtindexcfm including over three thousand pages of advanced grammars and a complete text of the Greek New Testament

For instructors an answer key to the workbook is available as well as PowerPoint material for the presentation of the twenty-eight chapters

I wish to thank Jim Kinney at Baker Book House for opening the door and shepherding this project through to completion A great debt of gratitude is owed to Wells Turner and Dave Mathewson whose editorial suggestions corrections and oversight are evident on every page of these digital texts I would also like to thank Daniel Holman for editing all the Greek characters into Unicode for these digital texts Finally Irsquod like to thank Dr Roger Green and the rest of my colleagues at Gordon College for allowing me the pleasure of opening the door to Greek for students at Gordon returning the favor that Dr Robert Newman and Dr Gary Cohen did for me in my own seminary training so many years ago

The original goal was to give my students at Gordon College all the tools they need for first-year Greek in one disk The goal now is to leverage the technology so that anyone who desires to can learn New Testament Greek

Enjoy Greek

v

Ted Hildebrandt

vi

IntroductionWhy Study Greek

The New Testament was written in Koine (koi-NAY) Greek It provided a magnificent medium for proclaiming the gospel message because Greek was so widely known after Alexanderrsquos conquests of the west and east There are many challenges to mastering Greek the difficulty of learning any language for those who are monolingual differences in the alphabetic script the highly structured grammatical nature of Greek and the fact that Koine Greek is not spoken today In order to conquer the difficulties of this journey we need to know clearly why we are undertaking this awesome endeavor

God used Greek to communicate If aliens had come to this planet and left documents explaining how the universe functions and how humans can make a contribution to the galaxies and ultimately attain eternal life with certain genetic modifications of course there would be tremendous interest in decoding this incredible message Indeed one has come from another world and has addressed all the major issues of lifedeath meaningmeaninglessness joysorrow lovehate presenceabsence rightwrong that provide the matrix of human existence God has spoken in His son (Heb 11ndash2 Jn 114 18) whose life was recorded in the stories of those who witnessed and experienced this divine encounter The writer of John notes that he was an eyewitness of the life of Christ saying ldquoThis is that disciple who saw these events and recorded them here And we all know that his account of these things is accuraterdquo (Jn 2124) The writer knew and witnessed that these divine truths were confirmed not only by a single witness but by a community of witnesses he identified as ldquowerdquo The purpose of this recorded message was to provide a factual basis for belief and a guide to life ldquoThese are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God and that by believing you may have life in his namerdquo This is the good news the gospel It was recorded so that others even denizens of the third millennium after Christ may have the privilege of being able to hear its wonderful message If our understanding of the message is cloudy so will our thinking and belief on these matters of great import

The prophets also recognized that they spoke messages from God (Amos 38) Jeremiah when asked why he prophesied clearly stated ldquoThe LORD sent me to prophesyrdquo (Jer 2612) He heralded warnings against those who ldquoare prophets of deceit inventing everything they sayrdquo (Jer 2325f) Many even in our day like to project their own thoughts into the mouth of God feeling compelled to bend the text to whatever ideology or agenda they are seeking to promote Learning Greek will help us reverse that process

These recorded messages from God may be carefully and passionately studied as one would read an email from onersquos beloved So the psalmist writes ldquoI will study your commandments and reflect on your ways I will delight in your principlesrdquo (Ps 11915f) The New Testament writers also acknowledged that ldquono prophecy in Scripture ever came from the prophets themselves or because they wanted to prophesy It was the Holy Spirit

1

who moved the prophets to speak from Godrdquo (2 Pet 121) Thus because of the unique nature of this communication we seek to carefully examine the message in its original form stripping away the translations to hear the original message

We desire to accurately unleash the meaning of Godrsquos word The unique nature of this communication did not stop when it was recorded as a static culturally locked historical text No the message came with the transforming power and presence of the One who gave it So the writer of Hebrews observes ldquoFor the word of God is full of living power It is sharper than the sharpest knife cutting deep into our innermost thoughts and desires It exposes us for what we really arerdquo (Heb 412) It is our goal to hear this message more carefully and unleash its transforming power within this postmodern context in a way that is consistent with the original intent of the divine and human authors Learning Greek will allow us to move one step closer to the source

We need guidance for our lives Because the Bible offers divine guidance for our lives we want to carefully hear its message clearly separating it from the myriad of voices that are calling for our attention in this information and media-saturated age Learning Greek will help slow and quiet us so that we may hear the voice of God amid the din of modern marketing schemes It is from Scripture that we seek to find moral guidance as the psalmist said ldquoI have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against yourdquo (Ps 11911) It is there that we will find wisdom from sages by listening and retaining their instructions They admonished ldquoLay hold of my words with all your heart Get wisdom get understanding do not forget my wordsrdquo (Prov 44f) It is in a close reading of the words of the biblical text that we will find wisdom

The Scriptures open us up to a relationship with God Jesus pointed out the connection of His words to life and relationship with God ldquoThe very words I have spoken to you are spirit and liferdquo (Jn 663) ldquoFaith comes by hearing the word of Godrdquo Paul tells us (Rom 1017) It is through reading and obeying His word that we come to know him Greek will be a tool in disciplining our minds in the pursuit of life from God

We enjoy hands-on reading Finally we like to experience things firsthand Being dependent on anotherrsquos point of view or passively accepting the interpretation or spin of another is contrary to our desire to know and experience for ourselves Learning Greek allows us to shed layers of intermediary voices to listen more closely to what God has said That is not to say we should ignore the voices of others but we should be able to read and evaluate for ourselves All language communication is at points ambiguous and vague Learning Greek will not solve all linguistic problems However knowing Greek will assist us in weighing and evaluating the possibilities in order to select the most appropriate options

As a residual benefit learning Greek will help us better understand English Greek is a highly structured language and lies behind much of Latin which in turn connects with English Many have claimed that learning Greek has taught them much that was elusive in their previous study of English grammar

2

Why Not Just Use Good Translations

One may ask why we should not save time and energy by letting the linguistic experts do the translation work for us There are several limitations of translations that are overcome in reading Greek for ourselves A personal reading of Greek allows for a closer reading of what the authors originally wrote As one becomes aware of the writerrsquos style observing structures and idiosyncrasies that are only seen in reading Greek one is better able to render what the author originally meant Oftentimes what may be ambiguous in English is cleared up by the Greek Cultural issues and metaphors that may be critical to understanding a passage are again more visible in the Greek original and often smoothed over into modern idioms Translators must make choices and often a Greek word may have a broad area of meaning but in translation one English word must be chosen There is not a perfect word-for-word match between languages One who reads Greek is more aware of the breadth diversity and possibilities of meanings To the one who can read Greek the choices made by the translator are no longer buried by the translation

Many politically correct biases are currently being read into modern translations Being able to read it in Greek for ourselves helps cut through those modern spins to hear the original voices more clearly Thus while translations are quite helpful being able to read the original Greek has many benefits

One final word should be voiced in terms of improper motivations for learning Greek A person may want to learn Greek to get ahead of others or because it is impressive and authoritative to say ldquoIn the Greek it means rdquo Learning Greek must be coupled with humility or it will do more damage than good It is also not good to learn Greek because we have some specific agenda we are pushing and desire to add a Greek cannon to blast out our theme Listening to the voice of God needs to be the focus more than proving our particular point of view Loving God and others is the goal not putting ourselves up on an academic pedestal or putting others down because they do not share our ldquoenlightenedrdquo perspective (Phil 25ff)

Why Do Many Say That Learning Greek Is Hard

Itrsquos amazing when you think of it You can learn Koine Greek now and for the rest of your life you will be able to read the New Testament for yourself Having said that wersquove got some work cut out for us

First learning any new language is difficult Itrsquos like learning to play basketball Initially one stumbles while trying to dribble and run at the same time Air-balls are shot and how each position works is a mystery One initially feels uncoordinated With repetition practice and good coaching a mastery is gained and the game becomes a source of fun and refreshment while still retaining a sense of challenge Greek will follow a similar

3

pattern There are certain fundamentals (passing dribbling footwork positioning etc) that must be mastered in order to enjoy basketball So also in Greek there are several foundational skills that must be mastered in order to have the enjoyment of reading Greek

Here are some hints ldquoInch by inch itrsquos a cinch yard by yard itrsquos too hardrdquo Applied to Greek what this means is Greek is learned best by taking little steps because large ones (staying up all night cramming) may trip you up ldquoThe turtle wins the racerdquo in Greek Consistent daily study is better than pressure-filled weekly cram sessions that lead to quick learning and quick forgetting ldquoStep by step you scale the mountainrdquo When you do not understand something ask for help or go over it until you understand it If you donrsquot ldquoget itrdquo work on it but continue on Frequently the picture will become clearer further down the road Repetition persistence and small bites are the three keys Be careful about missing a step In some ways itrsquos like math If you miss a step it catches up with you later on

Your mastery of Greek will depend on learning three things vocabulary morphology and syntax In order to retain the vocabulary it is suggested that you write the words on flash cards Recently we have provided flashcards with graphics on them to help you remember using images These cards can be carried with you and reviewed frequently in the brief moments between the activities of your life If you enjoy using the web for review there is an online Vocabulary Builder available at all times with free mp3 downloads that have musical backgrounds to help make the process enjoyable and relaxing There are 5437 different Greek words in the New Testament (the elexicon has all of them listed) We will learn those that occur most frequently By learning the words used more than 50 times 313 words you will be able to read about 80 percent of the New Testament (Mounce Basics 17) It will be important to say the words out loud The mouth can teach the ear The interactive program will allow you to hear how Greek is being pronounced and drill you with biblical examples Seeing is one way of learning but hearing adds another gateway into your memory You may want to make associations or wordplays in English or mentally picture the object to which the word refers Repetition is the best teacher The program and the Vocabulary Builder will help reinforce your mastery of the vocabulary

The morphology (how the words are formed eg bookbooks ldquosrdquo indicates a plural) and syntax (the grammar of how words come together into sentences subjectverb objectmodifier) will require brain aerobics Here is where the mental wrestling will take place Some of the concepts will be difficult to grasp initially We will try to start with explanations from English and then move to Greek showing how Greek makes a similar move The problem is that many do not understand English grammar We will build the language from parts of speechmdashnouns verbs adverbs adjectives conjunctions and prepositions Many of these will take different endings depending on how they are used These ending and forms will be mastered in a series of twenty-something memorable chants Mastering these sets of endings will be a good part of the course early on ldquoInch by inch itrsquos a ________rdquo

4

The parts of speech will work in sentences The syntax or relationships between words will manifest roles for words such as subjects verbs objects and modifiers These concepts will be illustrated in the context of the drills and exercises taken directly from Scripture Some of these concepts may not come initially but continue on and the eureka moments will come as you look back It is of great benefit to work out examples Frequent reviews are also critical for making the connections Small frequent breaks dividing and repeating the material in short study sessions help avoid an overwhelming sense of frustration and gives the needed space to regain the motivation needed to continue on

Another factor that has shown itself to be critical if one is taking Greek in a class is staying plugged into the community of those learning Greek It is not advisable to skip classes or assignments as that often leads to serious difficulty If you miss a step you may end up on your face because learning Greek is sequential Catching up becomes harder and harder Being in class has proved itself important Be there

Studying with a ldquobuddyrdquo is also very helpful Two heads are better than one in trying to understand sticky points Teamwork is frequently necessary if you want to play in the game and it makes the learning task a little more enjoyable This will provide incremental accountability as we move chapter-by-chapter through the material

Time and consistency on this task is the key to mastering Greek Learning Greek is a good time to tone your mental muscles At points the urge will surge to quit and give up At those points remember why you are tackling Greek in the first place Remember the inch-by-inch principle Take one small step at a time Do not worry about the big picture Take the next little step and review review and review After yoursquove climbed a while you may be encouraged to look back and see how far you have come Giving up is fatal You learned English which in many ways is harder than Greek It just takes time and energy Hopefully we will make that time fun and you will be able to see some of the rewards along the way

Several learning resources are available to help you First you will have access to printed materials in the form of easily printed materials in Adobe Acrobat PDF file formats The printed materials will include this etextbook and an eworkbook For each chapter in the book a one- or two-page summary has been developed distilling the essence of the chapter (see appendix 3) The book will teach and structure the concepts and the workbook will allow you to practice and reinforce what you have learned The Mastering New Testament Greek interactive program will present the same material in a interactive multimedia format with sound and immediate responses The benefit of this is that after presenting the material the computer will drill you over the material giving you immediate feedback on how well you have done In the future we will have streaming video and interactive materials available online Thus there are four ways to approach this in-class instruction printed materials and workbook exercises interactive multimedia and online resources The point is to use whatever combination works best for you The font supplied with Mastering New Testament Greek is also available in your word processor Learning to type in Greek can be a real time-saver and looks impressive in other classes and papers

5

There are two resources beyond these that may be helpful (1) a Greek New Testament either the UBS 4th edition or Nestle-Aland 27th edition New Testament text (the WestcottHortRobinson New Testament text available online at

httpfacultygordoneduhubited_hildebrandtindexcfm and (2) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature 3d ed by Bauer Danker Arndt and Gingrich (BDAG) William Mouncersquos Basics of Biblical Greek or Gerald Stevensrsquos New Testament Greek are both good first-year grammar resources if you want to supplement the materials here There are several advanced grammars and mp3 audio resources at our web site for free 1 John is found there with Mozart in the background which actually helps make it more memorable

What Is Koine or New Testament Greek

Greek is one of the oldest members of the Indo-European family of languages Other members of this family are Sanskrit which is older and Latin (the Romance languages French Spanish etc) which is younger English is derived from the Teutonic branch and Russian from the Slavic branch of the Indo-European family Hebrew is found in a totally different Semitic family of Near Eastern languages akin to Aramaic Akkadian Arabic Ugaritic and others

The Greek language has developed through five stages

1 Formative Period (prendash900 BC) This period extended from ldquoLinear Brdquo (ca 1200 BC) down through the time of Homer (ca 900 BC)

2 Classical Period (900ndash300 BC) The Classical Period was from the time of Homer down to Alexander the Great (330 BC) There were numerous dialects during this period (eg Doric Aeolic and Ionic) Attic a branch of Ionic became the predominant dialect at Athens and was used by most of the famous classical Greek authors such as Plato Aristotle Xenophon Thucydides and others

3 The Koine Period (330 BCndashAD 330) As Alexander unified Greece and needed a single Greek language for his army before he could begin to spread Hellenistic culture through the ancient world many of the subtleties of classical Greek were lost Greek was simplified and changed as it interfaced with and was influenced by other cultures This common language came to be known as Koine (common) Greek It was in this language that the Septuagint (LXX the Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament) the New Testament and the works of the early church fathers were written The nature of Koine eluded modern scholars because of its simplicity when compared to Classical Greek This led some scholars in the nineteenth century to explain it as a ldquoHoly Ghostrdquo language created just for the Bible In the early part of the twentieth century Deissmann Moulton and others found that the recently discovered Egyptian papyri inscriptions and ostraca were written in the same common everyday language used by the New Testament God

6

speaks in the language of the people At points the New Testament will manifest Hebraisms where the influence of Hebrew andor Aramaic may be seen

4 The Byzantine Period (AD 330ndash1453) During the Byzantine Period Greek was spoken in the eastern half of the Roman empire which was centered in Constantinople In 1453 Constantinople fell to the Turks That concluded this period Tension between the Greeks and Turks persists until this day

5 The Modern Period The Modern Period dates from 1453 to the present Modern Greek is closer to Koine than it is to Classical Greek Modern pronunciation and grammatical structures however are quite different from the Greek that Jesus spoke We will focus on Koine Greek As recently as 1982 major changes have taken modern Greek further from its Koine roots In the latest edition of Standard Modern Greek established by the Center for Educational Studies in Greece the number of accents has been reduced to one the breathing marks dropped and the dative case middle voice and optative mood are not present in modern Greek

The recent merging of katharevousa (hybrid of ancient and Modern used for official and academic purposes) has given way to the more populace oriented Demotic (ca 1976) as Modern Standard Greek which is another step further away from Koine (vid Holton Mackridge and Philippaki-Warburton Greek A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language (Routledge 1997) or Greek Today a Course in the Modern Language and Culture (Dartmouth College Press 2004) by Peter Bien Dimitri Gonicas et al Those looking for advanced grammars on Koine should pursue books by Stanley Porter Daniel Wallace and David Black as well as the articles by James Boyer and books by A T Robertson Moulton and Burton freely available on the web-site and this disk

7

Introduction 8

CHAPTER 1The Alphabet

24 Letters the Gateway into the Language

SmallCapitalα Α Alpha sounds like ldquoardquo in fatherβ Β Beta sounds like ldquobrdquo in Bibleγ Γ Gamma sounds like ldquogrdquo in goneδ Δ Delta sounds like ldquodrdquo in dogε Ε Epsilon sounds like ldquoerdquo in metζ Ζ Zeta sounds like ldquozrdquo in daze when it begins a word ldquodzrdquo when

itrsquos in the middle of a wordη Η Eta sounds like ldquoerdquo in obeyθ Θ Theta sounds like ldquothrdquo in thinkι Ι Iota short sounds like the ldquoirdquo in sit

Iota long sounds like the ldquoirdquo in machine Modern Greek uses the long ldquoirdquo as in machine In initial positions it is often found in Hebrew personal names where it has a consonant ldquoyrdquo sound Ἰησοῦς (JesusYesus)

κ Κ Kappa sounds like ldquokrdquo in kitchenλ Λ Lambda sounds like ldquolrdquo in lawμ Μ Mu sounds like ldquomrdquo in motherν Ν Nu sounds like ldquonrdquo in newξ Ξ Xsi sounds like ldquoxrdquo in axeο Ο Omicron sounds like ldquoordquo in not or ldquoordquo in omelette Some

pronounce it like modern Greek with a long ldquoordquo as in obey others like Hansen and Quinn (Greek An Intensive Course) use the ldquoourdquo sound in thought Modern Greek uses a long ldquoordquo as in ocean

π Π Pi sounds like ldquoprdquo in peachρ Ρ Rho sounds like ldquorrdquo in rodσ Σ Sigma sounds like ldquosrdquo in set

Sigma looks like ς when it comes at the end of a word (final sigma)mdashσοφός (wise)

τ Τ Tau sounds like ldquotrdquo in talkυ Υ Upsilon sounds like ldquooordquo in hoops Modern Greek uses an ldquoirdquoas

in machine φ Φ Phi sounds like ldquophrdquo in phoneχ Χ Chi sounds like ldquochrdquo in chemicalψ Ψ Psi sounds like ldquopsrdquo in lips

8

Introduction 9

ω Ω Omega sounds like ldquoordquo in tone

9

CHAPTER 1 The Alphabet

We will focus on the lower-case letters miniscules although the early uncial (uppercase) manuscripts were written without punctuation or spaces between the words in all uppercase letters majuscules (major writings) Be able to recognize the upper-case letters Capital letters are used in proper names to begin direct quotations and at the beginning of paragraphs You may want to use the Mastering New Testament Greek disk to work on the pronunciation of these letters and to drill yourself

Easy English look alikes α β ε ι κ ο ς τ υ

Double consonants θ (th) ξ (xs) φ (ph) χ (ch) ψ (ps)

Easy to confuse letters

ηmdasheta (with n)νmdashnu (with v)ρmdashrho (with p)χmdashchi (with x)ωmdashomega (with w)

Here are some English-like examples to use for sounding things out Pronounce the following accenting the capitalized syllables

ανθρωποςmdashpronounced ldquoAN-thro-posrdquo (anthropology)θεοςmdashpronounced ldquothe-OSrdquo (theology)προφητηςmdashpronounced ldquopro-FA-tasrdquo (two long arsquos) (prophets)Χριστοςmdashpronounced ldquoKri-STOSrdquo (Christ)καρδιαmdashpronounced ldquokar-DE-ardquo (i = ee) (heart cf cardiac)αμηνmdashpronounced ldquoa-MEINrdquo (ei = long a sound) (amen)

Vowels α ε η ι ο υ ω

Short Longε ηο ω

Can be either long or short α ι υ

The iota will be pronounced three different ways

1 Iota short sounds like ldquoirdquo in ldquositrdquo

2 Iota long sounds like the ldquoirdquo in ldquomachinerdquo (= modern Greek)

3 When it is initial in a Hebrew name it sounds like a ldquoyrdquomdash Ἰησοῦς (JesusYesus)

10


Nasal gamma The ldquogrdquo sound of a gamma changes to a ldquonrdquo sound when put before γ κ χ ξ ἄγγελος is pronounced ldquoangelosrdquo This is called a ldquonasal gammardquo

Final sigma Sigma is always written σ unless it comes at the end of a word when it is written ς This form is called a final sigma It is pronounced the same Thus σοφός (wise) shows the two forms of the sigma (note the final sigma form)

Eight diphthongs 2 vowels with 1 sound Diphthongs are combination vowels Two vowels are written but result in only one sound These are frequent in Greek and so be aware of them The final letter of a diphthong will always be an ι or an υ (closed vowel) The diphtongs in Modern Greek are the place of greatest phonetic divergence

αι as in aisle (αἷμα blood)ει as in eight (εἰμί I am)οι as in oil (οἶκος house)υι as in suite (υἱός son)αυ as in sauerkaut (αὐτός he)ευ ηυ as in feud (πιστεύω I believe)ου as in boutique (Ἰησοῦς Jesus)

All are considered long except αι and οι when at the end of a word where they are short

Iota subscripts (Improper diphthongs) There are 3 letter combinations that are formed by taking the vowels α η and ω and subscripting an iota under them It doesnrsquot affect pronunciation but may be significant in specifying grammatical features ᾳ ῃ ῳ

Diaeresis ( ἨσαϊαςndashIsaiah Ἠ-σα-ι-ας)mdashcancels the diphthong effect (indicates the two vowels must be kept separate) The diaeresis shows that a vowel must be pronounced as a separate syllable It will be found often on Old Testament names (Μωϋσῆς = Moses)

Ἠσαΐας Ἠ-σα-ΐ-ας Isaiah (Jn 123)Μωϋσῆς Μω-ϋ-σῆς Moses (Jn 145)Ἀχαΐα Ἀ-χα-ΐ-α Achaia (Acts 1812)

A phonetic chart is also a helpful way of grouping the letters

Labials (lips) π β φDentals (teeth) τ δ θVelars (palate) κ γ χ

Phonetic sigma addition

11


Labial + σ = ψ Velar + σ = ξ Dental + σ = σ(π + σ = ψ) (κ + σ = ξ) (τ + σ = σ)

12


Vocabulary

At this point donrsquot worry about the accent marks over vowels except to stress that syllable (chapter 2 is on accents) The number following the word is the number of times the word is used in the New Testament The word after the dash gives an English parallel

ἄγγελος angel (175)mdashangelἀμήν truly verily (129)mdashamenἄνθρωπος man human (550)mdashanthropologyἐγώ I (1175)mdashegoθεός God (1317)mdashtheologyκαί and even also (9153)καρδία heart (156)mdashcardiacλέγω I say (2354)προφήτης prophet (144)mdashprophetΧριστός Christ Messiah anointed one (529)mdashChrist

Things to Know and Do

1 Be able to chant through the alphabet saying the name of each letter in order Be able to do the Alpha-robics moves See if you can say the Greek alphabet as fast as you can say the English alphabet Can you see where the name ldquoalphabetrdquo comes from Know what a final sigma looks like What are diphthongs and what sound does each make Know which vowels are long and short and which can be either What are the three iota subscripts What role does the diaeresis play Know the vocabulary items (recognize and write them)

2 Work on the drills and exercises in Mastering New Testament Greek Interactive chapter 1

3 Do the worksheets from the workbook

13

CHAPTER 2Accents Syllables and English Grammar

You will be able tomdash

1 identify syllables for pronunciation2 identify the three Greek accents3 recognize the basic rules of Greek accents4 identify proclitics and enclitics5 identify roughsmooth breathings apostrophes and diaeresis markings6 identify four Greek punctuation marks7 remember English grammar (parts of speech noun declension and verb parsing)

and8 gain a mastery of ten more Greek vocabulary words

Syllable Slicing

In order to correctly pronounce Greek words we need to be able to identify how the syllables are combined to make words Greek divides words into syllables in almost the same way as English So if you donrsquot recognize a new word just try to pronounce it as you would in English Generally start at the left and divide after the vowel

Four Syllable Rules

1 A consonant or pronounceable consonant cluster (ie any consonant combination that can begin or end a Greek word) goes with the vowel that follows it

2 Split two consonants if they are the same letter or if they create an unpronounceable combination (ie any consonant combination that cannot begin or end a Greek word)

3 Split two vowels (except for diphthongs) allowing only one vowel or diphthong per syllable

4 Split compound words into their original parts before applying the rules of syllable division

Check a Greek lexicon to determine whether or not a particular consonant cluster can begin or end a word If you can find a word that begins with that cluster it is safe to assume that it is a pronounceable cluster and should not be divided The following examples illustrate the rules for word division The four rules are briefly 1) consonants go

14

with following vowel 2) split consonants (except clusters) 3) split vowels (except diphthongs) and 4) split words

(1) A consonant or pronounceable consonant cluster goes with what follows

Syllables Meaningἀμήν ἀ μήν truly verily μ goes with following vowelδόξα δό ξα glory fame ξ goes with following vowelἐγώ ἐ γώ I γ goes with following vowelλέγω λέ γω I say γ goes with following vowelλόγος λό γος word statement γ goes with following vowelκύριος κύ ρι ος LORD ρ goes with following vowelκόσμος κό σμος world σμ is a cluster vid ΣμύρναΠέτρος Πέ τρος Peter τρ is a cluster vid τρεῖς Χριστός Χρι στός Christ στ is a cluster vid στολή

(2) Split two consonants Consonant clusters are divided if they are the same letter or if they create an unpronounceable combination

Syllables Meaningἄγγελος ἄγ γε λος angel messenger (γγ)ἀδελφός ἀ δελ φός brother (λφ)ἄνθρωπος ἄν θρω πος man (θρ is a pronounceable cluster)καρδία καρ δί α heart (ρδ)ἔρχεται ἔρ χε ται hesheit comes (ρχ)μαρτυρέω μαρ τυ ρέ ω I testify (ρτ)βάλλω βάλ λω I throw (λλ)

(3) Split two vowels (except for diphthongs) allowing only one vowel or diphthong per syllable

Syllables Meaningἀκούω ἀ κού ω I hear obey (ου is a diphthong)θεός θε ός God (εο)καρδία καρ δί α heart (ια)κύριος κύ ρι ος lord LORD (ιο)υἱός υἱ ός son (υι is a diphthong) (υιο)Φαρισαῖος φα ρι σαῖ ος Pharisee (αι is a diphthong) (αιο)

(4) Split compound words into their original parts before applying the rules of syllable division

Example When the preposition σύν (ldquowithrdquo) combines with the verb ἄγω (ldquoI leadrdquo) the syllable breaks are συν-ά-γω not συ-νά-γω as rule 2 would require

15

CHAPTER 2 Accents Syllables and English Grammar

Syllable Names

Traditionally the last three syllables of a word have had specific names The last syllable is called the ldquoultimardquo the second from the last the ldquopenultrdquo and the third from the last the ldquoantepenultrdquo Penult means ldquoalmost lastrdquo in Latin Antepenult means ldquobefore the almost lastrdquo

Antepenult Penult Ultimaκό σμος world

προ φή της prophetἀ δελ φός brother

Three Accents

1 Acute ( ´ ) angles upward (left to right) originally indicating a rising pitch Today we use the accents to specify syllable emphasis not tone or pitch variation

λέγω (I say)

2 Grave ( ` ) angles downward originally indicating a falling pitch

ἀδελφὸς (brother)

3 Circumflex ( ῀ ) angles upward then downward originally indicating a rising then falling pitch

αὐτοῦ (his)

Potential Accent Placement

1 Acute may occur on any of the last three syllables (antepenult penult ultima)

Acute on Any of the Last Three Syllables

Syllables Meaningἄγ γε λος angel messenger (antepenult acute)

δό ξα glory fame (penult acute)ἐ γώ I (ultima acute)

2 Circumflex may occur only on the last two syllables (but only if the vowel or diphthong is long)

16


Circumflex on Either of the Last Two Long Syllables

Syllables MeaningΦα ρι σαῖ ος Pharisee (penult circumflex)

αὐ τοῦ his (ultima circumflex)

Diphthongs are considered long except for οι or αι in a final syllable

3 Grave may occur only on the last syllable

Grave on the Last Syllable

Syllables Meaningἀ δελ φὸς brother (ultima grave)

ἀ μὴν truly verily (ultima grave)

Potential Placement Chart

Antepenult Penult UltimaAcute ´ ´ ´Circumflex ῀ ῀Grave `

Six Accent Rules

Rule 1 Nouns Are Retentive

Nouns attempt to keep their accents on the same syllable as the base form you learn in the vocabulary lists or find in the lexicon

man humanἄνθρωπος antepenult acuteἀνθρώπου penult acute long ultima causes changeἀνθρώπῳ penult acute long ultima causes changeἄνθρωπον antepenult acute short ultima no changeἄνθρωπε antepenult acute short ultima no change

Rule 2 Verbs Are Recessive

The verbrsquos accent has a tendency to recede toward the first syllable as far as possible

λύω λύ ω I loose (penult acute)λύεις λύ εις you loose (penult acute)λύει λύ ει hesheit looses (penult acute)λύομεν λύ ο μεν we loose (antepenult acute)λύετε λύ ε τε you (pl) loose (antepenult acute)

17


λύουσι λύ ου σι they loose (antepenult acute)

Rule 3 Long Ultima No Antepenult Accent

If the ultima is long then the antepenult cannot be accented

ἄνθρωπος antepenult acuteἀνθρώπου penult acute cannot accent antepenult because of ουἀνθρώπῳ penult acute cannot accent antepenult because of ῳ

Rule 4 Long Ultima Acute Penult

If the ultima is long and the penult is accented then that accent must be an acute

ἀνθρώπου penult acute long ultima ου causes changeἀνθρώπῳ penult acute long ultima ῳ causes changeλύω I loose (penult acute)λύεις you loose (penult acute)λύει hesheit looses (penult acute)

Rule 5 Short Ultima Long Penult Takes Circumflex

If the ultima is short and the penult is both long and accented that accent must be a circumflex

ἦλθεν ἦλ θεν he went (short ultima long penult) (Jn 17)ἐκεῖνος ἐ κεῖ νος that (short ultima long penult) (Jn 18)πρῶτος πρῶ τος first earlier (short ultima long penult) (Jn 115)

Rule 6 Acute Ultima Changed to Grave

If an acute is on the ultima it becomes a grave when followed by another word without intervening punctuation

πρὸς τὸν θεόν two graves and an acute (Jn 11)καὶ θεὸς ἦν two graves and a circumflex (Jn 11)

Words with No Accents

There are several short Greek words that do not have an accent These clitics are pronounced as if they were part of the word that accompanies them A clitic is a word that ldquoleans onrdquo the preceding or the following word

1 Proclitic comes before the word that carries the accent

18


Proclitic (before the accented word)

ὁ Χριστός the Christ (Jn 120) (ὁ has no accent the ‛ is a breathing mark not an accentmdashsee below)

ὁ λόγος the word (Jn 11) (ὁ has no accent)Ἐν ἀρχῇ in the beginning (Jn 11) ( Ἐν has no accent)οὐ κατέλαβεν it did not understandovercome (Jn 15) (οὐ has no

accent)

19


2 Enclitic comes after the word that carries the accent

Enclitic (after the accented word)

πρῶτός μου before me (Jn 115) (μου has no accent) Note the accent added to the ultima of πρῶτός

Ἐγώ εἰμι I am (Jn 635) (εἰμι has no accent)

Breathing Marks

There are two breathing marks that are placed on vowels and diphthongs when they begin words

1 Smooth breathing ( ᾽ ) does not affect pronunciation

Smooth breathing ( ᾽ )

ἀδελφός brotherἄγγελος angel messengerἀμήν truly verilyἀπόστολος apostleἐγώ I

2 Rough breathing ( ‛ ) adds an ldquohrdquo sound before the sound of the initial vowel

Rough breathing ( ‛ )

ἕξ six as in hexagonυἱός son descendant (note breathing goes on the second vowel

of the diphthong initial word)ὑπέρ in behalf of aboveἵνα that in order that (note the breathing mark beside the

acute accent)

Note an initial rho (ρ) always takes a rough breathing (ῥῆμα word) It has no effect on the pronunciation however Initial υ always takes a rough breathing too

Punctuation Marks

There are four punctuation marks in Greek The comma and period are the same as in English The colon and question mark are different

1 Period ( ) λόγος2 Comma ( ) λόγος

20


3 Colon ( ) λόγος4 Question Mark ( ) λόγος

Apostrophe

In English letters that drop out or are elided are marked with an apostrophe (eg itrsquos = it is) Greek also uses an apostrophe to mark the missing letter(s) The final letter of a preposition if it is a vowel is dropped when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel

διά + αὐτοῦ becomes δι᾽ αὐτοῦ

(Note that the omitted alpha is replaced by an apostrophe Jn 13 7 cf Jn 139)

Coronis

Sometimes a word with a final vowel followed by a word with an initial vowel will be contracted together This is called ldquoCrasisrdquo A coronis ( ᾽ ) is used to retain the breathing of the second word

καί [and] + ἐγώ [I] becomes κἀγώ (ldquoand Irdquo Jn 131 33)

Quick Review of English Grammar

Parts of Speech

1 Noun names a person place thing or idea (eg book)

2 Adjective is a word used to qualify the meaning of the noun (eg good book)

3 Definite Article is a word that specifies a particular noun (eg the good book) The indefinite article is ldquoardquo (eg a book)

4 Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun (eg the book it)

5 Preposition is a relational word that connects an object (often a noun) to its antecedent (eg in the book)

6 Verb is often an action or state-of-being word that makes a statement asks a question or gives a command (eg read the book)

7 Adverb qualifies the meaning of the verb (eg read quickly)

21


8 Particle is a small indeclinable word expressing some general aspect of meaning or some connective or limiting relation (see chapter 27)

Sentence Parts (Σψνταχ)

The sentence is divided into two parts

1 Subject about which something is said

Simple subject Terry went to the storeThe big red truck moved slowly

Complete subject The big red truck moved slowlyCompound subject Terry and Dawn went to the storeUnderstood subject Please close the door (ldquoyourdquo is understood)

2 Predicate is that which is said about the subject

Simple predicate Joy walked homeComplete predicate Joy walked homeCompound predicate Joy walked home and raked leaves

Predicate nominative It is I (rather than ldquoIt is merdquo) A predicate nominative completes the idea of the subject It will most often occur with an ldquoisrdquo verb

Phrases

A phrase is a group of words used as a single part of speech

Perhaps the most common is the prepositional phrase

The book by the bed is my textbook (the phrase acts like an adjective modifying ldquobookrdquo)

He held the book over his head (the phrase acts like an adverb modifying ldquoheldrdquo)

Infinitive phrases often act as nouns adverbs or adjectives

With work you can expect to master Greek (as a noun)

He played to win (as an adverb)

He had plenty of water to drink (as an adjective modifying water)

Clause

22


A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and predicate (A clause has a verb a phrase does not)

Phrase The great big strong man (an adjective phrase)

Clause The man who owns the store (an adjectivalrelative clause)

A main clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone

A subordinate clause is dependent on the main clause and cannot stand alone Note the following subordinate clauses

When the store opened the people pushed through the front door

He knew that power had gone out of him

Vanquishing Verbs

It is crucial for students of Greek to gain mastery over (conquer vanquish) verbs

Tense generally describes the time of action of the verb (present future past) although the timetense connection has been hotly contested recently (vid S Porter R Decker D Mathewson et al) Some see the Greek tense forms as being used to denote Aktionsart (how the action takes place [punctiliar durative iterative inceptive]) and others stress aspect (the writerrsquos view or portrayal of the action as opposed to whenhow the action actually happened) You should be aware of all three perspectives

Tense=time Time is

Kathy walks everyday (present tense) Kathy walked yesterday (past tense) Kathy will walk tomorrow (future tense) Horses gallop across the prairie (omnitemporalgnomic what they usually do) God loves you (timeless)

The Greek verb forms (presentaoristperfect) are not directly indicative of the time an event actually happened Hence the present tense form can be used for events that are past present future omnitemporal or timeless

Aktionsart denotes the type of action how it happens These types of features are better understood as a result of the discourse level or based on the lexical meanings of particular verbs and combinations rather than to try to force such ldquomeaningsrdquo onto the morphological tense forms (present aorist perfect)

Continuousdurative action (the event as a process) He is cooking

23


Iterative (happens repeatedly) He kept shooting the ball

Inceptive (event is beginning) She is leaving now

Omnitemporalgnomic Horses gallop across the prairie (omnitemporalgnomic what they usually do)

Timeless God loves you

Aspect the writerrsquos portrayal of an action (PorterDeckerMathewson) the time is indicated more from adverbials prepositions or time words than from the ldquotenserdquo of the verb

PresentImperfect immediacy details in progress descriptive foreground material (can be used to portray present past future omnitemporal or timeless action so it is not time locked)

Aorist wholistic complete undifferentiated background material

PerfectPluperfect state of affairs frontground form

Mathewson defines background foreground and frontground as follows

1 background this does not refer to material that is non-essential or unimportant but to material that serves a supporting role

2 foreground this refers to material that is selected for more attention and often consists of the main characters and thematic elements in a discourse

3 frontground elements that are frontgrounded are singled out for special attention are presented in a more well-defined way and stand out in an unexpected manner in the discourse (Mathewson 27)

Voice shows who does or receives the action of the verb Voice indicates how the subject is related to the action of the verb

Active Subject does the action

Middle Subject does action for itself or emphasizing the subjects participation in the action of the verb (most often the Greek is translated into an English active or for himheritself [benefit])

Passive Subject receives the action

Mathewson has described it visually as

24


Active Subject ----gt Verb (object) Middle Subject lt--gt Verb Passive Subjects lt--- Verb (agent)

Examples of verb voice

Zachary shot the ball (active)mdashZach does the actionThe ball was shot by Zachary (passive)mdashball receives actionZachary himself passed the ball (middle)mdashZach did it for himself

Verbal mood shows how something is said

Indicative Portrayal of reality Subjunctive Desire prossibleImperative Command entreatyOptative Wish remote possibility

Examples of Verb Mood

Indicative He learned Greek well

Subjunctive In order that he might learn Greek well If he studies he may learn Greek well

Imperative Learn Greek well

Optative Oh that you might learn Greek(Hopefully this will not be a remote possibility)

Nouns

Nouns in Greek have gender number and case

Gender The Greek masculine feminine and neuter genders are often indicated by the endings attached to the noun Abstract nouns and objects that are neither male nor female in English are often marked as either masculine or feminine in Greek (The boat she left port)

Number As an ldquosrdquo often ends an English word that is plural Greek likewise has endings that mark whether a noun is singular or plural (eg book books)

Case In English we have three cases that are seen in how we use our pronouns Case will be an important feature in Greek and often difficult to grasp initially

25


1 Subjective or nominative case She = subject (She did it) 2 Objective or accusative case Her = object (The car hit her) 3 Possessive or genitive case Hers = possessive (The car was hers)

Greek adds two more

4 Dative case The case marking the indirect object (I told the story to the apostles) 5 Vocative case The case of direct address (O Lord save me)

Endings will be added to the Greek nouns to indicate gender number and case

Vocabulary

ἀδελφός brother (343)ἀκούω I hear obey (428)δόξα glory fame (166)ἔχω I have hold (708)κόσμος world (186)κύριος lord Lord sir (717)λόγος word (330)Πέτρος Peter (156)υἱός son (377)Φαρισαῖος Pharisee (98)

26

CHAPTER 3Present Active Verbs


1 understand the English verbal system and its parallels to Greek (tense voice mood person and number)

2 recognize and write the present active indicative forms of Greek verbs and3 master ten high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

Verbs are words of action or state of being

Zachary drove the carElliott is a good kid

We use verbs to make statements give commands or express wishes

Come here (command)May Zach play basketball this year (wish)Tanya is working tonight (statement)

Tense=time in English

Tense in English refers to the time of the action of the verb

Present Annette swims Past Annette swam Future Annette will swim Perfect Annette has swum

TenseAktionsartAspect

In Greek the tense form is not used so much as to coordinate with time (when the event happened usually indicated by the context through adverbs prepositional phrases and other temporal indicators) or to how (typeduration [Aktionsart] usually implicit in the lexical meaning of the verb or broader context) the action takes place but and most of all its aspect which is the authorrsquos portrayal of an action (foregroundingimmediacy descriptiveprogress [present tense form] backgroundwholisticcomplete [aorist] and frontgroundingstate of being [perfect]) In short while we will generally translate the present tense in this course with an English present one must realize that there is not really

27

a connection of the present tense form with the present time and the present tense form can be used for past present future timeless or omnitemporal types of verbal actions Thus aspect or how the author portrays an activity seems to be a more adequate way to describe the present tense form (foregroundingimmediacy descriptiveprogress) but for now we will simply translate it in these exercises which are out of context as an English present tense Be aware however that the actual time will more often than not be indicated by adverbs prepositional phrases and conjunctive modifiers than from the tense form on the verb

Voice

English has two voices to which Greek adds a third

1 Active voice The subject does the action of the verb

Active voice examples

Terry hit the ballJoy kissed Andy

2 Passive voice The subject receives the action of the verb

Passive voice examples

The ball was hit by TerryAndy was kissed by Joy

3 Middle voice The subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb is emphasized the action is done for the subjectrsquos benefit or rarely the subject acts on himherself (reflexive) or members of a group interact among themselves (reciprocal)

Middle voice examples

Terry himself kicked the ball (emphasizing participation frequent)Terry kicked the ball for himself (interestbenefit)Terry kicked himself (reflexive rare)The players patted each other (reciprocal rare)

Some describe many middle verbs in Greek as deponent (75 percent of the time) This means they are middle in form but translated as active with the active form missing (ldquodeponentrdquo) In this program the middle will be translated as active unless otherwise indicated (Mounce Basics 149) Such ldquodeponentrdquo verbs are easily found in the lexicon as having an ndashομαι ending (eg ἔρχομαι γίνομαι) rather than the normal active ending ω (eg βλέπω ἀκούω) While the term ldquodeponentrdquo is debated it may be best just to translate them as middles emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb (hence active)

28

Mood

Mood refers to the kind of reality of the action or how the action of the verb is regarded

1 Indicative mood The verb simply states or portrays that something happened Elliott prays

2 Imperative mood The verb gives a command exhortation or entreaty Pray Elliott

3 Subjunctive mood The verb expresses a wish possibility or potentialityElliott may pray

4 Optative mood The verb expresses a wish remote possibilityOh that he would stand

Person

There are three persons in Greek

1 First person indicates the person(s) speaking (I [singular] or we [plural])

First person examples

I studied GreekWe studied Greek

2 Second person indicates the person(s) spoken to (you [singular or plural]) Some would say ldquoyou-allrdquo ldquoyerdquo or ldquoyoursquounsrdquo (dialect) for the plural thus distinguishing it from ldquoyourdquo or ldquothourdquo as singular

Second person examples

You studied GreekYou both studied Greek

3 Third person indicates the person(s) or thing(s) spoken about (he she it [singular] they [plural])

Third person examples

She studied GreekThey studied GreekIt made them happy

29

Number and Agreement

Both English and Greek distinguish between singular (I you he she it) and the plural (we you they)

Verbs must agree with their subjects in both person and number

He rides the waveThey ride the wave (not ldquoThey rides the waverdquo)

Introduction to the Greek Present Active Indicative (PAI)

The present active indicative (PAI) will be our first verb paradigm It is a frequently used ldquotenserdquo in the New Testament (over 4400 times) Active means that the subject does the action of the verb as opposed to the middle or passive voices The indicative mood portrays the action as reality (liars also use the indicative so what is being portrayed as reality may not be in fact) making a statement as opposed to the imperative (command) or subjunctive (possibility) moods which we will study later

Each form will be composed of aStem + Pronominal ending

λύ + ω

Translation

The present tense may used of either undefined Aktionsart (event simply happens) or continuous Aktionsart (event was a process)

Thus for our grammatical practice sentences they will be translated as follows

1 Undefined I loose I run2 Continuous I am loosing I am running

The context will determine which should be used One should be aware that in sentences in contexts the present tense form can be used to designate action in the past present future omnitemporal or timeless happenings

Historical Present

Greek will often use the present tense to reference an event that actually happened in the past The historical present is used to add vividness or dramatic effect to the narrative or most often it is an idiom It often occurs in narrative in the third person In these cases the present tense is simply translated by our past tense (ldquohe saysrdquo becomes ldquohe saidrdquo)

30

This present active paradigm is very important You should be able to chant through it in your sleep Learn these ldquoprimaryrdquo pronominal endings also since they will be useful when we do the future tense

Stem + pronominal suffix λύ + ω λύ + ομενλύ + εις λύ + ετελύ + ει λύ + ουσι

Present Active Indicative (PAI) Paradigm

Singular Plural1 λύω I looseam loosing λύομεν We looseare loosing2 λύεις You looseare

loosingλύετε You looseare loosing

3 λύει Hesheit loosesis loosing

λύουσι(ν) They looseare loosing

Primary Pronominal Suffixes

ω I ομεν weεις you ετε you (you-all)ει hesheit ουσι(ν) they

Movable Nu ( ν )

Most frequently a nu ( ν ) is added to the end of words ending in σι or ε In English we do something similar with ldquoa bookrdquo and ldquoan itemrdquo Most often the third plural form will be λύουσιν instead of λύουσι (cf βλέπουσιν καὶ Mat 1313) Rarely the nu (ν) will be dropped before words beginning with consonants (cf βλέπουσι τὸ Mat 1810)

Second Person Plural

In English we make no distinction between a ldquoyourdquo singular and a ldquoyourdquo that is plural (ldquoyou allrdquo) Some grammars following King James English use ldquothourdquo for the singular and ldquoyerdquo for the plural Such usage is archaic and hence we will use ldquoyourdquo for both second person singular and plural You should be aware however that in Greek a sharp distinction is made

Parsing Format

Verbs are parsed or conjugated in the following format

Tense voice mood person number lexical form English meaning

31

Eg λύω Present active indicative (PAI) 1st person singular from λύω meaning ldquoI loose destroyrdquo

Shorter form λύω PAI 1 sg from λύω ldquoI loose destroyrdquo

λύετε PAI 2 pl from λύω ldquoyou loose destroyrdquo

Chant 1 Present Active Indicative (PAI) of λύω (I looseam loosing)

Recite the first column then the second Practice until it is as natural as breathing

λύω λύομεν λύεις λύετε λύει λύουσι(ν)

32

CHAPTER 3 Present Active Verbs

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yet (638)ἀπόστολος apostle sent one (80)βλέπω I see (133)γάρ for then (1041)Γινώσκω I know (222)Ἰησοῦς Jesus (917)λαμβάνω I take receive (258)λύω I loose (42)οὐρανός heaven (273)πιστεύω I believe (241)

33

CHAPTER 4Second Declension Nouns


1 understand the English syntax of nouns in sentences (subject object number gender etc)

2 understand the Greek noun system (gender number case)3 write out the second declension paradigm for masculine and neuter nouns and4 master ten high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

A noun is commonly defined as a word that stands for a person place or thing

Natanya = personStore = placeCar = thing

Gender

Gender in English is determined by the sex of the referent ldquoking herdquo ldquoqueen sherdquo Objects that are neither male nor female are considered neuter ldquotable itrdquo In Greek some inanimate objects are given male or female designations Be careful not to confuse Greek grammatical gender with biological gender

οἶκος ldquoHouserdquo is masculineἱερόν ldquoTemplerdquo is neuterἐκκλησία ldquoChurch congregationrdquo is feminine

Number

Both English and Greek inflect words for number Both languages have singular and plural nouns Notice the change on the end of the Greek words

Singular Plural Singular Pluralheaven heavens οὐρανός οὐρανοίman men ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωποι

Case

34

English uses word inflections in order to indicate changes in case Case is the role a word plays in the sentence (such as subject object possessive)

Subjective Case (Greek Nominative)

This is the subject of the verbHe hit the ball

The subject of the sentence can usually be discovered by putting ldquowhordquo or ldquowhatrdquo before the verb

He ran to the storeWho ran to the store He (= subject)

Objective Case (Greek Accusative)

This is the object of the verbThe ball hit him

The object of a sentence can usually be discovered by putting a ldquowhordquo or ldquowhatrdquo after the verb

He hit the ball

He hit what The ball (= object)

Possessive Case (Greek Genitive)

This indicates who is the possessorHe hit his truck

The possessive case often can be discovered by asking ldquowhoserdquoCharlie hid his cake

Whose cake His (possessive)

Nominative = subject of the sentenceAccusative = object of the sentenceGenitive = Possessive

Declensions First Second Third

There are three noun declensions in Greek A declension is a grouping of nouns that are inflected with a shared set of endings The difference in endings does not affect the translation procedure for first second and third declensions The second declension nouns are characterized by an ο as the final letter of the stem They are largely masculine or

35

neuter First declension nouns are characterized by an η or α for the final letter and are mostly feminine Third declension nouns have stems that end in a consonant

We will learn the second declension before the first because it is more frequent Second declension nouns are largely masculine as indicated in lexical lists by placing the masculine definite article ὁ (ldquotherdquo) after the nominative singular form Each noun should be learned with its definite article that indicates its gender Second declension nouns that are neuter are marked by placing the neuter definite article τό (ldquotherdquo) after the root

Article

In contrast to English which uses ldquoardquo as an indefinite article (ldquoa bookrdquo) Greek has no indefinite article Thus the Greek indefinite noun may be translated ldquobookrdquo or ldquoa bookrdquo Greek nouns are assumed to be indefinite unless marked by the article (ldquotherdquo) The Greek article can actually be used for several functions beyond making a noun definite For now simply be aware of the nominative form of the definite article which will indicate the gender of the noun being learned

ὁ = masculine (ldquotherdquo) ἡ = feminine (ldquotherdquo) τό = neuter (ldquotherdquo)

Gender

Greek nouns are masculine feminine or neuter in gender Often this gender is more a syntactical feature than a metaphysical statement as many inanimate objects are given grammatical gender Thus ldquoyearrdquo ( ἔτος) is neuter while ldquodayrdquo (ἡμέρα) is feminine but ldquotimerdquo (χρόνος) is masculine


As in English Greek has both singular and plural nouns The verb most often matches the number of the subject noun just as in English

Students (plural) love GreekThe student (singular) loves Greek

Inflectional Forms

In Greek there are five inflectional forms marking the various cases or roles that nouns play in sentences

Nominative Form

Most Often Marks the Subject of the Sentence

36

Music calms the heart

ldquoMusicrdquo is the subject of the sentence In Greek it would be marked with a nominative inflectional ending With ldquoisrdquo verbs it can be used as a predicate nominative as in ldquoIt is herdquo Here ldquoherdquo (nominative) is used rather than the accusative ldquohimrdquo

Genitive Form

Often Expresses a Possessive Description Origin Relation Limits quality

The Pharisee went to the house of God (description)The book of the chief was worn (possesive)The writing of the prophet (origin)The son of Mary (relation)

Note the different meanings of ldquoofrdquo in these sentences

ldquoOf Godrdquo or ldquoGodrsquosrdquo would be marked in Greek with a genitive inflectional ending We will generally use the keyword ldquoofrdquo when translating the genitive although the genitive may actually function in many other ways as well

Dative Form

Often Marks the Indirect Object Location Agency

He spoke a word to the apostle (Indirect Object)She went to the class (location)He was struck by the catcher (agency)

ldquoTo the apostlerdquo would be marked with a dative inflectional ending in Greek The dative functions in many ways In some contexts it may also be translated ldquoforrdquo or ldquoatrdquo or ldquobyrdquo or ldquowithrdquo We will generally use the key words ldquoto for at by withrdquo (remember = 2 by 4 ate (at) with) when translating the dative

Accusative Form

Indicates the Object of the Sentence

Joy saw the ballElliott walked home

ldquoThe ballrdquo is the object of the sentence It would be marked by an accusative inflectional ending in Greek The accusativersquos basic idea is limiting the content direction extent or goal of the verb or preposition it is associated with It limits the quantity while the genitive will limit the quality (Wallace) It can also be used as

37

the subject of the infinitive and some verbs will take a double accusative (eg ldquohe will teach you [1] all things [2]rdquo)

Vocative Form

Is Used for Direct Address

Sister you are the oneO Lord how majestic is your name

ldquoSisterrdquo receives a direct address and would be marked by a vocative inflectional ending in Greek

You should be able to chant through this declension Because the vocatives are so few and often the same as the nominative you need only to chant the Nom-Acc The vocative will be recognized when it appears and it is often the same as the nominative

Masculine Second Declension Forms (Stem Ending in ο) λόγος = word

Singular Plural Inflectional EndingsNom λόγος λόγοι ος οιGen λόγου λόγων ου ωνDat λόγῳ λόγοις ῳ οιςAcc λόγον λόγους ον ουςVoc λόγε λόγοι ε οι

Meaning of Inflectional Forms

Singular PluralNom λόγος a word λόγοι words (subject of sentence)Gen λόγου of a word λόγων of words (possessive origin)Dat λόγῳ to a word λόγοις To

words(indirect object)

Acc λόγον a word λόγους words (direct object)Voc λόγε O word λόγοι O words (direct address)

Nominative = subject of the sentence Genitive = descriptivepossessive usually translated with keyword ldquoofrdquo Dative = indirect objectagencylocation usually translated with keyword

ldquoto by for with atrdquo Accusative = direct object of a sentence

38

Vocative = direct address (eg O words tell us how to read Greek)

Another way to look at case (Hansen and Quinn Greek An Intensive Course 20)

Accusative Dative Genitive

Motion toward or into in Motion away fromout of==============gt =================gt

Neuter Second Declension Forms (Stem Ending in ο)

ἱερόν = temple

Singular PluralNomVoc ἱερόν ἱεράGen ἱεροῦ ἱερῶνDat ἱερῷ ἱεροῖςAcc ἱερόν ἱερά


Singular PluralNom ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (subject of sentence)Gen ἱεροῦ of a temple ἱερῶν of temples (possessive)Dat ἱερῷ to a temple ἱεροῖς To temples (indirect object)Acc ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (direct object)Voc ἱερόν O temple ἱερά O temples (direct address)

Note that in the neuter the nominative accusative and vocative always have the same form The genitive and dative neuter have the same endings as the masculine You should be able to chant through this paradigm lumping the vocative with the nominative

Declining Nouns

Verbs are parsed (PAI 1st sg from λύω ldquoI looserdquo) Nouns are declined using the following pattern Case number gender base Greek word meaning

For example

λόγῳ Dative Singular Masculine from λόγος meaning ldquoto a wordrdquo

39

ἱερῶν Genitive Plural Neuter from ἱερόν meaning ldquoof templesrdquo

Word Order

The order of words in a sentence in Greek may be the same as in English (subject + verb + object) Greek puts inflectional endings on nouns to mark their case This allows Greek to change the word order for various purposes without substantially altering the meaning of a sentence For example the subject may be placed after the verb and the object placed before the verb for emphasis while retaining the original meaning of the sentence Recent studies have shown that word order is important so the good student will keep an eye on the order of syntactic units (VSOM versus SVOM etc)

One comment on the vocabulary forms In lexical lists nouns such as δοῦλος are followed by -οῦ which gives the genitive singular ending indicating that it is a second declension noun The ὁ article is given to specify that it is masculine

Second Declension Noun Chant

λόγος (word Subject) ἱερόν (temple Subject)λόγου (of a word) ἱεροῦ (of a temple)λόγῳ (tobyfor a word) ἱερῷ (tobyfor a temple)λόγον (word Object) ἱερόν (temple Object)λόγοι (words Subject) ἱερά (temples Subject)λόγων (of words) ἱερῶν (of temples)λόγοις (tobyfor words) ἱεροῖς (tobyfor temples)λόγους (words Object) ἱερά (temples Object)

Vocabulary

ἀγαπάω I love (143)γράφω I write (191)δέ but and (2792)δοῦλος -ου ὁ servant slave (124)εὑρίσκω I find (176)ἱερόν -οῦ τό temple (71)λαός -οῦ ὁ people (142)νόμος -ου ὁ law (194)οἶκος -ου ὁ house (114)ὡς as about how (504)

40

CHAPTER 5First Declension Nouns



2 understand the Greek noun system (gender number case)3 write out and chant the first declension paradigm for feminine nouns and4 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

There are three noun declensions in Greek We have learned the second declension with its masculine and neuter nouns and its characteristic ο endings Now we will focus on the first declension First declension nouns are largely feminine as indicated by placing the feminine article ἡ (ldquotherdquo) after the nominative singular form Each noun should be learned with its definite article which indicates its gender The stem of first declension nouns ends with an alpha or eta Learn to chant through this eta first declension of γραφή Learn to recognize the variations on the other two forms (alpha and masculine form)

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in η) γραφή ἡ = writing Scripture

Singular Plural Inflectional EndingsNomVoc γραφή γραφαί η αιGen γραφῆς γραφῶν ης ωνDat γραφῇ γραφαῖς ῃ αιςAcc γραφήν γραφάς ην ας

Meanings Translation of Inflectional Forms

Singular PluralNom γραφή A writing γραφαί writings (subject of sentence)Gen γραφῆς of a writing γραφῶν of writings (possessivedescription)Dat γραφῇ to a writing γραφαῖς to writings (indirect objectagency)Acc γραφήν A writing γραφάς writings (direct object)Voc γραφή O writing γραφαί O writings (direct address)

Nominative = subject of the sentence predicate nom apposition Genitive = possessivedescriptionorigin usually translated with ldquoofrdquo Dative = indirect object usually translated with ldquotordquo ldquoforrdquo ldquobyrdquo ldquoatrdquo or

ldquowithrdquo (2 by 4 ate [at] with)

41

Accusative = direct object of a sentence double accusative Vocative = direct address (eg ldquoO writings show us rdquo)

The nominative can be used as in an appositional use Apposition is when this form restates or specifies a noun

For example ldquoPaul a servant an apostle writesrdquowhere ldquoa servantrdquo and ldquoan apostlerdquo are appositional renaming or specifying Paul

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in α)

ὥρα ἡ = hour

Singular PluralNomVoc ὥρα hour ὧραι hours (subject of sentence)Gen ὥρας of an hour ὡρῶν of hours (possessivedescrip)Dat ὥρᾳ for an hour ὥραις for hours (indirect objectag)Acc ὥραν hour ὥρας hours (direct object)

Note that the nominative and vocative have the same form The ὥρα and γραφή

forms are largely the same except for the simple shift of the eta to an alpha in the singular

Masculine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in η)

προφήτης ὁ = prophet

Singular PluralNom προφήτης prophet προφῆται prophets (subject)Gen προφήτου of a prophet προφητῶν of prophets (possessive)Dat προφήτῃ to a prophet προφήταις to prophets (indirect object)Acc προφήτην prophet προφήτας prophets (direct object)Voc προφῆτα O prophet προφῆται O prophets (direct address)

Note that the only major variation here is the genitive singular which takes an -ου ending Beyond that it is much the same as γραφή Vocatives are rare

Nouns ending in a consonantal blend (ψ ξ or ζ) or double

consonant δόξα -ης ἡ = glory

Singular PluralNom δόξα glory δόξαι glories (subject)Gen δόξης of glory δοξῶν of glories (possessive)Dat δόξῃ to glory δόξαις to glories (indirect object)Acc δόξαν glory δόξας glories (direct object)

42

Voc δόξα O glory δόξαι O glories (direct address)

The Article

While Greek has no indefinite article like the English ldquoardquo (eg a book) the Greek article usually translated ldquotherdquo occurs throughout the New Testament although it often can be used as a substitute for a personal pronoun demonstrative pronoun (thisthat) or a relative pronoun (whowhich) The article is inflected for gender number and case Indeed the article must match its noun in gender number and case The article marks the gender of a noun whether it is a first second or third declension noun The article can sometimes function as a pronoun (he she it ) and at root has a nominalizing impact on the words it goes with Sometimes it is not translated at all especially with proper nouns (ldquoJesusrdquo not ldquothe Jesusrdquo) or abstracts (ldquogracerdquo not ldquothe gracerdquo)

Examples

λόγος ldquowordrdquo or ldquoa wordrdquo Nom sg masc (Acts 1315)ὁ λόγος ldquothe wordrdquo Nom sg masc (Jn 11)λόγον ldquowordrdquo or ldquoa wordrdquo Acc sg masc (Jn 851)τὸν λόγον ldquothe wordrdquo Acc sg masc (Jn 439)

Article Forms

Singular PluralMasc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut

Nom ὁ ἡ τό οἱ αἱ τάGen τοῦ τῆς τοῦ τῶν τῶν τῶνDat τῷ τῇ τῷ τοῖς ταῖς τοῖςAcc τόν τήν τό τούς τάς τά

Note that ὁ οἱ ἡ and αἱ are proclitics each bearing no accent because it is associated so closely with (leans on) the following word Being able to recognize the case of the article is handy since that will also tell you the case of the accompanying noun Thus it is a good way to double-check whether or not you are declining a noun properly

The 2-1-2 Noun Chant (recite this so it becomes automatic)

2-Declension 1-Declension 2-Declensionλόγος (word Subject) γραφή (writing Subject) ἱερόν (temple Subject)λόγου (of a word) γραφῆς (of a writing) ἱεροῦ (of a temple)λόγῳ (tobyfor a word) γραφῇ (tobyfor a writing) ἱερῷ (tobyfor a temple)λόγον (word Object) γραφήν (writing Object) ἱερόν (temple Object)λόγοι (words Subject) γραφαί (writings Subject) ἱερά (temples Subject)λόγων (of words) γραφῶν (of writings) ἱερῶν (of temples)λόγοις (tobyfor words) γραφαῖς (tobyfor writings) ἱεροῖς (tobyfor temples)λόγους (words Object) γραφάς (writings Object) ἱερά (temples Object)

43

CHAPTER 5 First Declension Nouns

Vocabulary

ἀγάπη -ης ἡ love (116)ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth (109)ἁμαρτία -ας ἡ sin (173)βασιλεία -ας ἡ kingdom (162)γραφή -ῆς ἡ writing Scripture (50)ἐγείρω I raise up (144)ἐκκλησία -ας ἡ assembly church (114)ἔργον -ου τό work (169)μαθητής -οῦ ὁ disciple (261)ὥρα -ας ἡ hour (106)

44

CHAPTER 6PrepositionsYou will be able tomdash

1 understand English prepositions and the various ways they connect words2 translate the various Greek prepositions and how they relate to the noun inflectional

system3 recognize and predict when prepositions will have a letter elided4 identify and translate prepositions when they are compounded with other word

forms5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Jn 11 in Greek

Definition of Preposition

Prepositions are usually small words that link or relate two words together Often they tell position in space or timeThey often work in conjunction with the cases extending and clarifying the use of a particular case Wallace notes prepositions that are found with the accusative and dative often function adverbially and the genitive functions adjectivally (Wallace 160)

I saw the book on the table (adjectival usemdashmodifies the noun book)Tells of the spatial relationship of the book to the table

He went after the game (adverbial usemdashmodifies the verb went)Connects the personrsquos going to the time of the game

Prepositional Phrase

A phrase is a string of closely connected words A clause is a string of connected words andor phrases including both a subject and a verb

A prepositional phrase is usually composed of a preposition followed by a noun which is called the object of the preposition

Prep + noun = in + the car (ldquothe carrdquo is the object of the preposition ldquoinrdquo)

Preposition and Case

45

In English the object of the preposition is usually in the objective case Thus we would say ldquoSend the disk with him (accusative)rdquo and not ldquowith he (nominative)rdquo

Greek prepositions may be followed by nouns in the genitive dative or accusative inflectional forms Each preposition will have a particular case(s) that usually inflects the following noun or pronoun

Introduction to Greek Prepositions

Like English prepositions Greek prepositions are connecting or linking words Each preposition will take a nounadjectivepronoun in a certain case (genitive dative or accusative) This case must be learned along with the prepositionrsquos main meaning(s) The most common meanings are listed with each preposition but it is important to observe the context because many other meanings are possible Note that the genitive often has the idea of separation the dative the idea of location and the accusative the idea of motion toward

Prepositions Used with One Case

The following prepositions are used with only one case

ἀπό = ldquofromrdquo (with the genitive)mdashalso may mean ldquobecause ofrdquo ldquobyrdquo ldquoofrdquo

Ἰησοῦν υἱὸν τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἀπὸ ΝαζαρέτJesus son of Joseph from Nazareth (Jn 145)

ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμουfrom the law (Mat 518)

ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν (ἀφ᾽ is a form of ἀπό when it is followed by a word with a rough breathing mark the vowel drops and the consonant shifts upward before a rough breathing mark)

from you (Jn 1622)

εἰς = ldquointordquo ldquotordquo ldquoinrdquo (with the accusative)mdashalso may mean ldquoamongrdquo ldquoforrdquo

εἰς τὴν ζωὴνto life (Mat 714)mdashnotice the article is not translated

εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Πέτρουinto Peterrsquos house (Mat 814)mdashnotice the article is not translated

εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶνinto the kingdom of heaven (Mat 1923)mdashfirst article is translated the second is not

ἐκ = ldquofromrdquo ldquoout ofrdquo (with the genitive)mdashalso may mean ldquoofrdquo ldquobecause ofrdquo

46

ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίωνfrom the Pharisees (Jn 124)

ἐκ τῆς βασιλείαςout of the kingdom (Mat 1341)

ἐξ οὐρανοῦ (ἐξ is a form of ἐκ when it is followed by a word that begins with a vowel)

from heaven (Mat 282)

ἐν = ldquoinrdquo ldquoonrdquo ldquoatrdquo (with the dative)mdashalso may mean ldquoamongrdquo ldquowhenrdquo ldquobyrdquo ldquowithrdquo

ἐν ταῖς καρδίαιςin the hearts (Mat 94)

ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳin the man (Jn 225)

ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεωςon the day of judgment (Mat 1015)

πρός = ldquotordquo ldquotowardrdquo (with the accusative)mdashalso may mean ldquowithrdquo [see page 44]

ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγει πρὸς Φίλιππον(because a great crowd) came to him he said to Philip (Jn 65)

πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάςto the disciples (Mat 2640)

πρὸς τὸν ὄχλονto the crowd (Mat 1714)

σύν = ldquowithrdquo (with the dative)

σὺν τοῖς μαθηταῖςwith the disciples (Mk 834)

σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳwith the angel (Lk 213)

σὺν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροιςwith the elders (Lk 201)

Prepositions Used with Two Cases

47

The following prepositions are used with two cases

διά (with the genitive) = ldquothroughrdquo ldquobyrdquo ldquoduringrdquo

διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτουthrough Jeremiah the prophet (Mat 217)

διὰ τῶν προφητῶν τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ ἀνθρώπουby the prophets about the Son of Man (Lk 1831)

διά (with the accusative) = ldquobecause ofrdquo

διὰ τὸν λόγονbecause of the word (Mat 1321)

κατά (with the genitive) = ldquodownrdquo ldquoagainstrdquo

κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπουagainst the Son of Man (Mat 1232)

κατὰ τοῦ λαοῦagainst the people (Acts 2128)

κατά (with the accusative) = ldquoaccording tordquo ldquoduringrdquo

καθ᾽ ἡμέραν (form of κατά before a rough breathing markmdashdrops the voweland the consonant is shifted upwards before a rough breathing mark)

during a day (Mat 2655)

μετά (with the genitive) = ldquowithrdquo

μετὰ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῆςwith her sons (Mat 2020)

μετὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίουwith Jesus of Nazareth (Mat 2671)

μετά (with the accusative) = ldquoafterrdquo

μεθ᾽ ἡμέρας ἕξafter six days (Mat 171)

περί (with the genitive) = ldquoforrdquo ldquoconcerningrdquo

περὶ τῶν δύο ἀδελφῶνconcerning the two brothers (Mat 2024)

48

περὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦconcerning the temple (Lk 215)

περί (with the accusative) = ldquoaroundrdquo ldquoaboutrdquo

περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειανabout the truth (2 Tim 218)

Prepositions Used with Three Cases

A few prepositions are used with three cases

ἐπί (with the genitive) = ldquoonrdquo ldquooverrdquo

ἐπὶ γῆςon earth (Mat 610)

ἐπί (with the dative) = ldquoonrdquo ldquoatrdquo ldquoon the basis ofrdquo ldquoagainstrdquo

πατὴρ ἐπὶ υἱῷ καὶ υἱὸς ἐπὶ πατρίfather against son and son against father (Lk 1253)

ἐπί (with the accusative) = ldquoonrdquo ldquotordquo ldquotowardrdquo ldquoagainstrdquo (motion implied)

ἐπὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦto his disciples (Mat 1249)

παρά = (see chapter 8 vocabulary or Greek-English glossary at back of this book)

πρός = (see Greek-English glossary the genitives and datives are rare)

A Case Perspective on the prepositions

Genitive Dative Accusativeἀπό from ἐν in εἰς intoἐκ out of from σύν with πρός to toward withδιά through by ἐπί on at against διά because ofκατά down against κατά according to duringμετά with μετά afterπερί for concerning περί around aboutἐπί on over ἐπί on to toward

Elision

49

Prepositions ending in a vowel often drop the final vowel when it comes before a word that begins with a vowel

δι᾽ ἐμοῦ = through me (Jn 146)(διά + ἐμοῦ)

If there is a rough breathing mark on the next word the final consonant may be shifted

μεθ᾽ ἡμέρας after days (Mat 171)(μετά + ἡμέρας)

Proclitics

A proclitic is a word that has no accent because it is joined so closely with the accented word that follows it

ἐν εἰς and ἐκ are proclitics

They come before (pro) the word with the accent

Enclitics are accentless words that follow the word with the accent Personal pronouns are frequently enclitics

Compounds

Prepositions are often found compounded with a verb in Greek Sometimes the meaning of the compound may be determined by combining the meaning of the preposition with the meaning of the verb Other times however the preposition affects the meaning of the verb in other ways most frequently intensifying it

διά + βλέπω through + I seeδιαβλέπω I see clearly

50

ἀπό fromἐπί on upon

διά through

πρός to

ἐκ out ofεἰς into ἐν in

μετά withσύν with

περί around about

κατά against

Chart of Prepositions

κατά down

Prepositions Chant 11 Prepositional Moves

ἐπί (hands patting on head) περί (right hand finger extended circle head) πρός (finger pointing in ldquotordquo heart) εἰς (hands ldquointordquo heartmdashcollapse chest) διά (finger pushing again ldquothroughrdquo the back)ἐν (arms ldquoinrdquo hugging self) ἐκ (hand push ldquooutrdquo from heart finger pointing out close) ἀπό (fingers pointing ldquooutrdquo both front arms extended out) κατά (hands push against each other in front) σύν (right arm around shoulder wave of invisible buddy--with) μετά (two arms extend around shoulders of invisible buddies--with)

51

Vocabulary

It is difficult learning the prepositions as vocabulary items They are short but the cases must be learned with each definition They also have many more meaning possibilities than ldquonormalrdquo words In Greek you need to pay particular attention to the small words Take extra time to master these well Learn each case of the word almost as a separate item for those that come in more than one case

ἀπό from (with gen) (646)διά through (with gen) (667)

on account of (with acc)εἰς into (with acc) (1768)ἐκ out of (with gen) (914)ἐν in (with dat) (2752)ἐπί on over (with gen) (890)

on at on the basis of against (with dat)on to toward against (with acc)

κατά down against (with gen) (473)according to (with acc)

μετά with (with gen) (469)after behind (with acc)

περί about concerning (with gen) (333)around near (with acc)

πρός to (with acc) (700)

Memory Verse John 11Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγοςIn beginning was the Word

καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόνand the Word was with God

52

CHAPTER 7Adjectives


1 understand English adjectives and their various uses2 learn and translate various Greek adjectives3 identify attributive predicate and substantive uses of Greek adjectives4 properly identify the grammatical agreement between an adjective and its

accompanying substantive5 identify the various forms of the verb εἰμί in the present active indicative6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and7 finish memorizing Jn 11 in Greek

Definition

An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun The adjective often specifies more clearly what the noun or pronoun actually means It often answers the question ldquoWhat kind of ______ is itrdquo

The soft snow hit the windshield

Answers What kind of snow Soft

The snow was soft

Three Uses of Adjectives

Adjectives are used in three ways

1 An attributive adjective attributes a characteristic to the noun it modifies The good book

2 A predicate adjective assigns a characteristic to the subject of the sentence The book is good

3 As a substantive an adjective acts independently as a noun itself The good die young

Examples

1 Attributive use

53

The red car hit the big truck behind the rear tire

2 Predicate useRoses are red and violets are blue

3 Substantive use

The kind receive their rewards but the unjust are often surprised (ie the kind person the unjust person)

Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns They will match the nouns they modify in number gender and case

Adjectives frequently use a 2-1-2 paradigm scheme

masculine = Second declension formsfeminine = First declension formsneuter = Second declension forms

Because you already know the first and second declensions it is easy to recognize the gender number and case of the adjectives

Adjective Paradigm

ἀγαθός (good)

Declension 2 1 2Singular Masc Fem NeutNom ἀγαθός ἀγαθή ἀγαθόνGen ἀγαθοῦ ἀγαθῆς ἀγαθοῦDat ἀγαθῷ ἀγαθῇ ἀγαθῷAcc ἀγαθόν ἀγαθήν ἀγαθόνPluralNom ἀγαθοί ἀγαθαί ἀγαθάGen ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶνDat ἀγαθοῖς ἀγαθαῖς ἀγαθοῖςAcc ἀγαθούς ἀγαθάς ἀγαθά

Adjective Paradigm for words ending in ε ι or ρ

δίκαιος (righteous)

Declension 2 1 2Singular Masc Fem NeutNom δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιονGen δικαίου δικαίας δικαίου

54

Dat δικαίῳ δικαίᾳ δικαίῳAcc δίκαιον δικαίαν δίκαιονVoc δίκαιε δικαία δίκαιονPluralNom Voc δίκαιοι δίκαιαι δίκαιαGen δικαίων δικαίων δικαίωνDat δικαίοις δικαίαις δικαίοιςAcc δικαίους δικαίας δίκαια

Attributive position = Adjective has article

ὁ ἀγαθὸς λόγος the good wordὁ λόγος ὁ ἀγαθόςthe good word

ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλόςI am the good shepherd (Jn 1011)

ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳin the last day (Jn 639)

Predicate position = Adjective has no article

ἀγαθὸς ὁ λόγος The word is goodὁ λόγος ἀγαθός The word is good

καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιοςAnd this man was righteous (Lk 225)

φαίνεσθε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δίκαιοιyou appear to men to be righteous (Mat 2328)

Substantive use = Adjective is used as a nounmdashhas no noun

The substantive use often has the article but no accompanying noun

οἱ δὲ δίκαιοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιονbut the righteous unto eternal life (Mat 2546)

Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεταιBut the righteous will live by faith (Rom 117)

Predicate or Attributive

Sometimes neither the adjective nor the noun has the article In this case the context must determine whether to translate it attributively or predicatively

55

καὶ ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιοςand a good and righteous man (Lk 2350)

Introduction to εἰμί

εἰμί is a stative verb (it indicates a state of being) and so has no voice (active middle or passive)

In English ldquoisrdquo takes a predicate nominative rather than the normal accusative It is correct to say ldquoThis is herdquo and incorrect to say ldquoThis is himrdquo Similarly in Greek a noun or pronoun in the nominative goes with the verb one as the subject the other nominative is the predicate nominative Learn to chant through this paradigm

Present Indicative of εἰμί

Singular Pluralεἰμί I am ἐσμέν we areεἶ you are ἐστέ you areἐστί(ν) hesheit is εἰσί(ν) they are

Note The third singular and plural may take a moveable ν

Examples

ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἀληθής ἐστινthat God is true (Jn 333)

Ἠλίας εἶ καὶ λέγει Οὐκ εἰμί Ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύldquoAre you Elijahrdquo And he said ldquoI am notrdquo ldquoAre you the prophetrdquo (Jn 121)

Predicate Adjective with a verb attributes some quality to the subject of the sentence

It is used with verbs εἰμί and γίνομαι (I become)

ὁ θεὸς ἀληθὴς ἐστιν God is true (true=Pred Nom Adj) (John 333)

Chant 4 Present Indicative (PAI) εἰμί Verb

(chant left column then right column)

εἰμί ἐσμέν

56

εἶ ἐστέ ἐστί(ν) εἰσί(ν)

οὐ οὐκ and οὐχ (no not)

Οὐ is placed before the word it negates which is usually the verb There are three main forms of this word depending on the initial letter of the word that follows it

1 οὐ before a consonant2 οὐκ before a vowel with a smooth breathing mark3 οὐχ before a vowel with a rough breathing mark

In addition οὐχί is a strengthened form of οὐ (see lexicon)

Examples οὐmdashno not (before a consonant)

1 καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκειςAnd you do not understand these things (Jn 310)

2 καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετέ μεAnd you do not accept me (Jn 543)

Examples οὐκmdashno not (before a word that begins with a vowel with a smooth breathing mark)

1 καὶ τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖνAnd you do not have his word in you (Jn 538)

2 καὶ λέγει Οὐκ εἰμί -- notice Οὐκ is capitalized indicating it is a quotationAnd he said ldquoI am notrdquo (Jn 121)

Examples οὐχmdashno not (before a word that begins with a vowel with a rough breathing mark)

1 οὐχ ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι Do you not say that (Jn 435)

2 καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ σάββατονand not man for the Sabbath (Mk 227)

Vocabulary

ἀγαθός -ή -όν good (102)ἅγιος -α -ον holy (233)δίκαιος -α -ον righteous (79)

57

εἰμί I am (2460) Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jewish a Jew (195)μέγας μεγάλη μέγα great large (243)νεκρός -ά -όν dead (128)οὐ οὐκ οὐχ no not (1606)πρῶτος -η -ον first (155)φωνή -ῆς ἡ voice (139)

Memory Verse John 11

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγοςIn beginning Was the Wordκαὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόνand the Word was with the Godκαὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγοςand God was the Word

Note In the last clause the definite article marks ὁ λόγος as the subject θεός is a predicate Thus the translation ldquothe Word was Godrdquo

58

CHAPTER 8Personal Pronouns


1 understand English pronouns and their various uses2 learn and translate the various Greek pronouns3 recognize proclitics and enclitics and how they effect accent changes4 describe how the pronoun works with its antecedent5 describe how a pronoun is used for emphasis possession and in attributive and

predicate positions and6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Definition

A pronoun is a word that stands in place of a noun or other syntactic units usually for brevity or to avoid repetition The person or object to which the pronoun refers is called its ldquoantecedentrdquo

Zach threw the ball to ElliottIt (the ball antecedent) hit him (Elliott antecedent) in the head

Types of Pronouns

There are various types of Pronouns

1 Personal pronouns stand in for a person Bill ran a mile He did it

2 Demonstrative pronouns point to a person or object that is near (thisthese) or far (thatthose) This book belongs to that student

3 Relative pronouns relate a subordinate clause to a noun It is a great person who attempts to master Greek

4 Reciprocal pronouns state an interchange between two thingspersons They loved one another

5 Reflexive pronouns direct the action of the verb back to the subject She hid herself behind the door

6 Interrogative pronouns ask a question Who broke the chair

59

The personal pronouns are used over ten thousand times in the New Testament

The demonstrative pronouns are used about sixteen hundred times the relative pronouns about fifteen hundred times and the interrogatives just over six hundred times and the others less than that (Wallace 142) So the personal pronouns are used more frequently than all the other types of pronouns put together

Case

In English pronouns have three cases

1 Subjective used when a pronoun is the subject of a sentence He turned left

2 Possessive used to indicate ownership He gave his best

3 Objective used when a pronoun is the object of a sentence He left him

Number

In English there are singular and plural pronouns Pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and person

Singular Plural Singular PluralSubjective I we he theyPossessive my our his theirsObjective me us him themSubjective youthou youye she theyPossessive your your hers theirsObjective you you her them

Introduction

In Greek personal pronouns will match their antecedent in person gender and number The case will be determined by the role the pronoun plays in the sentence

Personal pronouns will be either first person (I we) second person (youye) or third person (hesheitthey) Because the verb forms indicate the subject of the sentence the nominative personal pronoun is sometimes redundant and used for emphasis contrast or when switching characters in a narrative

Greek uses the genitive where we would normally use a possessive pronoun (eg his hers) Learn to chant the first and second person paradigms

First Person Pronoun Paradigm Singular Plural

60

Nom ἐγώ I ἡμεῖς weGen μου of memy ἡμῶν of usourDat μοι to mefor me ἡμῖν to usfor usAcc με me ἡμᾶς us

Watch for ἐγώ combining with καί forming κἀγώ (and I)

Emphatic first person forms are made by prefixing an epsilon and adding an accent to the genitive dative and accusative singular forms (ἐμοῦ ἐμοί ἐμέ)

Second Person Pronoun Paradigm Singular Plural

Nom σύ you ὑμεῖς youGen σου of youyour ὑμῶν yourDat σοι tofor you ὑμῖν tofor youAcc σε you ὑμᾶς you

The form is made emphatic by adding an accent to the singulars (σοῦ σοί σέ)

Examples

Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμουI am the light of the world (Jn 812)

Σὺ εἶ Σίμων ὁ υἱὸς ἸωάννουYou are Simon son of John (Jn 142)

ἀλλ᾽ ἐγὼ τὴν ἀλήθειαν λέγω ὑμῖνBut I speak the truth to you (Jn 167)

Pronoun Enclitics

An enclitic is a word that is phonetically attached so closely with the preceding word that it has no accent of its own

Many personal pronouns are enclitics (eg μου μοι με σου σοι σε)

An enclitic is sometimes accentedmdash

1 for emphasis or2 when it is the first word in a sentence

Declension FormatPerson + Case + Number

ἐγώ First nominative singular (I)σοί Second dative singular (to you)

61

ὑμῶν Second genitive plural (your)

Third Person Pronoun Introduction

The third person pronoun αὐτός differs from the first and second person pronouns in that it is marked for gender Originally it was an intensive pronoun but eventually took over the role of the third person personal pronoun With first and second person pronouns there is no need to specify gender because it is understood as the one speaking or one being spoken to The endings largely follow a 2-1-2 pattern (second declension first declension second declension) If you know those patterns well you will be able to recognize how the various forms of αὐτός are built

αὐτός also has some other special features that we will examine shortly

Third Person Pronoun Paradigm Three Genders

MasculineSingular Plural

Nom αὐτός he αὐτοί theyGen αὐτοῦ his αὐτῶν theirDat αὐτῷ tofor him αὐτοῖς tofor themAcc αὐτόν him αὐτούς them

FeminineSingular Plural

Nom αὐτή she αὐταί theyGen αὐτῆς hers αὐτῶν theirDat αὐτῇ tofor her αὐταῖς tofor themAcc αὐτήν her αὐτάς them

NeuterSingular Plural

Nom αὐτό it αὐτά theyGen αὐτοῦ its αὐτῶν theirDat αὐτῷ tofor it αὐτοῖς tofor themAcc αὐτό it αὐτά them

Three Uses

αὐτός can be used in three ways

1 As a pronoun αὐτός matches its antecedent in number and gender and is translated as ldquoherdquo ldquosherdquo ldquoitrdquo or ldquotheyrdquo It can function any way a noun can

62

λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ ἸησοῦςJesus said to him (Jn 146)

πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦat his feet (Acts 510)

ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόνin three days I will raise it (Jn 219)

(ldquoitrdquo αὐτός although αὐτός is masculine in Greek ldquotemplerdquo is neuter in Englishmdashldquoitrdquo)

2 As a reflexive intensifier when αὐτός is used as an adjective in the predicate position (usually in the nominative case) and translated reflexively (eg He himself will get the car)

αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖThe Spirit itself [himself] beareth witness (Rom 816)

Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐβάπτιζενJesus himself did not baptize (Jn 42)

3 As an adjective meaning ldquosamerdquo when αὐτός is used in the attributive position

ἡ αὐτὴ σὰρξthe same flesh (1 Cor 1539)

ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳin that same day (Lk 2312)

Personal Pronoun Chant (cow call)mdash

recite down each column then αὐτός

1st Person Sg 2nd Person Sg 1st Person Plἐγώ σύ ἡμεῖςμου σου ἡμῶνμοι σοι ἡμῖνμε σε ἡμᾶς

αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό

The second person plural is formed easily by just switching the ἡ to an ὑ [ ὑμεῖς]

Vocabulary

63

αὐτός -ή -ό hesheit (5595)γῆ -ῆς ἡ earth land region (250)ἐγώ ἡμεῖς I we (2666)ἡμέρα -ας ἡ day (389)ὅτι that because (1296)οὖν so then therefore (499)ὄχλος -ου ὁ crowd (175)παρά from (with gen) (194)

beside with (with dat)alongside beside (with acc)

σύ ὑμεῖς you you (pl) (2905)ὑπό by at the hands of (with gen)

under below (with acc) (220)

64

CHAPTER 9Present MiddlePassive Verbs


1 write the present middle and passive verb forms2 parse and translate middle and passive verbs3 recognize and translate deponent verbs4 recognize when the middle or passive verb is followed by a preposition or case that

helps to complete the verbrsquos meaning and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Definitions

There are two voices in English The active voice is where the subject of the sentence does the action

Zach hit the ball

The passive voice is where the subject is acted on by the verb

Zach is hit by the ball

Greek adds a third voice the middle voice which we will look at shortly

Identifying Traits

A passive verb often can be identified by placing a ldquoby whatrdquo after the verb


Zach is hit by what The ball

Zach is the subject being acted on The ball is the agent doing the action

Translation

The present tense may describe progressiveimmediacy action (single point in time He hit the ball) or continuous action (He is hitting the ball) When the passive is used a helping verb expresses the verb in English

65

He is hit by the ball (present progressive punctiliar) He is being hit by the ball (present progressive continuous)

Aktionsart

How the action happens (punctiliar continuativedurative omnitemporal timelessmdashusually discovered from the lexical meaning of the verb or the context)

Punctiliar (single point in time) Zach is hit by the ball Continuous Zach is being hit by the ball Omnitemporal The quarterback is protected by the tackles

Aspect

How the author seeks to portray the action The present tense form is used when the action is foregrounded in process sense of immediacy

The present middle and passive have exactly the same form in Greek Historically the middle was first but in the koine period the passive is used more frequently with modern Greek having only a passive with no middle The context must be examined to determine which is being used There are approximately three times as many passive verbs as there are middle verbs in the New Testament When translating passives a helping verb is used Context will determine which is the best option In Greek as in most languages ldquoContext determines meaningrdquo is an important concept to grasp As in the present active the present middlepassive can be translated present past future omnitemporal or timeless depending on the contextual pointers like adverbs prepositional phrases conjunctions and narrative sequencing Immediacy process description and foregrounding is the major thrust of the present aspect

Middle Voice

The middle has several functions

1 It emphasizes the participationinvolvement or interest of the subject in the action of the verb which often is translated actively (Tanya herself ran the mile) It often intensifies in some manner or degree the relationship between the subject and the action of the verb

2 It expresses self-interest or benefit (eg She hid the fork for herself)

3 Rarely it is used reflexively (Tanya hit herself with the golf club) or reciprocally

66

(They love one another)

4 Stylistically one writer may favor the middle (cf Mark) over the active (Matthew)

Many arrive at the active translation by calling many of these ldquodeponentsrdquo Mounce (224) says that 75 percent of the middles are deponent (no active form present middle in form active in meaning) and should be translated as active Tanya splashed Rebekah We will understand many of them as true middles (stressing the subjectrsquos involvement interest intensification or reflexivity) realizing many may be deponent

Thus the middle may impact the subjectrsquos relationship to the verb in many ways (involvement interest intensification reflexivity stylistic et al) The translator must be sensitive to the context the writerrsquos style and the particular verbrsquos usage to determine how it should be translated Remember also that historically the passive is taking over more and more ground from the middle in the koine period For now translate most of them active but be aware of the various functional options may come into play

You should be able to chant through this middlepassive paradigm Note that this is the second set of primary endings These endings will reappear when you learn the future tense Thus learn the endings well because this hits two birds with one stone

Present Middle Indicative Paradigm λύω Singular Plural

1 λύομαι I am loosing(for myself)

λυόμεθα We are loosing(for ourselves)

2 λύῃ You are loosing(for yourself)

λύεσθε You are loosing(for yourselves)

3 λύεται Hesheit is loosing(for himselfherselfitself)

λύονται They are loosing(for themselves)

Present Passive Indicative ParadigmSingular Plural

1 λύομαι I am being loosed λυόμεθα We are being loosed2 λύῃ You are being loosed λύεσθε You are being loosed 3 λύεται Hesheit is being loosed λύονται They are being loosed

Present MiddlePassive Indicative Primary Endings

Singular Plural1 -ομαι - όμεθα2 -ῃ (-σαι) - εσθε3 -εται - ονται

Chant the following Present MiddlePassive

67

λύομαι -ῃ -εται -όμεθα -εσθε -ονται

ldquoDeponentrdquo Verbs

Summers (Essentials 51) notes that the word ldquodeponentrdquo comes from the Latin root ldquodeponererdquo meaning to ldquolay asiderdquo It is used for these verbs because they have ldquolaid asiderdquo (dropped) their active verb forms

Those that see most middles as deponent take ldquodeponentrdquo verbs as middle in form but active in meaning They have no active form and are easy to tell in vocabulary lists or a lexicon because they have the middle ending -ομαι (eg ἔρχομαι) rather than the normal -ω (eg βάλλω) ending Thus ἀποκρινόμεθα means ldquowe answerrdquo instead of ldquowe are being answeredrdquo

Mounce notes that in the New Testament about 75 percent of the middle forms are ldquodeponentrdquo (Basics149) Because of the deponent phenomenon middle forms may frequently be translated as actives (three to one) or better yet translated active as true middles emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb

Frequently Used ldquoDeponentrdquo Verbs

ἀποκρίνομαι I answer (231)εἰσέρχομαι I come in (194)ἔρχομαι I come go (634)ἐξέρχομαι I go out (218)γίνομαι I become (669)πορεύομαι I go (132)

Accompanying Cases

Often with passives there is a need to express the agent instrument or means by which the subject is acted on

This is accomplished bymdash

1 using ὑπό or διά with the genitive to express agency (eg Elliott was hit by Zach) or

2 using the dative case to indicate means or instrument The translation will use ldquowithrdquo or ldquobyrdquo (eg Elliott was hit by the ball)

3 Impersonal agency is expressed by ἐν + dative (Porter Idioms 64 Stevens 112)

Compound Verbs

68

As with other verbs prepositions are often prefixed to ldquodeponentrdquo verbs to form a compound This is a handy way to build vocabulary since you know the basic verb and the prepositions and thus you have a good clue for guessing the combined meaning although often this combination may reflect an intensification of the original verbal idea This leverages the vocabulary you already know

ἔρχομαι I go comeεἰσέρχομαι I go in enter (εἰς prefix)ἐξέρχομαι I go out leave (ἐκ prefix)διέρχομαι I go through (διά prefix)

Translation Examples

ὅτι ἐγὼ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα πορεύομαιbecause I am going to the father (Jn 1412 deponent)

ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεταιthe Son of Man comes (Mat 2444 deponent)

λέγω ὑμῖν γίνεται χαρὰI tell you there is joy (Lk 1510 deponent)

καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεταιand into a fire she is cast (Mat 310 true passive)

εὑρισκόμεθα δὲ καὶ ψευδομάρτυρες τοῦ θεοῦbut we also are found [to be] false witnesses of God (1 Cor 1515 true passive)

Vocabulary

ἀποκρίνομαι I answer (231)ἀποστέλλω I send (132)βάλλω I throw (122)γίνομαι I become (669)εἰσέρχομαι I come in (194)ἐξέρχομαι I go out (218)ἔρχομαι I come go (634)θέλω I wish (208)οὕτως thus so (208)πορεύομαι I go (153)

69

CHAPTER 10Future Verbs


1 write the future active and middle verb forms2 parse and translate future active and middle verbs3 recognize and anticipate how the future endings will affect the stem4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

In English we have several tenses

In the present tense we say ldquoWe go to collegerdquo For the past we say ldquoWe went to collegerdquo For the future we say ldquoWe will go to collegerdquo

In the present tense in Greek we have seen that aspect not primarily time is the focus The future tense form in Greek specifies that the action of the verb takes place with a prospective viewpoint of expectation (Porter Idioms 43) Thus tense is probably not the best way to define this form However for our workbook sentences out of context we will generally use the English future to specify the expectation of this form When reading in context remember the diverse options for this prospective looking expectational form Here are three ways it is used

1 expectationprospective (eg ldquoWe will gordquo)2 imperativecommand (eg ldquoYou shall gordquo) or3 deliberative with rhetorical questions

(eg ldquoTo whom shall we gordquo)

The future tense form is built by adding a σ between the stem and the pronominal ending Note that the future uses the primary endings you already have learned

Stem Future Connective Ending I will looseλυ + σ + ω = λύσω

Learn to chant through the following two paradigms

Future Active Indicative Paradigm λύωSingular Plural

70

1 λύσω I will loose λύσομεν We will loose2 λύσεις You will loose λύσετε You will loose3 λύσει Hesheit will loose λύσουσι(ν) They will loose

Future Middle Indicative ParadigmSingular Plural

1 λύσομαι I will loose(for myself)

λυσόμεθα We will loose(for ourselves)

2 λύσῃ You will loose(for yourself)

λύσεσθε You will loose(for yourselves)

3 λύσεται Hesheit will loose(for himselfherselfitself)

λύσονται They will loose(for themselves)

Note that the future active uses the primary endings that you already learned for the present active indicative The middle uses the primary middlepassive endings you just learned for the present tense also Yes the future is easy but watch out for the irregular forms Its form and history connect with the subjunctive mood which we will look at later which also has an expectational aspect

Five Stem Variations

The adding of the sigma may change the final consonant of the verb stem in the following five ways

1 If after a palatal (κ γ or χ)[κ γ or χ] + σ ==gt ξἔχω ==gt ἕξω I will have (note breathing change) ἄγω ==gt ἄξω I will lead bring

2 If after a labial (π β or φ)[π β or φ] + σ ==gt ψβλέπω ==gt βλέψω I will seeγράφω ==gt γράψω I will write

3 If after a dental (τ δ or θ)[τ δ or θ] + σ ==gt σπείθω ==gt πείσω I will persuade

4 If after a liquid (λ μ ν or ρ) (I call these ldquolemonersrdquomdashlmnr + s) the sigma is dropped and the ω is accented with a circumflex When a present stem ends in a double liquid consonant one of them is sometimes dropped The key is the circumflex over the primary ending instead of the normal acute accent With the dropping of the sigma there is a strengthening of the ο and ε connecting vowels so that the ο becomes οῦ and the ε becomes an εῖ

μένω ==gt μενῶ I will remain

71

ἀποστέλλω ==gt ἀποστελῶ I will sendἀποστέλλ + σ + ομεθα ==gt ἀποστελούμεθα We will sendμέν + σ + ετε ==gt μενεῖτε You-all will remain

5 If the stem ends in a sibilant (σ ζ) the sibilant is dropped and the sigma of the ending is kept

σῴζω + σ ==gt σώσω I will save

Future Connective σ Addition

Velars Dentalsκ γ or χ + σ = ξ τ δ or θ + σ = σLabials Liquid (Lemoners)π β or φ + σ = ψ λ μ ν or ρ + σ = ῶ -οῦμεν -εῖτε etcSibilantsσ or ζ + σ = σ

Future of the Verb of Being εἰμί (I am)

Singular Plural1 ἔσομαι I will be ἐσόμεθα We will be2 ἔσῃ You will be ἔσεσθε You will be3 ἔσται Hesheit will be ἔσονται They will be

Be able to recognize the εἰμί futures when you see them

Deponent Futures

Some verbs in the present tense have an active voice but in the future tense there is no active form (ldquodeponentrdquo or true middles)

Present Futureλαμβάνω λήμψομαι I will take receiveγινώσκω γνώσομαι I will know

Irregular Futures

Occasionally the future stem is totally different from the original present stem Thus as you learn more verbs you should learn both stem forms You just have to learn these tricky irregular verbs and keep your eyes open for them The good part is that there are not too many of them

Present Futureἔρχομαι ἐλεύσομαι I will come goγινώσκω γνώσομαι I will know

72

λέγω ἐρῶ I will say

Chant the Future Active and Middle Indicative

λύσω λύσομεν

λύσεις λύσετε

λύσει λύσουσι(ν)

λύσομαι -ῃ -εται -ομεθα -εσθε -ονται


ὅτε οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆςwhen the dead will hear the voice (Jn 525)

ἀλλ᾽ ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆςBut he will have the light of life (Jn 812)

ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ γνώσεσθε ὑμεῖςin that day you will know (Jn 1420)

Vocabulary

ζωή -ῆς ἡ life (135)θάνατος -ου ὁ death (120)κρίνω I judge (114)μένω I remain (118)μόνος -η -ον only alone (114)νῦν now (147)οὐδέ and not nor (143)Παῦλος -ου ὁ Paul (158)σῴζω I save (106)τότε then (160)

73

CHAPTER 11Demonstrative Relative Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns


1 recognize the various forms of the demonstrative pronounsἐκεῖνος (that) and οὗτος (this)

2 translate demonstrative pronouns and identify how they function within the syntax of the sentence

3 recognize the various forms of the relative pronoun4 translate relative pronouns and identify how they function within the syntax of the

sentence5 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

We will explore four types of pronouns in this chapter Pronouns are words used in place of one or more nouns We have already looked at personal pronouns (he she it I you they)

In this chapter we will examine four new types of pronouns demonstrative relative reflexive and reciprocal

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstratives are pointers They point to things near (ldquothistheserdquo) or things far (ldquothatthoserdquo) ldquoTheserdquo and ldquothoserdquo are the plural forms

Demonstratives may function like adjectives when they modify a word or like pronouns when they stand alone

Adjective He bought this computer Pronoun This is the computer

Greek has two demonstratives

ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο thatthose (masc fem neut)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο thisthese (masc fem neut)

74

These can function either like a pronoun (when they stand alone) or like an adjective (thus agreeing with their antecedent in gender number and case)

When a demonstrative pronoun is adjectival the noun often has the article and the demonstrative does not It is then translated as an attributive adjective (eg ldquothis bookrdquo)

Note that this is the opposite of other adjectives which without the article are translated as predicate adjectives (eg ldquoThe book is redrdquo)

The demonstratives are declined using the normal 2-1-2 declension schemes that you already know Learn to recognize these forms as they apply now to the demonstrative pronouns (thisthat)

ἐκεῖνος (thatthose) Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut

Nom ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο ἐκεῖνοι ἐκεῖναι ἐκεῖναGen ἐκείνου ἐκείνης ἐκείνου ἐκείνων ἐκείνων ἐκείνωνDat ἐκείνῳ ἐκείνῃ ἐκείνῳ ἐκείνοις ἐκείναις ἐκείνοιςAcc ἐκεῖνον ἐκείνην ἐκεῖνο ἐκείνους ἐκείνας ἐκεῖνα

οὗτος (thisthese) Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut

Nom οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο οὗτοι αὗται ταῦταGen τούτου ταύτης τούτου τούτων τούτων τούτωνDat τούτῳ ταύτῃ τούτῳ τούτοις ταύταις τούτοιςAcc τοῦτον ταύτην τοῦτο τούτους ταύτας ταῦτα

Note When there is an α or η in the ending the stem will have an αυ otherwise it is ου Note also the addition of the τ in οὗτος in the same pattern as the article (missing the τ in the nom mascfem singular and plural but present elsewhere) Interestingly the article may be used as a demonstrative or relative and even a personal pronoun in certain contexts

Examples

ἔσονται γὰρ αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναιfor those days will be (Mk 1319)

ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτουI am not of this world (Jn 823)

ἐν τούτῳ γνώσονται πάντες ὅτι ἐμοὶ μαθηταί ἐστεby this everyone will know that you are my disciples (Jn 1335)

75

μακάριοί εἰσιν ἐκεῖνοιblessed are those (Lk 1238)

Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns are such words as who whom which that and whose A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause qualifying an expressed or implied antecedent Relative pronouns are often embedded in clauses that modify a noun Who is regularly used for humans and which for nonhumans Whose is used for both The relative pronoun often introduces a group of words which are known as a relative clause

The student who loves Greek will succeed (ldquowho loves Greekrdquo = a relative clause)

The keys which were lost in the river are gone forever

(which were lost in the riverrdquo = a relative clause)

ὅς (whowhich)

Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut

Nom ὅς ἥ ὅ οἵ αἵ ἅGen οὗ ἧς οὗ ὧν ὧν ὧνDat ᾧ ᾗ ᾧ οἷς αἷς οἷςAcc ὅν ἥν ὅ οὕς ἅς ἅ

Note how similar these are to the noun endings and to the definite article How are the nominative forms different from the definite article

Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used to indicate that the antecedent is acting on itself This is similar to one of the rare functions of the middle voice in Greek

Terry threw himself into the water from the bridge

Because αὐτός can function in a reflexive sense in the nominative the reflexive pronouns are found only in the genitive dative and accusative cases These are translated ldquomyselfrdquo ldquoyourselfrdquo and so on

First Person (myself) Singular Plural2 1 2 1Masc Fem Masc Fem

76

Gen ἐμαυτοῦ ἐμαυτῆς ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτῶνDat ἐμαυτῷ ἐμαυτῇ ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυταῖςAcc ἐμαυτόν ἐμαυτήν ἑαυτούς ἑαυτάς

Note There are no nominative forms

Second Person (yourself) Singular PluralMasc Fem Masc Fem

Gen σεαυτοῦ σεαυτῆς ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτῶνDat σεαυτῷ σεαυτῇ ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυταῖςAcc σεαυτόν σεαυτήν ἑαυτούς ἑαυτάς


Third Person (himselfherselfitself)


Gen ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτῶν ἑαυτῶνDat ἑαυτῷ ἑαυτῇ ἑαυτῷ ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυταῖς ἑαυτοῖςAcc ἑαυτόν ἑαυτήν ἑαυτό ἑαυτούς ἑαυτάς ἑαυτά


The reciprocal pronoun is used to indicate that several subjects are acting on each other

They love one another

ἀλλήλων (ldquoone anotherrdquo) is the Greek reciprocal pronoun It specifies interaction of members within a group


μακάριος ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος ὅνBlessed is that slave who (Mat 2446)

77

ὁ λόγος ὃν ἀκούετε οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸςthe word that you hear is not mine (Jn 1424)

ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναςupon my servants in those days (Acts 218)

78

CHAPTER 11 Demonstrative Relative Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns

Vocabulary

ἀπέρχομαι I go (away) leave (117)ἐκεῖνος -η -ο that (265) Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jewish a Jew (195)καθώς as just as (182)ὅς ἥ ὅ who which (1365)ὅταν when whenever (123)οὗτος αὗτη τοῦτο this (1388)πάλιν again back (141)Πέτρος -ου ὁ Peter (150)ὑπέρ for about (gen) (150)

above beyond (acc)

79

CHAPTER 12Imperfect Verbs


1 recognize the various forms (augments stems endings) of the imperfect active and middlepassive verbs

2 predict how the augment will change with the various consonants vowels diphthongs and prepositional prefixes

3 translate imperfect verbs4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize the beginning of the Lordrsquos Prayer in Mat 69 in Greek

Introduction

In English we have one simple past tense (Tanya drove the car) This refers to time in the past If we want to refer to a continuous or repetitive act in the past we may add a helping verb to a participle ldquoTanya was driving the carrdquo Other past tenses are also formed with helping verbs

Imperfect tenseaspect

In Greek the aorist tense refers to action of the verb that is completewhole as a background form without regard to the exact time involved The imperfect is used for showing progressive continuity or dwelled upon action in the past Porter says a narrator will use the imperfect ldquowhen an action is selected to be dwelt uponrdquo (aspect how a writer uses it to portray the action Porter Idioms 34) Mathewson uses terms like ldquoprogressiverdquo and ldquocontinuityrdquo to describe its aspectual nuance He goes on to admit that the imperfect often is used for past (timetense) events although not exclusively

Greek Imperfect

The Greek imperfect tense is used of continuous repeated or dwelt on action In English it will usually be translated with the helping verb waswere + the participle form of the verb (eg was singing) If a verb lacks an active form in the present it will also lack an active form in the imperfect which is built off the stem

To get a sense of the freqeuncy usage the present indicative is used 5534 times the aorist about 5877 the imperfect only 1682 times and the future only 1608 times with the perfect following with only 837 and the pluperfect only 83 times (Stevens 44) So the

80

present and especially the aorist are the most frequent and the imperfect and future are used about the same

Form

The imperfect is built from the present verb stem It is prefixed by an ε augment and followed by secondary active personal endings Augment Verb stem Connecting

vowelSecondary active endings

I was loosing

ε + λυ + ο + ν = ἔλυονAug Stem CV Ending

The connecting vowel ismdash

ο before μ and ν and ε elsewhere

Imperfect Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 ἔλυον I was loosing ἐλύομεν We were loosing2 ἔλυες You were loosing ἐλύετε You were loosing3 ἔλυε(ν) Hesheit was loosing ἔλυον They were loosing

Secondary Active EndingsSingular Plural

1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν

Learn the endings ν ς ε μεν τε ν (n s e men te n)

Secondary Tense endings are used by Imperfect Aorist PluperfectPrimary Tense ending are used by Present Future and Perfect

Imperfect MiddlePassive Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural1 ἐλυόμην I was being

loosedἐλυόμεθα We were being

loosed2 ἐλύου You were being

loosedἐλύεσθε You were being

loosed3 ἐλύετο Hesheit was being

loosedἐλύοντο They were being

loosed

Secondary MiddlePassive Endings

81

Singular Plural1 -μην -μεθα2 -ου -σθε3 -το -ντο

Learn μην ου το μεθα εσθε οντο

The above paradigm is translated for the passive voice The middle uses exactly the same forms which would be translated as follows I was loosing (for myself) you were loosing (for yourself) he was loosing (for himself) etc The context will determine whether the form should be translated middle or passive

Augments

The augment (prefix) is added in four ways

1 Before consonants it is ε

2 Before vowels the augment contracts with the vowel according to the following rules

Vowels Diphthongsε + α = η ε + αι = ῃε + ε = η ε + ει = ῃε + η = η ε + οι = ῳε + ι = ι ε + αυ = ηυε + ο = ω ε + ευ = ηυε + υ = υ

Four patterns

1 α and ε lengthen to η2 ο lengthens to ω3 ι ending a diphthong subscripts4 υ ending a diphthong stays strong

3 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant Insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem ἐκβάλλω becomes ἐξέβαλον

4 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel The final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the ε augment inserted in its place ἀποκτείνω becomes ἀπέκτεινα in first aorist form which also uses an augment

Contraction Examples

82

Here are examples of contraction in forming the imperfect active indicative first person singular

ε + α = η ἤκουον ε augment + ἀκούωε + ε = η ἤγειρον ε augment + ἐγείρωε + ο = ω ὠρχούμην ε augment + ὀρχέομαιε + αι = ῃ ᾖρον ε augment + αἴρωε + οι = ῳ ᾠκοδόμουν ε augment + οἰκοδομέω

εἰμί Imperfect IndicativeSingular Plural

1 ἤμην I was ἦμεν We were2 ἦς You were ἦτε You were3 ἦν Hesheit was ἦσαν They were

Be able to chant this frequent form

Chant Imperfect Indicative of εἰμί (by columns)

ἤμην ἦμεν

ἦς ἦτε

ἦν ἦσαν

The imperfect tense of εἰμί appears frequently You should try to master these forms well

ἔχω Imperfect Active Indicative (Irregulars)

Singular Plural1 εἶχον I was having εἴχομεν We were having2 εἶχες You were having εἴχετε You were having3 εἶχε(ν) Hesheit was having εἶχον They were having

Note This is an exception The augment is a contraction of ε + ε = ει Another exceptional augmented form is θέλω which takes a prefixed η becoming ἤθελεν in Mat 1830 Just be aware that there are such exceptions


ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ αὐτῶνHe was teaching them in their synagogue (Mat 1354)

83

ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἔλεγεν περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦBut that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body (Jn 221)

αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳFor he was knowing what was in man (Jn 225)

84

CHAPTER 12 Imperfect Verbs

Vocabulary

ἀποθνῄσκω I die (111)ἐκεῖ there (105)ἕως until (146)ἰδού behold (200)ἵνα in order that (663) Ἰωάννης -ου ὁ John (135)μέν on the one hand indeed (179)ὅλος -η -ον whole entire (109)ὅτε when (103)σύν with (128)

Memory Verse Mat 69 the Lordrsquos Prayer

Check out the MP3 rap on the CD or web site

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖςFather our the one in the heavensἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σουhallowed be the name your

85

CHAPTER 13Third Declension Nouns


1 recognize the third declension nouns2 recognize and understand the changes that take place when the endings are added to

third declension nouns3 reproduce the basic variations of the third declension nouns4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Mat 610a in Greek

Congratulations After mastering this chapter you will know all the basic noun forms in the New Testament

Introduction

Thus far we have learned second declension nouns which have a stem ending in omicron and first declension nouns which have a stem ending in either alpha or eta Third declension nouns have stems that end in a consonant When the endings are added the consonant will go through various predictable transformations

Unlike the first and second declensions which build their forms from the nominative third declension nouns will be built from the genitive Thus in the third declension you must be aware of the genitive form of the noun

To find the stem of third declension nouns take the ος off the genitive form

Key Letter Box

The following consonants in the voiced and unvoiced columns are called ldquostopsrdquo because of the way the air flow stops when pronouncing them The aspirates are fricatives These letters will be transformed when the sigma ending of the third declension is added (Mounce Basics 78)

Unvoiced Voiced AspirateLabial π β φVelar κ γ χDental τ δ θ

86

Sigma Addition

The consonants (labials velars dentals) change in the following ways when the sigma ending is added The two letters contract into one In the case of the dentals the dental is dropped

Labials π β or φ + σ = ψ

Velar κ γ or χ + σ = ξ (σάρκ + ς ndash σάρξ [κ+ς=ξ])

Dentals τ δ or θ + σ = σ (ἐλπίδ + ς ndash ἐλπίς [δ+ς=ς])

Nu drops out when followed by a sigma (Dat Pl)

Introduction

We will learn four paradigms that are typical of third declension nouns The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν (each all) will be examined as a 3-1-3 adjective (third-first-third declension)

Take the ος ending off the genitive form to find the stem In the nominative singular a sigma is added to the stem causing the final consonant of the stem to change Because this declension is so different and occurs so frequently it is good to learn how to chant through the χάρις ὄνομα and πίστις charts

Third Declension Endings MF Singular Plural Neut Singular PluralNom -ς -ες -- -αGen -ος -ων -ος -ωνDat -ι -σι -ι -σιAcc -α -ας -- -α

Kappa Final Stems

σάρξ σαρκός ἡ (flesh) Singular Plural

Nom σάρξ σάρκεςGen σαρκός σαρκῶνDat σαρκί σαρξί(ν)Acc σάρκα σάρκας

TauDelta Final Stems

87

χάρις χάριτος ἡ (grace) Singular Plural

Nom χάρις χάριτεςGen χάριτος χαρίτωνDat χάριτι χάρισι(ν)Acc χάριτα χάριτας

Notice that the accusative singular is χάριτα while the interactive Mastering New Testament Greek program has χάριν Both are valid forms but it is more useful to learn the chart as it is here

Iota Final Stems (consonantal iota)

πίστις πίστεως ἡ (faith)

Singular PluralNom πίστις πίστειςGen πίστεως πίστεωνDat πίστει πίστεσι(ν)Acc πίστιν πίστεις

-ματ Final Stems

ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό (name)

Singular PluralNom ὄνομα ὀνόματαGen ὀνόματος ὀνομάτωνDat ὀνόματι ὀνόμασι(ν)Acc ὄνομα ὀνόματα

Rho Final Stems

πατήρ πατρός ὁ (father)

Singular PluralNom πατήρ πατέρεςGen πατρός πατέρωνDat πατρί πατράσι(ν)Acc πατέρα πατέραςVoc πάτερ πατέρες

Note the dropping or lessening of the medial vowel η

Diphthong -ευ Ending Stems

88

ἱερεύς -εώς ὁ (priest)

Singular PluralNom ἱερεύς ἱερεῖςGen ἱερέως ἱερέωνDat ἱερεῖ ἱερεῦσι(ν)Acc ἱερέα ἱερεῖς

πᾶς (all)

Singular PluralMasculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nom πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν πάντες πᾶσαι πάνταGen παντός πάσης παντός πάντων πασῶν πάντωνDat παντί πάσῃ παντί πᾶσι(ν) πάσαις πᾶσι(ν)Acc πάντα πᾶσαν πᾶν πάντας πάσας πάντα

Chant Third Declension by column

Nom Sg χάρις πίστις ὄνομα Gen χάριτος πίστεως ὀνόματοςDat χάριτι πίστει ὀνόματιAcc χάριτα πίστιν ὄνομα

Nom Pl χάριτες πίστεις ὀνόματαGen χαρίτων πίστεων ὀνομάτωνDat χάρισι(ν) πίστεσι(ν) ὀνόμασι(ν)Acc χάριτας πίστεις ὀνόματα


χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ ΧριστοῦGrace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ (Rom 17)

ὃς ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦwho in the days of his flesh (Heb 57)

ὅτι πᾶν τὸ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκὸςfor all that is in the world the lust of the flesh (1 Jn 216)rsquo

89

CHAPTER 13 Third Declension Nouns

Vocabulary

ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁ man husband (216)βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king (115)δύναμις -εως ἡ power miracle (119)ὄνομα -ματος τό name reputation (231)πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν all each every (1244)πατήρ πατρός ὁ father (413)πίστις πίστεως ἡ faith belief (243)πνεῦμα -ατος τό spirit wind (379)σάρξ σαρκός ἡ flesh body (147)χάρις -ιτος ἡ grace kindness (155)

Memory Verse Mat 610a

ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σουLet come the kingdom your

γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σουlet happen the will your

90

CHAPTER 14Second Aorist Verbs


1 recognize and write the second aorist paradigm2 write out the second aorist stems of the verbs learned in previous lessons3 translate the second aorist form4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Mat 610b in Greek

Introduction

In English we have two ways of forming the past tense

1 Add the ldquo-edrdquo suffix to the word

I laugh at Elliottrsquos jokes (present)I laughed at Elliottrsquos jokes (past)

2 Change the form of the verb

Zach runs down the court (present)Zach ran down the court (past)

Comparison with Greek

Like English Greek forms the aorist in two ways

The first aorist is formed from the present stem with an augment and suffixed σα The second aorist is built from a different aorist stem but both aorists take an augment and add second active personal endings that are identical to the imperfect forms

The aorist is the most frequently used tense in the New Testament Both the first and second aorists are usually translated as a simple past (eg he came or he comes) The two types of aorists function in exactly the same way in sentences The second aorist is presented first because of its similarity to the imperfect

The aorist is used when the action is viewed as a whole and complete (eg he loosed) The aorist is the most frequent tense form and is used as a background tense by writers as opposed to the present tense form which is used to foreground material The

91

imperfect is used for continuousdurativeiterative (aktionsart) or ldquodwelled uponrdquo (aspect) action (eg he was loosing) The actual time or tense of the action is triggered more by temporal pointers like adverbs prepositional phrases and conjunctions than the aorist tense form itself The aorist can be used for actions which are past present omnitemporal or timeless Thus the aorist is extremely flexible For our purposes we will initially just translate it as a simple past (eg he loosed) While the endings parallel those of the imperfect note carefully that the second aorist stem is different There is no way to predict how the second aorist stem is formed thus it must be learned by memory First aorists use the present stem

Form

The second aorist is built from the second aorist verb stem It is preceded by an ε augment and followed by secondary endings like the imperfect

Augment Verb stem Connecting vowel

Secondary endings

I took

ε + λαβ + ο + ν = ἔλαβονAug Stem CV Ending

The connecting vowel is ο before μ and ν and ε elsewhere

Second Aorist Active Indicative of λαμβάνω

Singular Plural1 ἔλαβον I took ἐλάβομεν We took2 ἔλαβες You took ἐλάβετε You took3 ἔλαβε(ν) Hesheit took ἔλαβον They took

Note The ν σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as for the imperfects

Note Sometimes the third person plural ending will be -αν as in εἶπαν (they said) rather than the expected εἶπον (they said)

Second Aorist Middle Indicative of γίνομαι

Singular Plural1 ἐγενόμην I became ἐγενόμεθα We became2 ἐγένου You became ἐγένεσθε You became3 ἐγένετο Hesheit became ἐγένοντο They became

Note The μην ου το μεθα σθε ντο endings are the same as for the imperfects

The aorist and future passives will be formed from a different stem and learned later Note that this aorist paradigm is deponent Middles are ldquoI brought (for myself)rdquo

92

Augments

Aorist Augments = Imperfect Augments

The augment is added in four ways




Four patterns

(1) α and ε lengthen to η(2) ο lengthens to ω(3) ι ending becomes a diphthong subscript(4) υ ending of a diphthong stays strong

3 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem ἐκβάλλω becomes ἐξέβαλον

4 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel The final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the ε augment is inserted in its place ἀποκτείνω becomes ἀπέκτεινα

Aorist augments work the same way as these imperfects you have already learned When you see an augment think secondary tense (aorist or imperfect)

Aorist Stems of Verbs

Here is a list of second aorist forms of verbs already learned Master these forms

Present Second Aoristἀπέρχομαι ἀπῆλθον I departedἀποθνῄσκω ἀπέθανον I diedβάλλω ἔβαλον I threwὁράω εἶδον I saw (cf βλέπω ὄψομαι)γίνομαι ἐγενόμην I became

93

γινώσκω ἔγνων I knewεἰσέρχομαι εἰσῆλθον I enteredἐξέρχομαι ἐξῆλθον I went outἔρχομαι ἦλθον I came wentεὑρίσκω εὗρον I foundἔχω ἔσχον I hadλαμβάνω ἔλαβον I tookλέγω εἶπον I said


καὶ ἔβαλεν εἰς τὴν γῆνAnd he threw [it] to the earth (Rev 85)

ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν καὶ ὁ κόσμος δἰ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετοHe was in the world and the world was made by him (Jn 110)

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς Εἰς κρίμα ἐγὼ εἰς τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον ἦλθονAnd Jesus said ldquoFor judgment I came into this worldrdquo (Jn 939)

Vocabulary

αἷμα -ματος τό blood (97)αἴρω I raise take up (101)διδάσκω I teach (97)ἴδιος -α -ον onersquos own (114)καλός -ή -όν good (100)μέλλω I am about to intend (109)ὁδός -οῦ ἡ way (101)πολύς πολλή πολύ much many (416)σῶμα -ματος τό body(142)ψυχή -ῆς ἡ soul life (103)

Memory Verse Mat 610a-c



94

ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆςas in heaven so also on earth

95

CHAPTER 15First Aorist Verbs


1 recognize and write the first aorist paradigm2 write the first aorist stems of the verbs learned in previous lessons3 translate the first aorist indicative form4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Mat 611 in Greek

Introduction


1 Add the ldquoedrdquo suffix to the word





Like the English Greek forms the Aorist in two ways The first aorist is formed off the present stem with an augment and a suffixed σα The second aorist is built from a different aorist stem that adds endings identical to the imperfect

The aorist is used for when the action is viewed as a whole and complete (eg ldquohe loosedrdquo) The aorist is the most frequent tense form and is used as a background tense by writers as opposed to the present tense form which is used to foreground material The imperfect is used to portray action in progress or ldquodwelled uponrdquo (aspect) and can be used of action that is continuousdurativeiterative (Aktionsart) The actual time or tense of the action is triggered more by temporal pointers like adverbs prepositional phrases and conjunctions than the aorist tense form itself The aorist can be used for actions which are past present omnitemporal or timeless Thus the aorist is extremely flexibleBoth the first and second aorists are usually translated as a simple past (eg ldquohe camerdquo) However they may sometimes be translated by the English perfect (eg ldquohas spokenrdquo or ldquohe speaksrdquo)

96

The imperfect is used to portary action as developing unfolding or ldquodwelled uponrdquo (eg ldquohe was loosingrdquo)

First Aorist Form

The first aorist is built from the first aorist verb stem It is preceded by an ε augment and followed by secondary endings like the imperfect The future was constructed by inserting a σ between the stem and ending So the first aorist is formed by inserting a σα between the stem and secondary pronominal endings

Augment Verb stem Tense formative Secondary endings

You loosed

ε + λυ + σα + ς = ἔλυσαςAug Stem Tense connective Ending

Aorist Active Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural1 ἔλυσα I loosed ἐλύσαμεν We loosed2 ἔλυσας You loosed ἐλύσατε You loosed3 ἔλυσε(ν) Hesheit loosed ἔλυσαν They loosed

Note The - σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as the imperfects except that in the first person singular the ν is dropped

Aorist Middle Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 ἐλυσάμην I loosed(for myself)

ἐλυσάμεθα We loosed(for ourselves)

2 ἐλύσω You loosed(for yourself)

ἐλύσασθε You loosed(for yourselves)

3 ἐλύσατο Hesheit loosed(for himselfherselfitself)

ἐλύσαντο They loosed(for themselves)

Note The μην ω το μεθα σθε ντο endings are the same as the imperfects except in the second person singular where the ου shifts to ω

Augments

By now you know how the augment is added (see chaps 12 and 14) Sorry for the repetition but just to refresh your memory The augment is added in four ways

1 before consonants it is ldquoεrdquo

97

2 before vowels the augment contracts with the vowel according to the following rules


Four patterns


3 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant Insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem ἐνδύω becomes ἐνέδυσα (I clothed)

4 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel The final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the ε augment is inserted in its place ἀπολύω becomes ἀπέλυσα (I released)

Ending TransformationsmdashSigma Addition

The sigma ending is added in basically the same way as the sigma was added for future tense verbs with the similar transformations (see chap 10)

Velars (κ γ or χ) + σ becomes ξ διδάσκω + σα = ἐδίδαξα (I taught)

Labials (π β or φ) + σ becomes ψ βλέπω + σα = ἔβλεψα (I saw)

Dentals (τ δ or θ) + σ drops the dental πείθω + σα = ἔπεισα (I persuaded)

With liquids (λ and ρ) and nasals (μ and ν) ldquolemonersrdquo often the sigma is dropped and the preceding vowel in the stem is changed

μένω + σα = ἔμειναἀποστέλλω + σα = ἀπέστειλα

98

If the stem ends in a sibilant (σ ζ) the sibilant is dropped and the sigma of the ending is kept

σῴζω + σα = ἔσωσα

These transformations are not always predictable Thus it is necessary to be able to recognize the aorist for each verb


Here is a list of first aorist active indicative forms of verbs already learned

Present First Aoristἀκούω ἤκουσα I heardἀποστέλλω ἀπέστειλα I sentβλέπω ἔβλεψα I sawγράφω ἔγραψα I wroteδιδάσκω ἐδίδαξα I taughtπιστεύω ἐπίστευσα I believedθέλω ἠθέλησα I wishedμένω ἔμεινα I remainedκρίνω ἔκρινα I judgedσῴζω ἔσωσα I saved

Chant First Aorist

ἔλυσα (I loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo) -- -ς -ε -μεν -τε -ν

ἐλυσάμην (I loosed myself)-μην -ω -το -μεθα -ασθε -αντο


καὶ ἤκουσαν φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ

99

And they heard a loud voice from heaven (Rev 1112)

ἐγὼ πάντοτε ἐδίδαξα ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷI always taught in synagogue and in the temple (Jn 1820)

Ἔγραψα ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇI wrote to you in the letter (1 Cor 59)

100

CHAPTER 15 First Aorist Verbs

Vocabulary

ἄλλος -η -ο other (155)ἄρτος -ου ὁ bread (97)δεῖ it is necessary (101)ἐξουσία -ας ἡ authority (100)ἕτερος -α -ον different (98)ἔτι yet still (93)ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁ eye (100)τέκνον -ου τό child (99)τόπος -ου ὁ place (94)φῶς φωτός τό light (73)

Review

Mat 69 Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖςἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου

Mat 610 ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σουγενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σουὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς

Memory Verse Mat 611

τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιονthe bread our the daily portionδὸς ἡμῖν σήμερονGive us today

101

CHAPTER 16Aorist and Future Passive Verbs


1 recognize and write the aorist and future passive indicative paradigms2 know the passive stem forms of some of the major verbs learned in previous

lessons3 translate aorist and future passive indicative forms4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Mat 612a in Greek

Introduction

Passive verbs indicate subjects are acted on by the action of the verbs In English we form the past passive indicative by using a helping verb (eg I was struck by the foul ball) Similarly the future passive indicative is formed with the helping ldquowill berdquo (eg I will be flown to Indianapolis) indicating expectation


Rather than using a helping verb Greek uses a different ending to indicate the passive indicative for aorist and future tenses

In the lexicon this stem will be the sixth (last) principal part (aorist passive) We have already worked with the first three (present future aorist vid Appendix 4 which lists the principal parts of the major verbs)

Present Future Aorist Perfect Perf MidPass Aorist Passβάλλω βαλῶ ἔβαλον βέβληκα βέβλημαι ἐβλήθην

The Greek aorist and future passive forms are built from the sixth principal part of the verb They are easily recognized because of the characteristic θ just before the ending Like other aorist tense verb forms aorist passives take the augment

Aorist and Future Passive Forms

The aorist passives are formed by adding θη before the ending

ἐ + λυ + θη + ν = ἐλύθην

102

Aug Stem Passiveconnective

Secondary Active Ending

I was loosed

The future passives add θησ before the ending and drop the augment

λυ + θησ + ομαι = λυθήσομαιStem Passive

connectivePrimary MidPass Ending

I will be loosed

Passive Connective Transformations

When a stem ends in a consonant the following changes take place when the θη is added

Velars κ or γ becomes χδιωκ + θη = ἐδιώχθην (I was pursued)

Labials π or β becomes φλείπ + θη = ἐλείφθην (I was left)

φ causes the θ to drop outγραφ + θη = ἐγράφην (I was written)

Dentals τ δ or θ becomes σπειθ + θη = ἐπείσθην (I was persuaded)

Sibilant ζ becomes σδοξαζ + θη = ἐδοξάσθην (I was glorified)

Consonant Shifts

Velars κ γ + θ = χθLabials π β + θ = φθ [φ+θ=φ]Dentals τ δ θ + θ = σθSibilants ζ + θ = σθ

A simple way to remember this is single consonantal velars (κ γ) go to the double lettered (ch) palatal (χ) Single consonantal labials (π β) go to double lettered (ph) labial (φ) The dentals (τ δ θ) and sibilant (ζ) both reduce to a sigma (σ)

First Aorist Passive Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural

103

1 ἐλύθην I was loosed ἐλύθημεν We were loosed2 ἐλύθης You were loosed ἐλύθητε You were loosed3 ἐλύθη Hesheit was loosed ἐλύθησαν They were loosed

Note the active secondary endings ν ς ndash μεν τε σαν The third singular and plural are different than what wersquove already learned but the rest is exactly the same

Future Passive Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural

1 λυθήσομαι I will be loosed λυθησόμεθα We will be loosed2 λυθήσῃ You will be

loosedλυθήσεσθε You will be loosed

3 λυθήσεται Hesheit will be loosed

λυθήσονται They will be loosed

Note the passive primary endings ομαι ῃ εται ομεθα εσθε ονται You already know these

MiddlesldquoDeponentrdquo

Some verbs that are middledeponent in the present will use a passive form in the aorist (eg ἀπεκρίθην) rather than the expected middle (ldquodeponentrdquo) form Regardless of the form (middle or passive) these types of aorist verbs will be translated with an active sense Thus ἀπεκρίθην is translated ldquoI answeredrdquo Others have both middle (ἐγενόμην) and passive forms (ἐγενήθην) both of which are translated active ldquoI becamerdquo

Aorist Passive Stems

Present Active Aorist Passive Future Passiveἀποστέλλω ἀπεστάλην mdashβάλλω ἐβλήθην βληθήσομαιγίνομαι ἐγενήθην mdashγινώσκω ἐγνώσθην γνωσθήσομαιδιδάσκω ἐδιδάχθην mdashδύναμαι ἠδυνήθην mdashἐγείρω ἠγέρθην ἐγερθήσομαιεὑρίσκω εὑρέθην εὑρεθήσομαι

104

θέλω ἠθελήθην mdashκρίνω ἐκρίθην κριθήσομαιλαμβάνω ἐλήμφθην mdashλέγω ἐρρέθην mdashὁράω ὤφθην ὀφθήσομαιπιστεύω ἐπιστεύθην mdashπορεύομαι ἐπορεύθην mdashσῴζω ἐσώθην σωθήσομαι

ἔρχομαι does not have an aoristfuture passive stem form (relax)

Second Aorist Passive Indicative of γράφω (I write)

Singular Plural1 ἐγράφην I was written ἐγράφημεν We were written2 ἐγράφης You were written ἐγράφητε You were written3 ἐγράφη Hesheit was written ἐγράφησαν They were written

The second aorist passive has no theta in the tense stem but the endings are the same as the first aorist passive

Chant for the Aorist Passive Indicative (API) Verb

(I was loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo)ἐλύθην -ν -ς -- -μεν -τε -σαν

Chant for the Future Passive Indicative (FPI) Verb

(I will be loosed)λυθήσομαι -ομαι -ῃ -εται -ομεθα -εσθε -ονται


Ἀπεκρίθησαν καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ Ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ ἐστινThey answered and said to him ldquoOur father is Abrahamrdquo (Jn 839)

105

Καὶ ὅτε εἶδεν ὁ δράκων ὅτι ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆνAnd when the dragon saw that he was cast to the earth (Rev 1213)

Οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶνThis is John the Baptist he was raised from [among] the dead (Mat 142)

106

CHAPTER 16 Aorist and Future Passive Verbs

Vocabulary

αἰών -ῶνος ὁ age eternity (122)ἀλλήλων one another (100)ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁ high priest (122)γυνή -αικός ἡ woman (215)δύναμαι I can am able (210)ἔθνος -ους τό nation (162)ὅσος -η -ον as great as (110)πόλις -εως ἡ city (162)τέ and and so (215)χείρ χειρός ἡ hand (177)

Review



Mat 611 τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιονδὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον


καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶνand forgive for us the debts our

107

CHAPTER 17Contract Verbs


1 identify contract verb formations2 implement the rules of vowel contraction3 recognize and write the paradigms of key contract verbs4 translate contract verb forms5 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and7 memorize Mat 612b in Greek

Introduction

Verbs with stems ending in α ε or ο are known as contract verbs For example in the verb ἀγαπάω the stem ends with alpha When pronominal endings are added to the verb the final vowel of the stem and the connecting vowel of the ending contract according to five rules

Contractions take place in the present and imperfect tenses

ἀγαπ + ά + ο + μεν = ἀγαπῶμεν

In the aorist and future where the suffix σ is used the final stem vowel lengthens

ἀγαπ + ά + σ + ομεν = ἀγαπήσομεν

Rules of Contraction (FOLDS)

Rule 1 Likes go long Two like vowels combine into their common long vowel

α + α = α ε + η = η ο + ω = ω

Example πληρο + ω = πληρῶ

Two exceptions

ε + ε = ει ο + ο = ου

Example ποιε + ετε = ποιεῖτε

Rule 2 Ο overcomes

108

An ο or ω will overcome an α ε or η becoming ω

ο + α = ω ε + ω = ω

Example ἀγαπά + ω = ἀγαπῶ

Exceptionε + ο = ου ο + ε = ου

Example ποιέ + ομεν = ποιοῦμεν

Rule 3 First overcomes When an α ε or η come together whichever comes first becomes its own matching long

vowelα + ε or α + η = long α ε + α = η

Example ἀγαπά + ετε = ἀγαπᾶτε

Rule 4 Same vowel with diphthong drops A vowel similar to the first vowel of a diphthong drops out

ο + ου = ου ε + ει = ειExample ποιε + εις = ποιεῖς

Rule 5 Dissimilar vowel with diphthong contracts A vowel dissimilar to the diphthong that follows it will contract using the preceding

rulesmdash

a unless the third vowel is an upsilon in which case the upsilon drops out

b unless the third vowel is an iota in which case the iota becomes an iota subscript

Exceptions

ο + ει = οι ε + οι = οι ο + ῃ = οι

Contraction Charts (for reference only)

When a vowel in the left row is combined with a vowel or dipthong in the top line the resulting contraction appears where the coordinates meet

Vowel and Vowel Contraction

α ε η ι υ ο ωα α α α αι αυ ω ωε η ει η ει ευ ου ωο ω ου ω οι ου ου ω

109

Vowel and Diphthong Contraction

ει ῃ ου οια ᾳ ᾳ ω ῳε ει ῃ ου οιο οι οι ου οι

Paradigms

Three typical contract verb paradigms will be presented These represent α ε and ο type verbs As you look through the paradigms you should reflect on the contract rules that are being used in the contraction process Do not memorize these Learn to figure them out by using the rules

Present Active Indicative of ἀγαπάω

Singular Plural1 ἀγαπῶ (αω) I love ἀγαπῶμεν (αομεν) We love2 ἀγαπᾷς (αεις) You love ἀγαπᾶτε (αετε) You love3 ἀγαπᾷ (αει) Hesheit loves ἀγαπῶσι(ν) (αουσι) They love

Present Active Indicative of ποιέω

Singular Plural1 ποιῶ (εω) I do ποιοῦμεν (εομεν) We do2 ποιεῖς (εεις) You do ποιεῖτε (εετε) You do3 ποιεῖ (εει) Hesheit does ποιοῦσι(ν) (εουσι) They do

Present Active Indicative of πληρόω

Singular Plural1 πληρῶ (οω) I fill πληροῦμεν (οομεν) We fill2 πληροῖς (οεις) You fill πληροῦτε (οετε) You fill3 πληροῖ (οει) Hesheit fills πληροῦσι(ν) (οουσι) They fill

LiquidNasal Verbs

Liquid verbs have stems ending in λ μ ν or ρ (Lemoners) λ and ρ are liquids and ν and μ are nasals but verbs ending in any of these four consonants are grouped together because they form their futures in the same way In the future active and middle indicative the tense suffix σ is replaced with an ε which contracts according to the normal

110

contraction rules Thus the future of κρίνω becomes κρινῶ (εω contraction) instead of κρίνσω


Τί δέ με καλεῖτε Κύριε κύριε καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε ἅ λέγωAnd why do you call me ldquoLord Lordrdquo and do not do what I say (Lk 646)

καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθαAnd my father will love him and we will come to him (Jn 1423)

ἀλλὰ λαλοῦμεν θεοῦ σοφίαν ἐν μυστηρίῳBut we speak Godrsquos wisdom in a mystery (1 Cor 27)

111

CHAPTER 17 Contract Verbs

Vocabulary

εἰ if that (504)ἐσθίω I eat (158)ζάω I live (140)ζητέω I seek (117)ἤ or either (343)καλέω I call (148)λαλέω I speak say (296)παρακαλέω I urge exhort (109)πληρόω I complete fill (86)ποιέω I do make (568)

Review




Mat 612a καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν

Memory Verse Mat 612b

ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶνas also we we forgave the debtors our

112

CHAPTER 18Perfect Verbs


1 recognize and write the perfect active indicative paradigms2 recognize pluperfect active indicative paradigms3 know the perfect stem forms of some of the major verbs learned in previous

lessons4 translate perfect and pluperfect indicative forms5 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and7 memorize Mat 613a in Greek

Introduction and Translation

The perfect tense form is used by an author to portray an action as a state of being often frontgrounding the action singling out the action for special attention Porter points out that the perfect may refer to past events and be translated like an aorist (eg Jn 1240 ldquohe blinded their eyesrdquo) a present (Jn 1223 ldquothe hour is comerdquo) and rarely even as a future (1 Jn 25 ldquothe love of God will be completedrdquo) There are also omnitemporalgnomic and timeless uses as well (1 Jn 412 ldquono one has ever seen Godrdquo) and iterative uses (Jn 1623 ldquothese things I have repeatedly spoken to yourdquo) (Porter Idioms 40f) The diversity of meanings will be narrowed down based on the lexical meaning of a particular verb or by contextual indicators For now we will translate it with the simple helping verb ldquohaverdquo but realize that its base meaning is frontgrounding a state of affairs

Perfect Formation

The perfect is the last Greek tense to be learned It is formed by attaching both a prefix and a suffix to the perfect active stem The perfect suffix is κα while the perfect prefix is derived by reduplication of the initial consonant

Reduplication Stem Perfect connective

Pronominal ending

Perfect tense form

λε + λυ + κα + τε = λελύκατε

Reduplication Patterns

Consonantal reduplication When a verb begins with a consonant the consonant is doubled and attached to the front of a word with a connecting epsilon (λε + λυκα)

113

Exceptions φ χ or θ

If the initial consonant of the verb is φ χ or θ the reduplicated consonant will be π (for φ) κ (for χ) or τ (for θ) See Mounce Basics 222

φανερόω becomes πεφανέρωκα (I have shown)χαρίζομαι becomes κεχάρισμαι (I have given freely)θεραπεύω becomes τεθεράπευμαι ( I have been healed)

Vocalic reduplication When a verb begins with a vowel or diphthong the vowel is lengthened ἐλπίζω becomes ἤλπικα and αἰτέω becomes ᾔτηκα

Doubled consonant or ρ If a word begins with two consonants or a rho an epsilon is usually added instead of reduplication γινώσκω (stem γνω-) becomes ἔγνωκα

Compound verbs The reduplicated form comes between the verb and the initial preposition ἀποστέλλω becomes ἀπέσταλκα

Adding Perfect Kappa

Contract verbs lengthen their final stem vowel preceding the perfect κ ending ἀγαπάω becomes ἠγάπηκα

If a verb stem ends in τ δ or θ the consonant is dropped when the perfect κ is added ἐλπίζω (stem ἐλπιδ-) becomes ἤλπικα

The middlepassives reduplicate on the front end but do not add the κα suffix on the back end

Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural1 λέλυκα I have loosed λελύκαμεν We have loosed2 λέλυκας You have loosed λελύκατε You have loosed3 λέλυκε(ν) Hesheit has loosed λελύκασι(ν) They have loosed

Note that the active endings are used ndash ς ε μεν τε σι(ν) The first singular drops the ν and the third plural goes to σι(ν)

Perfect MiddlePassive Indicative of λύω

Singular Plural1 λέλυμαι I have been loosed λελύμεθα We have been loosed2 λέλυσαι You have been

loosedλέλυσθε You have been loosed

3 λέλυται Hesheit has been λέλυνται They have been loosed

114

loosed

Translate perfect middlepassives as passive unless the particular verb or context dictates otherwise Middles will as normal be understood as emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb and translated active or for the subjectrsquos benefit (have loosed [for himself]) There is no κα suffix Primary endings are added directly with no theme vowel (ε ο) and ldquolemonersrdquo drop their consonant as the ending is added The contract verbs will lengthen their stem vowel and other consonantal ending verbs will make various consonantal shifts

μαι σαι ται μεθα σθε νται

σέσῳσμαι σέσῳσαι σέσῳσται (from σώζω)

κέκριμαι κέκρισαι κέκριται (from κρίνω)

πεφίλημαι πεφίλησαί πεφιληται (from φιλέω)

γέγραμμαι γέγραψαι γεγραπται (from γράφω)

Second Perfect

A few verbs do not take the κα perfect tense marker but still follow the reduplication pattern Mounce (Basics 224) notes four common second perfect verbs to which a fifth can be added

ἀκούω becomes ἀκήκοαγίνομαι becomes γέγοναγράφω becomes γέγραφαἔρχομαι becomes ἐλήλυθαλαμβάνω becomes εἴληφα

Second Perfect MiddlePassive add the endings directly onto the base form without an intervening κα (Stevens New Testament Greek 255)

ἔγνωσμαι ἔγνωσαι ἔγνωσται = I have been known (γινώσκω) (for the second person singular the doubled sigma reduces to a single sigma for euphonic purposes)

Οἶδα

οἶδα is an odd verb that is a perfect but translated as a present You should be aware of its irregular form Mathewson insightfully proffers that it retains its perfect aspect

οἶδα Paradigm

115

1 οἶδα I know οἴδαμεν we know2 οἶδας you know οἴδατε you know3 οἶδε(ν) hesheit knows οἴδασι(ν) they know

Pluperfect ParadigmmdashAugmented Perfect

Pluperfect tense is rare and expresses action completed in the past with a terminated effect some time in the past The pluperfect is formed by adding an augment to the perfect form and using the suffixes illustrated below Some pluperfects however do not add an augment (Mk 1444)

1 ἐλελύκειν I had loosed ἐλελύκειμεν we had loosed2 ἐλελύκεις you had loosed ἐλελύκειτε you had loosed3 ἐλελύκει hesheit had loosed ἐλελύκεισαν they had loosed

In its form you can think of the pluperfect as an augmented perfect The ει connecting diphthong also can trigger you to think of the pluperfect

Principal Parts

For Greek verbs there are six principal parts from which the paradigms are built You now know how all the parts function When you look verbs up in the lexicon these six principal parts will be listed

Present Future Aorist Activeἀγαπάω ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησαPerfect Active Perfect MidPass Aorist Passiveἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην

Chant Perfect Active Indicative (RAI) Verb

λέλυκα -- -ς -ε -μεν -τε -σι

Chant Perfect MiddlePassive Indicative (RMPI) Verb

λέλυμαι -σαι -ται -μεθα -σθε -νται

116

Perfect Indicative Verb Stems

Present Active Perfect Active Perfect MidPassἀγαπάω ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι I loveἀκούω ἀκήκοα mdash I hearἀποστέλλω ἀπέσταλκα ἀπέσταλμαι I sendβάλλω βέβληκα βέβλημαι I throwγίνομαι γέγονα γεγένημαι I becomeγινώσκω ἔγνωκα ἔγνωσμαι I knowγράφω γέγραφα γέγραμμαι I writeἔρχομαι ἐλήλυθα mdash I comeεὑρίσκω εὕρηκα mdash I findἔχω ἔσχηκα mdash I haveκαλέω κέκληκα κέκλημαι I callκρίνω κέκρικα κέκριμαι I judgeλαλέω λελάληκα λελάλημαι I speakλαμβάνω εἴληφα mdash I take receiveλέγω εἴρηκα εἴρημαι I sayμένω μεμένηκα mdash I remainὁράω ἑώρακα mdash I seeπιστεύω πεπίστευκα πεπίστευμαι I believeποιέω πεποίηκα πεποίημαι I do makeπορεύομαι mdash πεπόρευμαι I goσῴζω σέσωκα σέσῳσμαι I save


Ὅ ἦν ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς ὅ ἀκηκόαμεν ὅ ἑωράκαμενWhat was from the beginning which we have heard which we have seen (1 Jn 11)

λέγει αὐτῷ Ναὶ κύριε ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ ΧριστόςShe said to him ldquoYes Lord I have believed that you are the Christrdquo (Jn 1127)

117

(The perfects here refer to present states and may be translated present ldquoI believerdquo)

καὶ ἡμεῖς πεπιστεύκαμεν καὶ ἐγνώκαμεν ὅτι σύ εἶ ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦAnd we have believed and have known that you are the holy one of God (Jn 669)

(Likewise these refer to present states so may be translated present ldquoWe believe and know thatrdquo)

118

CHAPTER 18 Perfect Verbs

Vocabulary

γεννάω I beget (97)δικαιοσύνη -ης ἡ righteousness (92)ἐάν if when (351)εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace (92)οἶδα I know (318)οἰκία -ας ἡ house (93)ὁράω I see (454)περιπατέω I walk live (95)πῶς how (103)φοβέομαι I fear (95)

Memory Verse Mat 612b-13a


καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόνand not (you) lead us into temptation

119

CHAPTER 19Present Participles


1 understand how the participle works in English and Greek as a verbal adjective substantive and adverb

2 recognize and write the participle forms in the present active indicative paradigms3 translate present participle forms4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words and6 memorize Mat 613b in Greek

Introduction

In Greek participles are used in much the same way as they are in English Present participles are formed in English by adding ldquo-ingrdquo to the verbal form (eg walking) A participle is a verbal adjective

The participle is a critical part of the Greek language Care must be taken to recognize its forms One must also know the diverse ways it is translated whether as an adjective or as an adverb

Verbal Adjective

A participle has both verbal and adjectival qualities Participles are like verbs in that they are formed from several Greek tenses (present aorist perfect and a few futures) and have voice (active middle passive) They can take direct objects like verbs and may be modified by an adverb or prepositional phrase (eg She found the child lying in bed)

Participles are like adjectives in that they have gender number and case They may be used as an adjectival modifier or as a substantive

Adjective or Adverb

A Greek participle may be translated adverbially or adjectivally As an adverb the participle tells when how why or in what circumstances the verb is functioning The adverbial present participle points to and modifies the verb by using words like ldquowhilerdquo or ldquowhenrdquo (eg While surfing the web he found that site)

A participle can also function as an attributive adjective Connecting words like ldquowhordquo or ldquowhichrdquo will often be used to translate these types of participles (eg The man who is

120

sitting is the chief) The participle here is translated like a relative clause (whowhich + is )

A participle can also function like a substantive adjective (The one who is sitting there is the organizer)

Participle as Adjective

You can tell when a participle is being used adjectivally because as an attributive adjective it will modify a noun or pronoun It will usually come with an article and the context will show which noun or pronoun the participle modifies When translating a Greek present participle we may use a simple English participle which is usually a word ending in ldquoingrdquo

In the phrase ldquothe man speakingrdquo ldquospeakingrdquo modifies ldquomanrdquo and indicates which man is being referred to

οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς (Mat 1319)This is [the seed] that was sown along the path

Notice the prepositional phrase inserted between the definite article and its participle (Wenham Elements 151)

A participle like other adjectives may be used as a substantive when it has the article and no modified noun or pronoun In this case the participle acts as a noun Often these will be translated with the helping words ldquothe one (who is)rdquo

ὁ λέγων ταῦτα ἐν τῷ ἱερῷthe one saying these things in the temple

Participle as Adverb

A participle may be used as an adverb modifying the verb in some way It usually does not take an article (ie it is anarthrous) Often an adverbial participle will be translated as a temporal clause It may also be taken as causative (ldquobecause of loosingrdquo) concessive (ldquoalthough loosingrdquo) or instrumental (ldquoby loosingrdquo) as well One should note also if a participle is anarthrous it still may be attributive if it is close and grammatically attaches to a noun or it may be a predicate use of the participle as a verbal adjective So when a form is anarthrous it is ambiguous and context must help sort out which usage is being employed

If the present tense participle is used it refers to something that happens at the same time as the main verb (eg ldquowhile walkingrdquo) If an aorist tense participle is used the action of the participle was before the action of the main verb (eg ldquoafter walkingrdquo) There may be exceptions to this If a perfect tense participle is used its action was completed with continuing results (eg ldquoafter having walkedrdquo)

121

There are only twelve future participles in the New Testament and they indicate action that is expected or intended (eg ldquobefore walkingrdquo) (Mounce Basics 262f)

Participle Time

The time of the participle is relative to the time of the main verb In present participles the action of the participle may be simultaneous prior to or subsequent to the action of the main verb ldquoWhile walking he saw the heronrdquo Generally we will use the simultaneous reading ldquowhilerdquo Porter generalizes that when the participle precedes the verb in the order of the sentence it is often antecedent action (ldquoafter loosingrdquo) If the participle comes after the main verb it is usually simultaneous (ldquowhile loosingrdquo) or subsequent action (ldquobefore loosingrdquo)(Porter Idioms 188) Note that the participle action matches the past tense of the main verb both happen at the same time In aorist participles the participial action takes place prior to the action of the main verb ldquoAfter walking he saw the heronrdquo The aorist may describe attendant circumstances with action taking place at the same time as the main verb although this is rare The time of the happening is not the point in the present participle form Rather aspect is the main feature with the present being used to foreground denote process immediacy with the aorist being more wholistic complete background form and with the perfect being a frontgrounded state of being

Translating Participles

The adjectival participle will often be translated by using the English participle (ldquo-ingrdquo) with some connecting words such as ldquowhordquo ldquowhichrdquo or ldquothe one whordquo (eg The one speaking to me wrote the book)

Adverbial participles will often be translated in a temporal clause by using ldquowhilerdquo ldquoafterrdquo or ldquobeforerdquo (eg After speaking the teacher prayed) Adverbial participles may also indicate purpose (eg He went in order to find his car) be causative (eg He went because of loosing his car) or express means (eg by going early he found a seat) For our purposes here we will translate adverbial participles as temporal ldquowhile loosingrdquo (Stevens New Testament Greek 297f)

Greek Present Participle

We will be learning the present active middlepassive and future participles in this lesson Active participles are used when the word the participle modifies is doing the action (eg The man skating by is a friend)

The middlepassive forms should generally be translated as passive (on deponents see below) A passive participle is used where the word modified receives the action of the

122

participle (eg The man being stung by the bees ran for cover)

Remember that a middlepassive participle should be translated active if it comes from a deponent verb (eg ἔρχομαι becomes a participle as ἐρχόμενος and is translated as active)

Present Participle Forms

Present active participles are built from the present verb stem In the masculine and neuter the sign of the participle (οντ) is added followed by the third declension noun endings

λυ + οντ + ος = λύοντος

The present active feminine participle is formed by using ους as the sign of the participle to which the first declension endings are suffixed

λυ + ουσ + ης = λυούσης

Middlepassive participles are formed using the present verb stem adding -ομεν as a middlepassive participle indicator and the second declension case endings for the masculine and neuter

λυ + ομεν + ος = λυόμενος

The feminine uses first declension endingsλυ + ομεν + η = λυομένη

The participial forms are fairly easily learned The difficulty is in knowing how to translate them Here is a chart about present participles that may help

Adverbial participle has no Art[while because of by]

Adjectival attributive has Art before noun it modifies

Adjectival substantive has Art but no nounpronoun to modify

Present Active while loosing the loosing girl the one loosingPresent Middle while loosing

himselfthe girl loosing herself

the ones loosing themselves

Present Passive while being loosed

the girl being loosed

the one being loosed

123

Present Active Participles

3 1 3Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λύων λύουσα λῦονGen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντοςDat λύοντι λυούσῃ λύοντιAcc λύοντα λύουσαν λῦονPluralNom λύοντες λύουσαι λύονταGen λυόντων λυουσῶν λυόντωνDat λύουσι(ν) λυούσαις λύουσι(ν)Acc λύοντας λυούσας λύοντα

Present MiddlePassive Participles

2 1 2Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυόμενος λυομένη λυόμενονGen λυομένου λυομένης λυομένουDat λυομένῳ λυομένῃ λυομένῳAcc λυόμενον λυομένην λυόμενονPluralNom λυόμενοι λυόμεναι λυόμεναGen λυομένων λυομένων λυομένωνDat λυομένοις λυομέναις λυομένοιςAcc λυομένους λυομένας λυόμενα

Rather than memorize these large paradigms it is better to learn the nominative and genitive forms Once you have those two forms in mind the rest follow suit according to the normal 3-1-3 or 2-1-2 pattern In short the following is what you should be able to chant through


Nom λύων λύουσα λῦονGen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντος


124

Nom λυόμενος λυομένη λυόμενονGen λυομένου λυομένης λυομένου

Future Forms

The future participle occurs only twelve times in the New Testament It is used in situations where something is ldquopurposed intended or expectedrdquo and can be either punctiliar or durative (Mounce 262) We will describe how it is formed so you will be able to recognize it but there is no need to memorize a whole paradigm for it We will translate it ldquowill be loosingrdquo or just simply ldquoloosingrdquo

In forming the future participle a σ is added to the present verb stem followed by the third declension participle endings for the masculine and neuter and by first declension participle endings for the feminine participles

λυ + σ + οντος = λύσοντος λυ + σ + ουσης = λυσούσηςλυ + σ + ομενος = λυσόμενος λυ + θησ + ομενος=λυθησόμενος

Present Active Participle of εἰμί

3 1 3Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom ὤν οὖσα ὄνGen ὄντος οὔσης ὄντοςDat ὄντι οὔσῃ ὄντιAcc ὄντα οὖσαν ὄνPluralNom ὄντες οὖσαι ὄνταGen ὄντων οὐσῶν ὄντωνDat οὖσι(ν) οὔσαις οὖσι(ν)Acc ὄντας οὔσας ὄντα

Negating a Participle

οὐ is used for negating indicative verb forms Participles are not considered indicatives so μή will be used to negate participles (eg The one who is not studying failed the test)


Adjectival (+ art [usually])

125

Attributivemdashmodifies a noun or pronounThe girl sitting there went to Gordon

Substantivemdashno noun to modify Add ldquoonerdquo ldquowhordquo or ldquowhichrdquoThe one sitting there went to Gordon

Adverbial (no art [often]) Add ldquowhilerdquo ldquoafterrdquo or ldquoafter havingrdquo

Present While sitting there she dreamed of GreekAorist After sitting there she dreamed of GreekPerfect After having sat there she dreamed of GreekActive The one walking by is my friend (substantive)Passive The one being taken away is my friend (substantive)

After being seated the owner came (adverbial)


Τῇ ἐπαύριον βλέπει τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτὸνThe next day he saw Jesus coming to him (Jn 129)

ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν οὐ κρίνεται ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύωνThe one believing in him is not judged but the one not believing (Jn 318)

καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ ζητοῦντες τὸν ἸησοῦνAnd they came to Capernaum seeking Jesus (Jn 624)

Chant Present Active Participle (just be able to figure out the MidPass)

3 1 3

Nom λύων λύουσα λῦον

Gen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντος

Vocabulary

ἀκολουθέω I follow (90)ἐνώπιον before (94)θάλασσα -ης ἡ sea lake (91)κάθημαι I sit (91)καιρός -οῦ ὁ time (85)οὔτε and not neithernor (87)πίπτω I fall (90)

126

πούς ποδός ὁ foot (93)προσέρχομαι I comego to (86)προσεύχομαι I pray (85)

Memory Verse Review + Mat 613b

καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶςand not (you) lead us

εἰς πειρασμόν ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαιinto temptation but (you) deliver

ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦus from the evil (one)

127

CHAPTER 20Aorist Participles


1 understand how the participle works in English and Greek as a verbal attributive adjective substantive adjective and adverb

2 recognize and write the participle forms in the aorist active middle and passive paradigms

3 translate aorist participle forms4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

In Greek present participles are used in much the same way as they are in English Present participles are formed in English by adding ldquo-ingrdquo to the verbal form (eg ldquowalkingrdquo) A participle is a verbal adjective

Aorist participles typically indicate action before the action of the main verb (see chap 19) The aorist participles are also used for action as a complete whole In such cases the aorist is used merely to state that an action took place It need not specify when (past present or future) the action actually took place

Adjective or Adverb

A Greek participle may be translated adverbially or adjectivally As an adverb the participle tells when how why or in what circumstances the verb is functioning The adverbial participle modifies and points to the verb The aorist adverbial participle is usually translated with the temporal preposition ldquoafterrdquo (eg After surfing the web he found the information) The adverbial usage is usually anarthrous (does not have the article)

The adjectival use is usually marked with the article before the noun modified or before the substantival participle The participle can function as an attributive adjective Often connecting words like ldquowhordquo or ldquowhichrdquo will be used to translate these types of participles (eg The man who sat there is the chief) It can also be used like a substantive adjective (The one who sat there is the organizer) Or it can when anarthrous be used as a predicate adjective (The organizer is the one sitting there)

128

Participle and Time

The time of the participle is relative to the time of the main verb In aorist participles the action often takes place before the action of the main verb ldquoAfter talking he saw his friendrdquo The aorist may also describe attendant circumstances with action taking place at the same time as the main verb Writers use the aorist to portray completewholistic action in a backgrounding manner


The aorist adjectival participle will often be translated by using the English past tense verb rather than an ldquoingrdquo English participle adding ldquowhordquo ldquowhichrdquo or ldquothe one whordquo (eg The one who spoke to me wrote the bookrdquo or ldquoThe one who loosed me entered the temple) Adverbial participles will often be translated in a temporal clause by using ldquowhile after or beforerdquo (eg After laughing the boy left)

We will be learning the aorist active middle and passive as well as noting second aorist forms Active participles are used when the word the participle modifies is doing the action (eg The man who skated by is a friend)

A middle participle usually is translated as an active emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb However it may indicate that the action occurs for the benefit of the subject Mounce calls this the ldquoself-interestrdquo nuance (Basics 224) Eg The woman who freed herself went to the library

A passive participle is used when the word modified receives the action of the participle (eg The boy who was stung by the bees ran for cover) The aorist active and middle forms are built from the aorist stem Aorist passive participles are built from the aorist passive stem Here is a chart about aorist participles

Adverbial participle has no Art


Adjectival substantive has Art but no noun to modify

Aorist Active after loosing (the girl) who loosed

the one who loosed

Aorist Middle after loosing himself

(the girl) who loosed herself

the ones who loosed themselves

Aorist Passive after being loosed (the girl) who was the one who was loosed

129

loosed

Sometimes the participle may act as a main verb as Wallacersquos chart on the semantic range of the participle indicates (Wallace 269)

Verbal Adjectival

Independent (Verbal)

Imperatival

Indicative

(Substantival)

Subject object etc

Dependent (Adverbial)

Temporal Causal

Means Manner etc

(Adjectival)

Attributive

Predicate

First Aorist Participle Forms

Aorist active participles are built from the aorist verb stem The first aorist suffix σα is added to the stem Then in the masculine and neuter the sign of the participle (ντ) is added followed by the third declension noun endings

Note There is no augment on participles

Stem Aor Ptc ντ Third Declension MascNeut Participleλυ + σα + ντ + ος = λύσαντος

The aorist active feminine is formed by adding the first aorist suffix σα followed by the sign of the participle (σ) and the first declension endings

Stem Aor Ptc σ First Declension Fem Participleλυ + σα + σ + ης = λυσάσης

130

Aorist middle participles are similar in form to present middle participles The main difference is that the aorists have the first aorist σα suffix attached to the stem

Stem Aor Mid Ptc Second Declension Masc Participleλυ + σα + μεν + ος = λυσάμενος

Stem Aor Pass Ptc ντ Third Declension MascNeut Participleλυ + θε + ντ + ος = λυθέντος

3 1 3Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λύσας λύσασα λῦσανGen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντοςDat λύσαντι λυσάσῃ λύσαντιAcc λύσαντα λύσασαν λῦσανPluralNom λύσαντες λύσασαι λύσανταGen λυσάντων λυσασῶν λυσάντωνDat λύσασι(ν) λυσάσαις λύσασι(ν)Acc λύσαντας λυσάσας λύσαντα

2 1 2Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυσάμενος λυσαμένη λυσάμενονGen λυσαμένου λυσαμένης λυσαμένουDat λυσαμένῳ λυσαμένῃ λυσαμένῳAcc λυσάμενον λυσαμένην λυσάμενονPluralNom λυσάμενοι λυσάμεναι λυσάμεναGen λυσαμένων λυσαμένων λυσαμένωνDat λυσαμένοις λυσαμέναις λυσαμένοιςAcc λυσαμένους λυσαμένας λυσάμενα

3 1 3Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθένGen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντοςDat λυθέντι λυθείσῃ λυθέντιAcc λυθέντα λυθεῖσαν λυθένPlural

131

Nom λυθέντες λυθεῖσαι λυθένταGen λυθέντων λυθεισῶν λυθέντωνDat λυθεῖσι(ν) λυθείσαις λυθεῖσι(ν)Acc λυθέντας λυθείσας λυθέντα

First Aorist Active Participles (know these forms cold)

3 1Nom λύσας λύσασα λῦσανGen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντος

First Aorist Middle Participles

2 1 2Nom λυσάμενος λυσαμένη λυσάμενονGen λυσαμένου λυσαμένης λυσαμένου

First Aorist Passive Participles

3 1 3Nom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθένGen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντος

Second Aorist Participles

The second aorist participles use the second aorist stem to which the present active participle endings (3-1-3) are suffixed

ἰδών ἰδόντος ἰδόντι etc

ἐλθών ἐλθόντος ἐλθόντι ἐλθόντα etc

εἰπών εἰπόντος εἰπόντι εἰπόντα etc

The second aorist passive uses the same endings as the first aorist passive participles except they are built off the passive stem

γραφείς γραφέντος etc [Note the θ is dropped]

In translating the aorist participle attributively or substantivally there is often no ldquoingrdquo added The one who came or The woman who was seated

132


οὗτος ἀκούσας ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἥκει ἐκ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἀπῆλθενThis one after hearing that Jesus had come out of Judea went (Jn 447)

οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσουσινThe dead will hear the voice of the Son and the ones who hear will live (Jn 525)

καὶ εὑρόντες αὐτὸν πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἶπον αὐτῷ ῬαββίAnd after finding him on the other side of the sea they said to him ldquoRabbirdquo (Jn

625)

Chant for Aorist Active and Passive Participles (be able figure out the Middles)

Masc Fem NeutNom λύσας λύσασα λῦσανGen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντος

Nom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθένGen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντος

Vocabulary

ἀναβαίνω I go up (82)ἄρχω I rule begin (in mid) (86)ἕκαστος -η -ον each every (82)ἐκβάλλω I drive out (81)κἀγώ and I but I (81)καταβαίνω I go down (83)μᾶλλον more rather (81)μήτηρ -ός ἡ mother (83)ὅπου where since (82)ὥστε therefore so (that) (83)

133

CHAPTER 21Perfect Participles


1 understand how the participle works in English and Greek as a verbal adjective adverb and substantive

2 recognize and write the participle forms in the active middle and passive paradigms

3 translate perfect participle forms and be able to recognize and translate periphrastics and genitive absolutes

4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

Perfect participles are used when the action being described is a state of being frontground or ldquodwelled uponrdquo Perfect participles can be translated by using the helping verb ldquohavingrdquo (eg having spoken) When used adverbially the temporal preposition ldquoafterrdquo may be used (eg after having driven) It also may be simultaneous (ldquowhilerdquo) causal (ldquobecauserdquo) instrumental (ldquobyrdquo) or concessive (ldquoeven thoughrdquo)

Perfect Participle Forms

The perfect participle is formed from the perfect stem (fourth principal part) In the masculine and neuter -οτ is added to the stem followed by the third declension endings In the feminine -υι is added to the stem followed by the first declension endings

Reduplication Stem Perfect Ptc Third declension MascNeut participleλε + λυ + κ + οτ + ος = λελυκότος

Perfect middlepassive participles use the same endings as the present middlepassive participles (-μεν + 2-1-2 declension endings) The only difference is that the perfect participles are built on the perfect stem and have a perfect reduplication on the front and there is no connecting vowel

134

Reduplication Stem MidPass Ptc Second declension Masc participleλε + λυ + μεν + ος = λελυμένος

Perfect Active Participles (be able to recognize)

3 1 3Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκόςGen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότοςDat λελυκότι λελυκυίᾳ λελυκότιAcc λελυκότα λελυκυῖαν λελυκόςPluralNom λελυκότες λελυκυῖαι λελυκόταGen λελυκότων λελυκυιῶν λελυκότωνDat λελυκόσι(ν) λελυκυίαις λελυκόσι(ν)Acc λελυκότας λελυκυίας λελυκότα

Perfect MiddlePassive Participles

2 1 2Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυμένος λελυμένη λελυμένονGen λελυμένου λελυμένης λελυμένουDat λελυμένῳ λελυμένῃ λελυμένῳAcc λελυμένον λελυμένην λελυμένονPluralNom λελυμένοι λελυμέναι λελυμέναGen λελυμένων λελυμένων λελυμένωνDat λελυμένοις λελυμέναις λελυμένοιςAcc λελυμένους λελυμένας λελυμένα

Contract verbs the vowel lengthens

ἠγαπηκώς ἠγαπηκότος (Masc)

ἠγαπηκυῖα ἠγαπηκυίας (Fem)

ἠγαπηκός ἠγαπηκότος (Neut)

ἠγαπημένος (Masc) ἠγαπημένη (Fem) ἠγαπημένον (Neut)

Second Perfect Participles

135

Several verbs form their perfect participles from an irregular stem They are all active and are fairly rare You should be aware that they occur and be able to recognize them Here are three examples

γίνομαι γεγονώς -ότοςἔρχομαι ἐληλυθώς -ότοςπείθω πεποιθώς -ότος

2 1 2Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom εἰδώς εἰδυῖα εἰδόςGen εἰδότος εἰδυίας εἰδότοςDat εἰδότι εἰδυίᾳ εἰδότιAcc εἰδότα εἰδυῖαν εἰδόςPluralNom εἰδότες εἰδυῖαι εἰδόταGen εἰδότων εἰδυιῶν εἰδότωνDat εἰδόσι(ν) εἰδυίαις εἰδόσι(ν)Acc εἰδότας εἰδυίας εἰδότα

3 1 3Nom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκόςGen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότος

2 1 2Nom λελυμένος λελυμένη λελυμένονGen λελυμένου λελυμένης λελυμένου

136

The wedding is ready but those having been called were not worthy (Mat 228)

τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστινThe one having been born of the flesh is flesh (Jn 36)

ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ Σάββατόν ἐστινTherefore the Jews were saying to him who had been cured ldquoIt is the Sabbathrdquo (Jn

510)

Participle Translation Charts

Active Participle

Active Participle

Adverbial has no Art


Adjectival substantive has Art but no noun

Present While loosing (The boy) who is loosing

The one loosing

Aorist After loosing (The girl) who was loosing

The one who was loosing

(The girl) who loosed

The one who loosed

Perfect After having loosed

(The crowd) having loosed

The ones having loosed

Middle Participle

Middle Participle




Present While loosing himself

(The boy) who is loosing himself

The one loosing himself

Aorist After loosing herself

(The girl) who was loosing herself

The one who was loosing himself

(The girl) who loosed herself

The one who loosed himself

137

Perfect After having loosed themselves

(The crowds) having loosed themselves

The ones having loosed themselves

As usual the middledeponents are translated as activepassives as passives

Passive Participle

Passive Participle




Present While being loosed

(The boy) who is being loosed

The one being loosed

Aorist After being loosed (The girl) who was being loosed

The one who was being loosed

Perfect After having been loosed

(The crowd) having been loosed

The ones having been loosed

Introduction to Periphrastics

English often uses helping verbs to aid in designating verb tense (eg will go) or to specify a change in voice (eg he was led) While Greek usually indicates tense by prefixes and suffixes to the verb it also uses εἰμί + participle to indicate a single verbal idea εἰμί + participle is called a periphrastic construction

Periphrastic Forms

Periphrastic constructions are formed with present and perfect participle forms The εἰμί may be of any tense When using the present participle the tense of the εἰμί form matches the tense with which it is translated With the perfect participle the perfect tense uses the present forms of εἰμί and the pluperfect tense uses the imperfect forms

Gal 123 (Imperfect εἰμί + present ptc)μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν ὅτιBut only they kept hearing that

Mat 1619 (Future εἰμί + perfect ptc)ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖςwill have been bound in heaven (Hewitt New Testament Greek 151f)

Translating Periphrastics

138

Translate the periphrastic form as the normal tense of the verb While there may be an emphasis on continuous aspect of the verb the context will determine if the aspect is the actual focus of the construction Normally however translate periphrastic constructions like the regular verb tense (Mounce Basics 277) Note the absence of the aorist participle Some think that it is because of the durativecontinuousprocess force reflected in the periphrastic Porter observes that no elements may be inserted between the auxiliary verb (εἰμί) and the participle except those which complete or modify the participle (Porter Idioms 45)

Translated Tense Periphrastic ConstructionPresent Present εἰμί + Present participleImperfect Imperfect εἰμί + Present participleFuture Future εἰμί + Present participlePerfect Present εἰμί + Perfect participlePluperfect Imperfect εἰμί + Perfect participleFuture Perfect Future εἰμί + Perfect participle

Present εἰμί = εἰμί εἶ ἐστίν ἐσμέν ἐστέ εἰσί(ν) (chap 7) I am

Future εἰμί = ἔσομαι ἔσῃ ἔσται ἐσόμεθα ἔσεσθε ἔσονται (chap 10) I will be

Imperfect εἰμί = ἤμην ἦς ἦν ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν (chap 12) I was

Genitive Absolutes

A genitive absolute links a participle and a noun or pronoun in the genitive case and is only loosely connected to the rest of the sentence The subject of the sentence is not the subject of this participial construction The construction Participle (gen) + nounpronoun (gen) is called ldquoabsoluterdquo from the Latin ldquoabsolutusrdquo which means ldquoseparatedrdquo (Mounce Basics 275) The genitive noun is often taken as the subject of the participle This construction is used when there is a pronounced shift in characters in the narrative (ldquohesherdquo to a different ldquotheyrdquo etc)(Stevens 300)

Participle (gen) + nounpronoun (gen)

Genitive Absolute Translation Examples

Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ γενομένου ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ἐν οἰκίᾳ Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ γυνή

But whenafter Jesus was in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper a woman came (Mat 266ndash7)

ὁ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐξένευσεν ὄχλου ὄντος ἐν τῷ τόπῳFor Jesus had withdrawn a crowd being in the place (Jn 513)

139

Vocabulary

ἀνοίγω I open (77)βαπτίζω I baptize (77)εὐαγγέλιον -ου τό gospel (76)μαρτυρέω I witness (76)πέμπω I send (79)πονηρός -ά -όν evil bad (78)πρόσωπον -ου τό face (76)σημεῖον -ου τό sign miracle (77)στόμα -ατος τό mouth (78)ὑπάγω I go away (79)

140

CHAPTER 22Infinitives


1 understand how infinitives work in English and Greek as verbal nouns2 recognize and write the infinitive forms in the present first and second aorist and

perfect for the active middle and passive voices3 learn the many ways infinitives can be translated4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

Infinitives are indeclinable verbal nouns usually indicated in English by ldquotordquo + verb (eg He went inside to call a friend) A finite verb is one that is limited by a subject In English a nonfinite verb or infinitive is not limited by a particular subject

In Greek an infinitive may take a subject an object or be modified by some qualifier For example ldquoHe came to put the ball in the boxrdquo uses ldquothe ballrdquo as the object of the infinitive and ldquoin the boxrdquo which describes location to modify the infinitive ldquoto putrdquo

Functions

As a noun an infinitive may function as the subject of a sentence (eg To swim in the summer is fun) or the object of a finite verb (eg He told him to come) However infinitives are not declined with case gender or number like nouns They are indeclinable

Thus Summers notes that in Mark 926 ὥστε τοὺς πολλοὺς λέγειν ὅτι ἀπέθανεν is translated ldquoso that many said that he was deadrdquo Note that ldquomanyrdquo is an accusative plural and yet it functions as the subject of the infinitive ldquoto sayrdquo (Essentials 157)

As a verb the infinitive may take an object (eg I came not to destroy the law) It may substitute for the imperatival verb sometimes In Greek an infinitive may go with a noun in the accusative that functions as its subject It comes as either a present or aorist and takes voice but not person

As David Black has said it should be noted that the infinitives may ldquobe rendered as participles or as indicative verbsrdquo on occasion although most often the English infinitive (to + verb) will work (Itrsquos Still Greek to Me 115) A Greek infinitive may also function adverbially by telling when (before after while) a verbal action took place cause (because) purpose (in order that) or result (so that with the result that)

141

Greek Infinitive Introduction

The Greek infinitive is found in the present aorist and perfect tenses The infinitiversquos ldquotenserdquo is determined by the stem from which it is built and from the context In the infinitive the ending indicates aspect and have little to do with actual tense (time) μή is used instead of οὐ to negate an infinitive as we have seen for the participles οὐ is largely for the indicative and μή for everything else

Tense Means Aspect of Action

A movement must be made away from seeing infinitives as related to time The tense of the infinitive indicates aspect or type of action rather than time The present represents action in progress The aorist indicates complete action that simply says something happened without indicating when The perfect is used for state of being

While learning infinitives when the aspectual function of the infinitive is highlighted translate present tense infinitives ldquoto continue to xrdquo Aorist tense ldquoto xrdquo and perfects ldquoto have x+edrdquo

Present = to continue to call (this is clumsy so we will just use ldquoto callrdquo) Aorist = to call Perfect = to have called

Infinitive Forms

Active Middle PassivePresent Infinitiveλύειν λύεσθαι λύεσθαιto loose to loose oneself to be loosed

First Aorist Infinitiveλῦσαι λύσασθαι λυθῆναιto loose to loose oneself to be loosed

Perfect Infinitiveλελυκέναι λελύσθαι λελύσθαιto have loosed to have loosed oneself to have been loosed

Second Aorist Infinitive λείπω (to leave)λιπεῖν λιπέσθαι λειφθῆναιto leave to leave oneself to be left

142

Present Infinitive of εἰμίεἶναι (to be)


ἀλλ᾽ ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπενBut the one who sent me to baptize in [with] water that one said to me (Jn 133)

οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦHe is not able to see the kingdom of God (Jn 33)

διὰ τοῦτο οὖν μᾶλλον ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἀποκτεῖναιTherefore because of this the Jews were seeking all the more to kill him (Jn 518)

Articular Infinitive

A Greek infinitive may also function adverbially by telling when (before after while) a verbal action took place cause (because) purpose (in order that) or result (so that with the result that) Greek expresses the adverbial function by using a preposition + an article + infinitive This type of infinitive is called an ldquoarticular infinitiverdquo because it takes a neuter article The case of the article will match the infinitiversquos function in the sentence The articular infinitive may also be used as a noun or adjective complement Wallace observes that only 291 of the 2291 uses of the infinitive have the article (Wallace 264) Hence most infinitives are anarthrous

Thus in εἶχον πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι παρὰ σοί the infinitive εἶναι with the preposition specifies the time of the verb more closely (before) It is translated ldquo[The glory] I had with you before the world wasrdquo (Jn 175 Wenham Elements 86)

Infinitives are frequently used with prepositions and the neuter article In such cases the prepositions take on rather clearly defined roles

διά + article + infinitive = because [causal usage]εἰς + article + infinitive = in order thatto [purpose or result]ἐν + article + infinitive = when while [temporal contemporaneous]μετά + article + infinitive = after [temporal antecedent action]πρίν + article + infinitive = before [temporal subsequent action]πρό + article + infinitive = before [temporal subsequent action]πρός + article + infinitive = in order that [purpose or result]

While often the preposition with the infinitive indicates time it also is used to indicate purpose (especially with εἰς and πρός) Purpose may also be expressed by an articular

143

infinitive with the article in the genitive or even an infinitive just by itself With ὥστε it often refers to a result (Mounce Basics 298)

Complementary Infinitives

As in English infinitives can be used to complete the idea of the verb (eg Zach began to run) In Greek several verbs are often followed by a complementary infinitive (Mounce Basics 296)

δεῖ + infinitive = It is necessary + to run (inf)ἔξεστι(ν) + infinitive = It is permitted + to stand (inf)δύναμαι + infinitive = I am able + to come (inf)μέλλω + infinitive = I am about + to write (inf)

Infinitives for Indirect Discourse

Machen notes that the infinitive + an accusative is used to express indirect discourse (New Testament Greek 139) ὅτι is also used to introduce indirect discourse (eg I told you to go to the store)

ἔλεγον οἱ ἄνθρωποι αὐτὸν εἰναι τὸν προφήτηνThe men were saying that he was the prophet

ἠρώτων αὐτὸν μεῖναι παρ᾽ αὐτοῖςasking him to remain with them (Jn 440 vid Wallace Beyond 604)

Chant Infinitives (to loose)mdashget the rhythm down

εῖν εσθαι (Present)

εῖν εσθαι ῆναι (2nd Aorist)

αι ασθαι ῆναι (1st Aorist)

ναι σθαι (Perfect)

144

CHAPTER 22 Infinitives

Vocabulary

αἰτέω I ask (70)αἰώνιος -ον eternal (71)ἀποκτείνω I kill (74)κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head (75)πίνω I drink (73)πλοῖον -ου τό boat (68)πῦρ -ός τό fire (71)τηρέω I keep guard (70)ὕδωρ -ατος τό water (76)χαίρω I rejoice (74)

145

CHAPTER 23Subjunctive Verbs


1 understand how subjunctives work in English and Greek to denote potential action that ldquomayrdquo take place

2 recognize and understand the four types of conditions3 recognize and write the subjunctive forms in the present and aorist for the active

middle and passive voices4 learn the many ways the subjunctive can be used5 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

Thus far we have studied verbs in the indicative mood Mood as Porter has said ldquois an indication of the attitude of the speaker toward realityrdquo (Idioms 231) The indicative mood is the mood a speakerwriter will use to portray reality as they perceive it and indicative verbs express real action One must be careful to realize the indicative does not equal reality as liars may use the indicative to misrepresent reality There are three Greek moods of potential

1 Subjunctive is the realm of the possible ldquoMayrdquo or ldquomightrdquo is often used in translation (eg Zach may wash the car)

2 Imperative indicates expected action calling for volition and often with expectation The imperative often expresses a command (eg Zach wash the car or prohibition Zach donrsquot wash the car today)

3 Optative indicates a hoped-for circumstance that is often a remote possibility In Greek it is often used in prayer (eg Oh that Zach would wash the car)

Aspect may be a useful way of thinking of the subjunctive The present is used by the writer to portray an unfolding of process immediacy foregrounding the verb The aorist is used as a background form viewing the action as wholistic and complete

Introduction to the Subjunctive

The subjunctive mood is the mood of potential or possibility ldquoMayrdquo and ldquomightrdquo are the two key words often used in translating subjunctives Subjunctives are easily recognized by the trigger words that usually precede them Their form is easily learned since the

146

endings are the same as the present active indicative except that the connecting vowel is lengthened from omicron to omega and from epsilon to eta

Form

The subjunctive present (action in progress or unfolding) is built from the present verb stem as follows

λυ + ω + μεν = λύωμεν We may continue loosing

The subjunctive aorist (whole or complete action) is built from the aorist verb stem with a sigma and the same endings as the present There is no initial augment Augments occur only in the indicative Be able to chant through the present and first aorist paradigms They should sound very familiar

λυ + σ + ω + μεν = λύσωμεν We may loose

Present Subjunctive of λύω

ActiveSingular Plural

1 λύω I may loose λύωμεν We may loose2 λύῃς You may loose λύητε You may loose3 λύῃ Heshe may

looseλύωσι(ν) They may

loose

MiddlePassive

Singular Plural

1 λύωμαι I may be loosed

λυώμεθα We may be loosed

2 λύῃ You may be loosed

λύησθε You may be loosed

3 λύηται Heshe may be loosed

λύωνται They may be loosed

First Aorist Subjunctive of λύω

Active Singular Plural1 λύσω I may loose λύσωμεν We may loose2 λύσῃς You may loose λύσητε You may loose3 λύσῃ Heshe may

looseλύσωσι(ν) They may loose

Middle Singular Plural1 λύσωμαι I may loose

myselfλυσώμεθα We may loose

ourselves

147

2 λύσῃ You may loose yourself

λύσησθε You may loose yourselves

3 λύσηται Heshe may loose himselfherself

λύσωνται They may loose themselves

Passive Singular Plural1 λυθῶ I may be

loosedλυθῶμεν We may be

loosed2 λυθῇς You may be

loosedλυθῆτε You may be

loosed3 λυθῇ Heshe may be

loosedλυθῶσι(ν) They may be

loosed

Second Aorist Active Forms of λείπω (to leave fall short) (no sigma)

Singular Plural1 λίπω λίπωμεν2 λίπῃς λίπητε3 λίπῃ λίπωσι(ν)

Subjunctive of εἰμί

Singular Plural1 ὦ I may be ὦμεν We may be2 ᾖς You may be ἦτε You may be3 ᾖ Heshe may be ὦσι(ν) They may be

Subjunctive Triggers

The subjunctive aorist looks like the future indicative so care must be taken to distinguish the two One way is to use subjunctive triggers words that usually tip you off that a subjunctive will follow These are found in dependent clauses (He went so that he might try the bike)

ἵνα in order that (used most often)ἐάν ifὅς ἄν whoeverἕως until

Subjunctive Translation Examples

148

καὶ ὅτι οὐ χρείαν εἶχεν ἵνα τις μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπουAnd because he did not need that anyone might witness concerning man (Jn 225)

ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ἐν αὐτῷ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιονThat anyone believing in him might have eternal life (Jn 315)

ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λέγω ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτεBut I say these things that you might be saved (Jn 534)

Four Types of Conditionals

Conditions have two parts the protasis (if) and the apodosis (then) The simple form is If A then B The protasis presents the condition and the apodosis tells the consequence There are about 600 conditional statements in the New Testament Here are the basic structures but one must be careful to allow the pragmatic use in context to determine how a particular condition is being used and to what desired effect on the readers

There are four types of conditions in Greek

1 reality assumed reality (for the sake of argument)2 contrary to fact (presumed false)3 possible (anticipationexpectation) and4 possible but more contingent (less likely future)

One should be aware that levels of probability can better be derived from the contextual indicators than the particular conditional form structure

First Class Condition Assumed Reality

Form εἰ + indicative verb (protasis) + any apodosis

Function Assumes the reality of the condition (protasis) Assumption may not actually be the case in reality howevermdashmay just be assumed for the sake of argument

Eg εἰ δὲ πνεύματι ἄγεσθε οὐκ ἐστὲ ὑπὸ νόμον

But if (since) you are led by the Spirit you are not under the law [= and indeed you are so led] (Gal 518)

Wallace observes only 37 of the 300 first class conditions fit with a ldquosincerdquo translation of the first class conditional He highlights 36 times where it cannot possibly be ldquosincerdquo For example Mat 1227 ldquoif I cast out demons by Beelzebub rdquo Clearly he is assuming it to make a point and not affirming its reality (cf 1 Cor 1513 Wallace 310)

149

Second Class Condition Assumed Impossibility (contrary to fact)

Form εἰ + aoristimpf indicative verb (protasis) + ἄν +

aoristimpf indicative verb (apodosis)

Function Assumes the condition is contrary to fact

Eg εἰ ἦς ὦδε οὐκ ἄν μου ἀπεθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός

If you had been here my brother would not have died [= but obviously you were not heremdashthus denying the protasis] (Jn 1132)

Third Class Condition Possibility (anticipationexpectation)

Form ἐάν + subjunctive (protasis) + any apodosis

Function Possibility future condition

Eg ἐάν τούτον ἀπολύσᾳς οὐκ εἶ φίλος τοῦ ΚαίσαροςIf you release this one you are not a friend of Caesar [= you have not yet but if you

do then ] (Jn 1912)

Found about 300 times in the New Testament Sometimes it will semantically share the meaning of the first class conditions with the level of probability derived from the context

Fourth class condition Possibility (rare)mdashless likely future or more contingent

Form εἰ + optative mood (protasis) + optative (apodosis)

Eg ἀλλ᾽ εἰ καὶ πάσχοιτε

But if you should suffer (1 Pet 314) (cf Summers Essentials 121 Dana and Mantey Manual Grammar 289) Again the context will dictate the level of possibility

Various Subjunctive Functions

We have already discussed the role of the subjunctive in third class conditional statements The subjunctive has four other major functions

150

1 Hortatory subjunctive urges the speaker and listeners to a certain behavior or mind-set This use requires the first person

Διέλθωμεν καὶ ἴδωμενLet us go and let us see (cf Lk 215)

2 Subordinate purpose or result clause is often introduced by ἵνα + subjunctive

ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτόςin order that he might witness concerning the light (Jn 17)

3 Prohibitive subjunctive uses the aorist with a negative and prohibits an action

μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόνLead us not into temptation (Mat 613)

4 Deliberative subjunctive often is a rhetorical device not calling for an answer

τί εἴπω ὑμῖνWhat shall I say to you (1 Cor 1122)

Negative Questions

There are two major ways to say ldquonordquo in Greek using οὐ and μή οὐ is used with finite verbs in the indicative μή is used with the moods of potential (subjunctive imperative optative) and nonfinite verbal forms (participles infinitives) Sometimes with subjunctives a double negative οὐ μὴ is used for emphasis (Jn 637) οὐ and μή are used in questions to elicit two quite different responses

When a question begins with οὐ the expected answer is ldquoyesrdquoYou will study tonight wonrsquot you (implied ldquoyesrdquo answer)

When a question begins with μή the expected answer is ldquonordquoYou arenrsquot going to study are you (implied negative answer)

One way to remember this is ldquoMayrdquo (μή) means ldquonayrdquo


οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος οὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν ἑώρακαAm I not an apostle [of course I am] Have I not seen Jesus our Lord [of course I

have] (1 Cor 91)

151

τί γάρ εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν τὴν πίστιν τοῦ θεοῦ καταργήσειWhat then If some did not believe will their faithlessness nullify the faithfulness of

God [no way] (Rom 33)

Optatives

There are only sixty-seven optatives in the New Testament We will not learn a paradigm but you should be aware that they exist express a ldquowishrdquo and that their form is characterized by the connective οι αι or ει Here are a few examples (Oh that ) (Hewitt New Testament Greek 193ndash94)

γένοιτο aorist dep 3sg γίνομαι Oh that it might beδυναίμην present dep 1sg δύναμαι Oh that I might be ableεἴη present active 3sg εἰμί Oh that he might beἔχοιεν present active 3pl ἔχω Oh that they might haveθέλοι present active 3sg θέλω Oh that he might wishποιήσαιεν aorist active 3pl ποιέω Oh that they might make

Optative Translation Example

Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν ὁ νόμος ἁμαρτία μὴ γένοιτοWhat shall we say then Is the law sin May it never be (Rom 77)

Chant 24 Subjunctive (I may loose)

λύω -λύῃς λύῃ λύωμεν λύητε λύωσι(ν) Present Active Subj

λύωμαι -ῃ ηται -ωμεθα -ησθε -ωνται Present MidPass Subj

Aorist Active amp Middle use the same endings as the present

Aorist Passive uses the Present Active endings

Vocabulary

ἄγω I lead bring (67)ἀπολύω I set free (66)εἴτε if whether (65)ἐντολή -ῆς ἡ commandment (68)

152

καρπός -οῦ ὁ fruit (66)πιστός -ή -όν faithful (67)πρεσβύτερος -α -ον elder (66)ῥῆμα -ατος τό word (68)σάββατον -ου τό Sabbath (68)φέρω I bear carry (66)

153

CHAPTER 24Imperative Verbs


1 understand how imperatives work in English and Greek as commands prohibitions or entreaties

2 recognize and write the imperative forms in the present and aorist tenses for the active middle and passive voices


Introduction

The imperative mood is used to express a command entreaty or prohibition In English the imperative is used only with the second person (eg [You] get in the car) The Greek imperative occurs in the present and aorist tenses Both second and third person (ldquoLet himherit do somethingrdquo) forms may be used

TenseAspect

The imperative mood is built from both the present and the aorist stems The present denotes action as a process in progress (ldquocontinue loosingrdquo) and does not necessarily refer to the present time The aorist form portrays action as a complete whole ([you] loose)(Mathewson 34) The two tense forms (presentaorist) will often be translated the same way in English but one should be aware of the untranslatable differences between the two

Form

The form of the second person singular must be learned for each tense The second person plural form is the same as the present active indicative You will have to use context to distinguish the two The third person singular replaces the final ε of the second person plural with an ω The third person plural replaces the second person plural ε with ωσαν A handy way to learn the imperative endings is by learning them in a rhythmic manner (do as a rap softshoe) (E-toe-ti-toe-san ou -stho sthe sthosan [with a lisp] etc)

Chant Imperative Endings tap-dance

2 sg 3 sg 2 pl 3 plPresent Active ε τω τε τωσανPresent MidPass ου σθω σθε σθωσανFirst Aorist Active ν τω τε τωσαν

154

First Aorist Middle αι σθω σθε σθωσανFirst Aorist Passive τι τω τε τωσαν

PresentProcess Action in Progress Imperative of λύω

ActiveSingular Plural2 λῦε You loose λύετε You loose3 λυέτω Let him loose λυέτωσαν Let them loose

MiddlePassiveSingular Plural2 λύου You be loosed λύεσθε You be loosed3 λυέσθω Let him be loosed λυέσθωσαν Let them be loosed

Pedantically one may translate it ldquoyou continue loosingrdquo or ldquolet her continue loosingrdquo

Note The third person singular form replaces the final ε of the second person plural form with an ω while the third person plural form replaces it with ωσαν

First AoristWholistic Complete Action Imperative of λύω

-- you loose let her loose

Active PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural2 λῦσον λύσατε λύθητι λύθητε3 λυσάτω λυσάτωσαν λυθήτω λυθήτωσαν

MiddleSingular Plural2 λῦσαι (= Inf) λύσασθε3 λυσάσθω λυσάσθωσαν

Second AoristWholistic Complete Action Imperative of λείπω

(I leave)

Active PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural2 λίπε λίπετε λείφθητι λείφθητε3 λιπέτω λιπέτωσαν λειφθήτω λειφθήτωσαν

155

MiddleSingular Plural2 λιποῦ λίπεσθε3 λιπέσθω λιπέσθωσαν

Imperative of εἰμί

Singular Plural2 ἴσθι ἔστε3 ἔστω ἔστωσαν

Translated you be she must be

Various Functions

Imperatives are used in several ways

1 As a command

ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶνLove your enemies (Mat 544)

2 As a prohibition

Μὴ φοβοῦ τὸ μικρὸν ποίμνιονFear not little flock (Lk 1232)

Mounce (Basics 307f) observes that a prohibition may also be made in several other ways

(1) οὐ + indicative (you shall not )

(2) μὴ + aorist subjunctive

(3) οὐ μὴ + aorist subjunctive (strong negation)

3 As an entreaty especially when speaking to a superior (Dana and Mantey Manual Grammar 175f Summers Essentials 127)

Πάτερ ἅγιε τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σουHoly Father keep them in your name (Jn 1711)


156

λέγει αὐτοῖς Ἔρχεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε ἦλθαν οὖν καὶ εἶδανHe said to them ldquoCome and you will seerdquo They came therefore and saw (Jn 139)

λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς Πορεύου ὁ υἱός σου ζῇ ἐπίστευσεν ὁ ἄνθρωποςJesus said to him ldquoGo your son livesrdquo The man believed (Jn 450)

λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἔγειρε ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου καὶ περιπάτειJesus said to him ldquoArise take your bed and walkrdquo (Jn 58)

157

CHAPTER 24 Imperative Verbs

Vocabulary

ἀγαπητός -ή -όν beloved (61)γραμματεύς -έως ὁ scribe (63)δαιμόνιον -ου τό demon (63)δοκέω I think (62)δοξάζω I glorify honor (61)ἔξω outside (63)ἐρωτάω I ask (63)θέλημα -ατος τό will (62)θρόνος -ου ὁ throne (62)ὄρος -ους τό mountain (63)

158

CHAPTER 25The -μι Verbs


1 read and write the basic paradigms of the -μι verbs2 understand how -μι verbs relate to the verb forms we have learned thus far3 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and4 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

So far we have worked with the -ω conjugation which is also called ldquothematicrdquo because its verbs use a connecting vowel (usually ο or ε) between the stem and the ending Another type of verb that is older but by New Testament times played a less important role in Koine Greek is the ldquomi (-μι)rdquo or ldquoathematicrdquo verbs

There are four types of -μι verbs

1 Omicron class (δίδωμι I give)

δίδωμι is omicron class because the root is δο-

2 Alpha class (ἵστημι I set stand)

ἵστημι is alpha class because the root is στα-

3 Epsilon class (τίθημι I put)

τίθημι is epsilon class because the root is θε-

4 Upsilon (δείκνυμι I show explain)

δείκνυμι is upsilon class because the root is δεικνυ-

With a few simple rules and knowledge of the endings these verbs prove fairly regular The point is not to master them but to be able to recognize their forms

Formation Rules

1 In the present and imperfect the initial consonant is reduplicated and connected with an iota (cf perfect) (Mounce Basics 313f)

159

δο (the root of δίδωμι) becomes διδο

2 -μι verbs do not take a connecting vowel before the pronominal endings Rather the rootrsquos final vowel may be retained lengthened or omitted

διδο becomes διδω

3 The present form takes the following pronominal endings (Learn these well)

Singular Plural1 -μι -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -σι -ασι

4 Most of the -μι verbs use the tense suffix κα rather than the normal σα (eg ἔδωκα) Donrsquot confuse this with the perfects Note that the present is different but the rest have rather normal endings that you already know

δίδωμι Paradigms (I give [root δο])

Active Indicatives

Present Imperfect Future Aorist Perfect

Singular1 δίδωμι ἐδίδουν δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα2 δίδως ἐδίδους δώσεις ἔδωκας δέδωκας3 δίδωσι(ν) ἐδίδου δώσει ἔδωκε(ν) δέδωκε(ν)

Plural1 δίδομεν ἐδίδομεν δώσομεν ἐδώκαμεν δεδώκαμεν2 δίδοτε ἐδίδοτε δώσετε ἐδώκατε δεδώκατε3 διδόασι(ν) ἐδίδοσαν δώσουσι(ν) ἔδωκαν δέδωκαν

Other Moods

Present Subjunctive

Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative

Singular1 διδῶ δῶ mdash mdash2 διδῷς δῷς δίδου δός3 διδῷ δῷ διδότω δότω

160

Plural1 διδῶμεν δῶμεν mdash mdash2 διδῶτε δῶτε δίδοτε δότε3 διδῶσι(ν) δῶσι(ν) διδότωσαν δότωσαν

Infinitives

Present AoristActive διδόναι δοῦναιMiddle δίδοσθαι δόσθαιPassive δίδοσθαι δοθῆναι

Present MiddlePassive Indicative

(note how regular)

Singular Plural1 δίδομαι διδόμεθα2 δίδοσαι δίδοσθε3 δίδοται δίδονται

Filling Out the Paradigm

Imperfect MidPass ἐδιδόμην ἐδίδοσο ἐδίδοτο ἐδιδόμεθα ἐδίδοσθε ἐδίδοντο

Future Middles δώσομαι δώσῃ δώσεται δώσομεθα δώσεσθε δώσονται

Future Passives δοθήσομαι δοθήσῃ δοθήσεται δοθησόμεθα δοθήσεσθε δοθήσονται

Aorist Middles ἐδόμην ἔδου ἔδοτο ἐδόμεθα ἔδοσθε ἔδοντο

Aorist Passives ἐδόθην ἐδόθης ἐδόθη ἐδόθημεν ἐδόθητε ἐδόθησαν

Perfect MidPass δέδομαι δέδοσαι δέδοται δεδόμεθα δέδοσθε δέδονται

Three other -μι verb types are based on the final vowel of their root

Alpha class (ἵστημι I set stand) Epsilon class (τίθημι I put) and

161

Upsilon class (δείκνυμι I show explain)

We will now look more carefully at these In this section we will focus on the present tense only The other tenses are fairly regular if the expected changes to the final vowels are kept in mind One should note that in the present and imperfect the final vowel is lengthened in the singular and shortened in the plural

Present Paradigms

Singular1 ἵστημι τίθημι δείκνυμι2 ἵστης τίθης δείκνυςδεικνύεις3 ἵστησι(ν) τίθησι(ν) δείκνυσι(ν)

Plural1 ἵσταμεν τίθεμεν δείκνυμεν2 ἵστατε τίθετε δείκνυτε3 ἱστᾶσι(ν) τιθέασι(ν) δεικνύασι(ν)

Although the normal μι-verb paradigm for stems ending in υ (eg ἀπόλλυμι δείκνυμι) would require δείκνυς as the second person singular form it appears as δεικνύεις in its sole occurrence in the New Testament

Exploring τίθημι

Imperfect Active ἐτίθην ἐτίθεις ἐτίθει ἐτίθεμεν ἐτίθετε ἐτίθεσαν

Aorist Indicative ἔθηκα ἔθηκας ἔθηκε(ν) ἐθήκαμεν ἐθήκατε ἔθηκαν

Present Subjunctive τιθῶ τιθῇς τιθῇ τιθῶμεν τιθῆτε τιθῶσι(ν)

Aorist Subjunctive θῶ θῇς θῄ θῶμεν θῆτε θῶσι(ν)

Present Active Imperative τίθει τιθέτω τίθετε τιθέτωσαν

Aorist Active Imperative θές θέτω θέτε θέτωσαν

Principal Parts

PresAI FAI AAI PerfAI PerfMI APIδίδωμι δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα δέδομαι ἐδόθηντίθημι θήσω ἔθηκα τέθεικα τέθειμαι ἐτέθηνἵστημι στήσω ἔστησα ἕστηκα ἕσταμαι ἐστάθηνδείκνυμι δείξω ἔδειξα (δέδειχα) δέδειγμαι ἐδείχθην

162

-μι Participles

Participles are formed in a fairly regular manner with the initial reduplication in the present but not in the aorist (all masculine singular examples here)

Present Participles

Active Masc Fem NeutNom διδούς διδοῦσα διδόνGen διδόντος διδούσης διδόντος

MidPass

Nom διδόμενος διδομένη διδόμενονGen διδομένου διδομένης διδομένου

Aorist Participles (just pop the δι off the present ptc)

Active Masc Fem NeutNom δούς δοῦσα δόνGen δόντος δούσης δόντος

MiddleNom δόμενος δομένη δόμενονGen δομένου δομένης δομένου

PassiveNom δοθείς δοθεῖσα δοθένGen δοθέντος δοθείσης δοθέντος

Perfect Participles (shift the δι to δε + perf κοτκυι )

Active Masc Fem NeutNom δεδωκώς δεδωκυῖα δεδωκόςGen δεδωκότος δεδωκυίας δεδωκότος

MidPass no perf κNom δεδόμενος δεδομένη δεδόμενον

163

Gen διδομένου δεδομένης δεδομένου


ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ πάντα δέδωκεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦThe Father loves the Son and has given all things into his hand (Jn 335)

οὕτως καὶ τῷ υἱῷ ἔδωκεν ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷSo he gave to the son also to have life in himself (Jn 526)

ἀποκρίνεται Ἰησοῦς Τὴν ψυχήν σου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θήσειςJesus answered ldquoWill you lay down your life for merdquo (Jn 1338)

Chant -mi verb Spanish endings (Present)

δίδωμι -μι -ς -σι(ν) -μεν -τε ασι(ν)

164

CHAPTER 25 The -μι Verbs

Vocabulary

ἀνίστημι I raise erect (108)ἀπόλλυμι I destroy (90)ἀφίημι I let go dismiss (143)δίδωμι I give put (415)ἤδη now already (61)ἵστημι I set stand (154)κηρύσσω I proclaim (61)παραδίδωμι I entrust hand over (119)τίθημι I put place (100)φημί I say (66)

165

CHAPTER 26Numbers and Interrogatives


1 recognize and translate interrogative statements2 recognize and translate indefinite pronouns3 recognize and translate basic Greek numbers4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek and5 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction

Thus far we have looked at the following types of pronouns personal (eg ἐγώ) relative (eg ὅς) demonstrative (eg οὗτος) reflexive (myself [ἐμαυτοῦ] yourself [σεαυτοῦ] himheritself [ἑαυτοῦ]) and reciprocal (eg ἀλλήλων) In this section we will examine indefinite pronouns (someonesomething) and interrogative pronouns (who which what)

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives are used in place of the genitive case of the personal pronouns at times

ἐμός -- my σός -- your ἡμετερος -- our ὑμετερος -- your (pl)

Example

ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀληθειά ἐστιν (Jn 1717)sanctify them in the truth your word is truth

Indefinite Pronouns (τιςτι someone anything)

This form is an enclitic and is often combined with ὅς (ὅστις)

Singular PluralMasc and Fem

Neut Masc and Fem

Neut

166

Nom τις τι τινές τινάGen τινός τινός τινῶν τινῶνDat τινί τινί τισί(ν) τισί(ν)Acc τινά τι τινάς τινά

Note that the word is an enclitic with no accent of its own These forms receive an accent when given special emphasis or when beginning a clause The two-syllable forms also receive an accent when following a word with no accent on the ultima

Example

Καὶ ἀποστέλλουσιν πρὸς αὐτόν τινας τῶν Φαρισαίων

And they sent to him some of the Pharisees (Mk 1213)

We have looked at interrogative clauses which use οὐ when expecting an affirmative answer and μή when calling for a negative one Other questions may also be introduced by the following interrogative adverbs

πότε whenποῦ whereπῶς howτίς τί who which what

Other interrogatives are

διὰ τί whyτί why

Interrogative Pronoun (τίςτί who which what)


Neut Masc and Fem

Neut

Nom τίς τί τίνες τίναGen τίνος τίνος τίνων τίνωνDat τίνι τίνι τίσι(ν) τίσι(ν)Acc τίνα τί τίνας τίνα

Note that these forms are not enclitic instead they have their own accent Note also that the two-syllable forms are accented on the first syllable and that the acute accent on τίς and

167

τί never changes to a grave accent The accent is the only difference in form from the indefinite pronoun τιςτι which is enclitic

Example

μὴ οὖν μεριμνήσητε (worry) λέγοντες Τί φάγωμεν ἤ Τί πίωμεν ἤ Τί περιβαλώμεθα (wear)(Mat 631)

Therefore do not worry saying ldquoWhat shall we eatrdquo or ldquoWhat shall we drinkrdquo or ldquoWhat shall we wearrdquo

Greek Numbers

There are two types of numbers

1 Cardinal numbers (1 2 3 and counting)2 Ordinal numbers (first second and third telling order in a list)

In Greek ordinal numbers are expressed as shown

πρῶτος -η -ον firstδεύτερος -α -ον secondτρίτος -η -ον thirdτέταρτος -η -ον fourth

Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal Numbers function like adjectives

εἷς μία ἕν 1 ἕξ 6δύο 2 ἑπτά 7τρεῖς τρεῖς τρία 3 ὀκτώ 8τέσσαρες -ων 4 ἐννέα 9πέντε 5 δέκα 10

εἴκοσι 20 τριάκοντα 30ἑκατόν 100 τεσσεράκοντα 40χίλιοι -αι -α 1000 πεντήκοντα 50

168

Teens

ἕνδεκα δώδεκα τρισκαίδεκα δεκατέσσαρες δεκαπέντε 11 12 13 14 15

Tens

εἴκοσι τριάκοντα τεσσαράκοντα πεντήκοντα ἑξήκοντα20 30 40 50 60

Number One

The number one is often compounded (οὐδείς μηδείς no one nothing) and you should be able to recognize how it is declined (Machen New Testament Greek 165 Summers Essentials 138)

Masc Fem NeutNom εἷς μία ἕνGen ἑνός μιᾶς ἑνόςDat ἑνί μιᾷ ἑνίAcc ἕνα μίαν ἕν

Example

ἦσαν δὲ ἐκεῖ λίθιναι ὑδρίαι ἕξ κατὰ τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων κείμεναι χωροῦσαι (holding) ἀνὰ μετρητὰς δύο ἢ τρεῖς (Jn 26)

But there was lying there six stone water jars according to the purification of the Jews holding two or three measures each

Chant Numbers 1-10 12 100 1000

εἷς δύο τρεῖς τέσσαρες πέντε

ἕξ ἑπτά ὀκτώ ἐννέα δέκα

δώδεκα ἑκατόν χίλιοι

Vocabulary

ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς of himheritself (319)ἐμός -ή -όν my mine (76)ἱμάτιον -ου τό garment (60)νύξ νυκτός ἡ night (61)

169

ὅστις ἥτις ὅτι whoever (153)ποῦ where (48)προσκυνέω I worship (60)τις τι someone something (525)τίς τί who which what (555)ὧδε here hither (61)

170

CHAPTER 27Comparatives Conjunctions Adverbs and Clause Types


1 recognize and translate comparatives2 recognize classify and translate conjunctions adverbs and particles3 recognize classify and translate purpose result and other types of clauses4 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek5 translate John 11ndash10 and6 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction to Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In this chapter we will examine four syntactic odds and ends Comparative adjectives (eg greater) usually compare two items Superlative adjectives (eg greatest) are used when comparing more than two items The issue is more the number of items being compared than the inflection on the Greek form A comparative may be used as a regular adjective or as a superlative Likewise a superlative may be used as a normal adjective or comparative Both may be used as a elative which is an intensification of the regular adjectival usage [the very big baloon] (Wallace The Basics of New Testament Syntax 132ff)

Comparative Adjectives

Greek uses either the endings -ιων or -τερος -α -ον or the particle ἤ (than) to indicate a comparative

For example

μέγας (great) μείζων (greater)μικρός (small) μικρότερος (smaller)ἀγαθός (good) κρείσσων (better)

These are then declined like adjectives (μείζων μείζονος μείζονι)

Wallace notes a regular adjective may be used as a comparative

1) Comparative Mat 188 καλόν σοί ἐστιν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν κυλλόν

it is better to enter into life crippled

171

2) Superlative Mt 2238 αὕτη ἐστῖν ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή

this is the greatest and first commandment

A comparative may function as a

1) Regular adjective Mat 126 λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι τοῦ ἱεροῦ μεῖζον ἐστιν ὧδε

I tell you [something] greater than the temple is here

2) Superlative Luk 948 ὁ μικρότερος πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ἐστιν μέγας

the least among you is greatest

3) Elative (sense of the adj is intensified) Acts 1331 ὃς ὤφθη ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους

who appeared for very many days

Superlative Adjectives

The superlative is rare in the New Testament It is formed by suffixing either -τατος -η -ον or -ιστος -η -ον There may be a change in the stem as seen in the following example The most frequent is πρῶτος (first) and ἔσχατος (last) The superlative form may function as a regular adjective or as a comparative or elative

Adjective Comparative Superlativeμικρός (little) ἐλάσσων (less) ἐλάχιστος (least)μέγας (great) μείζων (greater) μειζότερος (greatest)νέος (new) νεώτερος (newer) νεώτατος (newest)

Other superlatives are

ὕψιστος -η -ον (highest) πρῶτος -η -ον (first)

πλεῖστος -η -ον (most) ἔσχατος -η -ον (last)

Superlative as an elative Mk 41 συνάγεται πρὸς αὐτὸν ὄχλος πλεῖστος

a very great crowd gathered before him (adj sense instensified very)

Superlative as comparative

Mat 2128 ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν τέκνα δύο καὶ προσελθὲν τῷ πρώτῳ εἶπεν a man had two sons He came to the first and said

172

(vid Wallace The Basics of New Testament Syntax 132ff for a more complete discussion)

Conjunctions

Conjunctions connect words phrases clauses or sentences Dana and Manteyrsquos classifications according to broader areas of meaning are helpful (Manual Grammar 257)

Temporal

ἄχρι until ὅτε whenἐπεί when πρίν beforeἐπειδή when ὡς when asἕως until

Causal

γάρ for ὅτι becauseδιότι because ὡς sinceἐπεί since ἐπειδή since

Purpose

ἵνα in order thatὅπως in order thatὡς in order that

Result

ὥστε so thatἵνα (may also sometimes mean) so thatὡς so asὅτι so that

Continuative

δέ and now ὅτι thatἵνα that οὖν then now

173

καί and τέ and

Adversative

ἀλλά but μέντοι howeverδέ but οὖν howeverκαί but

Particles

Perschbacher (New Testament Greek Syntax 171ndash84) identifies particles as small indeclinable words that are not prepositions conjunctions adverbs or interjections The following is a list of some of most frequently used particles

ἀμήν so be it truly amenἄν (untranslated occurs with the various moods and often with

relative pronouns)ἄρα therefore thenγέ indeed (emphasizes the word it goes with)ἴδε look notice beholdἰδού look notice beholdμέν indeed (often with the relative pronoun) on the one handναί yes indeed

Adverbs

There are many ways in Greek by which the verb may be modified in an adverbial sense of time manner or place In English an adverb is often designated by the addition of the ndashly ending (he went quickly) We can often convert adjectives into adverbs by adding the ndashly ending (he was an articulate [adj] speaker he spoke articulately [adv])

In Greek we are familiar with several ways the verb may be modified in time manner and place already One may use a participle in an adverbial manner (After leaving the store he went home vid chs 2021 Translating Participlesmdashadverbial sense) Secondly the articular infinitive is also used in an adverbial manner (before Phillip called you I saw you vid ch 22 Articular Infinitives) Thirdly many prepositional phrases have an adverbial verb modifying function and indeed some adverbs actually became more prepositional in their function and are classed as ldquoadverbial prepositionsrdquo (ie ἔξω outside) Indeed some words are classified as both improper prepositions and adverbs and some are marked by the ndashθεν ending (ὀπίσω (prep + genitive=after ὄπισθεν adv ldquofrom behindrdquo)

174

Fourthly as in English where an adjective can be converted into an adverb by changing the ending (articulatearticulately) so in Greek using the genitive plural form an adverb may be formed by shifting the ndashων ending to an ndashως (eg καλῶν [good] becomes καλῶς [well] (Stevens 87f) Finally there are explicit adverbs which help develop the meaning of the verb in time manner and location

Time αὔριον (tomorrow) σήμερον (today) ἐχθές (yesterday) νῦν (now) and τότε (then) πώποτε (ever at any time)

Manner οὕτως (thusin this manner) ταχέως (quickly)

Location ἄνω (above) ἄνωθεν (from above) κάτω (below) ἐκεῖ (there) ἐκεῖθεν (from there) ὧδε (here) ἐντεῦθεν (from there) vid Porter Idioms 125

Clause Type Introduction

We have studied nouns verbs prepositions and other parts of speech After studying single words we must move on to larger grammatical constructions Clauses are a group of connected words that contain a verb Clauses can function substantively (like a noun) adjectivally or adverbially We have already seen clauses in the four types of conditional clauses (if x then y) The following will be an initial exploration into several types of dependent clauses For higher level analysis one will find wonderful resources in S Porterrsquos Idioms of the Greek New Testament (Sheffield 1999) S Levinsohnrsquos Discourse Features of New Testament Greek (SIL 2000) and Katharine Barnwellrsquos Introduction to Semantics and Translation (SIL 1980)

1 Substantive

I do not have what I need (functions as the object)

2 Adjective

He bought the ball that Coach Kessler had signed

3 Adverb

I will come when I have finished playing with Elliott

The various clause types follow The four types of conditional clauses were covered in chapter 23 on the subjunctive verb

Purpose Clauses

175

A purpose clause gives an explanation of the object or goal that was pursued by the main verb They are retrospective looking back and giving an explanation for why something has occured I stopped quickly to avoid running over Zachrsquos bike Greek expresses purpose in at least three ways (Dana and Mantey Manual Grammar 283ndash84)

1 With an infinitive

Μὴ νομίσητε ὅτι ἦλθον καταλύσαι τὸν νόμονDo not think that I came to destroy the law (Mat 517)

2 With ἵνα or ὅπως + subjunctive

ἦλθεν ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτόςHe came that he might bear witness concerning the light (Jn 17)

3 With εἰς or πρός followed by an articular infinitive

ποιοῦσιν πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποιςThey do [them] to be seen by men (Mat 235)

Result Clauses

Result clauses describe the results that flow from the main verb There are several ways in which result clauses are marked in Greek The difference between purpose and result is often subtle in English

1 The most common is ὥστε or ὡς + infinitive

καὶ ἐὰν ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν ὥστε ὄρη μεθιστάναιAnd if I have all faith so as to remove mountains (1 Cor 132)

2 ὥστε or ὅτι + indicative

ὥστε τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκενSo that he gave his unique Son (Jn 316)

Cause Clauses

Cause clauses are prospective looking forward to a goal with intention They are often introduced with ldquobecauserdquo These types of clauses are generally introduced by conjunctions like ὅτι or ἐπεί They can be formed by participles and infintives as well (Porter Idioms 237)

176

For example

Jn 1419 ὅτι ἐγὼ ζῶ καὶ ὑμεῖς ζήσετε because I live you shall also live

Temporal Clauses

There are several ways to form clauses that indicate events taking place before while or after the time of the main verb (Dana and Mantey Manual Grammar 280ndash82)

1 With an indicative verb introduced by various prepositions and particles

when ὅτε ἐπειδή ὡςwhenever ὅτανwhile ἕως ἄχρι οὗuntil ἕως ἄχριsince ὡς οὗ

ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους μετῆρενWhen Jesus had finished these words he departed (Mat 191)

2 With the subjunctive and various prepositions or particles

whenever ὅταν ἐπάνuntil ἕως ἄχρι μέχρι

ἐκεῖ μένετε ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε ἐκεῖθενRemain there [in that place] until you leave there (Mk 610)

3 With πρίν + infinitive indicating ldquobeforerdquo

εἴρηκα ὑμῖν πρὶν γενέσθαιI have told you before it comes to pass (Jn 1429)

4 With a participle

καὶ ἐξελθὼν εἶδεν πολὺν ὄχλονAnd when he came forth he saw the great crowd (Mat 1414)

Vocabulary

δύο two (135)δώδεκα twelve (75)εἷς μία ἕν one (344)ἑκατόν one hundred (11)ἑπτά seven (88)μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no no one (90)

177

οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no no one (234)πέντε five (36)τρεῖς τρία three (68)χιλιάς -άδος ἡ thousand (23)

178

CHAPTER 28Case Revisited


1 recognize and translate the various nuances of the Greek case system (genitive dative)

2 gain more practice in translating and working with Greek3 translate John 111ndash20 and4 master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words

Introduction to Deep Case Structure

In chapter 4 the Greek five-case structure was introduced (nominative genitive dative accusative and vocative) In order to translate correctly one must be aware of the great variation in the ways these cases are utilized in Greek This chapter will show some of the translation options for the genitive and dative cases Context will ultimately determine which option should be employed One of the major problems with having just one year of Greek is a ldquothis equals thatrdquo view of translation This section is meant to expose you to some of the wide variety and numerous possibilities that come with a deeper knowledge of Greek This is a mere introduction to the next level of expanding your understanding of Greek

Genitive Introduction

Until now we have seen the genitive as a case used for possession translated ldquoofrdquo The genitive however is used much more widely than that Its broader meaning is descriptive and often specifies more exactly defines more precisely or limits the scope of the word to which it is connected Thus the genitive has an adjectival function It also functions like an adverb when it specifies time and place

Possessive Genitive

The possessive genitive may be translated ldquoofrdquo or as a possessive noun or pronoun (hisher) Possessive answers whose Descriptive answers which

τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρόςthe motherrsquos womb (Jn 34)

τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦhis glory (Jn 114)

179

Relational Genitive

The relational genitive specifies a family relationship (son parent wife)

ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦhis mother (Jn 25)

Σίμων ἸωάννουSimon [son] of John (Jn 2115)

Μαρία ἡ τοῦ ΚλωπᾶMary the [wife] of Clopas (Jn 1925)

Descriptive Genitive

The descriptive genitive qualifies the noun describing it in more detail

Ὁ ζῆλος τοῦ οἴκου σουthe zeal of your house (Jn 217) [specifies the focus of the zeal]

τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦthe temple of his body (Jn 221)

Subjective Genitive

The word in the genitive functions as the subject or produces the action of the verbal idea implied in the noun it describes

ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκόςthe lust of the flesh (1 Jn 216) [the flesh lusts]

ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶνthe lust of the eyes (1 Jn 216) [the eyes lust]

Objective Genitive

The genitive receives the action It acts like an object to the action of the word it modifies These categories are not mutually exclusive Sometimes a genitive may be both objective and descriptive or just plain ambiguous at times

180

ἡ δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος βλασφημίαthe blasphemy against the Spirit (Mat 1231) [blaspheme the Holy Spirit]

ὁ θερισμὸς τῆς γῆςthe harvest of the earth (Rev 1415) [harvest the earth]

Time Genitive

Genitives of time function like adverbs Genitives of time express time ldquowithin whichrdquo something happens

ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτόςhe came to him during the night (Jn 32)

ἕως τῶν ἡμερῶν Δαυίδuntil the days of David (Acts 745)

Agency Genitive

The agency genitive identifies the agent that has been involved in an action

ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ θεοῦThey shall all be taught by God (Jn 645) (God is the agent teaching)

Deeper into the Dative

In chapter 4 the dative was given as the indirect object case (He hit the ball to Elliott) It is also used to express self-interest means location and point of time

Indirect Object

εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ΛύσατεHe said to them ldquoDestroyrdquo (Jn 219)

Perschbacher (New Testament Greek Syntax 144ndash52) Wallace (Beyond the Basics 137ndash75) and Dana and Mantey (Manual Grammar 83ndash91) provide rich discussions that have been utilized here and that go beyond our present level of discussion Daniel Wallacersquos Basics of New Testament Syntax An Intermediate Greek Grammar (Zondervan

181

2000) and David Blackrsquos Itrsquos Still Greek to Me (Baker 1998) are the most readable and excellent introductions to the next level

Dative of Interest

The dative of interest may express advantage or disadvantage When expressing advantage it may be translated ldquotordquo or ldquoforrdquo When expressing disadvantage ldquoagainstrdquo may be used (Wallace Beyond the Basics 142f)

ὥστε μαρτυρεῖτε ἑαυτοῖςso that you witness against yourselves (Mat 2331)

Μὴ θησαυρίζετε ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆςDo not store up for yourselves treasure on earth (Mat 619)

Dative of Location

The dative is often used with the prepositions ἐν (in) and πρός (to toward) to reference a particular physical location However the dative may also be used alone to indicate location

οἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ πλοιαρίῳ ἦλθονthe disciples came in a small boat (Jn 218)

ὁ δὲ δοῦλος οὐ μένει ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳBut the slave does not remain in the house (Jn 835)

Dative of Sphere

The dative of sphere refers to an abstract realm whereas the dative of location refers to a specific physical location

ἕκαστος καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ καρδίᾳLet each one as he has purposed in [the sphere of his] heart (2 Cor 97)

καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦAnd immediately Jesus knew in [the sphere of] his spirit (Mk 28)

Instrumental Dative

182

The dative often indicates the means by which something happens It can designate the instrument (impersonal) or agent (personal) that performs the action

εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳto the obedience of the Gentiles by word and deed (Rom 1518)

χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοιYou have been saved by grace (Eph 25)

Dative of Time

The dative may be used to refer to a particular point in time in contrast to the genitive which describes time as time within which or time during which

Καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ γάμος ἐγένετοAnd on the third day there was a wedding (Jn 21)

Ἦν δὲ σάββατον ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳAnd it was the Sabbath on that day (Jn 59)

The nominative and accusative could also be explored in this deeper way in any of the intermediate or advanced grammars (Robertson Wallace Moulton Burton DanaMantey or the many Grace Theological Journal articles by James Boyer [vid web site or digital disk] etc) One interesting study which needs to be embarked on is also the various uses of the article (cf S M Baugh A First John Reader (P amp R Publishing 1999 83-92 Dan Wallace is the king of the article as seen in pages 93-128 of his shorter intermediate grammar--The Basics of New Testament Syntax or 206-290 of his massive grammar Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics)

Vocabulary

ἀσπάζομαι I greet (59)δέχομαι I take receive (56)διδάσκαλος -ου ὁ teacher (59)ἐπερωτάω I ask (56)θεωρέω I look at (58)λίθος -ου ὁ stone (59)συνάγω I gather (59)τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον such (57)ὑπάρχω I am exist (60)χαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy (59)

183

CommencementWell the end has finally arrived You have learned the basics of Greek grammar Where do you go from here

There are basically three directions you may want to explore at this point

1 Rapid reading of the New Testament (see the 1 John and John 1-5 easy reader supplied on this disk)

2 Vocabulary development (check out the Vocabulary Builder on the disk It will take you down to all the words used nine times or more in the NT)

3 For more in-depth syntax I suggest Daniel Wallacersquos second-year grammar The Basics of New Testament Syntax [see below] or David Blackrsquos useful guide Itrsquos Still Greek to Me [see below]) Stanley Porterrsquos Idioms of the Greek New Testament and Stephen Levinsohnrsquos Discourse Features of New Testament Greek

Indispensable Books

The Greek New Testament Ed B Aland K Aland J Karavidopoulos C M Martini B M Metzger 4th rev ed Stuttgart United Bible Societies 1993 Usually cited as UBS4 or

Novum Testamentum Graece Ed E and E Nestle B and K Aland J Karavidopoulos C M Martini B M Metzger 27th ed Stuttgart Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 1993 Usually cited as NA27

There is also a copy of the complete WestcottHortRobinson New Testament text

both on the web site and on this disk

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Chrisitan Literature Ed W Bauer F W Danker W F Arndt and F W Gingrich 3d ed (Chicago University of Chicago Press 2000) Expensive but a foundational tool Usually cited as BDAG

Rapid Reading Tools

A rapid reading tool saves you from the drudgery of looking words up in the BDAG Greek lexicon Start with reading John 1ndash5 on the Mastering New Testament Greek disk First John has also been added in an easy-reader style The point of these tools is to help

184

you do pleasure reading in the Greek New Testament Yes it should be a pleasure and a delight

Other Reading Helps

Kubo Sakae A Readerrsquos Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Grand Rapids Zondervan 1975

Perhaps the way I enjoy reading the most is using Bible Works 70 This is the most excellent concordancing reading tool available anywhere It is published by Hermeneutica and currently sells for about $350 It has full texts of the Septuagint New Testament in Greek numerous English Spanish German French Latin and other translations When you run your mouse across a word it automatically gives you the translation and parsing Click on a word and it will do a concordance search for the word in all the Septuagint New Testament or whatever Itrsquos an incredible tool and helps make reading Greek a pure pleasure New Greek concordancingreading programs by Logos Accordance (Mac only) or Bible Windows may also fill a similar software role

Vocabulary Builders

Three slender paperbacks and an ebook list the words of the Greek New Testament by frequency

Hildebrandt Ted Vocabulary Frequency List ebook See the Adobe Acrobat PDF files included on the Mastering New Testament Greek disk at the end of this textbook if you want to print the vocab list and see the Vocabulary Builder if you want an interactive flashcard-like approach on the computer This list teaches you over 1200 of the most frequently used Greek words and itrsquos already on your disk

Metzger Bruce M Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek 3d ed Grand Rapids Baker 1998

Robinson Thomas Mastering Greek Vocabulary Peabody Mass Hendrickson 1991

Trenchard Warren The Studentrsquos Complete Vocabulary Guide to the Greek New Testament Grand Rapids Zondervan 1992

Advanced Studies

Grammars to work with at this point

185

Barnwell Katharine Introduction to Semantics and Translation Horsleys Green UK Summer Institute of Linguistics 1980

Black David Alan Itrsquos Still Greek to Me Grand Rapids Baker 1998 Good for second-year Greek

--- (ed) Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation Essays on Discourse Analysis

Nashville Broadman amp Holman 1992

Boyer Jamessee a series of his excellent articles in the Grace Theological Journal

listed online and on this disk

Burton Ernest De Witt Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek Edinburgh T amp T Clark 1898 [vid web site and this disk]

Carson D A Exegetical Falacies 2nd ed Grand Rapids Baker Book House 1996

Decker Rodney J Temporal Deixis of the Greek Verb in the Gospel of Mark with Reference to Verbal Aspect New York Peter Lang 2001

Duvall J S and George H Guthrie Biblical Greek Exegesis A Graded Approach to Learning Intermediate and Advanced Greek Grand Rapids Zondervan 1998

Erickson Richard A Beginnerrsquos Guide to New Testament Exegesis Downers Grove InterVarsity Press 2005

Fanning Buist M Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek Oxford Clarendon Press 1990

Levinsohn Stephen Discourse Features of New Testament Greek Dallas SIL International 2000

Louw J P Semantics of New Testament Greek Philadelphia Fortress Press 1982

Moulton James H Wilbert F Howard and Nigel Turner A Grammar of New Testament Greek 4 vols Edinburgh T amp T Clark 1908-76

Perschbacher Wesley J New Testament Greek Syntax Chicago Moody 1995 Useful

Porter Stanley Idioms of the Greek New Testament Sheffield Sheffield Academic

Press 1999

186

--- Studies in the Greek New Testament Theory and Practice New York Peter Lang 1996

--- A Handbook to the Exegesis of the New Testament Leiden Brill 2002

Robertson A T A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research Nashville Broadman Press 1923

Silva Moises Biblical Words and Their Meanings An Introduction to Lexical Semantics Grand Rapids Zondervan 1983

Wallace Daniel B Greek Grammar beyond the Basics An Exegetical Syntax of the Greek New Testament Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996 Massive and comprehensive

mdashmdashmdash The Basics of New Testament Syntax An Intermediate Greek Grammar Grand Rapids Zondervan 2000 Greek grammar lite

Workbook Readers

Guthrie George and J S Duvall Biblical Greek Exegesis A Graded Approach to Learning Intermediate and Advanced Greek Grand Rapids Zondervan 1998

Levinsohn Stephen Discourse Features of New Testament Greek Dallas SIL International 2000 A favorite of mine

Mounce William D A Graded Reader of Biblical Greek Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996 This is good for the summer after your first year

Exegetical Dictionaries

For extensive word studies the following dictionaries are very helpful

Balz Horst and Gerhard Schneider eds Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament 3 vols Grand Rapids Eerdmans 1990ndash93

Brown Colin ed New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology 4 vols Grand Rapids Zondervan 1975ndash86 Highly recommended

Kittel Gerhard and Gerhard Friedrich eds Theological Dictionary of the New Testament Trans G W Bromiley 10 vols Grand Rapids Eerdmans 1964ndash76 Heavy See James Barrrsquos critique of TDNT in his book The Semantics of Biblical Language (London Oxford University Press 1961)

187

These dictionary sets are fairly expensive but extremely helpful in their exhaustive treatment of Greek words both in and outside of the New Testament Colin Brown is my favorite

Concordances

Moulton W F and A S Geden A Concordance to the Greek Testament Edinburgh T amp T Clark 1963

Electronic Greek concordances are quite helpful The best is Bible Works 70 (Win) from Hermeneutica (about $350) It allows for advanced grammaticalmorphological searches or simple word searches in any of over thirteen languages Programs by Logos Accordance and Bible Windows should also be explored to see what works best for you

I hope you have enjoyed your study of Greek This is a good time to return to why we have undertaken this endeavor The New Testament tells us about the person and work of Jesus Godrsquos Son It is the story of the journey of an early Christian community called the church Its words come with the power and authority of God and are refreshment for the soul giving eternal guidance that transcends our postmodern culture If you have come to the end of this study hating it because it was hard you have accomplished little If you have come to love the language and now find that one of your greatest joys is to sit and read the pages of the New Testament directly from the Greek text you have gained a valuable resource The goal for this course was to develop a love and passion for reading the New Testament in Greek It has been hard but the best things in life donrsquot come easy You be the judge of how well the goal was accomplished

It has made me laugh when I realize that the computer medium has allowed me to share in your journey and to help you master New Testament Greek Hours and hours of 500 AM typing and editing are finally over I hope this new format brings glory to God and his awesome Son Amen

τὸ τέλοςmdashthe end

188

Works CitedBlack David Alan Itrsquos Still Greek to Me An Easy-to-Understand Guide to Intermediate

Greek Grand Rapids Baker 1998

Dana H E and Julius R Mantey A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament New York Macmillan 1957

Hansen Hardy and Gerald M Quinn Greek An Intensive Course 2d rev ed New York Fordham University Press 1992

Hewitt James A New Testament Greek A Beginning and Intermediate Grammar Peabody Mass Hendrickson 1986

Machen J Gresham New Testament Greek for Beginners New York Macmillan 1923

Mounce William D Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar Grand Rapids Zondervan 1993

Perschbacher Wesley J New Testament Greek Syntax Chicago Moody 1995


Press 1999

Stevens Gerald L New Testament Greek 2d ed Lanham Md University Press of America 1997

Summers Ray Essentials of New Testament Greek Nashville Broadman 1950

Wallace Daniel B Greek Grammar beyond the Basics An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996

Wenham John W The Elements of New Testament Greek Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1965

189

Appendix 1Vocabulary Lists by Chapter

In parentheses is the number of times the word occurs in the Greek New TestamentChapter 1ἄγγελος -ου ὁ angel (175)mdashangelἀμήν truly verily (129)mdashamenἄνθρωπος -ου ὁ man human (550)mdashanthropologyἐγώ I (1175)mdashegoθεός -οῦ ὁ God (1317)mdashtheologyκαί and even also (9153)καρδία -ας ἡ heart (156)mdashcardiacλέγω I say (2354)προφήτης -ου ὁ prophet (144)mdashprophetΧριστός -οῦ ὁ Christ Messiah anointed one (529)mdashChrist

Chapter 2ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother (343)ἀκούω I hear obey (428)δόξα -ης ἡ glory fame (166)ἔχω I have hold (708)κόσμος -ου ἡ world (186)κύριος -ου ὁ lord Lord sir (717)λόγος -ου ὁ word (330)Πέτρος -ου ὁ Peter (156)υἱός -ου ὁ son (377)Φαρισαῖος -ου ὁ Pharisee (98)

Chapter 3ἀλλά but yet (638)ἀπόστολος -ου ὁ apostle sent one (80)βλέπω I see (133)γάρ for then (1041)γινώσκω I know (222)Ἰησοῦς -οῦ ὁ Jesus (917)λαμβάνω I take receive (258)λύω I loose (42)οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ heaven (273)πιστεύω I believe (241)

Chapter 4ἀγαπάω I love (143)γράφω I write (191)δέ but and (2792)δοῦλος -ου ὁ servant slave (124)εὑρίσκω I find (176)

190

ἱερόν -οῦ τό temple (71)λαός -οῦ ὁ people (142)νόμος -ου ὁ law (194)οἶκος -ου ὁ house (114)ὡς as about how (504)

Chapter 5ἀγάπη -ης ἡ love (116)ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth (109)ἁμαρτία -ας ἡ sin (173)βασιλεία -ας ἡ kingdom (162)γραφή -ῆς ἡ writing Scripture (50)ἐγείρω I raise up (144)ἐκκλησία -ας ἡ assembly church (114)ἔργον -ου τό work (169)μαθητής -οῦ ὁ disciple (261)ὥρα -ας ἡ hour (106)

Chapter 6ἀπό from (with gen) (646)διά through (with gen) (667)







Chapter 7ἀγαθός -ή -όν good (102)ἅγιος -α -ον holy (233)δίκαιος -α -ον righteous (79)εἰμί I am (2460)Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jewish a Jew (195)μέγας μεγάλη μέγα great large (243)νεκρός -ά -όν dead (128)οὐ οὐκ οὐχ no not (1606)πρῶτος -η -ον first (155)φωνή -ῆς ἡ voice (139)

Chapter 8αὐτός -ή -ό hesheit (5595)

191

γῆ -ῆς ἡ earth land region (250)ἐγώ ἡμεῖς I we (2666)ἡμέρα -ας ἡ day (389)ὅτι that because (1296)οὖν so then therefore (499)ὄχλος -ου ὁ crowd (175)παρά from (with gen) (194)




Chapter 9ἀποκρίνομαι I answer (231)ἀποστέλλω I send (132)βάλλω I throw (122)γίνομαι I become (669)εἰσέρχομαι I come in (194)ἐξέρχομαι I go out (218)ἔρχομαι I come go (634)θέλω I wish (208)οὕτως thus so (208)πορεύομαι I go (153)

Chapter 10ζωή -ῆς ἡ life (135)θάνατος -ου ὁ death (120)κρίνω I judge (114)μένω I remain (118)μόνος -η -ον only alone (114)νῦν now (147)οὐδέ and not nor (143)Παῦλος -ου ὁ Paul (158)σῴζω I save (106)τότε then (160)

Chapter 11ἀπέρχομαι I go away leave (117)ἐκεῖνος -η -ο that (265)Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jewish a Jew (195)καθώς as just as (182)ὅς ἥ ὅ who which (1365)ὅταν when whenever (123)οὗτος αὗτη τοῦτο this (1388)πάλιν again back (141)Πέτρος -ου ὁ Peter (150)ὑπέρ for about (gen) (150)

above beyond (acc)

192

Chapter 12ἀποθνῄσκω I die (111)ἐκεῖ there (105)ἕως until (146)ἰδού behold (200)ἵνα in order that (663)Ἰωάννης -ου ὁ John (135)μέν on the one hand indeed (179)ὅλος -η -ον whole entire (109)ὅτε when (103)σύν with (with dat) (128)

Chapter 13ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁ man husband (216)βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king (115)δύναμις -εως ἡ power miracle (119)ὄνομα -ματος τό name reputation (231)πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν all each every (1244)πατήρ πατρός ὁ father (413)πίστις πίστεως ἡ faith belief (243)πνεῦμα -ατος τό spirit wind (379)σάρξ σαρκός ἡ flesh body (147)χάρις -ιτος ἡ grace kindness (155)

Chapter 14αἷμα -ματος τό blood (97)αἴρω I raise take up (101)διδάσκω I teach (97)ἴδιος -α -ον onersquos own (114)καλός -ή -όν good (100)μέλλω I am about to intend (109)ὁδός -οῦ ἡ way (101)πολύς πολλή πολύ much many (416)σῶμα -ματος τό body(142)ψυχή -ῆς ἡ soul life (103)

Chapter 15ἄλλος -η -ο other (155)ἄρτος -ου ὁ bread (97)δεῖ it is necessary (101)ἐξουσία -ας ἡ authority (100)ἕτερος -α -ον different (98)ἔτι yet still (93)ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁ eye (100)τέκνον -ου τό child (99)τόπος -ου ὁ place (94)φῶς φωτός τό light (73)

Chapter 16αἰών -ῶνος ὁ age eternity (122)

193

ἀλλήλων one another (100)ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁ high priest (122)γυνή -αικός ἡ woman (215)δύναμαι I can am able (210)ἔθνος -ους τό nation (162)ὅσος -η -ον as great as (110)πόλις -εως ἡ city (162)τέ and and so (215)χείρ χειρός ἡ hand (177)

Chapter 17εἰ if that (504)ἐσθίω I eat (158)ζάω I live (140)ζητέω I seek (117)ἤ or either (343)καλέω I call (148)λαλέω I speak say (296)παρακαλέω I urge exhort (109)πληρόω I complete fill (86)ποιέω I do make (568)

Chapter 18γεννάω I beget (97)δικαιοσύνη -ης ἡ righteousness (92)ἐάν if when (351)εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace (92)οἶδα I know (318)οἰκία -ας ἡ house (93)ὁράω I see (454)περιπατέω I walk live (95)πῶς how (103)φοβέομαι I fear (95)

Chapter 19ἀκολουθέω I follow (90)ἐνώπιον before (94)θάλασσα -ης ἡ sea lake (91)κάθημαι I sit (91)καιρός -οῦ ὁ time (85)οὔτε and not neithernor (87)πίπτω I fall (90)πούς ποδός ὁ foot (93)προσέρχομαι I comego to (86)προσεύχομαι I pray (85)

Chapter 20ἀναβαίνω I go up (82)ἄρχω I rule begin (mid) (86)ἕκαστος -η -ον each every (82)

194

ἐκβάλλω I drive out (81)κἀγώ and I but I (81)καταβαίνω I go down (83)μᾶλλον more rather (81)μήτηρ -ός ἡ mother (83)ὅπου where since (82)ὥστε therefore so that (83)

Chapter 21ἀνοίγω I open (77)βαπτίζω I baptize (77)εὐαγγέλιον -ου τό gospel (76)μαρτυρέω I witness (76)πέμπω I send (79)πονηρός -ά -όν evil bad (78)πρόσωπον -ου τό face (76)σημεῖον -ου τό sign miracle (77)στόμα -ατος τό mouth (78)ὑπάγω I go away (79)

Chapter 22αἰτέω I ask (70)αἰώνιος -ον eternal (71)ἀποκτείνω I kill (74)κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head (75)πίνω I drink (73)πλοῖον -ου τό boat (68)πῦρ -ός τό fire (71)τηρέω I keep guard (70)ὕδωρ -ατος τό water (76)χαίρω I rejoice (74)

Chapter 23ἄγω I lead bring (67)ἀπολύω I set free (66)εἴτε if whether (65)ἐντολή -ῆς ἡ commandment (68)καρπός -οῦ ὁ fruit (66)πιστός -ή -όν faithful (67)πρεσβύτερος -α-ον elder (66)ῥῆμα -ατος τό word (68)σάββατον -ου τό Sabbath (68)φέρω I bear carry (66)

Chapter 24ἀγαπητός -ή -όν beloved (61)γραμματεύς -έως ὁ scribe (63)δαιμόνιον -ου τό demon (63)δοκέω I think (62)δοξάζω I glorify honor (61)

195

ἔξω outside (63)ἐρωτάω I ask (63)θέλημα -ατος τό will (62)θρόνος -ου ὁ throne (62)ὄρος -ους τό mountain (63)

Chapter 25ἀνίστημι I raise erect (108)ἀπόλλυμι I destroy (90)ἀφίημι I let go dismiss (143)δίδωμι I give put (415)ἤδη now already (61)ἵστημι I set stand (154)κηρύσσω I proclaim (61)παραδίδωμι I entrust (119)τίθημι I put place (100)φημί I say (66)

Chapter 26ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς of himheritself (319)ἐμός -ή -όν my mine (76)ἱμάτιον -ου τό garment (60)νύξ νυκτός ἡ night (61)ὅστις ἥτις ὅτι whoever (153)ποῦ where (48)προσκυνέω I worship (60)τις τι someone something (525)τίς τί who which (555)ὧδε here hither (61)

Chapter 27δύο two (135)δώδεκα twelve (75)εἷς μία ἕν one (344)ἑκατόν one hundred (11)ἑπτά seven (88)μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν

no no one (90)

οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν

no no one (234)

πέντε five (36)τρεῖς τρία three (68)χιλιάς -άδος ἡ thousand (23)

Chapter 28ἀσπάζομαι I greet (59)δέχομαι I take receive (56)διδάσκαλος -ου ὁ teacher (59)ἐπερωτάω I ask (56)θεωρέω I look at (58)

196

λίθος -ου ὁ stone (59)συνάγω I gather (59)τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον

such (57)

ὑπάρχω I am exist (60)χαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy (59)


197

Appendix 2Paradigms

Verbs

Present Tense

Present Active Indicative (PAI) ParadigmSingular Plural

1 λύω I looseam loosing λυόμεν We loose are loosing2 λύεις You looseare loosing λύετε You looseare loosing3 λύει Hesheit loosesis

loosingλύουσι(ν) They looseare loosing

Primary Pronominal Suffixes-ω I -ομεν We-εις You (thou) -ετε You (you-all)-ει Hesheit -ουσι(ν) They

Present Middle Indicative Paradigm λύωSingular Plural









MiddlePassive Primary EndingsSingular Plural

1 -ομαι -ομεθα2 -ῃ (-σαι) -εσθε3 -εται -ονται

Present of εἰμίSingular Plural

1 εἰμί I am ἐσμέν We are2 εἶ You are ἐστέ You are3 ἐστί(ν) Hesheit is εἰσί(ν) They are

198

Contract VerbsPresent Active Indicative of ἀγαπάωSingular Plural

1 ἀγαπῶ (αω) I love ἀγαπῶμεν (αομεν) We love2 ἀγαπᾷς (αεις) You love ἀγαπᾶτε (αετε) You love3 ἀγαπᾷ (αει) Hesheit loves ἀγαπῶσι(ν) (αουσι) They love

Present Active Indicative of ποιέωSingular Plural

1 ποιῶ (εω) I do ποιοῦμεν (εομεν) We do 2 ποιεῖς (εεις) You do ποιεῖτε (εετε) You do3 ποιεῖ (εει) Hesheit does ποιοῦσι(ν) (εουσι) They do

Present Active Indicative of πληρόωSingular Plural

1 πληρῶ (οω) I fill πληροῦμεν (οομεν) We fill 2 πληροῖς (οεις) You fill πληροῦτε (οετε) You fill3 πληροῖ (οει) Hesheit fills πληροῦσι(ν) (οουσι) They fill

Present Active Participles3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λύων λύουσα λῦονGen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντοςDat λύοντι λυούσῃ λύοντιAcc λύοντα λύουσαν λῦονPluralNom λύοντες λύουσαι λύονταGen λυόντων λυουσῶν λυόντωνDat λύουσι(ν) λυούσαις λύουσι(ν)Acc λύοντας λυούσας λύοντα

Present MiddlePassive Participles2 1 2

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυόμενος λυομένη λυόμενονGen λυομένου λυομένης λυομένουDat λυομένῳ λυομένῃ λυομένῳAcc λυόμενον λυομένην λυόμενονPluralNom λυόμενοι λυόμεναι λυόμεναGen λυομένων λυομένων λυομένωνDat λυομένοις λυομέναις λυομένοιςAcc λυομένους λυομένας λυόμενα

199

Present Active Participle of εἰμί3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom ὤν οὖσα ὄνGen ὄντος οὔσης ὄντοςDat ὄντι οὔσῃ ὄντιAcc ὄντα οὖσαν ὄνPluralNom ὄντες οὖσαι ὄνταGen ὄντων οὐσῶν ὄντωνDat οὖσι(ν) οὔσαις οὖσι(ν)Acc ὄντας οὔσας ὄντα

Future TenseFuture Active Indicative ParadigmSingular Plural









Future Passive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 λυθήσομαι I will beloosed

λυθησόμεθα We will beloosed

2 λυθήσῃ You will be loosed λυθήσεσθε You will be loosed3 λυθήσεται Hesheit will be

loosedλυθήσονται They will be loosed

Future of εἰμίSingular Plural

1 ἔσομαι I will be ἐσόμεθα We will be2 ἔσῃ You will be ἔσεσθε You will be3 ἔσται Hesheit will be ἔσονται They will be

Imperfect TenseImperfect Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 ἔλυον I was loosing ἐλύομεν We were loosing2 ἔλυες You were loosing ἐλύετε You were loosing

200

3 ἔλυε(ν) Hesheit was loosing ἔλυον They were loosing


1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν

Learn ν ς ε μεν τε ν (n s e men te n)Imperfect MiddlePassive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 ἐλυόμην I was being loosed ἐλυόμεθα We were being loosed2 ἐλύου You were being loosed ἐλύεσθε You were being loosed3 ἐλύετο Hesheit was being loosed ἐλύοντο They were being loosed

Secondary MiddlePassive EndingsSingular Plural

1 -μην -μεθα2 -ου -εσθε3 -το -οντο

Imperfect of εἰμίSingular Plural


Aorist TenseFirst Aorist Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 ἔλυσα I loosed ἐλύσαμεν We loosed2 ἔλυσας You loosed ἐλύσατε You loosed3 ἔλυσε(ν) Hesheit loosed ἔλυσαν They loosed

Note ndash σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as the imperfects except in the first person singular where the ν is dropped

First Aorist Middle Indicative of λύωSingular Plural







First Aorist Passive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural


201

First Aorist Active Participles (recognize these forms) 3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λύσας λύσασα λῦσανGen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντοςDat λύσαντι λυσάσῃ λύσαντιAcc λύσαντα λύσασαν λῦσανPluralNom λύσαντες λύσασαι λύσανταGen λυσάντων λυσασῶν λυσάντωνDat λύσασι(ν) λυσάσαις λύσασι(ν)Acc λύσαντας λυσάσας λύσαντα

First Aorist Middle Participles2 1 2

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυσάμενος λυσαμένη λυσάμενονGen λυσαμένου λυσαμένης λυσαμένουDat λυσαμένῳ λυσαμένῃ λυσαμένῳAcc λυσάμενον λυσαμένην λυσάμενονPluralNom λυσάμενοι λυσάμεναι λυσάμεναGen λυσαμένων λυσαμένων λυσαμένωνDat λυσαμένοις λυσαμέναις λυσαμένοιςAcc λυσαμένους λυσαμένας λυσάμενα

First Aorist Passive Participles3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθένGen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντοςDat λυθέντι λυθείσῃ λυθέντιAcc λυθέντα λυθεῖσαν λυθένPluralNom λυθέντες λυθεῖσαι λυθένταGen λυθέντων λυθεισῶν λυθέντωνDat λυθεῖσι(ν) λυθείσαις λυθεῖσι(ν)Acc λυθέντας λυθείσας λυθέντα

Second Aorist Active Indicative of λαμβάνωSingular Plural

1 ἔλαβον I took ἐλάβομεν We took2 ἔλαβες You took ἐλάβετε You took3 ἔλαβε(ν) Hesheit took ἔλαβον They took

Note ν σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as the imperfects

202

Second Aorist Middle Indicative of γίνομαιSingular Plural

1 ἐγενόμην I became ἐγενόμεθα We became2 ἐγένου You became ἐγένεσθε You became3 ἐγένετο Hesheit became ἐγένοντο They became

Note μην ου το μεθα εσθε οντο endings are the same as the imperfects

Perfect TensePerfect Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 λέλυκα I have loosed λελύκαμεν We have loosed2 λέλυκας You have loosed λελύκατε You have loosed3 λέλυκε(ν) Hesheit has loosed λελύκασι(ν) They have loosed

Perfect MiddlePassive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural

1 λέλυμαι I have been loosed λελύμεθα We have been loosed2 λέλυσαι You have been loosed λέλυσθε You have been loosed3 λέλυται Hesheit has been

loosedλέλυνται They have been loosed

Perfect Active Participles3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκόςGen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότοςDat λελυκότι λελυκυίᾳ λελυκότιAcc λελυκότα λελυκυῖαν λελυκόςPluralNom λελυκότες λελυκυῖαι λελυκόταGen λελυκότων λελυκυιῶν λελυκότωνDat λελυκόσι(ν) λελυκυίας λελυκόσι(ν)Acc λελυκότας λελυκυίας λελυκότα

Perfect MiddlePassive Participles2 1 2

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυμένος λελυμένη λελυμένονGen λελυμένου λελυμένης λελυμένουDat λελυμένῳ λελυμένῃ λελυμένῳAcc λελυμένον λελυμένην λελυμένονPluralNom λελυμένοι λελυμέναι λελυμέναGen λελυμένων λελυμένων λελυμένωνDat λελυμένοις λελυμέναις λελυμένοιςAcc λελυμένους λελυμένας λελυμένα

203

Infinitive FormsPresent InfinitiveActive Middle Passiveλύειν λύεσθαι λύεσθαι

First Aorist InfinitiveActive Middle Passiveλῦσαι λύσασθαι λυθῆναι

Second Aorist Infinitive (λείπω to leave)Active Middle Passiveλιπεῖν λιπέσθαι λειφθῆναι

Perfect InfinitiveActive Middle Passiveλελυκέναι λελύσθαι λελύσθαι

Present Infinitive of εἰμί εἶναι

Subjunctive MoodPresent Subjunctive of λύω

Active Singular Plural1 λύω λύωμεν2 λύῃς λύητε3 λύῃ λύωσι(ν)

MiddlePassive Singular Plural1 λύωμαι λυώμεθα2 λύῃ λύησθε3 λύηται λύωνται

First Aorist Subjunctive of λύωActive Singular Plural

1 λύσω λύσωμεν2 λύσῃς λύσητε3 λύσῃ λύσωσι(ν)

Middle Singular Plural1 λύσωμαι λυσώμεθα2 λύσῃ λύσησθε3 λύσηται λύσωνται

Passive Singular Plural1 λυθῶ λυθῶμεν2 λυθῇς λυθῆτε3 λυθῇ λυθῶσι(ν)

Second Aorist Active Subjunctive Forms of λείπω (to leave fall short) (no sigma)

Singular Plural1 λίπω λίπωμεν

204

2 λίπῃς λίπητε3 λίπῃ λίπωσι(ν)

Subjunctive of εἰμίSingular Plural1 ὦ ὦμεν2 ᾖς ἦτε3 ᾖ ὦσι(ν)

Imperative MoodPresent Imperative of λύω

Active Singular Plural2 λῦε λύετε3 λυέτω λυέτωσαν

MiddlePassive Singular Plural2 λύου λύεσθε3 λυέσθω λυέσθωσαν

First Aorist Imperative of λύωActive PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural2 λῦσον λύσατε λύθητι λύθητε3 λυσάτω λυσάτωσαν λυθήτω λυθήτωσανMiddleSingular Plural2 λῦσαι λύσασθε3 λυσάσθω λυσάσθωσαν

Second Aorist Imperative of λείπω (I leave) Active PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural1 λίπε λίπετε λείφθητι λείφθητε2 λιπέτω λιπέτωσαν λειφθήτω λειφθήτωσανMiddleSingular Plural1 λιποῦ λίπεσθε2 λιπέσθω λιπέσθωσαν

Imperative of εἰμίSingular Plural2 ἴσθι ἔστε3 ἔστω ἔστωσαν

205

-μι Verbs

δίδωμι Paradigms (I give [root δο])Active Indicatives

Present Imperfect Future Aorist PerfectSingular1 δίδωμι ἐδίδουν δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα2 δίδως ἐδίδους δώσεις ἔδωκας δέδωκας3 δίδωσι(ν) ἐδίδου δώσει ἔδωκε(ν) δέδωκε(ν)Plural1 δίδομεν ἐδίδομεν δώσομεν ἐδώκαμεν δεδώκαμεν2 δίδοτε ἐδίδοτε δώσετε ἐδώκατε δεδώκατε3 διδόασι(ν) ἐδίδοσαν δώσουσι(ν) ἔδωκαν δέδωκαν

Present MiddlePassive Indicative (note how regular)


Other MoodsActivePresent Subjunctive

Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative

Singular1 διδῶ δῶ mdash mdash2 διδῷς δῷς δίδου δός3 διδῷ δῷ διδότω δότωPlural1 διδῶμεν δῶμεν mdash mdash2 διδῶτε δῶτε δίδοτε δότε3 διδῶσι(ν) δῶσι(ν) διδότωσαν δότωσαν

Present Infinitive Aorist InfinitiveActive διδόναι δοῦναιMiddle δίδοσθαι δόσθαιPassive δίδοσθαι δοθῆναι

Present ParticiplesActive Masc Fem NeutNom διδούς διδοῦσα διδόνGen διδόντος διδούσης διδόντοςMidPassNom διδόμενος διδομένη διδόμενονGen διδομένου διδομένης διδομένου

206

Aorist Participles (just pop the δι off the present ptc)Active Masc Fem NeutNom δούς δοῦσα δόνGen δόντος δούσης δόντοςMiddleNom δόμενος δομένη δόμενονGen δομένου δομένης δομένουPassiveNom δοθείς δοθεῖσα δοθένGen δοθέντος δοθείσης δοθέντος

Perfect Participles (shift the δι to δε + perf κοτκυι )Active Masc Fem NeutNom δεδωκώς δεδωκυῖα δεδωκόςGen δεδωκότος δεδωκυίας δεδωκότοςMidPass no perf κNom δεδόμενος δεδομένη δεδόμενονGen διδομένου δεδομένης δεδομένου

Other -μι Verb ParadigmsPresent Active Indicative

Singular1 ἵστημι τίθημι δείκνυμι2 ἵστης τίθης δείκνυςδεικνύεις3 ἵστησι(ν) τίθησι(ν) δείκνυσι(ν)Plural1 ἵσταμεν τίθεμεν δείκνυμεν2 ἵστατε τίθετε δείκνυτε3 ἱστᾶσι(ν) τιθέασι(ν) δεικνύασι(ν)

Second Declension Nouns

Masculine Second Declension Forms (Stem Ending in ο)Singular Plural

Nom λόγος a word λόγοι words (subject of sentence)Gen λόγου of a word λόγων of words (possessive)Dat λόγῳ to a word λόγοις to words (indirect object)Acc λόγον a word λόγους words (direct object)Voc λόγε O word λόγοι O words (direct address)

Neuter Second Declension Forms (Stem Ending in ο) ἱερόν = temple

Singular PluralNom ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (subject of sentence)

207

Gen ἱεροῦ of a temple ἱερῶν of temples (possessive)Dat ἱερῷ to a temple ἱεροῖς to temples (indirect object)Acc ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (direct object)Voc ἱερόν O temple ἱερά O temples (direct address)

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in η) γραφή = writing Scripture

Singular PluralNom γραφή a writing γραφαί writings (subject of sentence)Gen γραφῆς of a writing γραφῶν of writings (possessive)Dat γραφῇ to a writing γραφαῖς to writings (indirect object)Acc γραφήν a writing γραφάς writings (direct object)Voc γραφή O writing γραφαί O writings (direct address)

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in α) ὥρα = hour

Singular PluralNomVoc ὥρα hour ὧραι hours (subject of sentence)Gen ὥρας of an hour ὡρῶν of hours (possessive)Dat ὥρᾳ for an hour ὥραις for hours (indirect object)Acc ὥραν hour ὥρας hours (direct object)

Masculine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in η) προφήτης = prophet


Third Declension Nouns

Kappa Final Stems σάρξ σαρκός (flesh)

Singular PluralNomVoc σάρξ σάρκεςGen σαρκός σαρκῶνDat σαρκί σαρξί(ν)Acc σάρκα σάρκας

TauDelta Final Stems χάρις χάριτος ἡ (grace)

Singular PluralNomVoc χάρις χάριτεςGen χάριτος χαρίτωνDat χάριτι χάρισι(ν)Acc χάριτα χάριτας

Iota Final Stems

208

πίστις πίστεως ἡ (faith)Singular Plural

NomVoc πίστις πίστειςGen πίστεως πίστεωνDat πίστει πίστεσι(ν)Acc πίστιν πίστεις

-ματ Final Stems ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό (name)

Singular PluralNomVoc ὄνομα ὀνόματαGen ὀνόματος ὀνομάτωνDat ὀνόματι ὀνόμασι(ν)Acc ὄνομα ὀνόματα

πᾶς (all)Singular PluralMasc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


Definite Article (ldquotherdquo) FormsSingular PluralMasc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


209


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down

Adjectives

Paradigm of ἀγαθός (good)2 1 2

Singular Masc Fem NeutNom ἀγαθός ἀγαθή ἀγαθόνGen ἀγαθοῦ ἀγαθῆς ἀγαθοῦDat ἀγαθῷ ἀγαθῇ ἀγαθῷAcc ἀγαθόν ἀγαθήν ἀγαθόνPluralNom ἀγαθοί ἀγαθαί ἀγαθάGen ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶνDat ἀγαθοῖς ἀγαθαῖς ἀγαθοῖςAcc ἀγαθούς ἀγαθάς ἀγαθά

210

Paradigm for adjectives ending in ε ι or ρ δίκαιος (righteous)2 1 2

Singular Masc Fem NeutNom δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιονGen δικαίου δικαίας δικαίουDat δικαίῳ δικαίᾳ δικαίῳAcc δίκαιον δικαίαν δίκαιονVoc δίκαιε δικαία δίκαιονPluralNomVoc δίκαιοι δίκαιαι δίκαιαGen δικαίων δικαίων δικαίωνDat δικαίοις δικαίαις δικαίοιςAcc δικαίους δικαίας δίκαια

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

First Person ParadigmSingular Plural


Second Person ParadigmSingular Plural

Nom σύ you ὑμεῖς you (you-all)Gen σου of youyour ὑμῶν yourDat σοι tofor you ὑμῖν tofor youAcc σε you ὑμᾶς you

Third Person Paradigm Three Genders Masculine

Singular PluralNom αὐτός he αὐτοί theyGen αὐτοῦ his αὐτῶν theirDat αὐτῷ tofor him αὐτοῖς tofor themAcc αὐτόν him αὐτούς them



211






οὗτος (thisthese)Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


Relative Pronouns

ὅς (whowhich)Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


Reflexive Pronouns



212

Second Person (yourself)Singular PluralMasc Fem Masc Fem


Third Person (himselfherselfitself) Singular Plural2 1 2 2 1 2Masc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


213

Appendix 3Chapter SummariesChapter 1 Summary The Alphabet

α Α Alpha sounds like ldquoardquo in fatherβ Β Beta sounds like ldquobrdquo in Bibleγ Γ Gamma sounds like ldquogrdquo in goneδ Δ Delta sounds like ldquodrdquo in dogε Ε Epsilon sounds like ldquoerdquo in metζ Ζ Zeta sounds like ldquozrdquo in daze when it begins a word dz when itrsquos in the

middle of a wordη Η Eta sounds like ldquoerdquo in obeyθ Θ Theta sounds like ldquothrdquo in thinkι Ι Iota short sounds like the ldquoirdquo in sit

Iota long sounds like the ldquoirdquo in machineIn initial position on Hebrew name it sounds like a ldquoyrdquo

κ Κ Kappa sounds like ldquokrdquo in kitchenλ Λ Lambda sounds like ldquolrdquo in lawμ Μ Mu sounds like ldquomrdquo in motherν Ν Nu sounds like ldquonrdquo in newξ Ξ Xsi sounds like ldquoxrdquo in axeο Ο Omicron sounds like ldquoordquo in not

Some pronounce it like modern Greek long ldquoordquo as in ldquoobeyrdquoπ Π Pi sounds like ldquoprdquo in peachρ Ρ Rho sounds like ldquorrdquo in rodσ Σ Sigma sounds like ldquosrdquo in set


τ Τ Tau sounds like ldquotrdquo in talkυ Υ Upsilon sounds like ldquourdquo in ldquouniverserdquoφ Φ Phi sounds like ldquophrdquo in phoneχ Χ Chi sounds like ldquochrdquo in chemicalψ Ψ Psi sounds like ldquopsrdquo in lipsω Ω Omega sounds like ldquoordquo in tone

Vowels Short ε ο Long η ω Either α ι υ Eight diphthongs αιmdashai as in aisle ειmdashei as in eight οιmdashoi as in oil υιmdashui as in suite

αυmdashau as in sauerkaut ευ ηυmdasheu as in feud ουmdashou as in soup (two letters one sound)

Iota subscripts ᾳ ῃ ῳ Nasal gamma g sound changes to an n sound when put before γ κ χ ξ ἀγγελός

pronounced ldquoangelosrdquo This is called a ldquonasal gammardquo

214

Appendix 3 Chapter Summaries

Chapter 2 Summary Accents Syllables and English Grammar

Four Syllable Rules1 A consonant or pronounceable consonant cluster (ie any consonant combination that can

begin a Greek word) goes with the vowel that follows it2 Split two consonants if they are the same letter or if they create an unpronounceable

combination (ie any consonant combination that cannot begin a Greek word)3 Split two vowels (except for diphthongs) allowing only one vowel or diphthong per

syllable4 Split compound words into their original parts before applying the rules of syllable

division

Syllable NamesAntepenult Penult Ultima

κό σμος worldπρο φή της prophetἀ δελ φός brother

Three Accents1 Acute ( ´) angles upward originally indicating a rising pitch λέγω2 Grave ( `) angles downward originally indicating a falling pitch ἀδελφὸς3 Circumflex ( ῀) angles upward then downward originally indicating a rising then falling

pitch αὐτοῦ

Potential Accent Placement1 Acute may occur on any of the last three syllables2 Circumflex may occur only on the last two syllables (but only if the vowel is long)3 Grave may occur only on the last syllable

Six Accent Rules1 Nouns are retentive They attempt to keep their accents on the syllable of the base form2 Verbs are recessive Their accent recedes toward the first syllable as far as possible3 If the ultima is long then the antepenult cannot be accented4 If the ultima is long and the penult is accented then that accent must be an acute5 If the ultima is short and the penult is both long and accented that accent must be a

circumflex6 If an acute is on the ultima it becomes a grave when followed by another word

Words with No Accents1 Proclitic comes before the word that carries the accent ὁ λόγος2 Enclitic comes after the word that carries the accent πρῶτός μου

Breathing Marks1 Smooth breathing ( ᾽) does not affect pronunciation ἀδελφός2 Rough breathing ( ‛) adds an ldquohrdquo sound before the sound of the initial vowel υἱός

215


Punctuation Marks1 Period ( ) λόγος2 Comma ( ) λόγος3 Colon ( ) λόγος4 Question Mark ( ) λόγος

ApostropheVowels that drop out are marked with an apostrophe (eg itrsquos)


Coronisκαί + ἐγώ becomes κἀγώ (Jn 131 33) (internal breathing mark)

Diaeresis ( )Ἠ σα ΐ ας Isaiah (Jn 123) (shows a vowel is pronounced separately)

Quick Review of English Grammar Parts of Speech1 Noun names a person place thing or idea (eg book)2 Adjective is a word used to qualify the meaning of the noun (eg good book)3 Definite Article is a word that specifies a particular noun (eg the book) The indefinite

article is ldquoardquo4 Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun (eg the book it)5 Preposition is a relational word that connects an object (often a noun) to its antecedent

(eg in the book)6 Verb is often an action or state-of-being word that makes a statement asks a question or

gives a command (eg read)7 Adverb qualifies the meaning of the verb (eg read quickly)8 Particle is indeclinable and assists in expressing the meaning of the sentence

Sentence Parts (Σψνταχ)The sentence is divided into two parts

1 Subject about which something is said Terry went to the store2 Predicate what is said about the subject Joy walked home Predicate Nominative It is I

PhraseA phrase is a group of words used as a single part of speech (eg Read in the morning)

ClauseA clause is a group of words that includes a subject and predicate A clause has a verb a phrase

does not (eg The person who owns the store)

Vanquishing VerbsTense generally describes the time of action (present future past) However Greek tenses are

used to denote aspect or type of action rather than time Joy walks everyday (present tense)Aspect denotes the type of action

In progress immediacy foregrounded (the event as a process) I was studyingComplete whole (the event simply happened) I studied

216


Perfect (the event happened with effects continuing into the present) I have studied

Voice shows who does or receives the action of the verb

Active Subject does the action Zachary shot the ballMiddle Subject does action on or for itself Zachary was hitPassive Subject is acted upon Zachary hit himself

Mood shows how something is said

Indicative Statement of fact He learned Greek wellSubjunctive Desire prossible He may learn Greek wellImperative Command Learn GreekOptative Wish remote possibility Oh that you might learn Greek

NounsNouns in Greek have gender number and caseGender The Greek has masculine feminine and neuter gendersNumber As an ldquosrdquo often marks an English word as being plural Greek has likewise endings

that mark whether a noun is singular or plural (eg book books)

Case In English we have three cases that are seen in how we use our pronouns1 Subjective or Nominative Case

She = subject (She did it)2 Objective or Accusative Case

Her = object (The car hit her)3 Possessive or Genitive Case

Hers = possessive (The car was hers)

Greek adds two more cases4 Dative case The case marking the indirect object

(I told the story to the apostles)5 Vocative case The case of direct address

(O Lord save me)

217


Chapter 3 Summary Present Active Verbs

Verbs are words of action or state of beingTense Present past future (I swim I swam I will swim) In Greek tense forms are used not so

much to refer to time (when the event happened) but to aktionsart (how the action takes place [punctiliar durative iterative inceptive gnomicomnitemporal timeless) but most of all to aspect (how the writer portrays the action of the verb) Presentimperfect progress immediacy description foregrounding aorist wholecomplete background and perfectpluperfect state of affairs frontgrounding dwelt upon action

Voice1 Active voice The subject does the action of the verb (He hit the ball)2 Passive voice The subject receives the action of the verb (He was hit by the ball)3 Middle voice Emphasizes the subjectrsquos particpation in the action of the verb (most

frequently translated active) for the interest or benefit of the subject (loose [for herself] more rarely the subject acts on himherself (reflexive) or members of a group interact among themselves (reciprocal) Middles will usually be translated active Some consider many of the middles as deponent (missing the active form) hence they are translated as active as well

MoodMood refers to the kind of reality of the action or how the action of the verb is regarded

1 Indicative mood The verb portrays reality or indicates that something simply happened2 Imperative mood The verb gives a command entreaty or exhortation3 Subjunctive mood The verb expresses a wish possibility or potentiality

Person1 First person indicates the person(s) speaking (I studied Greek)2 Second person indicates the person(s) spoken to (you [singular or plural]) (You studied

Greek)3 Third person indicates the person(s) or thing(s) spoken about (he she they it) (She

studied Greek)

Number and AgreementVerbs must agree with their subjects in both person and number

He rides the wave They ride the wave

TranslationWe will translate the Present tense either undefined (event simply happens) or continuous aspect

(event was a process) The present tense form however can refer to events past present future omnitemporal or timeless It is important to realize that aspect seems to be more the function of the present tense form (progress immediacy description foregrounding material) The time will be more a function of the adverbial prepositional or conjunctions of the context than of the strict tense form

1 Undefined action I loose I run2 Continuous action I am loosing I am running

218


Historical PresentGreek will often use the present tense to reference an event that actually happened in the past

Present Active Indicative (PAI) ParadigmSingular Plural1 λύω I looseam loosing λυόμεν We loose are loosing2 λύεις You looseare loosing λύετε You looseare loosing3 λύει Hesheit loosesis loosing λύουσι(ν) They looseare loosing

Pronominal Suffixes-ω I -ομεν we-εις you -ετε you (you-all)-ει hesheit -ουσι(ν) they

Movable Nu (ν )Sometimes a nu ( ν ) is added to the end of words ending in σι or ε especially when it is

followed by a word that begins with a vowel

Parsing FormatTense voice mood person number lexical from English meaning

λύω PAI 1 sg from λύω ldquoI loose destroyrdquo

219


Chapter 4 Summary Second Declension Nouns

A noun is commonly defined as a word that stands for a person place or thingNatanya = person store = place book = thing

Declensions First Second ThirdA declension is a grouping of nouns that are inflected with a shared set of endings

1 First declension nouns are characterized by an η or α and are mostly feminine2 The second declension nouns are characterized by an ο as the final letter of the stem They

are largely masculine or neuter3 Third declension nouns have stems that end in a consonant

Article ldquotherdquoGreek nouns are assumed to be indefinite unless marked by the definite article (ldquotherdquo) ὁ =

masculine (ldquotherdquo) ἡ = feminine (ldquotherdquo) τό = neuter (ldquotherdquo) The article can also at points be translated as a personal pronoun (I you hesheit they) a demonstrative pronoun (thisthatthesethose) or a relative pronoun (whowhich) Sometimes with names and abstracts it is best left untranslated

GenderGreek nouns are masculine feminine or neuter in gender Often this gender is more a syntactic

feature than a metaphysical statement as many inanimate objects are given grammatical gender Gender is indicated by the definite article

Number and AgreementAs in English Greek has both singular and plural nouns The verb must match the number of the

subject noun the same way as in English Students love Greek The student loves Greek

Case Inflectional FormsThere are five inflectional forms that mark the various cases or roles that nouns play in

sentences

Nominative form marks the subject of the sentence Music calms the heart

Genitive form expresses a description or possessionThe Pharisee went to the house of God

Dative form marks the indirect object agency location etc (to by for at with)He spoke a word to the apostle

Accusative form indicates the object of the sentenceJoy saw the ball

Vocative form is used for direct addressO Lord how majestic is your name

220


Masculine Second Declension Forms λόγος = word

Singular PluralNom λόγος a word λόγοι words (subject of sentence)Gen λόγου of a word λόγων of words (possessive)Dat λόγῳ to a word λόγοις to words (indirect object)Acc λόγον a word λόγους words (direct object)Voc λόγε O word λόγοι O words (direct address)

Neuter Second Declension Forms ἱερόν = temple

Singular PluralNom ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (subject of sentence)Gen ἱεροῦ of a temple ἱερῶν of temples (possessive)Dat ἱερῷ to a temple ἱεροῖς to temples (indirect object)Acc ἱερόν a temple ἱερά temples (direct object)Voc ἱερόν O temple ἱερά O temples (direct address)

221


Chapter 5 Summary First Declension Nouns

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in η)Singular Plural

Nom γραφή a writing γραφαί writings (subject of sentence)Gen γραφῆς of a writing γραφῶν of writings (possessive)Dat γραφῇ to a writing γραφαῖς to writings (indirect object)Acc γραφήν a writing γραφάς writings (direct object)Voc γραφή O writing γραφαί O writings (direct address)

Feminine First Declension Forms (Stem Ending in α)ὥρα = hour


Masculine First Declension Formsπροφήτης = prophet


The Articleλόγος ldquowordrdquo or ldquoa wordrdquo Nom sg masc (Acts 1315)ὁ λόγος ldquothe wordrdquo Nom sg masc (Jn 11)

Article FormsSingular PluralMasc Fem Neut Masc Fem Neut


222


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down


Chapter 6 Summary Prepositions

Definition of PrepositionPrepositions are usually small function words that link or relate two words together Often they

tell position in space or time Put the book on the table

Prepositional PhraseA phrase is a string of closely connected wordsA prepositional phrase is usually composed of a preposition followed by a noun which is called

the object of the preposition


223


Memory Verse John 11Ἐν ἀρχῃ ἦν ὁ λόγοςin beginning was the Word


224


Chapter 7 Summary Adjectives

DefinitionAn adjective is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun The soft snow

Three Uses of Adjectives1 An attributive adjective attributes a characteristic to the noun it modifies The good book2 A predicate adjective assigns a characteristic to the subject of the sentence The book is

good3 As a substantive an adjective acts independently as a noun itself The good die young

Adjective Paradigm ἀγαθός (good)


Attributive position = Adjective has articleὁ ἀγαθὸς λόγος the good wordὁ λόγος ὁ ἀγαθός the good word

Predicate position = Adjective has no articleἀγαθὸς ὁ λόγος the word is goodὁ λόγος ἀγαθὸς the word is good

Substantive use Adjective used as a nounThe substantive use often has the article

οἱ δὲ δίκαιοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιονand the righteous unto eternal life (Mat 2546)

Present Indicative of ἐιμίSingular Pluralεἰμί I am ἐσμέν We areεἶ You are ἐστέ You areἐστί(ν) Hesheit is εἰσί(ν) They are

οὐ οὐκ and οὐχ1 οὐ before a consonant2 οὐκ before a vowel with a smooth breathing mark and3 οὐχ before a vowel with a rough breathing mark

225



καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόνand the Word was with the God

καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγοςand God was the word

Note ὁ λόγος is the subject of the last clause

226


Chapter 8 Summary Personal Pronouns

Definition A pronoun is a word that stands in place of a noun usually for brevity or to avoid repetition The person or object to which the pronoun refers is called its ldquoantecedentrdquo It (the ball) hit him (Elliott) in the head

Types of Pronouns1 Personal pronouns stand in for a person Bill did it He was there2 Demonstrative pronouns point to a person or object that is near (thisthese) or far

(thatthose) This book belongs to that student3 Relative pronouns relate a subordinate clause to a noun It is a great person who attempts

to master Greek4 Reciprocal pronouns state an interchange between two thingspersons They loved one

another5 Reflexive pronouns direct the action of the verb back to the subject She hid herself behind

the door6 Interrogative pronouns ask a question Who broke the chair

First Person Pronoun ParadigmSingular Plural


Second Person Pronoun ParadigmSingular Plural


Pronoun Enclitics Many personal pronouns are enclitics (eg μου μοι με σου σοι σε)

Declension Format Person + Case + Numberἐγώ First nominative singular (I)σοί Second dative singular (to you)

Third Person Pronoun Paradigm 3 Genders Masculine


227






Three Usesαὐτός can be used in three ways

1 As a pronoun matching its antecedent in number and gender and translated as ldquoherdquo ldquosherdquo ldquoitrdquo or ldquotheyrdquo

2 As a reflexive intensifier when αὐτός is used as an adjective in the predicate position (usually in the nominative case) it is translated reflexively (eg he himself will get the car)

3 Adjective meaning ldquosamerdquo when αὐτός is used in the attributive position

228


Chapter 9 Summary Present MiddlePassive Verbs

Definitions There are two voices in EnglishIn the active voice the subject of the sentence does the action Zach hits the ballIn the passive voice the subject is acted on by the verb Zach was hit by the ballAktionsart Punctiliar (single point in time) Zach is hit by the ball

Continuous Zach is being hit by the ballThe middle has two functions

1 As a true middle it is translated as active emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the action of the verb Some see most middles (75 percent) are deponent and should be translated as active (Mounce) ldquoTanya splashed Rebekahrdquo

2 As expressing self-interest (you loose [for yourself]) or rarely reflexive sense (he loosed himself)

Present Middle Indicative Paradigm λύωSingular Plural1 λύομαι I am loosing

(for myself)λυόμεθα We are loosing

(for ourselves)2 λύῃ You are loosing

(for yourself)λύεσθε You are loosing

(for yourselves)3 λύεται Hesheit is loosing

(for himselfherselfitself)λύονται They are loosing

(for themselves)

Present Passive Indicative ParadigmSingular Plural1 λύομαι I am being loosed λυόμεθα We are being loosed2 λύῃ You are being loosed λύεσθε You are being loosed 3 λύεται Hesheit is being loosed λύονται They are being loosed

Present MiddlePassive Indicative Primary EndingsSingular Plural1 -ομαι -ομεθα2 -ῃ (-σαι) -εσθε3 -εται -ονται

ldquoDeponentrdquo VerbsDeponent verbs are middle in form but translated as actives This is a debated topic in Greek

Others including this writer will simply take most of these forms as true middles (emphasizing the subjectrsquos participation in the aciton of the verb and translating them active) They have no active form and are easy to tell in vocabulary lists because they have the middle ending -ομαι

Frequently Used ldquoDeponentrdquo Verbsἀποκρίνομαι I answer (231)εἰσέρχομαι I come in (194)ἔρχομαι I come go (634)ἐξέρχομαι I go out (218)γίνομαι I become (669)πορεύομαι I go (132)

229


Accompanying CasesOften with passives there is a need to express the agent instrument or means by which the

subject is acted on by1 using ὑπό or διά with the genitive to expresses agency (eg Elliott was hit by Zach) or2 using the dative case to indicate means or instrument The translation will use ldquowithrdquo or

ldquobyrdquo (eg Elliott was hit by the ball)

Compound Verbsἔρχομαι I go in enterεἰσέρχομαι I go in enter (εἰς prefix)ἐξέρχομαι I go out leave ἐκ prefix)διέρχομαι I go through (διά prefix)

230


Chapter 10 Summary Future Verbs

IntroductionIn the present tense we say ldquoWe go to collegerdquoIn the past we say ldquoWe went to collegerdquoIn the future we say ldquoWe will go to collegerdquo

Future Active Indicative Paradigm λύωSingular Plural1 λύσω I will loose λύσομεν We will loose2 λύσεις You will loose λύσετε You will loose3 λύσει Hesheit will loose λύσουσι(ν) They will loose

Future Middle Indicative ParadigmSingular Plural1 λύσομαι I will loose

(for myself)λυσόμεθα We will loose

(for ourselves)2 λύσῃ You will loose

(for yourself) λύσεσθε You will loose

(for yourselves)3 λύσεται Heshe it will loose

(for himselfherselfitself)λύσονται They will loose

(for themselves)

Future Connective σ TransformationsVelars Dentalsκ γ or χ + σ = ξ τ δ or θ + σ = σLabials Liquid (Lemoners)π β or φ + σ = ψ λ μ ν or ρ + σ = ῶSibilantsσ or ζ + σ = σ

Future of the Verb of Being εἰμί (I am) Singular Plural1 ἔσομαι I will be ἐσόμεθα We will be2 ἔσῃ You will be ἔσεσθε You will be3 ἔσται Hesheit will be ἔσονται They will be

ldquoDeponentrdquo (lacking an active form) FuturesSometimes there are verbs that in the present tense are not deponent but in the future they are

Present Futureἀκούω ἀκούσομαι I will hearλαμβάνω λήμψομαι I will take receiveγινώσκω γνώσομαι I will know

Irregular FuturesPresent Futureἔρχομαι ἐλεύσομαι I will come goγινώσκω γνώσομαι I will knowλέγω ἐρῶ I will say

231


Chapter 11 Summary Demonstrative Relative Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns

Demonstrative PronounsDemonstratives are pointers They point to things near (ldquothistheserdquo) or things far (ldquothatthoserdquo)

ldquoTheserdquo and ldquothoserdquo are the plural forms

ἐκεῖνος that (plural = those)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (plural = these)





Relative PronounsRelative pronouns are words like who whom which that and whose



ReflexiveReciprocal PronounsReflexive pronouns are used to indicate that the antecedent is acting on itself This is similar to

one of the functions of the middle voice in GreekTerry threw himself into the water from the bridge

Reciprocal pronouns are used to indicate that several subjects are acting on each other ἀλλήλων(ldquoone anotherrdquo) is the reciprocal pronoun

232


Reflexive PronounsFirst Person (myself)

Singular Plural2 1 2 1Masc Fem Masc Fem


Second Person (yourself)Singular Plural2 1 2 1Masc Fem Masc Fem




233


Chapter 12 Summary Imperfect Verbs

Greek ImperfectThe Greek imperfect tense is used for unfolding action in progress or dwelled upon action In

English it will usually be translated with the helping verb waswere + the participle form of the verb (eg was singing)

Augment + Verb stem + Connecting vowel +

Secondary active endings


The connecting vowel ο before μ and ν and ε elsewhere

Imperfect Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural1 ἔλυον I was loosing ἐλύομεν We were loosing2 ἔλυες You were loosing ἐλύετε You were loosing3 ἔλυε(ν) Hesheit was loosing ἔλυον They were loosing

Secondary Active EndingsSingular Plural1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν

Learn ἔλυον ς ε μεν τε ν (n s e men t e n)

Imperfect MiddlePassive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural1 ἐλυόμην I was being loosed ἐλυόμεθα We were being loosed2 ἐλύου You were being loosed ἐλύεσθε You were being loosed3 ἐλύετο Hesheit was being

loosedἐλύοντο They were being loosed

Secondary MiddlePassive EndingsSingular Plural1 -μην -μεθα2 -ου -σθε3 -το -ντο

Learn ἐλυόμην ου το μεθα εσθε οντο

234


AugmentsThe augment (prefix) is added in four ways

1 Before consonants it is ε2 Before vowels the augment contracts with the vowel according to the following rules


Four patterns1 α and ε lengthen to η2 ο lengthens to ω3 ι ending a diphthong subscripts4 υ ending a diphthong stays strong

3 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem ἐκβάλλω becomes ἐξέβαλλον

4 Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel the final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the ε augment inserted in its place ἀποκτείνω becomes ἀπέκτεινον

Imperfect Indicative of εἰμίSingular Plural1 ἤμην I was ἦμεν We were2 ἦς You were ἦτε You were3 ἦν Hesheit was ἦσαν They were

Memory Verse Mat 69 the Lordrsquos PrayerΠάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖςFather our the one in the heavens

ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σουhallowed be the name your

235


Chapter 13 Summary Third Declension Nouns

TransformationsLabials π β or φ + σ = ψVelars κ γ or χ + σ = ξDentals τ δ or θ + σ = σ

Nu drops out when followed by a sigma



Iota Final Stems πίστις πίστεως ἡ (faith)

Singular PluralNomVoc πίστις πίστειςGen πίστεως πίστεωνDat πίστει πίστεσι(ν)Acc πίστιν πίστεις





Memory Verse Mat 610aἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σουLet come the kingdom your


236


Chapter 14 Summary Second Aorist VerbsForm The second aorist is built from the second aorist verb stem It is preceded by an (ε)

augment and followed by secondary endings like the imperfect The aorist is understood as a backgrounding tense form portraying a complete or wholistic action It is the most frequently used tense form and the least semantically marked base for general writing


Secondary endings


The connecting vowel is ο before μ and ν and ε elsewhereSecond Aorist Active Indicative of λαμβάνωSingular Plural


Note The ν σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as for the imperfectsChant ἔλαβον ν ς ε μεν τε ν



Note The μην ου ετο ομεθα εσθε οντο endings are the same as for the imperfectsChant ἐγενόμην ου ετο ομεθα εσθε οντο

AugmentsAorist augments = Imperfect augments

Aorist Stems of VerbsHere is a list of second aorist forms of verbs already learned Master these forms

Present Aoristἀπέρχομαι ἀπῆλθον I departedἀποθνῄσκω ἀπέθανον I diedβάλλω ἔβαλον I threwὁράω εἶδον I saw (cf βλέπω ὄψομαι)γίνομαι ἐγενόμην I becameγινώσκω ἔγνων I knewεἰσέρχομαι εἰσῆλθον I enteredἐξέρχομαι ἐξῆλθον I went outἔρχομαι ἦλθον I came wentεὑρίσκω εὗρον I foundἔχω ἔσχον I hadλαμβάνω ἔλαβον I took

237


λέγω εἶπον I said

Memory Verse Mat 610cὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆςas in heaven so also on earth

238


Chapter 15 Summary First Aorist Verbs

Comparison with GreekLike English with the past Greek forms the aorist in two ways The first aorist is formed off the

present stem with an augment and a suffixed σα The second aorist is built from a different aorist stem which adds endings identical to the imperfect The aorist is understood as a backgrounding tense form portraying a complete or wholistic action It is the most frequently used tense form and the least semantically marked base for general writing

First Aorist FormAugment + Verb stem + Tense formative + Secondary

endingsε + λυ + σα + ς = ἔλυσαςAug Stem Tense connective Ending

Aorist Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural


NoteThe - σ ε μεν τε ν endings are the same as the imperfects except that in the first person singular the ν is dropped









Ending TransformationsThe sigma ending is added in basically the same way as the sigma was added for future tense

verbs (see chap 10)Velars (κ γ or χ) + σ becomes ξ

διδάσκω + σα = ἐδίδαξαLabials (π β or φ) + σ becomes ψ

βλέπω + σα = ἔβλεψαDentals (τ δ or θ) + σ drops the dental

πείθω + σα = ἔπεισαWith liquids (λ and ρ) and nasals (μ and ν) lemoners often the sigma is dropped and the

preceding vowel in the stem is changed μένω + σα = ἔμεινα

239


Aorist Stems of VerbsHere is a list of first aorist active indicative forms of verbs already learned


Memory Verse Mat 611τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιονthe bread our the daily portion

δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερονGive us today

240


Chapter 16 Summary Aorist and Future Passive Verbs

IntroductionPassive verbs go with subjects acted on by the action of the verbs In English we form the past

passive indicative by using a helping verb (eg I was struck by the foul ball) Similarly the future passive indicative is formed with the helping ldquowill berdquo (eg I will be flown to Indianapolis)

Form The aorist passives are formed by adding θη before the ending

ἐ + λυ + θη + ν = ἐλύθηνAug Stem Passive connective Ending I was loosed


λυ + θησ + ομαι = λυθήσομαιStem Passive connective Ending I will be loosed

Passive Connective TransformationsConsonant ShiftsVelars κ γ + θ = χLabials π β + θ = φDentals τ δ θ + θ = σSibilants ζ ξ ψ + θ = σ

First Aorist Passive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural1 ἐλύθην I was loosed ἐλύθημεν We were loosed2 ἐλύθης You were loosed ἐλύθητε You were loosed3 ἐλύθη Hesheit was loosed ἐλύθησαν They were loosed

Future Passive Indicative of λύωSingular Plural1 λυθήσομαι I will be loosed λυθησόμεθα We will be loosed2 λυθήσῃ You will be loosed λυθήσεσθε You will be loosed3 λυθήσεται Hesheit will be


241


Passive StemsPresent Active Aorist Passive Future Passiveἀποστέλλω ἀπεστάλην mdashβάλλω ἐβλήθην βληθήσομαιγίνομαι ἐγενήθην mdashγινώσκω ἐγνώσθην γνωσθήσομαιδιδάσκω ἐδιδάχθην mdashδύναμαι ἠδυνήθην mdashἐγείρω ἠγέρθην ἐγερθήσομαιεὑρίσκω εὑρέθην εὑρεθήσομαιθέλω ἠθελήθην mdashκρίνω ἐκρίθην ἐκριθήσομαιλαμβάνω ἐλήμφθην mdashλέγω ἐρρέθην mdashπιστεύω ἐπιστεύθην mdashπορεύομαι ἐπορεύθην mdashσῴζω ἐσώθην σωθήσομαι

Memory Verse Mat 612aκαὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶνand forgive for us the debts our

242


Chapter 17 Summary Contract Verbs

IntroductionVerbs with stems ending in α ε or ο are known as contract verbs For example in the verb

ἀγαπάω the stems ends with alpha When pronominal endings are added to the verb the final vowel of the stem and the connecting vowel of the ending contract according to five rules


Rules of Contraction

Rule 1 Likes go long Two like vowels combine into their common long vowelα + α = α ε + η = η ο + ω = ω

Rule 2 Ο overcomes An ο or ω will overcome an α ε or η becoming ωο + α = ω ε + ω = ω

Rule 3 First overcomes When an α ε or η come together whichever comes first becomes its own matching long vowel

α + ε or α+ η = long α ε + α = η

Rule 4 Same vowel diphthong drops A vowel similar to the first vowel of a diphthong drops out

ο + ου = ου ε + ει = ει

Rule 5 Dissimilar diphthong contracts A vowel dissimilar to the diphthong that follows it will contract using the preceding rulesmdasha unless the third vowel is an upsilon in which case the upsilon drops outb unless the third vowel is an iota in which case the iota becomes an iota subscriptExceptions ο + ει = οι ε + οι = οι ο + ῃ = οι

Present Active Indicative of ἀγαπάωSingular Plural



1 ποιῶ (εω) I do ποιοῦμεν (εομεν) We do2 ποιεῖς (εεις) You do ποιεῖτε (εετε) You do3 ποιεῖ (εει) Hesheit does ποιοῦσι(ν) (εουσι) They do



243


Memory Verse Review + Mat 6 12bκαὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶνand forgive for us the debts our


244


Chapter 18 Summary Perfect Verbs

IntroductionThe Greek perfect is used to indicate that an action states of being focusing on the action by

frontgrounding it It is used when the action is to be dwelt upon (eg ldquoI have prepared for the gamerdquo)

Perfect TranslationWhile the perfect is generally translated into English using the helping verb ldquohaverdquo sometimes

the meaning of the verb makes it clear that the action is completed and its effects continue into the present

Redup Stem Perfect connective Pronominal endingλε + λυ + κα + τε = λελύκατε

Reduplication PatternsConsonantal reduplication When a verb begins with a consonant the consonant is doubled and

attached to the front of a word with a connecting epsilon (λε + λυκα)Vocalic reduplication When a verb begins with a vowel or diphthong the vowel is lengthened

(ἐλπίζω becomes ἤλπικα and αἰτέω becomes ᾔτηκα)Doubled consonant or ρ If a word begins with two consonants or a rho an epsilon is usually

added instead of reduplication (γινώσκω stem γνω- becomes ἔγνωκα)Compound verbs The reduplicated form comes between the verb and the initial preposition

ἀποστέλλω becomes ἀπέσταλκα

Adding Perfect KappaContract verbs lengthen their final stem vowel preceding the perfect κ ending ἀγαπάω becomes

ἠγάπηκαIf a verb stem ends in τ δ or θ the consonant is dropped when the perfect κ is added ἐλπίζω

(stem ἐλπιδ-) becomes ἤλπικα

Perfect Active Indicative of λύωSingular Plural


Note the active secondary endings are used ndash ς ε μεν τε ν The first singular drops the ν


1 λέλυμαι I have been loosed λελύμεθα We have been loosed2 λέλυσαι You have been loosed λέλυσθε You have been loosed3 λέλυται Hesheit has been loosed λέλυνται They have been loosed

Οἶδαοἶδα is a perfect but translated as a present with irregular forms

1 οἶδα I know οἴδαμεν We know

245


2 οἶδας You know οἴδατε You know3 οἶδε(ν) He knows οἴδασι(ν) They know

Pluperfect ParadigmPluperfect tense is rare and expresses action completed in the past with a terminated effect some

time in the past

1 ἐλελύκειν I had loosed ἐλελύκειμεν We had loosed2 ἐλελύκεις You had loosed ἐλελύκειτε You had loosed3 ἐλελύκει Hesheit had

loosedἐλελύκεισαν They had loosed

Principal PartsFor Greek verbs there are six principal parts from which the paradigms are built You now know

how all the parts function

Present Future Aorist Activeἀγαπάω ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα

Perfect Active Perfect MidPass Aorist Passiveἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην


Present Active Perfect Active Perfect MidPassἀγαπάω ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι I loveἀκούω ἀκήκοα mdash I hearἀποστέλλω ἀπέσταλκα ἀπέσταλμαι I sendβάλλω βέβληκα βέβλημαι I throwγίνομαι γέγονα γεγένημαι I becomeγινώσκω ἔγνωκα ἔγνωσμαι I knowγράφω γέγραφα γέγραμμαι I writeἔρχομαι ἐλήλυθα mdash I comeεὑρίσκω εὕρηκα mdash I findἔχω ἔσχηκα mdash I haveκαλέω κέκληκα κέκλημαι I callκρίνω κέκρικα κέκριμαι I judgeλαλέω λελάληκα λελάλημαι I speakλέγω εἴρηκα εἴρημαι I sayμένω μεμένηκα mdash I remainὁράω ἑώρακα mdash I seeπιστεύω πεπίστευκα πεπίστευμαι I believeποιέω πεποίηκα πεποίημαι I do makeπορεύομαι mdash πεπόρευμαι I goσῴζω σέσωκα σέσῳσμαι I save

Memory Verse Mat 613aκαὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόνand not (you) lead us into temptation

246


247


Chapter 19 Summary Present Participles

IntroductionIn Greek participles are used in much the same way as they are in English Present participles

are formed in English by adding ldquo-ingrdquo to the verbal form (eg walking) A participle is a verbal (with present aorist activepassive tenses) adjective (with gender number case)

Participle as AdjectiveYou can tell when a participle is being used adjectivally because as an attributive adjective it

will modify a noun or pronoun (eg the running car) It will usually come with a definite article When translating a Greek present participle we may use a simple English participle which is usually a word ending in ldquoingrdquo A participle like other adjectives may be used as a substantive when it has the article and no modified noun or pronoun (eg running is fun)

Participle as AdverbA participle may be used as an adverb modifying the verb in some way It usually does not take

a definite article (ie it is anarthrous) Often the adverbial participles will be translated as a temporal clause If the present tense is used it will refer to something that happens at the same time as the main verb (eg while walking) If an aorist tense participle is used the action of the participle was before the action of the main verb (eg after walking) If a perfect tense participle is used its action was completed with continuing results (eg after having walked) or state of affairs

Translating ParticiplesThe adjectival participle will often be translated by using the English participle (ldquo-ingrdquo) with

some connecting words such as ldquowhordquo ldquowhichrdquo or ldquothe one whordquo (eg The one speaking to me wrote the book)

Present Participle FormsIn the masculine and neuter the sign of the participle (οντ) is added followed by the third

declension noun endings




Middlepassives participles are formed using the present verb stem adding -ομεν as a middlepassive participle indicator and the second declension case endings for the masculine and neuter


The feminine uses first declension endings

λυ + ομεν + η = λυομένη

248


Present Participle




Active while loosing the loosing girl the one loosingMiddle while loosing himself the girl loosing

herselfthe ones loosing themselves

Passive while being loosed the girl being loosed




Present MiddlePassive Participles (recognize these)3 3



Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom ὤν οὖσα ὄνGen ὄντος οὔσης ὄντοςDat ὄντι οὔσῃ ὄντιAcc ὄντα οὖσαν ὄνPluralNom ὄντες οὖσαι ὄνταGen ὄντων οὐσῶν ὄντωνDat οὖσι(ν) οὔσαις οὖσι(ν)

249


Acc ὄντας οὔσας ὄντα

Present Active Participles (know these forms)Nom λύων λύουσα λῦονGen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντος

Present MiddlePassive ParticiplesNom λυόμενος λυομένη λυόμενονGen λυομένου λυομένης λυομένου

Memory Verse Review + Mat 613bκαὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόνand not (you) lead us into temptation

ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦbut (you) deliver us from the evil (one)

250


Chapter 20 Summary Aorist Participles

Translating ParticiplesThe aorist adjectival participle will often be translated by using the English participle (ldquo-ingrdquo or

ldquo-edrdquo) with some connecting word like ldquowhordquo ldquowhichrdquo or ldquothe one whordquo (eg The one who spoke to me wrote the book) Adverbial participles will often be translated in a temporal clause by using ldquowhile after or beforerdquo (eg After laughing the boy left)

First Aorist Participle FormsStem Aor Ptc ντ Third Declension Aorist Active Ptcλυ + σα + ντ + ος = λύσαντος

Stem Aor Ptc σ First Declension Aorist Active Ptcλυ + σα + σ + ης = λυσάσης

Stem Aor Mid Ptc Second Declension Aorist Middle Ptcλυ + σα + μεν + ος = λυσάμενος

Stem Aor Pass Ptc ντ Third Declension Aorist Passive Ptcλυ + θε + ντ + ος = λυθέντος

First Aorist Active Participles (recognize these forms)3 1 3




251




First Aorist Active Participles (know these forms cold)3 1 3

Nom λύσας λύσασα λῦσανGen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντος


Nom λυσάμενος λυσαμένη λυσάμενονGen λυσαμένου λυσαμένης λυσαμένου



Aorist Participle Adverbial participle has no Art



Active after loosing (the girl) who loosed the one who loosedMiddle after loosing himself (the girl) who loosed herself the ones who loosed

themselvesPassive after being loosed (the girl) who was loosed the one who was loosed

252


Chapter 21 Summary Perfect Participles

IntroductionPerfect participles are used when the action being described an existing state of affairs Perfect

participles can be translated by using the helping verb ldquohavingrdquo (eg having spoken) When used adverbially the temporal preposition ldquoafterrdquo may be used (eg after having driven)

Perfect Participle Formsλε + λυ + κ + οτ + ος = λελυκότοςλε + λυ + μεν + ος = λελυμένος

Perfect Active Participles (be able to recognize)3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκόςGen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότοςDat λελυκότι λελυκυίᾳ λελυκότιAcc λελυκότα λελυκυῖαν λελυκόςPluralNom λελυκότες λελυκυῖαι λελυκόταGen λελυκότων λελυκυιῶν λελυκότωνDat λελυκόσι(ν) λελυκυίαις λελυκόσι(ν)Acc λελυκότας λελυκυίας λελυκότα



Perfect Active Participles (know these by heart)3 1 3

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκόςGen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότος

Perfect MiddlePassives Participles2 1 2

Singular Masculine Feminine NeuterNom λελυμένος λελυμένη λελυμένονGen λελυμένου λελυμένης λελυμένου

253


Participle Translation Charts (DA = definite article)Active Participle





The one loosing




The one who loosed

Perfect After having loosed (The crowd) having loosed


Middle Participle





(The boy) who is loosing

The one loosing

Aorist After loosing herself (The girl) who was loosing



The one who loosed


(The crowd) having loosed themselves


As usual the deponents may look middlepassive but are translated as active

Passive Participle




Present While being loosed (The boy) who is being loosed








εἰμί + participle is a periphrastic construction Translate the periphrastic form as the normal tense of the verb Mouncersquos chart is helpful at this point (Basics 277)

254



Genitive AbsolutesA genitive absolute links a participle and a noun or pronoun in the genitive case and is only

loosely connected to the rest of the sentence The subject of the sentence is not the subject of this participial construction

Participle (gen) + nounpronoun (gen)ὁ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐξένευσεν ὄχλου ὄντος ἐν τῷ τόπῳFor Jesus had withdrawn a crowd being in the place (Jn 513)

255


Chapter 22 Summary Infinitives

IntroductionInfinitives are verbal nouns usually indicated in English by a ldquotordquo + verb (eg He went inside to

call a friend) While in English an infinitive does not take a subject it may take an object or be modified by some qualifier

For example ldquoHe came to put the ball in the boxrdquo uses ldquothe ballrdquo as the object and ldquoin the boxrdquo which describes location to modify the infinitive ldquoto putrdquo With Greek infinitives the tense indicates aspect rather than time of action

Present represents progressimmediacy foregrounding action Aorist indicates completewhole background action Perfect represents state of affairs frontgrounddwelt upon action

As a noun an infinitive can be the subject of a sentence or the object of a finite verb In Greek an infinitive may go with a noun in the accusative that functions as its subject

TranslationsPresent = to continue to call (to call)Past = to callPerfect = to have called

Infinitive FormsActive Middle PassivePresent Infinitiveλύειν λύεσθαι λύεσθαιFirst Aorist Infinitiveλῦσαι λύσασθαι λυθῆναιSecond Aorist Infinitive (λείπω to leave)λιπεῖν λιπέσθαι λειφθῆναιPerfect Infinitiveλελυκέναι λελύσθαι λελύσθαιPresent Infinitive of εἰμίεἶναι

Articular InfinitiveA Greek infinitive may also function adverbially by telling when a verbal action took place

Greek expresses this function by using a preposition + an article + infinitive

διά + article + infinitive = becauseεἰς + article + infinitive = in order thatἐν + article + infinitive = when whileμετά + article + infinitive = afterπρίν + article + infinitive = beforeπρό + article + infinitive = beforeπρός + article + infinitive = in order that

256


Complementary Infintivesδεῖ + infinitive = It is necessary toἔξεστι(ν) + infinitive = It is permitted toδύναμαι + infinitive = I am able toμέλλω + infinitive = I am about to

Infinitives for Indirect DiscourseIndirect discourse can be expressed with the infinitive + an accusative or with ὅτι as an

introductory word

257


Chapter 23 Summary Subjunctive Verbs

IntroductionThere are three Greek moods of potential


2 Imperative indicates expected action The imperative usually expresses a command (eg Zach wash the car)


Present represents progressimmediacy foregrounding action Aorist indicates completewhole background action Perfect is used for state of affairs frontgrounddwelt upon action

Introduction to the SubjunctiveThe subjunctive mood is the mood of potential or possibility ldquoMayrdquo and ldquomightrdquo are the two

key words often used in translating subjunctives

FormThe subjunctive present (continuous action) is built from the present verb stem as follows

λυ + ω + μεν = λύωμεν We may continue loosingThe subjunctive aorist (complete whole) is built from the aorist verb stem with a sigma and the

same endings as the present There is no initial augment


PresentUnfolding In progress Action Subjunctive of λύω (chant Present amp First Aorist)


MiddlePassive

Singular Plural

1 λύωμαι λυώμεθα2 λύῃ λύησθε3 λύηται λύωνται

258


Aorist Action Subjunctive of λύωActive Singular Plural




Second Aorist Subjunctive Forms of λείπω (to leave fall short) (no sigma)



Subjunctive Triggersἵνα in order that (used most often)ἐάν ifὅς ἄν whoeverἕως until

Four Types of ConditionalsConditions have two parts the protasis (if) and the apodosis (then) The protasis presents the

condition and the apodosis tells the consequence1 First class condition Reality (eg If you are led by the Spirit you are not under the law)

Form εἰ + indicative verb (protasis) + any apodosisFunction Affirms the reality of the condition (protasis)

2 Second class condition Impossibility (contrary to fact) (eg If you had been here my brother would not have died)Form εἰ + secondary indicative verb (protasis) + ἄν + secondary indicative verb (apodosis)Function The condition is contrary to fact

3 Third class condition Possibility (eg If you release him you are not Caesarrsquos friend)Form ἐάν + subjunctive (protasis) + any apodosisFunction Possible condition

4 Fourth class condition Possibility (rare) (eg If you should suffer )

259


Form εἰ + optative mood (protasis) + optative (apodosis) rareContext will often indicate the level of probability

Various Subjunctive Functions1 Hortatory subjunctive urges the speaker and listeners to a certain behavior or mind-set

This use requires the first personΔιέλθωμεν καὶ ἴδωμεν Let us go and let us see (cf Lk 215)

2 Subordinate purpose clause is often introduced by ἵνα + subjunctiveἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός in order that he might witness concerning the light (Jn 17)

3 Prohibitive subjunctive uses the aorist with a negative and prohibits an actionμὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν Lead us not into temptation (Mat 613)

4 Deliberative subjunctive often is a rhetorical device not calling for an answerτί εἴπω ὑμῖν What shall I say to you (1 Cor 1122)

Negative QuestionsWhen a question begins with οὐ the expected answer is ldquoyesrdquoWhen a question begins with μή the expected answer is ldquonordquoOne way to remember this is ldquoMayrdquo (μή) means ldquonayrdquo

OptativesThere are only sixty-seven optatives in the New Testament We will not learn a paradigm but

you should be aware that they exist express a ldquowishrdquo and that their form is characterized by the connective οι αι or ει (Oh that )

γένοιτο aorist dep third sing from γίνομαι ldquoOh may it berdquo

260


Chapter 24 Summary Imperative Verbs

IntroductionThe imperative mood is used to express a command entreaty or prohibition In English the

imperative is used only with the second person (eg [You] get in the car) The Greek imperative occurs in the present and aorist tenses Both second and third person (ldquoLet himheritrdquo) forms may be used

Present represents progressimmediacy foregrounding actionAorist indicates completewhole background actionPerfect is used for state of affairs frontgrounddwelt upon action

FormLearn the little rhythm

2 sg 3 sg 2 pl 3 plPresent Active ε τω τε τωσανPresent MidPass ου σθω σθε σθωσανFirst Aorist Active ν τω τε τωσανFirst Aorist Middle αι σθω σθε σθωσανFirst Aorist Passive τι τω τε τωσαν

Present Action Imperative of λύωActiveSingular Plural2 λῦε You loose λύετε You loose3 λυέτω Let him loose λυέτωσαν Let them loose


First Aorist Action Imperative of λύωActive PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural2 λῦσον λύσατε λύθητι λύθητε3 λυσάτω λυσάτωσαν λυθήτω λυθήτωσανMiddleSingular Plural2 λῦσαι λύσασθε3 λυσάσθω λυσάσθωσαν

261


Second Aorist Action Imperative of λείπω (I leave)Active PassiveSingular Plural Singular Plural2 λίπε λίπετε λείφθητι λείφθητε3 λιπέτω λιπέτωσαν λειφθήτω λειφθήτωσαν



Various Functions1 As a command


2 As a prohibitionΜὴ φοβοῦ τὸ μικρὸν ποίμνιονfear not little flock (Lk 1232)

3 As an entreaty especially when speaking to a superiorΠάτερ ἅγιε τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σουHoly Father keep them in your name (Jn 1711)

262


Chapter 25 Summary The -μι Verbs

IntroductionThere are four types of -μι verbs

1 Omicron class (δίδωμι I give) with the root δο-2 Alpha class (ἵστημι I set stand) with the root στα-3 Epsilon class (τίθημι I put) with the root θε-4 Upsilon (δείκνυμι I show explain) with the root δεικνυ-

Formation Rules1 In the present and imperfect the initial consonant is reduplicated and connected with an

iota (cf perfect) δο (the root of δίδωμι) becomes διδο2 -μι verbs do not take a connecting vowel before the pronominal endings Rather the rootrsquos

final vowel may be retained lengthened or omitted διδο becomes διδω3 The present form takes the following pronominal endings

Singular Plural-μι -μεν-ς -τε-σι -ασι

4 Most of the -μι verbs use the tense suffix κα rather than the normal σα (eg ἔδωκα) Donrsquot confuse this with the perfects


Active IndicativesPresent Imperfect Future Aorist PerfectSingular1 δίδωμι ἐδίδουν δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα2 δίδως ἐδίδους δώσεις ἔδωκας δέδωκας3 δίδωσι(ν) ἐδίδου δώσει ἔδωκε(ν) δέδωκε(ν)Plural1 δίδομεν ἐδίδομεν δώσομεν ἐδώκαμεν δεδώκαμεν2 δίδοτε ἐδίδοτε δώσετε ἐδώκατε δεδώκατε3 διδόασι(ν) ἐδίδοσαν δώσουσι(ν) ἔδωκαν δέδωκαν


Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative

Singular1 διδῶ δῶ mdash mdash2 διδῷς δῷς δίδου δός3 διδῷ δῷ διδότω δότωPlural1 διδῶμεν δῶμεν mdash mdash2 διδῶτε δῶτε δίδοτε δότε

263


3 διδῶσι(ν) δῶσι(ν) διδότωσαν δότωσαν

InfinitivesPresent Infinitive Aorist Infinitive

Active διδόναι δοῦναιMiddle δίδοσθαι δόσθαιPassive δίδοσθαι δοθῆναι

Present MiddlePassive (note how regular)Singular Plural1 δίδομαι διδόμεθα2 δίδοσαι δίδοσθε3 δίδοται δίδονται

Present Paradigms of Other -μι VerbsSingular1 ἵστημι τίθημι δείκνυμι2 ἵστης τίθης δείκνυςδεικνύεις3 ἵστησι(ν) τίθησι(ν) δείκνυσι(ν)




Active Masc Fem NeutNom δούς δοῦσα δόνGen δόντος δούσης δόντοςMiddleNom δόμενος δομένη δόμενονGen δομένου δομένης δομένουPassiveNom δοθείς δοθεῖσα δοθένGen δοθέντος δοθείσης δοθέντος

264



Active Masc Fem NeutNom δεδωκώς δεδωκυῖα δεδωκόςGen δεδωκότος δεδωκυίας δεδωκότοςMidPass no perf κNom δεδόμενος δεδομένη δεδόμενονGen διδομένου δεδομένης δεδομένου

265


Chapter 26 Summary Numbers and Interrogatives

IntroductionThus far we have looked at personal (eg ἐγώ) relative (eg ὅς) demonstrative (eg οὗτος)

reflexive pronouns (myself yourself himheritself) and reciprocal (eg ἀλλήλων) pronouns In this section we will examine indefinite pronouns (someonesomething) and reflexive pronouns (myself yourself himheritself)

Indefinite Pronouns (τιςτι someone anything)This form is an enclitic and often combined with ὅς (ὅστις)

Singular PluralMascFem Neut MascFem Neut


Note that the word is an enclitic with no accent or with an accent on the second syllable The interrogative τίςτί (who which what) has the accent on the first syllable and is not an enclitic

Interrogative Pronoun (τίςτί who which what)Singular PluralMasc and Fem

Neut Masc and Fem

Neut


Note that the acute accent on τίς and τί never changes to a grave accent

Interrogativesπότε whenποῦ whereπῶς howτίς τί who which whatδιὰ τί whyτί why

Greek NumbersThere are two types of numbers



πρῶτος -η -ον firstδεύτερος -α -ον second

266


τρίτος -η -ον third

Cardinal NumbersCardinal numbers function like adjectives


δώδεκα 12ἑκατόν 100χίλιοι -αι -α 1000

Teensἕνδεκα δώδεκα τρισκαίδεκα δεκατέσσαρες δεκαπέντε 11 12 13 14 15

Tensεἴκοσι τριάκοντα τεσσαράκοντα πεντήκοντα ἑξήκοντα20 30 40 50 60

Number OneMasc Fem Neut

Nom εἷς μία ἕνGen ἑνός μιᾶς ἑνόςDat ἑνί μιᾷ ἑνίAcc ἕνα μίαν ἕν

267


Chapter 27 Summary Comparatives Adverbs Conjunctions and Clause Types

Comparative AdjectivesGreek uses either the endings -ιων or -τερος -α -ον or the particle ἤ (than) to indicate a

comparative

For example

μέγας (great) μείζων (greater)μικρός (small) μικρότερος (smaller)

Superlative AdjectivesAdjective Comparative Superlativeμικρός (little) ἐλάσσων (less) ἐλάχιστος (least)μέγας (great) μείζων (greater) μειζότερος (greatest)

Conjunctions Structural Markers

Temporalἄχρι until ὅτε whenἐπεί when πρίν beforeἐπειδή when ὡς when asἕως until

Causal (retrospective explanation why)γάρ for ὅτι becauseδιότι because ὡς sinceἐπεί since ἐπειδή since

Purpose (prospective goal intention)ἵνα in order thatὅπως in order thatὡς in order that

Resultὥστε so thatἵνα (may also sometimes mean) so thatὡς so asὅτι so that

Continuativeδέ and now ὅτι thatἵνα that οὖν then nowκαί and τέ and

Adversative

268



Particlesἀμήν so be it truly amenἄν (untranslated occurs with the various moods and often with


AdverbsIn Greek we are familiar with several ways the verb may be modified in time manner and place

already

1) One may use a participle in an adverbial manner (After leaving the store he went home

2) The articular infinitive is also used in an adverbial manner (before Phillip called you I saw you)

3) Many prepositional phrases have an adverbial verb modifying function and indeed some adverbs actually became more prepositional in their function and are classed as ldquoadverbial prepositionsrdquo (ie ἔξω outside) Indeed some words are classified as both improper preposition and adverb and some are marked by the ndashθεν ending (ὀπίσω (prep + genitive=after ὄπισθεν adv ldquofrom behindrdquo)

4) As in English where an adjective can be converted into an adverb by changing the ending (articulatearticulately) so in Greek using the genitive plural form an adverb may be form shifting the ndashων ending to an ndashως (eg καλῶν [good] becomes καλῶς [well]

5) There are explicit adverbs which help develop the meaning of the verb in time manner and location

Time αὔριον (tomorrow) σήμερον (today) ἐχθές (yesterday) νῦν (now) and τότε (then) πώποτε (ever at any time) Manner οὕτως (thusin this manner) ταχέως (quickly) Location ἄνω (above) ἄνωθεν (from above) κάτω (below) ἐκεῖ (there) ἐκεῖθεν (from there) ὧδε (here) ἐντεῦθεν (from there)

Clause Type Introduction1 Substantive

I do not have what I need (functions as the object)2 Adjective

He bought the ball that Coach Kessler had signed (restrictive clause)3 Adverb

I will come when I have finished playing with Elliott (modifies the verb)

Purpose Clauses1 With an infinitive

269


2 With ἵνα or ὅπως + subjunctive3 With εἰς or πρός followed by an articular infinitive

Result Clauses1 The most common is ὥστε or ὡς + infinitive2 ὥστε or ὅτι + indicative

Temporal Clauses are formedmdash


ὅτε ἐπειδή ὡς whenὅταν wheneverἕως ἄχρι οὗ whileἕως ἄχρι untilὡς οὗ since

2 With the subjunctive with various prepositions or particlesὅταν ἐπάν wheneverἕως ἄχρι μέχρι until

3 With πρίν + infinitive indicating ldquobeforerdquo4 With a participle meaning ldquowhilerdquo or ldquoafterrdquo

270


Chapter 28 Summary Case Revisited [TP ROADS]

Genitive IntroductionUntil now we have seen the genitive as a case used for possession translated ldquoofrdquo

Possessive GenitiveThe possessive genitive may be translated ldquoofrdquo or with a possessive noun or pronoun (hisher)


Relational GenitiveThe relational genitive specifies a family relationship (son parent wife)


Descriptive GenitiveThe descriptive genitive qualifies the noun describing it in more detail

Ὁ ζῆλος τοῦ οἴκου σουthe zeal of your house (Jn 217) (specifies the type of zeal)

Subjective GenitiveThe word in the genitive functions as the subject or produces the action of the verbal idea

implied in the noun it describesἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκόςthe lust of the flesh (1 Jn 216) (the flesh lusts)

Objective GenitiveThe word in the genitive receives the action It acts like an object to the action of the word it

modifies These categories are not mutually exclusive Sometimes a genitive may be both objective and descriptive

ἡ δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος βλασφημίαthe blasphemy against the Spirit (Mat 1231)

Time GenitiveThe genitive of time functions like an adverb It expresses time ldquowithin whichrdquo something

happensἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτόςHe came to him during the night (Jn 32)

Agency GenitiveThe agency genitive identifies the agent that has been involved in an action

ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ θεοῦThey shall all be taught by God (Jn 645)

Deeper into the Dative [II LIST]

271



Indirect Objectεἶπεν αὐτοῖς ΛύσατεHe said to them ldquoDestroyrdquo (Jn 219)The dative often accompanies the preposition ἐν

Dative of InterestThe dative of interest may express advantage or disadvantage When expressing advantage it

may be translated ldquotordquo or ldquoforrdquo When expressing disadvantage ldquoagainstrdquo may be used (Wallace Beyond the Basics 142f)


Dative of LocationThe dative is often used with the prepositions ἐν (in) and πρός (to toward) to reference a

particular physical location However the dative may also be used alone to indicate locationοἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ πλοιαρίῳ ἦλθονthe disciples came in a small boat (Jn 218)

Dative of SphereThe dative of sphere refers to an abstract realm whereas the dative of location refers to a

specific physical locationἕκαστος καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ καρδίᾳLet each one as he has purposed in [his] heart (2 Cor 97)

Instrumental DativeThe dative often indicates the means by which something happens It can designate the

instrument (impersonal) or agent (personal) that performs the actionεἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳto the obedience of the Gentiles by word and deed (Rom 1518)

Dative of TimeThe dative may be used to refer to a particular point in time in contrast to the genitive which

describes time as time within which or time during whichΚαὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ γάμος ἐγένετοAnd on the third day there was a wedding (Jn 21)

272

Appendix 4Verb Principal Parts

Verbs Occurring Nine or More Times in the New Testament

Verbs are listed in their present active indicative first person singular forms Deponent verbs appear in the present middlepassive indicative form Additional principal parts (PP) appearing in the New Testament are listed below the main entry in the following order future active aorist active perfect active perfect middlepassive aorist passive

Greek Verb English Meaning(s) Times in NT

ἀγαθοποιέω I do good 9PP ___ ἠγαθοποίησα ___ ___ ___

ἀγαλλιάω I exult am glad 11PP ___ ἠγαλλίασα ___ ___ ἠγαλλιάθην

ἀγαπάω I love 143PP ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθην

ἁγιάζω I consecrate make holy sanctify 28PP ___ ἡγίασα ___ ἡγίασμαι ἡγιάσθην

ἀγνοέω I do not know 22PP ___ ἠγνόησα ___ ___ ___

ἀγοράζω I buy 30PP ___ ἠγόρασα ___ ἠγόρασμαι ἠγοράσθην

ἄγω I lead bring arrest 69PP ἄξω ἤγαγον ___ ___ ἤχθην

ἀδικέω I wrong do wrong 28PP ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ___ ἠδικήθην

ἀθετέω I reject nullify 16PP ἀθετήσω ἠθέτησα ___ ___ ___

αἴρω I take up take away raise 101PP ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἤρθην

αἰτέω I ask 70PP αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ___ ___

ἀκολουθέω I follow accompany 90PP ἀκολουθήσω ἠκολούθησα ἠκολούθηκα ___ ___

ἀκούω I hear understand learn 428PP ἀκούσω ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ___ ἠκούσθην

ἀλείφω I anoint 9PP ___ ἤλειψα ___ ___ ___

ἁμαρτάνω I sin 43PP ἁμαρτήσω ἡμάρτησα ἡμάρτηκα ___ ___

ἀναβαίνω I go up ascend 82PP ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα ___ ___

ἀναβλέπω I look up receive sight 25

273

273

PP ___ ἀνέβλεψα ___ ___ ___ἀναγγέλλω I announce report 14

PP ἀναγγελῶ ἀνήγγειλα ___ ___ ἀνηγγέληνἀναγινώσκω I read read aloud 32

PP ___ ἀνέγνων ___ ___ ἀνεγνώσθηνἀναγκάζω I compel urge 9

PP ___ ἠνάγκασα ___ ___ ἠναγκάσθηνἀνάγω I lead up Mid set sail 23

PP ___ ἀνήγαγον ___ ___ ἀνήχθηνἀναιρέω I take away kill 24

PP ἀνελῶ ἀνεῖλον ___ ___ ἀνῃρέθηνἀνάκειμαι I recline (at table) 14ἀνακρίνω I examine question judge 16

PP ___ ἀνέκρινα ___ ___ ἀνεκρίθηνἀναλαμβάνω I take up 13

PP ___ ἀνέλαβον ___ ___ ἀνελήμφθηνἀναπαύω I refresh Mid take rest 12

PP ἀναπαύσω ἀνέπαυσα ___ ἀναπέπαυμαι ἀνεπαύθηνἀναπίπτω I recline 12

PP ___ ἀνέπεσον ___ ___ ___ἀναστρέφω I overturn return 9

PP ἀναστρέψω ἀνέστρεψα ___ ___ ἀνεστράφηνἀνατέλλω I rise 9

PP ___ ἀνέτειλα ἀνατέταλκα ___ ___ἀναφέρω I bring up offer 10

PP ___ ἀνήνεγκα ___ ___ ___ἀναχωρέω I depart 14

PP ___ ἀνεχώρησα ___ ___ ___ἀνέχω I endure 15

PP ἀνέξω ἀνέσχον ___ ___ ___ἀνθίστημι I resist oppose 14

PP ___ ἀντέστην ἀνθέστηκα ___ ___ἀνίστημι I raise cause to rise 108

PP ἀναστήσω ἀνέστησα ___ ___ ___ἀνοίγω I open 77

PP ἀνοίξω ἠνέῳξα ἀνέῳγα ἀνέῳγμαι ἠνοίχθηνἀντιλέγω I speak against oppose 11

PP ___ ἀντεῖπον ___ ___ ___ἀπαγγέλλω I announce report 45

PP ἀπαγγελῶ ἀπήγγειλα ___ ___ ἀπηγγέληνἀπάγω I lead away 15

PP ___ ἀπήγαγον ___ ___ ἀπήχθηνἀπαρνέομαι I deny 11

PP ἀπαρνήσομαι ἀπηρνησάμην ___ ___ ἀπηρνήθηνἀπειθέω I disbelieve disobey 14

PP ___ ἠπείθησα ___ ___ ___ἀπέρχομαι I depart 117

PP ἀπελεύσομαι ἀπῆλθον ἀπελήλυθα ___ ___ἀπέχω I have received am distant 19ἀποδίδωμι I give back pay 48

PP ἀποδώσω ἀπέδωκα ___ ___ ἀπεδόθην

274

274

ἀποδοκιμάζω I reject 9PP ___ ἀπεδοκίμασα ___ ἀποδεδοκίμασμαι ἀπεδοκιμάσθην

ἀποθνῄσκω I die 111PP ἀποθανοῦμαι ἀπέθανον ___ ___ ___

ἀποκαλύπτω I reveal uncover 26PP ἀποκαλύψω ἀπεκάλυψα ___ ___ ἀπεκαλύφθην

ἀποκρίνομαι I answer reply 230PP ___ ἀπεκρινάμην ___ ___ ἀπεκρίθην

ἀποκτείνω I kill 74PP ἀποκτενῶ ἀπέκτεινα ___ ___ ἀπεκτάνθην

ἀπολαμβάνω I take aside receive 10PP ἀπολήμψομαι ἀπέλαβον ___ ___ ___

ἀπόλλυμι I destroy ruin Mid I die 90PP ἀπολέσω ἀπώλεσα ἀπολώλεκα ___ ___

ἀπολογέομαι I defend myself 10PP ___ ἀπελογησάμην ___ ___ ἀπελογήθην

ἀπολύω I release divorce 66PP ἀπολύσω ἀπέλυσα ___ ἀπολέλυμαι ἀπελύθην

ἀποστέλλω I send send out 132PP ἀποστέλῶ ἀπέστειλα ἀπέσταλκα ἀπέσταλμαιἀπεστάλην

ἀποστρέφω I turn away 9PP ἀποστρέψω ἀπέστρεψα ___ ἀπέστραμμαι ἀπεστράφην

ἀποτίθημι I take off lay aside 9PP ___ ἀπέθηκα ___ ___ ___

ἅπτω I touch 39PP ___ ἧψα ___ ___ ___

ἀρέσκω I please 17PP ἀρέσω ἤρεσα ___ ___ ___

ἀρνέομαι I deny refuse 33PP ἀρνήσομαι ἠρνησάμην ___ ἤρνημαι ___

ἁρπάζω I seize 14PP ἁρπάσω ἥρπασα ___ ___ ἡρπάσθην

ἄρχω I rule Mid begin 86PP ἄρξομαι ἠρξάμην ___ ___ ___

ἀσθενέω I am weak sick powerless 33PP ___ ἠσθένησα ἠσθένηκα ___ ___

ἀσπάζομαι I greet salute 59PP ___ ἠσπασάμην ___ ___ ___

ἀτενίζω I look intently gaze upon 14PP ___ ἠτένισα ___ ___ ___

αὐξάνω I grow increase 23PP αὐξήσω ηὔξησα ___ ___ ηὐξήθην

ἀφαιρέω I take away cut off 10PP ἀφελῶ ἀφεῖλον ___ ___ ἀφῃρέθην

ἀφίημι I permit let go forgive 143PP ἀφήσω ἀφῆκα ___ ἀφέωμαι ἀφέθην

ἀφίστημι I mislead withdraw depart 14PP ἀποστήσομαι ἀπέστησα ___ ___ ___

ἀφορίζω I separate 10PP ἀφορίσω ἀφώρισα ___ ἀφώρισμαι ἀφωρίσθην

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βάλλω I throw put 122PP βαλῶ ἔβαλον βέβληκα βέβλημαι ἐβλήθην

βαπτίζω I baptize 77PP βαπτίσω ἐβάπτισα ___ βεβάπτισμαι ἐβαπτίσθην

βασανίζω I torment 12PP ___ ἐβασάνισα ___ ___ ἐβασανίσθην

βασιλεύω I rule reign 21PP βασιλεύσω ἐβασίλευσα ___ ___ ___

βαστάζω I bear carry 27PP βαστάσω ἐβάστασα ___ ___ ___

βλασφημέω I blaspheme revile 34PP ___ ἐβλασφήμησα ___ ___ ἐβλασφημήθην

βλέπω I see look at 132PP βλέψω ἔβλεψα ___ ___ ___

βοάω I cry aloud 12PP βοήσω ἐβόησα ___ ___ ___

βόσκω I feed graze 9βούλομαι I wish want determine 37

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐβουλήθηνγαμέω I marry 28

PP ___ ἐγάμησαἔγημα γεγάμηκα ___ ἐγαμήθηνγέμω I fill 11γεννάω I give birth to become the father of produce 97

PP γεννήσω ἐγέννησα γεγέννηκα γεγέννημαι ἐγεννήθηνγεύομαι I taste eat 15

PP γεύσομαι ἐγευσάμην ___ ___ ___γίνομαι I become am happen 669

PP γενήσομαι ἐγενόμην γέγονα γεγένημαι ἐγενήθηνγινώσκω I know learn realize 222

PP γνώσομαι ἔγνων ἔγνωκα ἔγνωσμαι ἐγνώσθηνγνωρίζω I make known reveal 25

PP γνωρίσω ἐγνώρισα ___ ___ ἐγνωρίσθηνγράφω I write 191

PP γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφηνγρηγορέω I watch keep awake 22

PP ___ ἐγρηγόρησα ___ ___ ___δαιμονίζομαι I am possessed by a demon 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐδαιμονίσθηνδεῖ it is necessary (impersonal) 101δείκνυμι I show explain 33

PP δείξω ἔδειξα δέδειχα ___ ἐδείχθηνδεόμαι I ask beg pray 22

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐδεήθηνδέρω I beat 15

PP ___ ἔδειρα ___ ___ ἐδάρηνδέχομαι I take receive 56

PP ___ ἐδεξάμην ___ δέδεγμαι ἐδέχθηνδέω I tie bind 43

PP ___ ἔδησα δέδεκα δέδεμαι ἐδέθηνδιάκονέω I serve minister wait upon 37

PP διακονήσω διηκόνησα ___ ___ διηκονήθην

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διακρίνω I judge discriminate 19PP ___ διέκρινα ___ ___ διεκρίθην

διαλέγομαι I dispute 13PP ___ διελεξάμην ___ ___ διελέχθην

διαλογίζομαι I debate reason 16διαμαρτύρομαι I warn testify solemnly 15

PP ___ διεμαρτυράμην ___ ___ ___διαμερίζω I divide distribute 11

PP ___ διεμέρισα ___ διαμεμέρισμαι διεμερίσθηνδιασκορπίζω I scatter 9

PP ___ διεσκόρπισα ___ διεσκόρπισμαι διεσκορπίσθηνδιατάσσω I command order 16

PP διατάξω διέταξα διατέταχα διατέταγμαι διετάχθηνδιατρίβω I stay remain 9

PP ___ διέτριψα ___ ___ ___διαφέρω I differ carry through 13

PP ___ διήνεγκα ___ ___ ___διδάσκω I teach 97

PP διδάξω ἐδίδαξα ___ ___ ἐδιδάχθηνδίδωμι I give entrust yield 415

PP δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα δέδομαι ἐδόθηνδιέρχομαι I pass through 43

PP διελεύσομαι διῆλθον διελήλυθα ___ ___δικαιόω I justify pronounce righteous 39

PP δικαιώσω ἐδικαίωσα ___ δεδικαίωμαι ἐδικαιώθηνδιψάω I thirst 16

PP διψήσω ἐδίψησα ___ ___ ___διώκω I pursue persecute 45

PP διώξω ἐδίωξα ___ δεδίωγμαι ἐδιώχθηνδοκέω I think suppose seem 62

PP δόξω ἔδοξα ___ ___ ___δοκιμάζω I prove by testing approve 22

PP δοκιμάσω ἐδοκίμασα ___ δεδοκίμασμαι ___δοξάζω I glorify honor praise 61

PP δοξάσω ἐδόξασα ___ δεδόξασμαι ἐδοξάσθηνδουλεύω I serve obey 25

PP δουλεύσω ἐδούλευσα δεδούλευκα ___ ___δύναμαι I am powerful am able 210

PP δυνήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ἠδυνήθηνἐάω I permit let go 11

PP εάσω εἴασα ___ ___ ___ἐγγίζω I come near 42

PP ἐγγιῶ ἤγγισα ἤγγικα ___ ___ἐγείρω I raise up restore wake 144

PP ἐγερῶ ἤγειρα ___ ἐγήγερμαι ἠγέρθηνἐγκαταλείπω I leave behind forsake 10

PP ἐγκαταλείψω ἐγκατέλιπον ___ ___ ἐγκατελείφθηνεἶδον (aorist see ὁράω) I saw perceived 341εἰμί I am occur live 2462

PP ἔσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___εἶπον (aorist see λέγω) I said 1024

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εἰσάγω I lead in 11PP ___ εἰσήγαγον ___ ___ ___

εἰσέρχομαι I come in go in enter 194PP εἰσελεύσομαι εἰσῆλθον εἰσελήλυθα ___ ___

εἰσπορεύομαι I enter go in 18ἐκβάλλω I cast out 81

PP ἐκβαλῶ ἐξέβαλον ___ ___ ἐξεβλήθηνἐκκόπτω I cut out cut off 10

PP ἐκκόψω ἐξέκοψα ___ ___ ἐξεκόπηνἐκλέγομαι I pick out choose 22

PP ___ ἐξελεξάμην ___ ἐκλέλεγμαι ___ἐκπίπτω I fall away fail 10

PP ___ ἐξέπεσον ἐκπέπτωκα ___ ___ἐκπλήσσομαι I am astonished amazed 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐξεπλάγηνἐκπορεύομαι I go out 33

PP ἐκπορεύσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___ἐκτείνω I stretch out 16

PP ἐκτενῶ ἐξέτεινα ___ ___ ___ἐκχέω I pour out 16

PP ἐκχεῶ ἐξέχεα ___ ___ ἐξεχύθηνἐκχύννομαι (cf ἐκχέω) I pour out 11

PP ___ ___ ___ ἐκκέχυμαι ___ἐλέγχω I convict reprove expose 17

PP ἐλέγξω ἤλεγξα ___ ___ ἠλέγχθηνἐλεέω I have mercy 29

PP ἐλεήσω ἠλέησα ___ ἠλέημαι ἠλεήθηνἐλπίζω I hope 31

PP ἐλπιῶ ἤλπισα ἤλπικα ___ ___ἐμβαίνω I embark step in 16

PP ___ ἐνέβην ___ ___ ___ἐμβλέπω I look at consider 12

PP ___ ἐνέβλεψα ___ ___ ___ἐμπαίζω I mock 13

PP ἐμπαίξω ἐνέπαιξα ___ ___ ἐνεπαίχθηνἐμφανίζω I manifest reveal 10

PP ἐμφανίσω ἐνεφάνισα ___ ___ ἐνεφανίσθηνἐνδείκνυμι I show forth demonstrate 11

PP ___ ἐνεδειξάμην ___ ___ ___ἐνδύω I put on clothe wear 27

PP ___ ἐνέδυσα ___ ἐνδέδυμαι ___ἐνεργέω I work produce 22

PP ___ ἐνήργησα ἐνήργηκα ___ ___ἐντέλλομαι I command 15

PP ἐντελοῦμαι ἐνετειλάμην ___ ἐντέταλμαι ___ἐντρέπω I make ashamed 9

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐνετράπηνἐξάγω I lead out bring out 12

PP ___ ἐξήγαγον ___ ___ ___ἐξαποστέλλω I send forth 13

PP ἐξαποστελῶ ἐξαπέστειλα ___ ___ ἐξαπεστάλην

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ἐξέρχομαι I go out 218PP ἐξελεύσομαι ἐξῆλθον ἐξελήλυθα ___ ___

ἔξεστι it is lawful (impersonal) 31ἐξίστημι I amaze am amazed confuse 17

PP ___ ἐξέστησα ἐξέστηκα ___ ___ἐξομολογέω I confess promise admit 10

PP ἐξομολογήσω ἐξωμολόγησα ___ ___ ___ἐξουθενέω I despise 11

PP ___ ἐξουθένησα ___ ἐξουθένημαι ἐξουθενήθηνἐπαγγέλλομαι I promise announce 15

PP ___ ἐπηγγειλάμην ___ ἐπήγγελμαι ___ἐπαίρω I lift up 19

PP ___ ἐπῆρα ἐπῆρκα ___ ἐπήρθηνἐπαισχύνομαι I am ashamed 11

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐπαισχύνθηνἐπέρχομαι I come upon appear attack 9

PP ἐπελεύσομαι ἐπῆλθον ___ ___ ___ἐπερωτάω I ask question 56

PP ἐπερωτήσω ἐηρώτησα ___ ___ ἐπηρωτήθηνἐπιβάλλω I lay on put on 18

PP ἐπιβαλῶ ἐπέβαλον ___ ___ ___ἐπιγινώσκω I come to know recognize 44

PP ἐπιγνώσομαι ἐπέγνων ἐπέγνωκα ___ ἐπεγνώσθηνἐπιδίδωμι I hand over deliver surrender 9

PP ἐπιδώσω ἐπέδωκα ἐπεδέδωκα ___ ἐπεδόθηνἐπιζητέω I search for 13

PP ___ ἐπεζήτησα ___ ___ ___ἐπιθυμέω I desire 16

PP ἐπιθυμήσω ἐπεθύμησα ___ ___ ___ἐπικαλέω I call name Mid invoke 30

PP ___ ἐπεκάλεσα ___ ἐπικέκλημαι ἐπεκλήθηνἐπιλαμβάνομαι I take hold of catch arrest 19

PP ___ ἐπελαβόμην ___ ___ ___ἐπιμένω I continue persist 16

PP ἐπιμενῶ ἐπέμεινα ___ ___ ___ἐπιπίπτω I fall upon come upon 11

PP ___ ἐπέπεσον ἐπιπέπτωκα ___ ___ἐπιποθέω I desire 9

PP ___ ἐπεπόθησα ___ ___ ___ἐπισκέπτομαι I visit care for 11

PP ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπεσκεψάμην ___ ___ ___ἐπίσταμαι I understand 14ἐπιστρέφω I turn to return 36

PP ἐπιστρέψω ἐπέστρεψα ___ ___ ἐπεστράφηνἐπιτάσσω I order command 10

PP ___ ἐπέταξα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτελέω I complete finish perform 10

PP ἐπιτελέσω ἐπετέλεσα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτίθημι I lay upon inflict upon 39

PP ἐπιθήσω ἐπέθηκαἐπέθην ___ ___ ___ἐπιτιμάω I rebuke warn 29

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PP ___ ἐπετίμησα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτρέπω I permit 18

PP ___ ἐπέτρεψα ___ ___ ἐπετράπηνἐργάζομαι I work 41

PP ___ ἠργασάμην ___ εἴργασμαι ___ἔρχομαι I come go 632

PP ἐλεύσομαι ἦλθον ἐλήλυθα ___ ___ἐρωτάω I ask request 63

PP ἐρωτήσω ἠρώτησα ___ ___ ___ἐσθίω I eat 158

PP φάγομαι ἔφαγον ___ ___ ___ἑτοιμάζω I prepare 40

PP ἑτοιμάσω ἡτοίμασα ἡτοίμακα ἡτοίμασμαι ἡτοιμάσθηνεὐαγγελίζω I proclaim preach good news 54

PP ___ εὐηγγέλισα ___ εὐηγγέλισμαι εὐηγγελίσθηνεὐδοκέω I am pleased with 21

PP ___ εὐδόκησα ___ ___ ___εὐλογέω I bless 41

PP εὐλογήσω εὐλόγησα εὐλόγηκα εὐλόγημαι εὐλογήθηνεὑρίσκω I find 176

PP εὑρήσω εὗρον εὕρηκα ___ εὑρέθηνεὐφραίνω I rejoice 14

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ηὐφράνθηνεὐχαριστέω I give thanks 38

PP ___ εὐχαρίστησα ___ ___ εὐχαριστήθηνἐφίστημι I stand over come upon attack 21

PP ___ ἐπέστην ἐφέστηκα ___ ___ἔχω I have keep 708

PP ἕξω ἔσχον ἔσχηκα ___ ___ζάω I live 140

PP ζήσω ἔζησα ___ ___ ___ζηλόω I am zealous 11

PP ___ ἐζήλωσα ___ ___ ___ζητέω I seek desire request 117

PP ζητήσω ἐζήτησα ___ ___ ἐζητήθηνζῳοποιέω I make alive 11

PP ζῳοποιήσω ἐζῳοποίησα ___ ___ ἐζῳοποιήθηνἡγέομαι I lead guide think regard 28

PP ___ ἡγησάμην ___ ἥγημαι ___ἥκω I have come 26

PP ἥξω ἧξα ἥκα ___ ___θανατόω I put to death kill 11

PP θανατώσω ἐθανάτωσα ___ ___ ἐθανατώθηνθάπτω I bury 11

PP ___ ἔθαψα ___ ___ ἐτάφηνθαυμάζω I marvel wonder (at) 43

PP θαυμάσομαι ἐθαύμασα ___ ___ ἐθαυμάσθηνθεάομαι I see look at 22

PP ___ ἐθεασάμην ___ τεθέαμαι ἐθεάθηνθέλω I will wish desire 208

PP θελήσω ἠθέλησα ___ ___ ἠθελήθην

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θεραπεύω I heal 43PP θεραπεύσω ἐθεράπευσα ___ τεθεράπευμαι ἐθεραπεύθην

θερίζω I reap harvest 21PP θερίσω ἐθέρισα ___ ____ ἐθερίσθην

θεωρέω I look at see 58PP ___ ἐθεώρησα ___ ___ ___

θλίβω I press oppress 10PP ___ ___ ___ τέθλιμμαι ἐθλίβην

θνῄσκω I die 9PP ___ ___ τέθνηκα ___ ___

θύω I sacrifice kill 14PP ___ ἔθυσα ___ τέθυμαι ἐτύθην

ἰάομαι I heal 26PP ἰάσομαι ἰασάμην ___ ἴαμαι ἰάθην

ἵστημι I stand set 153PP στήσω ἔστησα ἕστηκαἔστην ἕσταμαι ἐστάθην

ἰσχύω I am strong able healthy 28PP ἰσχύσω ἴσχυσα ___ ___ ___

καθαιρέω I tear down conquer destroy 9PP καθελῶ καθεῖλον ___ ___ ___

καθαρίζω I cleanse purify 31PP καθαριῶ ἐκαθάρισα ___ κεκαθάρισμαι ἐκαθαρίσθην

καθεύδω I sleep 22κάθημαι I sit live 91

PP καθήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___καθίζω I seat sit 46

PP καθίσω ἐκάθισα κεκάθικα ___ ___καθίστημικαθιστάνω I set appoint 21

PP καταστήσω κατέστησα ___ ___ κατεστάθηνκαίω I burn 12

PP ___ ἔκαυσα ___ κεκαύμαι ἐκαύθηνκαλέω I call invite 148

PP καλέσω ἐκάλεσα κέκληκα κέκλημαι ἐκλήθηνκαταβαίνω I go down descend 81

PP καταβήσομαι κατέβην καταβέβηκα ___ ___καταγγέλλω I proclaim 18

PP ___ κατήγγειλα ___ ___ κατηγγέληνκατάγω I bring down 9

PP ___ κατήγαγον ___ ___ κατήχθηνκαταισχύνω I put to shame 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ κατῃσχύνθηνκατακαίω I burn down consume 12

PP κατακαύσω κατέκαυσα ___ ___ κατεκαύθηνκατάκειμαι I lie down dine 12κατακρίνω I condemn 18

PP κατακρινῶ κατέκρινα ___ κατακέκριμαι κατεκρίθηνκαταλαμβάνω I overtake catch seize 15

PP ___ κατέλαβον κατείληφα κατείλημμαι κατελήμφθηνκαταλείπω I leave abandon 24

PP κατακείψω κατέλιπον ___ καταλέλειμμαι κατελείφθηνκαταλύω I destroy I lodge 17

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PP καταλύσω κατέλυσα ___ ___ κατελύθηνκατανοέω I observe notice consider 14

PP ___ κατενόησα ___ ___ ___καταντάω I come to arrive 13

PP ___ κατήντησα κατήντηκα ___ ___καταργέω I abolish bring to naught 27

PP καταργήσω κατήργησα κατήργηκα κατήργημαικατηργήθηνκαταρτίζω I mend fit perfect 13

PP καταρτίσω κατήρτισα ___ κατήρτισμαι ___κατασκευάζω I prepare 11

PP κατασκευάσω κατεσκεύασα ___ κατεσκεύασμαι κατεσκευάσθηνκαταφρονέω I despise look down on 9

PP καταφρονήσω κατεγρόνησα ___ ___ ___κατεργάζομαι I work out achieve 22

PP ___ κατειργασάμην ___ κατείργασμαι κατειργάσθηνκατέρχομαι I come down go down 16

PP ___ κατῆλθον ___ ___ ___κατεσθίω I eat up devour 14

PP καταφάγομαι κατέφαγον ___ ___ ___κατέχω I hold back suppress hold fast 17

PP ___ κατέσχον ___ ___ ___κατηγορέω I accuse 23

PP κατηγορήσω κατηγόρησα ___ ___ ___κατοικέω I live dwell inhabit 44

PP ____ κατῷκησα ___ ___ ___καυχάομαι I boast 37

PP καυχήσομαι ἐκαυχησάμην ___ κεκαύχημαι ___κεῖμαι I lie recline am laid 24κελεύω I order command 25

PP ___ ἐκέλευσα ___ ___ ___κερδαίνω I gain profit 17

PP κερδήσω ἐκέρδησα ___ ___ ἐκερδήθηνκηρύσσω I proclaim preach 61

PP κηρύξω ἐκήρυξα ___ ___ ἐκηρύχθηνκλαίω I weep 40

PP κλαύσω ἔκλαυσα ___ ___ ___κλάω I break 14

PP ___ ἔκλασα ___ ___ ___κλείω I shut lock 16

PP κλείσω ἔκλεισα ___ κέκλεισμαι ἐκλείσθηνκλέπτω I steal 13

PP κλέψω ἔκλεψα ___ ___ ___κληρονομέω I inherit 18

PP κληρονομήσω ἐκληρονόμησα κεκληρονόμηκα ___ ___κοιμάομαι I sleep 18

PP ___ ___ ___ κεκοίμημαι ἐκοιμήθηνκοινόω I make common defile 14

PP ___ ἐκοίνωσα κεκοίνωκα κεκοίνωμαι ___κολλάω I unite join 12

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐκολλήθην

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κομίζω I bring Mid receive 10PP κομίσομαι ἐκόμισα ___ ___ ___

κοπιάω I labor work hard 23PP ___ ἐκοπίασα κεκοπίακα ___ ___

κοσμέω I adorn put in order 10PP ___ ἐκόσμησα ___ κεκόσμημαι ___

κράζω I cry out 55PP κράξω ἔκραξα κέκραγα ___ ___

κρατέω I grasp attain 47PP κρατήσω ἐκράτησα κεκράτηκα κεκράτημαι ___

κρίνω I judge decide 114PP κρινῶ ἔκρινα κέκρικα κέκριμαι ἐκρίθην

κρούω I knock 9PP ___ ἔκρουσα ___ ___ ___

κρύπτω I conceal hide 18PP ___ ἔκρυψα ___ κέκρυμμαι ἐκρύβην

κτίζω I create make 15PP ____ ἔκτισα ___ ἔκτισμαι ἐκτίσθην

κωλύω I forbid hinder 23PP ___ ἐκώλυσα ___ ___ ἐκωλύθην

λαλέω I speak say 296PP λαλήσω ἐλάλησα λελάληκα λελάλημαι ἐλαλήθην

λαμβάνω I take receive seize 258PP λήμψομαι ἔλαβον εἴληφα εἴλημμαι ἐλήμφθην

λατρεύω I serve worship 21PP λατρεύσω ἐλάτρευσα ___ ___ ___

λέγω I say tell declare 1329PP ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρέθην

λιθάζω I stone 9PP ___ ἐλίθασα ___ ___ ἐλιθάσθην

λογίζομαι I calculate account reckon 40PP ___ ἐλογισάμην ___ ___ ἐλογίσθην

λυπέω I grieve 26PP ___ ἐλύπησα λελύπηκα ___ ἐλυπήθην

λύω I loose destroy 42PP λύσω ἔλυσα ___ λέλυμαι ἐλύθην

μακροθυμέω I am patient 10PP ___ ἐμακροθύμησα ___ ___ ___

μανθάνω I learn 25PP ___ ἔμαθον μεμάθηκα ___ ___

μαρτυρέω I testify bear witness 76PP ματυρήσω ἐμαρτύρησα μεμαρτύρηκα μεμαρτύρημαι ἐμαρτυρήθην

μέλει it is a care 10μέλλω I am about to 109

PP μελλήσω ___ ___ ___ ___μένω I remain stay live 118

PP μενῶ ἔμεινα μεμένηκα ___ ___μερίζω I divide separate 14

PP ___ ἐμέρισα μεμέρικα μεμέρισμαι ἐμερίσθηνμεριμνάω I am anxious distracted 19

PP μεριμνήσω ἐμερίμνησα ___ ___ ___

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μεταβαίνω I depart pass over 12PP μεταβήσομαι μετέβην μεταβέβηκα ___ ___

μετανοέω I repent change my mind 34PP μετανοήσω μετενόησα ___ ___ ___

μεταπέμπω I send for 9PP ___ μετέπεμψα ___ ___ μετεπέμφθην

μετρέω I measure apportion 11PP ___ ἐμέτρησα ___ ___ ἐμετρήθην

μιμνῄσκομαι I remember 23PP ___ ___ ___ μέμνημαι ἐμνήσθην

μισέω I hate 40PP μισήσω ἐμίσησα μεμίσηκα μεμίσημαι ___

μνημονεύω I remember 21PP ___ ἐμνημόνευσα ___ ___ ___

μοιχεύω I commit adultery 15PP μοιχεύσω ἐμοίχευσα ___ ___ ἐμοιχεύθην

νηστεύω I fast 20PP νηστεύσω ἐνήστευσα ___ ___ ___

νικάω I conquer 28PP νικήσω ἐνίκησα νενίκηκα ___ ἐνικήθην

νίπτω I wash 17PP ___ ἔνιψα ___ ___ ___

νοέω I understand 14PP ___ ἐνόησα νενόηκα ___ ____

νομίζω I suppose think 15PP ___ ἐνόμισα ___ ___ ___

ξενίζω I entertain startle 10PP ___ ἐξένισα ___ ___ ἐξενίσθην

ξηραίνω I dry up wither 15PP ___ ἐξήρανα ___ ἐξήραμμαι ἐξηράνθην

οἴδα (= perf of stem εἰδ-) I know understand 318PP εἰδήσω ___ οἶδα ___ ___

οἰκέω I live 9οἰκοδομέω I build edify erect 40

PP οἰκοδομήσω ᾠκοδόμησα ___ ___ οἰκοδομήθηνὀμνύωὄμνυμι I swear 26

PP ___ ὤμοσα ___ ___ ___ὁμοιόω I make like liken compare 15

PP ὁμοιώσω ὡμοίωσα ___ ___ ὡμοιώθηνὁμολογέω I confess promise 26

PP ὁμολογήσω ὡμολόγησα ___ ___ ___ὀνειδίζω I reproach insult 9

PP ___ ὠνείδισα ___ ___ ___ὀνομάζω I name 10

PP ___ ὠνόμασα ___ ___ ὠνομάσθηνὁράω I see 113

PP ὄψομαι εἶδον ἑώρακαἑόρακα ___ ὤφθηνὀφείλω I owe ought 35παιδεύω I teach train educate 13

PP ___ ἐπαίδευσα ___ πεπαίδευμαι ἐπαιδεύθηνπαραγγέλλω I command order charge 32

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PP ___ παρήγγειλα ___ παρήγγελμαι ___παραγίνομαι I come arrive 37

PP ___ παρεγενόμην ___ ___ ___παράγω I pass by 10παραδίδωμι I hand over betray entrust 119

PP παραδώσω παρέδωκα παραδέδωκα παραδέδομαι παρεδόθηνπαραιτέομαι I make excuse refuse reject 12

PP ___ παρῃτησάμην ___ παρῄτημαι ___παρακαλέω I call urge exhort console 109

PP ___ παρεκάλεσα ___ παρακέκλημαι παρεκλήθηνπαραλαμβάνω I take receive accept 49

PP παραλήμψομαι παρέλαβον ___ ___ παρελήμφθηνπαρατίθημι I set before 19

PP παραθήσω παρέθηκα ___ ___ παρετέθηνπάρειμι I have arrived am present 24

PP παρέσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___παρέρχομαι I pass by pass away arrive 29

PP παρελεύσομαι παρῆλθον παρελήλυθα ___ ___παρέχω I offer afford 16

PP παρέξω παρέσχον ___ ___ ___παρίστημι I am present approach stand by 41

PP παραστήσω παρέστησα παρέστηκα ___ παρεστάθηνπαρρησιάζομαι I speak freely 9

PP ___ ἐπαρρησιασάμην ___ ___ ___πάσχω I suffer endure 42

PP ___ ἔπαθον πέπονθα ___ ___πατάσσω I strike hit 10

PP πατάξω ἐπάταξα ___ ___ ___παύω I cease stop 15

PP παύσομαι ἔπαυσα ___ πέπαυμαι ___πείθω I persuade convince 52

PP πείσω ἔπεισα πέποιθα πέπεισμαι ἐπείσθηνπεινάω I hunger 23

PP πεινάσω ἐπείνασα ___ ___ ___πειράζω I test tempt 38

PP ___ ἐπείρασα ___ πεπείρασμαι ἐπειράσθηνπέμπω I send 79

PP πέμψω ἔπεμψα ___ ___ ἐπέμφθηνπενθέω I grieve 10

PP πενθήσω ἐπένθησα ___ ___ ___περιβάλλω I clothe put around 23

PP περιβαλῶ περιέβαλον ___ περιβέβλημαι ___περιπατέω I walk live 95

PP περιπατήσω περιεπάτησα ___ ___ ___περισσεύω I abound am rich 39

PP ___ ἐπερίσσευσα ___ ___ ἐπερισσεύθηνπεριτέμνω I circumcise 17

PP ___ περιέτεμον ___ περιτέτμημαι περιετμήθηνπιάζω I take seize 12

PP ___ ἐπίασα ___ ___ ἐπιάσθηνπίμπλημι I fill 24

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PP ___ ἔπλησα ___ ___ ἐπλήσθηνπίνω I drink 73

PP πίομαι ἔπιον πέπωκα ___ ___πιπράσκω I sell 9

PP ___ ___ πέπρακα πέπραμαι ἐπράθηνπίπτω I fall 90

PP πεσοῦμαι ἔπεσον πέπτωκα ___ ___πιστεύω I believe (in) have faith (in) 241

PP πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα πεπίστευμαι ἐπιστεύθηνπλανάω I lead astray misguide 39

PP πλανήσω ἐπλάνησα ___ πεπλάνημαι ἐπλανήθηνπλεονάζω I grow increase 9

PP ___ ἐπλεόνασα ___ ___ ___πληθύνω I multiply increase 12

PP πληθυνῶ ἐπλήθυνα ___ ___ ἐπληθύνθηνπληρόω I fill finish fulfill 86

PP πληρώσω ἐπλήρωσα πεπλήρωκα πεπλήρωμαι ἐπληρώθηνπλουτέω I am rich generous 12

PP ___ ἐπλούτησα πεπλούτηκα ___ ___ποιέω I do make 568

PP ποιήσω ἐποίησα πεποίηκα πεποίημαι ___ποιμαίνω I shepherd protect rule 11

PP ποιμανῶ ἐποίμανα ___ ___ ___πορεύομαι I go live 153

PP πορεύσομαι ___ ___ πεπόρευμαι ἐπορεύθηνποτίζω I give to drink water 15

PP ___ ἐπότισα πεπότικα ___ ἐποτίσθηνπράσσω I do perform 39

PP πράξω ἔπραξα πέπραχα πέπραγμαι ___ προάγω I lead forth go before 20

PP πρόαξω προήγαγον ___ ___ ___προεῖπον (cf προλέγω λέγω εἶπον) I foretell 12προέρχομαι I proceed 9

PP προελεύσομαι προῆλθον ___ ___ ___προπέμπω I accompany help on onersquos journey 9

PP ___ προέπεμψα ___ ___ προεπέμφθηνπροσδέχομαι I receive wait for 14

PP ___ προσεδεξάμην ___ ___ ___προσδοκάω I wait for expect 16προσέρχομαι I come to go to 86

PP ___ προσῆλθον προσελήλυθα ___ ___προσεύχομαι I pray 85

PP προσεύξομαι προσηυξάμην ___ ___ ___προσέχω I attend to pay attention to 24

PP ___ ___ προσέσχηκα ___ ___προσκαλέομαι I summon invite call 29

PP ___ προσεκαλεσάμην ___ προσκέλημαι ___προσκαρτερέω I continue inwith 10

PP προσκαρτερήσω ___ ___ ___ ___προσκυνέω I worship 60

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PP προσκυνήσω προσεκύνησα ___ ___ ___προσλαμβάνω I receive accept 12

PP ___ προσέλαβον προσείληφα ___ ___προστίθημι I add to increase 18

PP ___ προσέθηκα ___ ___ προσετέθηνπροσφέρω I bring to offer 47

PP ___ προσήνεγκα προσενήνοχα ___ προσηνέχθηνπροφητεύω I prophesy preach 28

PP προφηρεύσω ἐπροφήτευσα ___ ___ ___πυνθάνομαι I inquire ask 12

PP ___ ἐπυθόμην ___ ___ ___πωλέω I sell 22

PP ____ ἐπώλησα ___ ___ ___ῥύομαι I rescue deliver 17

PP ῥύσομαι ἐρρυσάμην ___ ___ ἐρρύσθηνσαλεύω I shake 15

PP ___ ἐσάλευσα ___ σεσάλευμαι ἐσαλεύθηνσαλπίζω I sound the trumpet 12

PP σαλπίσω ἐσάλπισα ___ ___ ___σέβομαι I worship 10σιγάω I am silent 10

PP ___ ἐσίγησα ___ σεσίμημαι ___σιωπάω I am silent 10

PP σιωπήσω ἐσιώπησα ___ ___ ___σκανδαλίζω I cause to stumble cause to sin 29

PP ___ ἐσκανδάλισα ___ ___ ἐσκανδαλίσθηνσπείρω I sow (seed) 52

PP ___ ἔσπειρα ___ ἔσπαρμαι ἐσπάρηνσπλαγχνίζομαι I have compassion pity 12

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐσπλαγχνίσθηνσπουδάζω I hasten am eager 11

PP σπουδάσω ἐσπούδασα ___ ___ ___σταυρόω I crucify 46

PP σταυρώσω ἐσταύρωσα ___ ἐσταύρωμαι ἐσταυρώθηνστήκω (cf ἵστημι) I stand stand fast 10

PP ___ ___ ἕστηκα ___ ___στηρίζω I establish support 13

PP στηρίξω ἐστήριξα ___ ἐστήριγμαι ἐστηρίχθηνστρέφω I turn change 21

PP ___ ἔστρεψα ___ ___ ἐστράφηνσυζητέω I discuss dispute 10συλλαμβάνω I seize conceive arrest 16

PP συλλήμψομαι συνέλαβον συνείληφα ___ συνελήμφθηνσυμφέρω I bring together 15

PP ___ συνήνεγκα ___ ___ ___συνάγω I gather together invite 59

PP συνάξω συνήγαγον ___ συνῆγμαι συνήχθηνσυνέρχομαι I come together 30

PP ___ συνῆλθον συνελήλυθα ___ ___συνέχω I oppress hold fast urge on 12

PP συνέξω συνέσχον ___ ___ ___

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287

συνίημι I understand 26PP συνήσω συνῆκα ___ ___ ___

συνίστημι I commend Intrans stand with 16PP ___ συνέστησα συνέστηκα ___ ___

σφάζω I slay murder 10PP σφάξω ἔσφαξα ___ ἔσφαγμαι ἐσφάγην

σφραγίζω I seal mark 15PP ___ ἐσφράγισα ___ ἐσφράγισμαι ἐσφραγίσθην

σχίζω I split divide tear 11PP σχίσω ἔσχισα ___ ___ ἐσχίσθην

σῴζω I save rescue 106PP σώσω ἔσωσα σέσωκα σέσῳσμαι ἐσώθην

ταπεινόω I humble 14PP ταπεινώσω ἐταπείνωσα ___ ___ ἐταπεινώθην

ταράσσω I trouble disturb 17PP ___ ἐτάραξα ___ τετάραγμαι ἐταράχθην

τελειόω I fulfill make perfect 23PP ___ ἐτελείωσα τετελείωκα τετελείωμαι ἐτελειώθην

τελευτάω I die 11PP ___ ἐτελεύτησα τετελεύτηκα ___ ____

τελέω I finish complete fulfill 28PP τελέσω ἐτέλεσα τετέλεκα τετέλεκα τετέλεσμαι ἐτελέσθην

τηρέω I keep guard 70PP τηρήσω ἐτήρησα τετεήρηκα τετήρημαι ἐτηρήθην

τίθημι I put place set 100PP θήσω ἔθηκα τέθεικα τέθειμαι ἐτέθην

τίκτω I give birth to bear 18PP τέξομαι ἔτεκον ___ ___ ἐτέχθην

τιμάω I honor 21PP τιμήσω ἐτίμησα ___ τετίμημαι ___

τολμάω I dare 16PP τολμήσω ἐτόλμησα ___ ___ ___

τρέφω I feed nourish train 9PP ___ ἔθρεψα ___ τέθραμμαι ___

τρέχω I run 20PP ___ ἔδραμον ___ ___ ___

τυγχάνω I obtain happen 12PP τεύξομαι ἔτυχον τέτευχα ___ ___

τύπτω I smite hit 13ὑγιαίνω I am healthy 12ὑπάγω I go away go depart 79ὑπακούω I obey follow 21

PP ___ ὑπήκουσα ___ ___ ___ὑπαντάω I meet go to meet 10

PP ___ ὑπήντησα ___ ___ ___ὑπάρχω I am exist 60ὑπομένω I remain endure 17

PP ὑπομενῶ ὑπέμεινα ὑπομεμένηκα ___ ___ὑποστρέφω I return turn back 35

PP ὑποστρέψω ὑπέστρεψα ___ ___ ___ὑποτάσσω I subject subordinate 38

288

288

PP ___ ὑπέταξα ___ ὑποτέταγμαι ὑπετάγηνὑστερέω I lack miss 16

PP ___ ὑστέρησα ὑστέρηκα ___ ὑστερήθηνὑψόω I lift up exalt 20

PP ὑψώσω ὕψωσα ___ ___ ὑψώθηνφαίνω I shine appear 31

PP φανήσομαι ἔφανα ___ ___ ἐφάνηνφανερόω I reveal make known 49

PP φανερώσω ἐφανέρωσα ___ πεφανέρωμαι ἐφανερώθηνφείδομαι I spare refrain 10

PP φείσομαι ἐφεισάμην ___ ___ ___φέρω I bear carry endure 66

PP οἴσω ἤνεγκα ___ ___ ἠνέχθηνφεύγω I flee escape 29

PP φεύξομαι ἔφυγον ___ ___ ___φημί I say 66

PP ___ ἔφη ___ ___ ___φθείρω I ruin corrupt destroy 9

PP ___ ἔφθειρα ___ ___ ἐφθάρηνφιλέω I love like 25

PP ___ ἐφίλησα πεφίληκα ___ ___φοβέομαι I fear 95

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐφοβήθηνφονεύω I kill murder 12

PP φονεύσω ἐφόνευσα ___ ___ ___φρονέω I think 26

PP φρονήσω ___ ___ ___ ___φυλάσσω I guard protect 31

PP φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα ___ ___ ___φυτεύω I plant 11

PP ___ ἐφύτευσα ___ πεφύτευμαι ἐφυτεύθηνφωνέω I call 43

PP φωνήσω ἐφώνησα ___ ___ ἐφωνήθηνφωτίζω I give light enlighten 11

PP φωτίσω ἐφώτισα ___ πεφώτισμαι ἐφωτίσθηνχαίρω I rejoice 74

PP χαρήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ἐχάρηνχαρίζομαι I forgive give freely 23

PP χαρίσομαι ἐχαρισάμην ___ κεχάρισμαι ἐχαρίσθηνχορτάζω I eat to the full am satisfied 16

PP ___ ἐχόρτασα ___ ___ ἐχορτάσθηνχράομαι I use employ 11

PP ___ ἐχρησάμην ___ κέχρημαι ___χρηματίζω I warn 9

PP χρηματίσω ἐχρημάτισα ___ κεχρημάτισμαι ἐχρηματίσθηνχωρέω I make room give way 10

PP χωρήσω ἐχώρησα ___ ___ ___χωρίζω I separate depart 13

PP χωρίσω ἐχωρισα ___ κεχώρισμαι ἐχωρίσθηνψεύδομαι I lie 12

PP ψεύσομαι ἐψευσάμην ___ ___ ___

289

289

ὠφελέω I profit benefit 15PP ὠφελήσω ὠφέλησα ___ ___ ὠφελήθην

290

290

Appendix 5Total Review Quick Starters

Six Principal parts λύω (PAI) λύσω (FAI) ἔλυσα (AAI) λέλυκα (RAI) λέλυ μαι (R MPI) ἐλύθην (API)

Present Active Future Active I looseam loosing I will loose (+ σ)λύ ω λύ σω λύ εις λύ σειςλύ ει λύ σει λύ ομεν λύ σομεν λύ ετε λύ σετελύ ουσι(ν) λύ σουσι(ν)

Present MidPass Future MiddleI am loosed I will loose myself λύ ομαι λύ σομαι λύ ῃ λύ σῃλύ εται λύ σεται λυ όμεθα λυ σόμεθα λύ εσθε λύ σεσθε λύ ονται λύ σονται

Remember LeMoNeRs

Contract Verbs Future Passive ἀγαπάω I will be loosed ποιέω λυθήσ ομαι πληρόω λυθήσ ῃ

λυθήσ εται λυθησ όμεθα λυθήσ εσθε λυθήσ ονται

Primary Active Endings ω εις ει ομεν ετε ουσι(ν)

Primary MidPass Endings oμαι ῃ εται ομεθα εσθε ονται

291

291

Appendix 5 Total Review Quick Starters


Secondary Endings

Imperfect Act 1st Aorist Act 2nd Aorist Act Perfect ActiveI was loosing (Aug) I loosed (Aug+ σα) I took (Aug+Root) I have loosed ἔλυ ον ἔλυσα ἔλαβο ν λέλυκα ἔλυ ες ἔλυσα ς ἔλαβε ς λέλυκα ςἔλυ ε(ν) ἔλυσ ε(ν) ἔλαβε (ν) λέλυκε (ν)ἐλύ ομεν ἐλύσα μεν ἐλάβο μεν λελύκα μενἐλύ ετε ἐλύσα τε ἐλάβε τε λελύκα τε ἔλυ ον ἐλύσα ν ἔλαβο ν λελύκα σι(ν)

Impf MidPass 1st Aorist Mid 2nd Aorist Mid Perfect MidPassI was being loosed I loosed myself I became I have been loosedἐλυ όμην ἐλυσά μην ἐγενό μην λέλυ μαιἐλύ ου ἐλύσ ω ἐγέν ου λέλυ σαιἐλύ ετο ἐλύσα το ἐγένε το λέλυ ταιἐλυ όμεθα ἐλυσά μεθα ἐγενό μεθα λέλυ μεθαἐλύ εσθε ἐλυσα σθε ἐγένε σθε λέλυ σθεἐλύ οντο ἐλύσα ντο ἐγένο ντο λέλυ νται

(Redup + κα)

1st Aorist Pass 2nd Aor Pass PluperfectI was loosed I was raised I had loosedἐλύθη ν ἠγέρθη ν ἐλελύκει ν ἐλύθη ς ἠγέρθη ς ἐλελύκει ς ἐλύθη ἠγέρθη ἐλελύκειἐλύθη μεν ἠγέρθη μεν ἐλελύκει μενἐλύθη τε ἠγέρθη τε ἐλελύκει τε ἐλύθη σαν ἠγέρθη σαν ἐλελύκει σαν

εἰμί I am I was I will be εἰμί εἶ ἐστίν ἐσμέν ἐστέ εἰσί(ν) Secondary Active Endings (Aug or Redupl) ἤμην ἦς ἦν ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν ν ς ε μεν τε ν ἔσομαι ἔσῃ ἔσται Secondary Mid Endings ἐσόμεθα ἔσεσθε ἔσονται ομην ου ετο ομεθα εσθε οντο

292


Nouns Nom = Subject Gen = of a word Dat = tobyforat a word Acc = Object 2 1 2 Article word (m) writing (f) temple (n) the (m) the (f) the (n)Nom Sg λόγος γραφή ἱερόν ὁ ἡ τό Gen Sg λόγου γραφῆς ἱεροῦ τοῦ τῆς τοῦ Dat Sg λόγῳ γραφῇ ἱερῷ τῷ τῇ τῷAcc Sg λόγον γραφήν ἱερόν τόν τήν τόNom Pl λόγοι γραφαί ἱερά οἱ αἱ τά Gen Pl λόγων γραφῶν ἱερῶν τῶν τῶν τῶν Dat Pl λόγοις γραφαῖς ἱεροῖς τοῖς ταῖς τοῖς Acc Pl λόγους γραφάς ἱερά τούς τάς τά

3 3 3 grace (f) faith (f) name (n)Nom Sg χάρις πίστις ὄνομα Gen Sg χάριτος πίστεως ὀνόματος Dat Sg χάριτι πίστει ὀνόματι Acc Sg χάριτα πίστιν ὄνομα Nom Pl χάριτες πίστεις ὀνόματα Gen Pl χαρίτων πίστεων ὀνομάτων Dat Pl χάρισι(ν) πίστεσι(ν) ὀνόμασι(ν) Acc Pl χάριτας πίστεις ὀνόματα All-ways remember πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns I you he she it

Nom Sg ἐγώ σύ αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό Gen Sg μου σου αὐτοῦ αὐτῆς αὐτοῦDat Sg μοι σοι αὐτῷ αὐτῇ αὐτῷAcc Sg με σε αὐτόν αὐτήν αὐτόNom Pl ἡμεῖς ὑμεῖς αὐτοί αὐταί αὐτάGen Pl ἡμῶν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν αὐτῶν αὐτῶνDat Pl ἡμῖν ὑμῖν αὐτοίς αὐταῖς αὐτοῖςAcc Pl ἡμάς ὑμᾶς αὐτούς αὐτάς αὐτά

Demonstrative PronounsThis οὗτος τούτου τούτῳ τούτον οὗτοι τούτων τούτοις τούτους

αὕτη ταύτης ταύτῃ ταύτην αὗται τούτων ταύταις ταύτας τοῦτο τούτου τούτῳ τούτο ταῦτα τούτων τούτοις ταῦτα That ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο (2-1-2 regular)

ἐκείνου ἐκείνης ἐκείνου etc

Reciprocal Pronounἀλλήλωνone another

293


Relative Pronouns who (m) who (f) which (n)

Nom Sg ὅς ἥ ὅ Gen Sg οὗ ἧς οὗ Dat Sg ᾧ ᾗ ᾧ Acc Sg ὅν ἥν ὅ Nom Pl οἵ αἵ ἅ Gen Pl ὧν ὧν ὧν Dat Pl οἷς αἷς οἷς Acc Pl οὕς ἅς ἅ

Reflexive Pronounsἐμαυτοῦ ἐμαυτῷ ἐμαυτῆς ἐμαυτῇ myselfσεαυτοῦ σεαυτῷ σεαυτῆς σεαυτῇ yourselfἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ himself herself itself

Participle Paradise

Present Active Participles (while loosing(-Art) one loosing(Subst -Noun) the soldier loosing(+Art)

3 1 3 Nom λύων λύουσα λῦον Gen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντος

Present MiddlePassive Participles (while being loosed one being loosed) 2 1 2

Nom λυόμενος λυομένη λυόμενον Gen λυομένου λυομένης λυομένου

Present Active Participle of εἰμι (while being one being the soldier being) 3 1 3

Nom ὤν οὖσα ὄν Gen ὄντος οὔσης ὄντος

First Aorist Active Participles (after loosing one loosed the soldier who loosed) 3 1 3

Nom λύσας λύσασα λῦσαν Gen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντος

First Aorist Middle Participles (after loosing herself one who loosed herself ) 2 1 2

Nom λυσάμενος λυσαμένη λυσάμενον Gen λυσαμένου λυσαμένης λυσαμένου

First Aorist Passive Participles (after being loosed one being loosed) 3 1 3

Nom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθέν Gen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντος

294


Second Aorists Ptc (after seeing after coming after saying)present Ptc endingsἰδων ἰδόντος ἰδόντι (εἰδόν I saw)ἐλθών ἐλθόντος ἐλθόντι (ἠλθον I came)εἰπών εἰπόντος εἰπόντι (εἰπον I said)

Perfect Active Participles (after having loosed one who has loosed) 3 1 3 Nom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκός Gen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότος

Perfect MiddlePassive Participles (after having been loosed one who has been loosed) 2 1 2

Nom λελυμένος λελυμένη λελυμένον Gen λελυμένου λελυμένης λελυμένου

Verb Principle Parts

5 verbal bad boys (cf Appendix 4)Present Form Future 2nd Aorist Perfect Aor Passἔρχομαι ἐλεύσομαι ἦλθον ἐλήλυθα ---βλέπωὁράω ὄψομαι εἶδον ἑώρακα ὤφθην λέγω ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα ἐρρέθηνφέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα ἐνήνοχα ἠνέχθην ἐσθίω φάγομαι ἔφαγον --- ---

Periphrastics Translated tense Periphrastic Construction Present Present εἰμί + Present Ptc Imperfect Imperfect εἰμι + Present Ptc Future Future εἰμι + Present Ptc Perfect Present εἰμί + Perf PtcPluperfect Imperfect εἰμί + Perf PtcFuture Perfect Future εἰμί + Perf Ptc

Greek Tricky Little Troublemakersἡ = Art Nom Sg Fem (the) ὁ = Art Masc Sg Nom (the) ἦς = 2rd Sg IAI εἰμί you wereἥ = Relative Pron Fem (who) ὅ = Rel Pron Masc (who) ἥς = Rel Pron Fem Gen Sg ἤ = Conjunction = or than either ἦν = 3rd Sg IAI εἰμί she wasἦ = 3rd Sg PASubjunctive from εἰμί (may she) ἥν = Rel Pron Fem Acc Sg (who)αὐτή = 3rd Sg Fem Nom ndashshe (αὑτός) οὐ = Neg Adv ldquonordquoαὕτη = Dem Pron Fem Nom Sgmdashthis (οὗτος) οὗ = Rel Pron Gen Sg ldquowhordquo

295


Adjectives Attributive The good person (2 forms) -- adj has Article

ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός Predicate The person is good (2 forms) -- no Article on adj

ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθός or ἀγαθός ὁ ἄνθρωπος Substantive the good one Adjective plays noun when no noun modified found

Adjective Paradigm 2-1-2 ἀγαθός ἀγαθή ἀγαθόν

Prepositions Chartπερί μετά -- with around on σύν - - withabout ἐπί -- upon

πρός ἐν ἀπό to in from

εἰς ἐκ into out of

διά -- through κατά against down

296


Moody Review Charts Infinitives Imperatives SubjunctivesInfinitives Imperatives Present - to continue to loose Present Aoristλύειν λύεσθαι 2 λῦε λῦσονFirst Aorist - to loose 3 λυέτω λυσάτωλῦσαι λύσασθαι λυθῆναι 2 λυετε λῦσατεSecond Aorist 3 λυέτωσαν λυσάτωσανλαβεῖν λαβέσθαι λαβῆναι MiddlePass MiddlePerfect -- to have loosed 2 λύου λῦσαιλελυκέναι λελύσθαι 3 λυέσθω λυσάσθω

2 λύεσθε λύσασθεEndings 3 λυέσθωσαν λυσάσθωσανεῖν εσθαι (Present) Passiveεῖν εσθαι ῆναι (2nd Aorist) λύθητιαι ασθαι ῆναι (1st Aorist) λυθήτωναι σθαι (Perfect) λύθητε

λυθήτωσαν

Endings - rapε -τω -τε -τωσανου -σθω -σθε -θωσανν -τω -τε -τωσαναι -σθω -σθε -θωσαντι -τω -τε -τωσαν

Mi Verbs -- διδωμι (δο) ἵστημι (στα) τίθημι (θε) δείκνυμι (δεικν)

Present δίδωμι δίδως δίδωσι δίδομεν δίδοτε δίδοασι Spanish endings -μι -α -σι -μεν -τε -ασι

Present amp Imperfect take διmdashPerfect add δ redup to the AoristImperf ἐδίδουν ἐδίδους ἐδίδου ἐδίδομεν ἐδίδοτε ἐδίδοσαν Future δώσω δώσεις δώσει δώσομεν δώσετε δώσουσι Aorist ἔδωκα ἔδωκας ἔδωκε ἐδώκαμεν ἐδώκατε ἔδωκαν Subjunctive Present δίδῶ διδῷς διδῷ διδῶμεν

Aorist δῶ δῷς δῷ δῶμεν Pres Imper δίδου διδότω Aor δός δότωPresent ldquotenserdquo immediacy process foreground Aorist ldquotenserdquo complete wholistic it happened (simply) backgroundPerfect ldquotenserdquo frontground more distant overviewish reflective

297


Moody Review Charts Subjunctives Subjunctives (I maymight let us)Present Aoristλύω λύσωλύῃς λύσῃςλύῃ λύσῃλύωμεν λύσωμενλύητε λύσητελύωσι λύσωσιMidPass Middleλύωμαι λύσωμαιλύῃ λύσῃλύηται λύηταιλυώμεθα λυσώμεθαλύησθε λύσησθελύωνται λύσωνταιPassiveλυθῶλυθῇςλυθῇλυθῶμενλυθῆτελυθῶσι

Endings-ω -ῃς -ῃ -ωμεν -ητε -ωσι (Active)-μαι -ῃ -ηται -ωμεθα -ησθε -ωνται (MP and Aor Mid)-ῶ -ῇς -ῇ -ῶμεν -ῆτε -ῶσι (Aor Pass)τιςτι [someoneanything] τίςτί [whowhichwhat] εἷςμίαἕν δύο τρεῖς τέσσαρες πέντε ἕξ ἑπτά ὀκτώ ἐννέα δέκα δώδεκα

ἑκατόν χίλιοιGenitive R TOP ADS Relational [wife of] Time [during] Objective [blasphemy of God]

Possessive [of] Agency [by] Descriptive Subjective [lust of flesh]Dative II LIST Indirect Object [spoke to him] Interest [for] Location [in]

Instrumental [by] Sphere [in] Time [onat] ComparativeSuperlativesElative

298

Appendix 629 Greek Chants

Chant 1 Present Active Indicative (PAI) Verb

λύω (I looseam loosing) λύομεν (we looseare loosing)λύεις (you looseare loosing) λύετε (you looseare loosing)λύει (sheit loosesis loosing) λύουσι(ν) (they looseare loosing)

Chant 2 2-1-2 Nouns 2 1 2λόγος (word Subject) γραφή (writing Subject) ἱερόν (temple Subject)λόγου (of a word) γραφῆς (of a writing) ἱεροῦ (of a temple)λόγῳ (tobyfor a word) γραφῇ (tobyfor a writing) ἱερῷ (tobyfor a temple)λόγον (word Object) γραφήν (writing Object) ἱερόν (temple Object)λόγοι (words Subject) γραφαί (writings Subject) ἱερά (temples Subject)λόγων (of words) γραφῶν (of writings) ἱερῶν (of temples)λόγοις (tobyfor words) γραφαῖς (tobyfor writings) ἱεροῖς (tobyfor temples)λόγους (words Object) γραφάς (writings Object) ἱερά (temples Object)

Chant 3 11 Prepositional Movesἐπί (hands pat on head) περί (right hand pointing finger circle head) πρός (finger point ldquotordquo heart) εἰς (hands ldquointordquo heartmdashcollapse chest) διά (finger pushing again ldquothroughrdquo the back)ἐν (arms ldquoinrdquo hugging self) ἐκ (finger push ldquooutrdquo from heart close) ἀπό (arms extend out fingers pointing ldquooutrdquo front) κατά (hands push against each other in front) σύν (one arm wave around shoulder of invisible buddy--with) μετά (two arms around shoulders of invisible buddy both sides--with)

Chant 4 Present Act Indicative (PAI) εἰμί Verbεἰμί (I am) ἐσμέν (we are)εἶ (you are) ἐστέ (you are) ἐστίν (sheit is) εἰσί(ν) (they are)

299

299

Chant 5 Personal PronounmdashCow call 1st Person Sg 2nd Person Sg 1st Person Pl ἐγώ (I Subject) σύ (you Subject) ἡμεῖς (we Subject)μου (my) σου (your) ἡμῶν (our)μοι (toforat me) σοι (toforat you) ἡμῖν (toforat us)με (me Object) σε (you Object) ἡμᾶς (us Object)

αὐτός (he)αὐτή (she)αὐτό (it)

Chant 6 Present MiddlePassive Indicative (PMPI) Verbλύομαι (I am loosedloose myself)

-ῃ -εται -όμεθα -εσθε -ονται

Chant 7 Future Active Indicative (FAI) Verbλύσω (I will loose) λύσομεν (we will loose)λύσεις (you will loose) λύσετε (you will loose)λύσει (sheit will loose) λύσουσι(ν) (they will loose)

Chant 8 Future Middle Indicative (FMI) Verbλύσομαι (I will loose myself)

-ῃ -εται -ομεθα -εσθε -ονται

Chant 9 Imperfect Active Indicative (IAI) Verbἔλυον (I was loosing)

-ν -ς -ε -μεν -τε -ν

Chant 10 Imperfect MiddlePassive Indicative (IMPI) Verbἐλυόμην (I was being loosed)

-ου -ετο -ομεθα -εσθε -οντο

Chant 11 Imperfect Act Indicative (IAI) εἰμί Verbἤμην (I was) ἦμεν (we were)ἦς (you were) ἦτε (you were) ἦν (sheit was) ἦσαν (they were)

Chant 12 3-3-3 Nouns 3 3 3χάρις (grace Subject) ὄνομα (name Subject) πίστις (faith Subject)χάριτος (of grace) ὀνόματος (of a name) πίστεως (of faith)χάριτι (toforat grace) ὀνόματι (toforat a name) πίστει (toforat faith)χάριτα (grace Object) ὄνομα (name Object) πίστιν (faith Object) χάριτες (graces Subject) ὀνόματα (names Subject) πίστεις (faiths Subject) χαρίτων (of graces) ὀνομάτων (of names) πίστεων (of faiths)χάρισι(ν) (toforat graces) ὀνόμασι(ν) (tofor names) πίστεσι(ν) (toforat faiths) χάριτας (graces Object) ὀνόματα (names Object) πίστεις (faiths Object)

300

300

Chant 13 Second Aorist Active Indicative (AAI) Verb ἔλαβον -ν -ς -ε -μεν -τε -ν

Chant 14 Second Aorist Middle Indicative (AMI) Verb ἐγενόμην -ου -ετο -ομεθα -εσθε -οντο

Chant 15 First Aorist Active Indicative (AAI) Verbἔλυσα (I loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo) -- -ς -ε -μεν -τε -ν

Chant 16 First Aorist Middle Indicative (AMI) Verbἐλυσάμην (I loosed myself)

-ω -ατο -άμεθα -ασθε -αντο

Chant 17 First Aorist Passive Indicative (API) Verbἐλύθην (I was loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo)

-ν -ς -- -μεν -τε -σαν

Chant 18 Future Passive Indicative (FPI) Verb

λύθησομαι (I will be loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo) -ῃ -εται -ομεθα -εσθε -ονται

Chant 19 Perfect Active Indicative (RAI) Verbλέλυκα (I have loosed) (-- pronounce noise sound ldquoaahhrdquo)

-- -ς -ε -μεν -τε -σι

Chant 20 Perfect MiddlePassive Indicative (RMPI) Verbλέλυμαι (I have been loosed)

-σαι -ται -μεθα -σθε -νται

Chant XX 5 Verbal Bad Boys (chant)mdashto be developedPresent Form Future 2nd Aorist Perfect Aor Passἔρχομαι ἐλεύσομαι ἦλθον ἐλήλυθα ---ὁράω ὄψομαι εἶδον ἑώρακα ὤφθην λέγω ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα ἐρρέθηνφέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα ἐνήνοχα ἠνέχθην ἐσθίω φάγομαι ἔφαγον --- ---

Chant 21 Present Active Participles (PAPtc) Present Active Participles (while loosing(-DA) one loosing(Subst -Noun) the soldier

loosing(+DA)) 3 1 3

Nom λύων λύουσα λῦον Gen λύοντος λυούσης λύοντος

301

301


Chant 22 Aorist Active Participles (AAPtc) First Aorist Active Participles (after loosing one loosed the soldier who loosed)

3 1 3 Nom λύσας λύσασα λῦσαν Gen λύσαντος λυσάσης λύσαντοςFirst Aorist Passive Participles (after being loosed one being loosed)

3 1 3 Nom λυθείς λυθεῖσα λυθέν Gen λυθέντος λυθείσης λυθέντος

Chant 23 Perfect Active Participles (RAPtc) Perfect Active Participles (after having loosed one who has loosed) 3 1 3 Nom λελυκώς λελυκυῖα λελυκός Gen λελυκότος λελυκυίας λελυκότος

Chant 24 Infinitive Endings (to loose)Present εῖν εσθαι Second Aor εῖν εσθαι ῆναι First Aor αι ασθαι ῆναι Perfect ναι σθαι

Chant 25 Subjunctive (I may loose)λύω -λυῃς λυῃ λύωμεν λύητε λύωσι(ν) Present Active Subjλύωμαι -ῃ ηται -ωμεθα -ησθε -ωνται Present MidPass Subj

Chant 26 Imperative Endings Chantmdashyou loosePresent (e toe-te-toesan etc) -ε -τω -τε -τωσαν (Active)-ου -σθω -σθε -σθωσαν (MPass)First Aorist-ν -τω -τε -τωσαν (Active)-αι -σθω -σθε -σθωσαν (Mid)-τι -τω -τε -τωσαν (Pass)

Chant 27 -μι Verb endings (Spanish endings)mdashδίδωμι (I give)δίδωμι -μι -ς -σι -μεν -τε -ασι

Chant 28 Counting to tenεἷς 1 ἕξ 6 ἑκατόν 100δύο 2 ἑπτά 7 χίλιας 1000τρεῖς 3 ὀκτώ 8 δώδεκα 12τέσσαρες 4 ἐννέα 9πέντε 5 δέκα 10

Chant 29 Genitive = TP ROADS time [--] possession relational objective agency descriptive subjective

302


Dative = II LIST indirect obj interest location instrumental sphere time []

303

Appendix 7 Lordrsquos Prayer

Appendix 7Lordrsquos Prayer (Mat 69b-13)

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς

ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου

ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου

γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου

ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς

τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον

δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον

καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν

ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν

τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν

καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς

πειρασμὸν

ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ

304

304

English-Greek GlossaryWords Occurring Nine or More Times in the New Testament

abandon I abandon καταλείπωable ἱκανός -ή -όνable I am able δύναμαιable I am able ἰσχύωabolish I abolish καταργέωabound I abound περισσεύωabout περί (+ gen)about περί (+ acc)about ὡςabout ὡσείabout to I am about to μέλλωabove ἄνωabove ἐπάνωabove ἐπάνω (+ gen)above ἐπί (+ dat)above ὑπέρ (+ acc)above all μάλισταAbraham Ἀβραάμ ὁabyss ἄβυσσος -ου ἡaccept I accept παραλαμβάνωaccept I accept προσλαμβάνωaccompany I accompany ἀκολουθέωaccompany I accompany προπέμπωaccording to κατά (+ acc)account I account λογίζομαιaccurately ἀκριβῶςaccusation αἰτία -ας ἡaccuse I accuse κατηγορέωaccuser (devil) σατανᾶς -ᾶ ὁAchaia Ἀχαΐα -ας ἡachieve I achieve κατεργάζομαιAdam Ἀδάμ ὁadd to I add to προστίθημιadmit I admit ἐξομολογέωadorn I adorn κοσμέωadultery I commit adultery μοιχεύωafar μακρόθενafford I afford παρέχωafter μετά ( + acc)after ὀπίσωafterward ὕστερος -α -ον

305

again ἄνωθενagain πάλινagainst κατά (+ gen)against μετά ( + gen)against πρός (+ acc)age αἰών -ῶνος ὁAgrippa Ἀγρίππας -α ὁakin to συγγενής -εςalas οὐαίalien ξένος -η -ονalive I make alive ζῳοποιέωall ἅπας -ασα -ανall πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶνAlmighty παντοκράτωρ -ορος ὁalms ἐλεημοσύνη -ης ἡalone μόνος -η -ονalongside of παρά (+ acc)already ἤδηalso καίaltar θυσιαστήριον -ου τόalways πάντοτεam amazed I am amazed ἐξίστημιam I am γίνομαιam I am εἰμίam I am ὑπάρχωamaze I amaze ἐξίστημιamazed I am amazed ἐκπλήσσομαιamen ἀμήνamong ἐν (+ dat)Ananias Ἁνανίας -ου ὁancestor πατήρ πατρός ὁancient ἀρχαῖος -αία αῖονand δέand καίand τέand from there κἀκεῖθενand I κἀγώand if κἄνand not μήτεand not οὐδέand not οὔτεand that one κἀκεῖνος -η -οand then κἀκεῖθενand there κἀκεῖAndrew Ἀνδρέας -ου ὁangel ἄγγελος -ου ὁanger θυμός -οῦ ὁanger ὀργή -ῆς ἡanimal ζῷον -ου τόannounce I announce ἀναγγέλλωannounce I announce ἀπαγγέλλω

306

announce I announce ἐπαγγέλλομαιanoint I anoint ἀλείφωAnointed one Χριστός -οῦ ὁanother ἄλλος -η -ονanother ἕτερος -α -ονanotherrsquos ἀλλότριος -α -ονanswer I answer ἀποκρίνομαιAntioch Ἀντιόχεια -ας ἡanxious I am anxious μεριμνάωany πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶνanyone τὶς τὶapart from χωρίς (+ gen)Apollos Ἀπολλῶς -ῶ ὁapostle ἀπόστολος -ου ὁappear I appear ἐπέρχομαιappear I appear φαίνωappearance πρόσωπον -ου τόappoint I appoint καθίστημικαθιστάνωapportion I apportion μετρέωapprentice μαθητής -οῦ ὁapproach I approach παρίστημιapprove I approve δοκιμάζωarchetype τύπος -ου ὁarm χείρ χειρός ἡarmy παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡaround περί (+ acc)arrest I arrest ἄγωarrest I arrest ἐπιλαμβάνομαιarrest I arrest συλλαμβάνωarrival παρουσία -ας ἡarrive I arrive καταντάωarrive I arrive παρέρχομαιarrive I arrive παραγίνομαιarrived I have arrived πάρειμιas καθάπερas καθώςas οἷος -α -ονas ὡςas ὡσείas a gift δωρέανas far as ἄχρι ἄχρις (+ gen)as far as ἕως (+ gen)as far as μέχρι ( + gen)as great as ὅσος -η -ονas many as ὅσος -η -ονascend I ascend ἀναβαίνωashamed I am ashamed ἐπαισχύνομαιAsia Ἀσία -ας ἡask I ask αἰτέωask I ask δεόμαιask I ask ἐπερωτάω

307

ask I ask ἐρωτάωask I ask πυνθάνομαιassembly ἐκκλησία -ας ἡassistant ὑπηρέτης -ου ὁastonished I am astonished ἐκπλήσσομαιastray I lead astray πλανάωat ἐπί (+ dat)at παρά (+ acc)at πρός (+ dat)at all πώςat all times πάντοτεat some time ποτέat that time τότεat the same time ἅμαattack I attack ἐπέρχομαιattack I attack ἐφίστημιattain I attain κρατέωattend to I attend to προσέχωauthority ἐξουσία -ας ἡaway ἔξωBabylon Βαβυλών -ῶνος ἡbad κακός -ή -όνbad πονηρός -ά -όνbadly κακῶςbaptism βάπτισμα -ατος τόBaptist (John the Baptist) βαπτιστής -οῦ ὁbaptize I baptize βαπτίζωBarabbas Βαραββᾶς -ᾶ ὁBarnabas Βαρναβᾶς -ᾶ ὁbarracks παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡbasis θεμελιον -ου τόbear witness I bear witness μαρτυρέωbear I bear βαστάζωbear I bear τίκτωbear I bear φέρωbeat I beat δέρωbeautiful καλός -ή -όνbeautifully καλῶςbecause of διά (+ acc)because διότιbecause ἐπείbecause ἐπειδήbecause ὅτιbecause of χάριν (+ gen)become I become γίνομαιbed κλίνη -ης ἡbed κράβαττος -ου ὁbefore ἔμπροσθενbefore ἐνώπιον (+ gen)

308

before πρίν (+ gen)before πρό (+ gen)before πρότερος -α -ονbeg I beg δεόμαιbegin I begin (in middle voice) ἄρχωbeginning ἀρχή -ῆς ἡbehavior ἀναστροφή -ῆς ἡbehind μετά ( + acc)behind ὀπίσωbehold (you) behold ἰδού (see εἶδον)behold (you) behold ἴδεbelief πίστις -εως ἡbelieve (in) I believe (in) πιστεύωbeliever (subst) πιστός -ή -όνbelly γαστήρ -τρός ἡbelly κοιλία -ας ἡbelong to one ἴδιος -α -ονbeloved ἀγαπητός -ή -όνbeloved φίλος -η -ονbelow κάτωbelow ὑποκάτωbenefit I benefit ὠφελέωbeside παρά (+ dat)Bethany Βηθανία -ας ἡbetray I betray παραδίδωμιbetter κρείσσωνκρειττων -ονbetween μεταξύbetween μεταξύ ( + gen)beyond πέραν (+ gen)bind I bind δέωbird πετεινόν -οῦ τόbirth to I give birth to γεννάωbirth to I give birth to τίκτωblaspheme I blaspheme βλασφημέωblasphemy βλασφημία -ας ἡbless I bless εὐλογέωblessed μακάριος -α -ονblessing εὐλογία -ας ἡblind (person) τυφλός -ή -όνblood αἷμα -ατος τόblow πληγή -ῆς ἡboast I boast καυχάομαιboasting καύχημα -ατος τόboasting καύχησις -εως ἡboat πλοῖον -ου τόbody σάρξ σαρκός ἡboldness παρρησία -ας ἡbond δεσμός -οῦ ὁbook βιβλίον -ου τόbook βίβλος -ου ἡ

309

both ἀμφότεροι -αι -αboundary ὅριον -ου τόbowels σπλάγνον -ου τόbowl φιάλη -ης ἡboy παῖς παιδός ὁ ἡbranch κλάδος -ου ὁbread ἄρτος -ου ὁbreak I break κλάωbreath πνεῦμα -ατος τόbridegroom νυμφίος -ου ὁbright λαμπρός -ά -όνbright λευκός -ή -όνbring down I bring down κατάγωbring out I bring out ἐξάγωbring to naught I bring to naught καταργέωbring to I bring to προσφέρωbring together I bring together συμφέρωbring up I bring up ἀναφέρωbring I bring ἄγωbring I bring κομίζωbrother ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁbuild I build οἰκοδομέωbuilding οἰκοδομή -ῆς ἡburn down I burn down κατακαίωburn I burn καίωbury I bury θάπτωbut ἀλλάbut δέbut πλήνbut not μηδέbuy I buy ἀγοράζωby ἀπό (+ gen)by διά (+ gen)by ἐν (+ dat)by μετά ( + gen)by παρά (+ gen)by πρός (+ dat)by ὑπό (+ gen)Caesar Καῖσαρ -αρος ὁCaesarea Καισάρεια -ας ἡCaiaphas Καϊάφας -α ὁcalculate I calculate λογίζομαιcall κλῆσις -εως ἡcall I call ἐπικαλέωcall I call καλέωcall I call παρακαλέωcall I call προσκαλέομαιcall I call φωνέωcalled κλητός -ή -όν

310

calling κλῆσις -εως ἡcamp παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡCapernaum Καφαρναούμ ἡcaptain ἑκατοντάρχης -ου ὁcaptain στρατηγός -ου ὁcare for I care for ἐπισκέπτομαιcarefully ἀκριβῶςcarry through I carry through διαφέρωcarry I carry βαστάζωcarry I carry φέρωcast out I cast out ἐκβάλλωcatch I catch ἐπιλαμβάνομαιcatch I catch καταλαμβάνωcause αἰτία -ας ἡcause of stumbling σκάνδαλον -ου τόcause to rise I cause to rise ἀνίστημιcause to sin I cause to sin σκανδαλίζωcause to stumble I cause to stumble σκανδαλίζωcease I cease παύωcenturion ἑκατοντάρχης -ου ὁCephas Κηφᾶς -ᾶ ὁchain ἅλυσις -εως ἡchange my mind I change my mind μετανοέωchange I change στρέφωcharge I charge παραγγέλλωchaste παρθένος -ου ἡὁchief priest ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁchild νήπιος -α -ονchild παιδίον -ου τόchild παῖς παιδός ὁ ἡchild τέκνον -ου τόchoose I choose ἐκλέγομαιchosen ἐκλεκτός -ή -όνChrist Χριστός -οῦ ὁchurch ἐκκλησία -ας ἡchurch (unified) σῶμα -ατος τόcircumcise I circumcise περιτέμνωcircumcision περιτομή -ῆς ἡcity πόλις -εως ἡclean καθαρός -ά -όνcleanse I cleanse καθαρίζωclothe I clothe ἐνδύωclothe I clothe περιβάλλωcloud νεφέλη -ης ἡcock ἀλέκτωρ -ορος ὁcolt πῶλος -ου ὁ

311

come down I come down κατέρχομαιcome in I come in εἰσέρχομαιcome near I come near ἐγγίζωcome to know I come to know ἐπιγινώσκωcome to I come to καταντάωcome to I come to προσέρχομαιcome together I come together συνέρχομαιcome upon I come upon ἐπέρχομαιcome upon I come upon ἐπιπίπτωcome upon I come upon ἐφίστημιcome δεῦτεcome I come ἔρχομαιcome I come παραγίνομαιcome I have come ἥκωcoming παρουσία -ας ἡcommand I command διατάσσωcommand I command ἐντέλλομαιcommand I command ἐπιτάσσωcommand I command κελεύωcommand I command παραγγέλλωcommander στρατηγός -ου ὁcommandment ἐντολή -ῆς ἡcommend I commend συνίστημιcommit adultery I commit adultery μοιχεύωcommon κοινός -ή -όνcommunion κοινωνία -ας ἡcomparable ἄξιος -α -ονcompare I compare ὁμοιόωcompassion σπλάγνον -ου τόcompassion I have compassion σπλαγχνίζομαιcompel I compel ἀναγκάζωcomplete τέλειος -α -ονcomplete I complete ἐπιτελέωcomplete I complete τελέωconceal I conceal κρύπτωconceive I conceive συλλαμβάνωconcerning περί (+ gen)condemn I condemn κατακρίνωcondemnation κρίσις -εως ἡconfess I confess ἐξομολογέωconfess I confess ὁμολογέωconfidence παρρησία -ας ἡconflict πόλεμος -ου ὁconfuse I confuse ἐξίστημιcongregation ἐκκλησία -ας ἡconquer I conquer καθαιρέωconquer I conquer νικάω

312

conscience συνείδησις -εως ἡconsecrate I consecrate ἁγιάζωconsecrated ἅγιος -ια -ονconsider (you) consider ἰδού (see εἶδον)consider I consider ἐμβλέπωconsider I consider κατανοέωconsiderable ἱκανός -ή -όνconsolation παράκλησις -εως ἡconsole I console παρακαλέωconsume I consume κατακαίωcontinue inwith I continue inwith προσκαρτερέωcontinue I continue ἐπιμένωconvict I convict ἐλέγχωconvince I convince πείθωcorner γωνία -ας ἡcorpse σῶμα -ατος τόcorrupt I corrupt φθείρωcostly τίμιος -α -ονcouch κλίνη -ης ἡcouncil συνέδριον -ου τόcounsel βουλή -ῆς ἡcountry ἀγρός -οῦ ὁcountry (open) χώρα -ας ἡcourtyard αὐλή -ῆς ἡcovenant διαθήκη -ης ἡcovetousness πλεονεξία -ας ἡcreate I create κτίζωcrippled χωλός -ή -όνcrop καρπός -οῦ ὁcross σταυρός -οῦ ὁcrowd λαός -οῦ ὁcrowd ὄχλος -ου ὁcrown στέφανος -ου ὁcrucify I crucify σταυρόωcrumb κλάσμα -ατος τόcry aloud I cry aloud βοάωcry out I cry out κράζωcrying κλαυθμός -οῦ ὁcup ποτήριον -ου τόcup φιάλη -ης ἡcustom ἔθος -ους τόcut off I cut off ἀφαιρέωcut off I cut off ἐκκόπτωcut out I cut out ἐκκόπτωDamascus Δαμασκός -οῦ ἡdanger κίνδυνος -ου ὁdare I dare τολμάωdarkness σκοτία -ας ἡdarkness σκότος -ους τόdaughter θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ

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David Δαυίδ ὁdawn ἀνατολή -ῆς ἡday ἡμέρα -ας ἡdaylight ἡμέρα -ας ἡdeacon διάκονος -ου ὁ ἡdead νεκρός -ά -όνdead person (subst) νεκρός -ά -όνdeaf κωφός -ή -όνdeath θάνατος -ου ὁdebate I debate διαλογίζομαιdeceit δόλος -ου ὁdecide I decide κρίνωdecision κρίμα -ατος τόdeclare I declare λέγωdecree διαθήκη -ης ἡdeed ἔργον -ου τόdeed πρᾶγμα -ατος τόdefend myself I defend myself ἀπολογέομαιdefile I defile κοινόωdelight χαρά -ᾶς ἡdeliver I deliver ἐπιδίδωμιdeliver I deliver ῥύομαιdeliverance σωτηρία -ας ἡdelusion πλάνη -ης ἡdemon δαιμόνιον -ου τόdemonstrate I demonstrate ἐνδείκνυμιdenarius (silver coin) δηνάριον -ου τόdeny I deny ἀπαρνέομαιdeny I deny ἀρνέομαιdepart I depart ἀναχωρέωdepart I depart ἀπέρχομαιdepart I depart ἀφίστημιdepart I depart μεταβαίνωdepart I depart ὑπάγωdepart I depart χωρίζωdescend I descend καταβαίνωdescendant τέκνον -ου τόdescendant υἱὸς -οῦ ὁdescendants σπέρμα -ατος τόdesert ἔρημος -ου ἡdeserted ἔρημος -ονdesire ἐπιθυμία -ας ἡdesire θέλημα -ατος τόdesire I desire ἐπιθυμέωdesire I desire ἐπιποθέωdesire I desire ζητέωdesire I desire θέλωdespise I despise ἐξουθενέωdespise I despise καταφρονέω

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destroy I destroy ἀπόλλυμιdestroy I destroy καθαιρέωdestroy I destroy καταλύωdestroy I destroy λύωdestroy I destroy φθείρωdestruction ἀπώλεια -ας ἡdetermine I determine βούλομαιdevil διάβολος -ονdevour I devour κατεσθίωdie I die ἀποθνῄσκωdie I die θνῄσκωdie I die (in middle voice) ἀπόλλυμιdiffer I differ διαφέρωdiligence σπουδή -ῆς ἡdine I dine κατάκειμαιdisbelieve I disbelieve ἀπειθέωdisciple μαθητής -οῦ ὁdiscriminate I discriminate διακρίνωdiscuss I discuss συζητέωdisease νόσος -ου ἡdishonest ἄδικος -ονdisobey I disobey ἀπειθέωdispute στάσις -εως ἡdispute I dispute διαλέγομαιdispute I dispute συζητέωdistant I am distant ἀπέχωdistracted I am distracted μεριμνάωdistribute I distribute διαμερίζωdisturb I disturb ταράσσωdiverse ποικίλος -η -ονdivide I divide σχίζωdivide I divide διαμερίζωdivide I divide μερίζωdivorce I divorce ἀπολύωdo good I do good ἀγαθοποιέωdo wrong I do wrong ἀδικέωdo I do ποιέωdo I do πράσσωdonkey young donkey πῶλος -ου ὁdoor θύρα -ας ἡdoor πύλη -ης ἡdove περιστερά -ᾶς ἡdown κάτωdown from κατά (+ gen)dragon δράκων -οντος ὁdrink I drink πίνωdrink I give to drink ποτίζωdry up I dry up ξηραίνωdumbmute κωφός -ή -όνduring διά (+ gen)

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during κατά (+ acc)dwell I dwell κατοικέωeach ἀνά (+ acc)each ἕκαστος -η -ονeager I am eager σπουδάζωeagerness σπουδή -ῆς ἡear οὖς ὠτός τόearlier πρῶτος -η -ονearly πρωΐearly in the morning πρωΐearth γῆ γῆς ἡearthquake σεισμός -οῦ ὁeast ἀνατολή -ῆς ἡeat to the full I eat to the full χορτάζωeat up I eat up κατεσθίωeat I eat γεύομαιeat I eat ἐσθίωeating βρῶσις -εως ἡedification οἰκοδομή -ῆς ἡedify I edify οἰκοδομέωeducate I educate παιδεύωEgypt Αἴγυπτος -ου ἡeitheror ἤelder πρεσβύτερος -α -ονelect ἐκλεκτός -ή -όνElijah Ἠλίας -ου ὁElizabeth Ἐλισάβετ ἡembark I embark ἐμβαίνωemploy I employ χράομαιempty κενός -ή -όνend ἔσχατος -η -ονend τέλος -ους τόendurance ὑπομονή -ῆς ἡendure I endure ἀνέχωendure I endure πάσχωendure I endure ὑπομένωendure I endure φέρωenemy ἐχθρός -ά -όνenlighten I enlighten φωτίζωenter I enter εἰσέρχομαιenter I enter εἰσπορεύομαιentertain I entertain ξενίζωentirely ὅλος -η -ονentrance πυλών -ῶνος ὁentreaty δέησις -εως ἡentrust I entrust δίδωμιentrust I entrust παραδίδωμιenvy φθόνος -ου ὁEphesus Ἔφεσος -ου ἡepistle ἐπιστολή -ῆς ἡ

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erect I erect οἰκοδομέωerror πλάνη -ης ἡescape I escape φεύγωespecially μάλισταestablish I establish στηρίζωeternal αἰώνιος -α -ονeternity αἰών -ῶνος ὁeven γέeven ἔτιeven καίeven as καθάπερeven as καθώςeven as ὥσπερevening ὄψιος -α -ονever ποτέevery ἕκαστος -η -ονevery πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶνevil κακία -ας ἡevil κακός -ή -όνevil πονηρός -ά -όνevil spirit δαιμόνιον -ου τόexalt I exalt ὑψόωexalted ὑψηλός -ή -όνexamine I examine ἀνακρίνωexample τύπος -ου ὁexceedingly λίανexceedingly σφόδραexcept ἀλλάexcept πλήν (+ gen)excuse I make excuse παραιτέομαιexhort I exhort παρακαλέωexhortation παράκλησις -εως ἡexist I exist ὑπάρχωexpect I expect προσδοκάωexplain I explain δείκνυμιexpose I expose ἐλέγχωexult I exult ἀγαλλιάωeye ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁface πρόσωπον -ου τόfaction αἵρεσις -εως ἡfail I fail ἐκπίπτωfaith πίστις -εως ἡfaithful πιστός -ή -όνfaithless ἄπιστος -ονfall asleep I fall asleep κοιμάομαιfall away I fall away ἐκπίπτωfall upon I fall upon ἐπιπίπτωfall I fall πίπτωfalse prophet ψευδοπροφήτης -ου ὁfalsehood ψεύδος -ους τόfamily γενεά -ᾶς ἡ

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family γένος -ους τόfamine λιμός -οῦ ὁfar away (from) μακράνfarmer γεωργός -οῦ ὁfast I fast νηστεύωfather πατήρ πατρός ὁfather I become the father of γεννάωfavor εὐδοκία -ας ἡfavor χάρις -ιτος ἡfavor χάρισμα -ατος τόfear φόβος -ου ὁfear I fear φοβέομαιfeast ἑορτή -ῆς ἡfeed I feed βόσκωfeed I feed τρέφωFelix Φῆλιξ -ικος ὁfellow slave σύνδουλος -ου ὁfellow worker συνεργός -όνfellow countryperson συγγενής -έςfellowship κοινωνία -ας ἡFestus Φῆστος -ου ὁfetter δεσμός -οῦ ὁfew ὀλίγος -η -ονfield ἀγρός -οῦ ὁfield χώρα -ας ἡfield χωρίον -ου τόfig tree συκῆ -ῆς ἡfill I fill γέμωfill I fill πίμπλημιfill I fill πληρόωfind I find εὑρίσκωfinish I finish ἐπιτελέωfinish I finish πληρόωfinish I finish τελέωfire πῦρ -ός τόfirst ἀπαρχή -ῆς ἡfirst πρῶτος -η -ονfirst fruits ἀπαρχή -ῆς ἡfish ἰχθύς -ύος ὁfish net δίκτυον -ου τόfit I fit καταρτίζωfive πέντεflee I flee φεύγωflesh σάρξ σαρκός ἡfollow I follow ἀκολουθέωfollow I follow ὑπακούωfood ἄρτος -ου ὁfood βρῶμα -ατος τόfood βρῶσις -εως ἡfood τροφή -ῆς ἡ

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fool (subst) μωρός -ά -όνfoolish ἄφρων -ονfoolish μωρός -ά -όνfoot πούς ποδός ὁfor ἀντί (+ gen)for γάρfor ἐπείfor ἐπί (+ acc)for ὅτιfor πρός (+ gen)for ὑπέρ (+ gen)for the sake of χάριν (+ gen)for this reason διόforbid I forbid κωλύωforeign ξένος -η -ονforetell I foretell προεῖπον (cf προλέγω)forgive I forgive ἀφίημιforgive I forgive χαρίζομαιformer πρότερος -α -ονfornication πορνεία -ας ἡfornicator πόρνος -ου ὁforsake I forsake ἐγκαταλείπωfortress παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡfortunate μακάριος -α -ονforty τεσσαράκονταfoundation θεμελιον -ου τόfoundation θεμέλιος -ου ὁfoundation καταβολή -ῆς ἡfountain πηγή -ῆς ἡfour τέσσαρες -αfourth (part) τέταρτος -η -ονfree ἐλεύθερος -α -ονfreedom ἐλευθερία -ας ἡfrequently πολλάκιςfriend φίλος -η -ονfrom ἀπό (+ gen)from ἐκ (+ gen)from παρά (+ gen)from afar μακρόθενfrom above ἄνωθενfrom here ἐντεῦθενfrom Nazareth Ναζωραῖος -ου ὁfrom that place ἐκεῖθενfrom this ἐντεῦθενfrom where ὅθενfrom where πόθενfrom within ἔσωθενfrom without ἔξωθενfruit καρπός -οῦ ὁfulfill I fulfill πληρόωfulfill I fulfill τελειόω

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fulfill I fulfill τελέωfull μεστός -ή -όνfull πλήρης -εςfullness πλήρωμα -ατος τόgain I gain κερδαίνωGalilean Γαλιλαῖος -α -ονGalilee Γαλιλαία -ας ἡgarment ἱμάτιον -ου τόgate πύλη -ης ἡgateway πυλών -ῶνος ὁgather together I gather together συνάγωgaze upon I gaze upon ἀτενίζωGehenna γέεννα -ης ἡgeneration γενεά -ᾶς ἡgenerous I am generous πλουτέωGentile Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁGentiles ἀκροβυστία -ας ἡGentiles ἔθνος -ους τόgentleness πραΰτης -ητος ἡgift δωρέα -ᾶς ἡgift δῶρον -ου τόgift χάρισμα -ατος τόgirl θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡgirl παῖς παιδός ὁ ἡgive back I give back ἀποδίδωμιgive freely I give freely χαρίζομαιgive thanks I give thanks εὐχαριστέωgive way I give way χωρέωgive I give δίδωμιglad I am glad ἀγαλλιάωglorify I glorify δοξάζωglory δόξα -ης ἡgo away I go away ὑπάγωgo before I go before προάγωgo down I go down καταβαίνωgo down I go down κατέρχομαιgo in I go in εἰσέρχομαιgo in I go in εἰσπορεύομαιgo out I go out ἐκπορεύομαιgo out I go out ἐξέρχομαιgo to meet I go to meet ὑπαντάωgo to I go to προσέρχομαιgo up I go up ἀναβαίνωgo I go πορεύομαιgo I go ἔρχομαιgo I go ὑπάγωgoal τέλος -ους τόGod θεός -οῦ ὁ ἡgod θεός -οῦ ὁ ἡGod οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ

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goddess θεός -οῦ ὁ ἡgodless ἀσεβής -έςgodliness εὐσέβεια -ας ἡgold χρυσίον -ου τόgold χρυσός -οῦ ὁgolden χρυσοῦς -ῆ -οῦνgood ἀγαθός -ή -όνgood καλός -ή -όνgood news εὐαγγέλιον -ου τόgood will εὐδοκία -ας ἡgoodness χρηστότης -ητος ἡgoods (pl) σκεῦος -ους τόgospel εὐαγγέλιον -ου τόgovernor ἡγεμών -όνος ὁgrace (divine) χάρις -ιτος ἡgrain σῖτος -ου ὁgrasp I grasp κρατέωgrass χόρτος -ου ὁgrave μνημεῖον -ου τόgraze I graze βόσκωgreat μέγας μεγάλη μέγαgreat πολύς πολλή πολύgreater περισσότερος -α -ονgreatly λίανgreatly σφόδραgreediness πλεονεξία -ας ἡGreek Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁgreet I greet ἀσπάζομαιgreeting ἀσπασμός -οῦ ὁgrief λύπη -ης ἡgrieve I grieve λυπέωgrieve I grieve πενθέωgrow I grow αὐξάνωgrow I grow πλεονάζωguard (a guard) φυλακή -ῆς ἡguard I guard τηρέωguard I guard φυλάσσωguide I guide ἡγέομαιguile δόλος -ου ὁguilty ἔνοχος -ονHades (hell) ᾅδης -ου ὁhair θρίξ τριχός ἡhand χείρ χειρός ἡhand over I hand over ἐπιδίδωμιhand over I hand over παραδίδωμιhappen I happen γίνομαιhappen I happen τυγχάνωhappy μακάριος -α -ονharvest θερισμός -οῦ ὁharvest I harvest θερίζωhaste σπουδή -ῆς ἡ

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hasten I hasten σπουδάζωhate I hate μισέωhave faith (in) I have faith (in) πιστεύωhave I have ἔχωhay χόρτος -ου ὁhe αὐτός -ή -όhe οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτοhead κεφαλή -ῆς ἡheal I heal θεραπεύωheal I heal ἰάομαιhealthy ὑγιής -έςhealthy I am healthy ἰσχύωhealthy I am healthy ὑγιαίνωhear I hear ἀκούωhearing ἀκοή -ῆς ἡheart καρδία -ας ἡheart σπλάγνον -ου τόheathen Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁheathenGentiles ἔθνος -ους τόheaven οὐρανός -οῦ ὁheavenly ἐπουράνιος -ιονheavenly οὐράνιος -ονheir κληρονόμος -ου ὁhell γέεννα -ης ἡhell (Hades) ᾅδης -ου ὁhelp on onersquos journey I help on onersquos journey προπέμπωhelper συνεργός -όνhere ὧδεHerod Ἡρῴδης -ου ὁhidden κρυπτός -ή -όνhide I hide κρύπτωhigh ὑψηλός -ή -όνhigh priest ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁhighest ὕψιστος -η -ονhill ὄρος -ους τόhinder I hinder κωλύωHinnom Valley γέεννα -ης ἡhit I hit πατάσσωhit I hit τύπτωhither ὧδεhold back I hold back κατέχωhold fast I hold fast κατέχωhold fast I hold fast συνέχωholiness ἁγιασμός -ου ὁholy ἅγιος -ια -ονholy I make holy ἁγιάζωhonest ἀληθής -έςhonor τιμή -ῆς ἡhonor I honor δοξάζω

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honor I honor τιμάωhope ἐλπίς -ίδος ἡhope I hope ἐλπίζωhorn κέρας -ατος τόhorse ἵππος -ου ὁhostile ἐχθρός -ά -όνhour ὥρα -ας ἡhouse οἰκία -ας ἡhouse οἶκος -ου ὁhouse master οἰκοδεσπότης -ου ὁhouseholder οἰκοδεσπότης -ου ὁhow ὅπωςhow great πόσος -η -ονhow much πόσος -η -ονhow πῶςhowever πλήνhuman ἄνθρωπος -ου ὁhumankind κόσμος -ου ὁhumble I humble ταπεινόωhumility πραΰτης -ητος ἡhunger λιμός -οῦ ὁhunger I hunger πεινάωhusband ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁhusband ἄνθρωπος -ου ὁhypocrite ὑποκριτής -οῦ ὁI ἐγώ ἐμοῦ ἡμεῖς ἡμῶνI also κἀγώI die τελευτάωI manifest ἐμφανίζωI proclaim κηρύσσωI sleep καθεύδωI stand ἵστημιidol εἴδωλον -ου τόif ἐάνif εἰif εἴτεignorant ἄφρων -ονimage εἴδωλον -ου τόimage εἰκών -όνος ἡimage τύπος -ου ὁimmediately ἄρτιimmediately εὐθέωςimmediately εὐθύςimmediately παραχρῆμαimmorality πορνεία -ας ἡimpious ἀσεβής -έςimpossible ἀδύνατος -ονimpure ἀκάθαρτος -ονimpurity ἀκαθαρσία -ας ἡin ἐν (+ dat)in ἐπί (+ dat)

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in ἔσωin behalf of for ὑπέρ (+ gen)in front of ἔμπροσθενin order that ἐπί (+ acc)in order that ἵναin order that ὅπωςin order that ὥστεin presence of παρά (+ dat)in this manner οὕτως οὕτωin vain κενός -ή -όνincapable ἀδύνατος -ονincrease I increase αὐξάνωincrease I increase πλεονάζωincrease I increase πληθύνωincrease I increase προστίθημιindeed γέindeed μένindeed μήνinfant νήπιος -α -ονinfant παιδίον -ου τόinflict upon I inflict upon ἐπιτίθημιinhabit I inhabit κατοικέωinherit I inherit κληρονομέωinheritance κληρονομία -ας ἡinjustice ἀδικία -ας ἡinquire I inquire πυνθάνομαιinside ἔσωinside ἔσωθενinstead of ἀντί (+ gen)instruction διδασκαλία -ας ἡinsult I insult ὀνειδίζωintellect νοῦς νοός ὁinto εἰς (+ acc)invite I invite καλέωinvite I invite προσκαλέομαιinvite I invite συνάγωinvoke I invoke (in middle voice) ἐπικαλέωinvolved in ἔνοχος -ονIsaac Ἰσαάκ ὁIsaiah Ἠσαΐας -ου ὁIscariot Ἰσκαριώθ Ἰσκαριώτης ὁisland νῆσος -ου ἡIsrael Ἰσραήλ ὁIsraelite Ἰσραηλίτης -ου ὁit αὐτός -ή -όit is a concern μέλειit is lawful ἔξεστιit is necessary δεῖit this one οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτοJacob Ἰακώβ ὁ

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James Ἰάκωβος -ου ὁjealousy ζῆλος -ου ὁjealousy φθόνος -ου ὁJerusalem Ἰεροσόλυμα τάἡJerusalem Ἰερουσαλήμ ἡJesus Ἰησοῦς -οῦ ὁJew Ἰουδαῖος -α -ονJewish Ἰουδαῖος -α -ονJohn Ἰωάννης -ου ὁjoin I join κολλάωJonah Ἰωνᾶς -ᾶ ὁJoppa Ἰόππη -ης ἡJordan (river) Ἰορδάνης -ου ὁJoseph Ἰωσήφ ὁJoshua Ἰησοῦς -οῦ ὁjourney ὁδός -οῦ ἡjoy χαρά -ᾶς ἡJudea Ἰουδαία -ας ἡJudah Ἰούδας -α ὁJudas Ἰούδας -α ὁjudge κριτής -οῦ ὁjudge κτίσις -εως ἡjudge I judge ἀνακρίνωjudge I judge διακρίνωjudge I judge κρίνωjudgment κρίμα -ατος τόjudgment κρίσις -εως ἡjudgment ὀργή -ῆς ἡjudgment seat βῆμα -ατος τόjurisdiction ἐξουσία -ας ἡjust δίκαιος -α -ονjust as καθάπερjust as ὥσπερjust now ἄρτιjustice δικαιοσύνη -ης ἡjustify I justify δικαιόωkeep awake I keep awake γρηγορέωkeep I keep ἔχωkeep I keep τηρέωkill I kill ἀναιρέωkill I kill ἀποκτείνωkill I kill θανατόωkill I kill θύωkill I kill φονεύωkind deed ἐλεημοσύνη -ης ἡkindness χρηστότης -ητος ἡking βασιλεύς -έως ὁkingdom βασιλεία -ας ἡknee γόνυ -ατος τόknock I knock κρούωknow (not) I do not know ἀγνοέω

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know I know γινώσκωknow I know οἴδα (perfect from εἰδ-)knowledge γνῶσις -εως ἡknowledge ἐπίγνωσις -εως ἡknown γνωστός -ή -όνknown I make known φανερόωlabor κόπος -ου ὁlabor I labor κοπιάωlack I lack ὑστερέωlaid I am laid κεῖμαιlake λίμνη -ης ἡlamb ἀρνίον -ου τόlame παραλυτικός -ή -όνlame χωλός -ή -όνlamp λαμπάς -άδος ἡlamp λύχνος -ου ὁlampstand λυχνία -ας ἡland γῆ γῆς ἡland χώρα -ας ἡlanguage γλῶσσα -ῆς ἡlarge μέγας μεγάλη μέγαlast ἔσχατος -η -ονlate ὄψιος -α -ονlater ὕστερος -α -ονlaw νόμος -ου ὁLaw νόμος -ου ὁlaw pertaining to the law νομικός -ή -όνlawless ἄνομος -ονlawlessness ἀνομία -ας ἡlawyer (subst) νομικός -ή -όνlay aside I lay aside ἀποτίθημιlay on I lay on ἐπιβάλλωlay upon I lay upon ἐπιτίθημιLazarus Λάζαρος -ου ὁlead away I lead away ἀπάγωlead forth I lead forth προάγωlead in I lead in εἰσάγωlead out I lead out ἐξάγωlead up I lead up ἀνάγωlead I lead ἄγωlead I lead ἡγέομαιleader ἡγεμών -όνος ὁlearn I learn ἀκούωlearn I learn γινώσκωlearn I learn μανθάνωleast ἐλάχιστος -η -ονleather bottle ἀσκός -οῦ ὁleave behind I leave behind ἐγκαταλείπωleave I leave καταλείπωleaven ζύμη -ης ἡ

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left (as opposed to right) εὐώνυμος -ονleper λεπρός -ά -όνleprous λεπρός -ά -όνlest μήποτεlet go I let go ἀφίημιlet go I let go ἐάωlet it be so ἀμήνletter ἐπιστολή -ῆς ἡletter (of the alphabet) γράμμα -ατος τόliable ἔνοχος -ονliar ψεύστης -ου ὁliberty ἐλευθερία -ας ἡlicentiousness ἀσέλγεια -ας ἡlie ψεύδος -ους τόlie down I lie down κατάκειμαιlie I lie ψεύδομαιlie I lie (recline) κεῖμαιlife βίος -ου ὁlife ζωή -ῆς ἡlift up I lift up ἐπαίρωlift up I lift up ὑψόωlight φῶς φωτός τόlight I give light φωτίζωlightning ἀστραπή -ῆς ἡlike ὅμοιος -α -ονlike τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτονlike ὡσείlike I like φιλέωlike I make like ὁμοιόωliken I liken ὁμοιόωlikeness εἰκών -όνος ἡlikewise ὁμοίωςlikewise ὡσαύτωςlion λέων -οντος ὁlittle μικρός -ά -όνlive I live εἰμίlive I live ζάωlive I live κάθημαιlive I live κατοικέωlive I live μένωlive I live οἰκέωlive I live περιπατέωlive I live πορεύομαιliving body σῶμα -ατος τόliving thing ζῷον -ου τόlock I lock κλείωlodge I lodge καταλύωlook at I look at βλέπωlook at I look at ἐμβλέπωlook at I look at θεάομαιlook at I look at θεωρέω

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look down on I look down on καταφρονέωlook intently I look intently ἀτενίζωlook up I look up ἀναβλέπωlook (you) look ἴδε (see εἶδον)loose I loose λύωlord δεσπότης -ου ὁLord κύριος -ου ὁlot κλῆρος -ου ὁlove ἀγάπη -ης ἡlove I love ἀγαπάωlove I love φιλέωMacedonia Μακεδονία -ας ἡMagdalene Μαγδαληνή -ῆς ἡmaid servant παιδίσκη -ης ἡmajesty δόξα -ης ἡmake ashamed I make ashamed ἐντρέπωmake common I make common κοινόωmake known I make known γνωρίζωmake I make κτίζωmake I make ποιέωmale ἄρσην -ενmalice κακία -ας ἡman ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁman ἄνθρωπος -ου ὁmanagement οἰκονομία -ας ἡmanager οἰκονόμος -ου ὁmanifest φανερός -ά -όνmanner τρόπος -ου ὁmany πολύς πολλή πολύmark τύπος -ου ὁmark I mark σφραγίζωmarketplace ἀγορά -ᾶς ἡmarriage γάμος -ου ὁmarry I marry γαμέωMartha Μάρθα -ας ἡmartyr μάρτυς -υρος ὁmarvel I marvel θαυμάζωMary Μαρία -ας ἡmaster δεσπότης -ου ὁmaster κύριος -ου ὁmaster ῥαββί ὁmatter πρᾶγμα -ατος τόmattress κράβαττος -ου ὁmeasure μέτρον -ου τόmeasure I measure μετρέωmeasuring rod κάλαμος -ου ὁ

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meat offered to an idol εἰδωλόθυτος -ονmeet I meet ὑπαντάωmember ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁmember μέλος -ους τόmend I mend καταρτίζωmercy ἔλεος -ους τόmercy I have mercy ἐλεέωmessenger ἄγγελος -ου ὁmessenger ἀπόστολος -ου ὁMessiah Χριστός -οῦ ὁmiddle μέσος -η -ονmight κράτος -ους τόmighty ἰσχυρός -ά -όνmina (large monetary unit) μνᾶ μνᾶς ἡmind καρδία -ας ἡmind νοῦς νοός ὁmind διάνοια -ας ἡmine ἐμός -ή -όνminister I minister διάκονέωministry διακονία -ας ἡmiracle δύναμις -εως ὁmiracle σημεῖον -ου τόMiriam Μαριάμ ἡmisguide I misguide πλανάωmislead I mislead ἀφίστημιmiss I miss ὑστερέωmock I mock ἐμπαίζωmoney ἀργύριον -ου τόmonth μήν μηνός ὁmonument μνῆμα -ατος τόmonument μνημεῖον -ου τόmoon σελήνη -ης ἡmore μᾶλλονmore περισσότερος -α -ονmore abundantly περισσοτέρωςmore severe χείρων -ονmore than ἐπάνωmore than παρά (+ acc)Moses Μωϋσῆς -έως ὁmother μήτηρ μητρός ἡmountain ὄρος -ους τόmouth στόμα -ατος τόmuch πολύς πολλή πολύmultiply I multiply πληθύνωmultitude ὄχλος -ου ὁmultitude πλῆθος -ους τόmurder φόνος -ου ὁmurder I murder σφάζωmurder I murder φονεύωmutedumb κωφός -ή -όνmy ἐμός -ή -όν

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mystery μυστήριον -ου τόnaked γυμνός -ή -όνname ὄνομα -ατος τόname I name ἐπικαλέωname I name ὀνομάζωnation ἔθνος -ους τόnation φυλή -ῆς ἡnature φύσις -εως ἡNazarene Ναζωραῖος -ου ὁNazareth Ναζαρέθ Ναζαρέτnear ἐγγύςnear ἐπί (+ gen)near πλησίον (+ gen)near πρός (+ dat)necessity ἀνάγκη -ης ἡneed ὑστέρημα -ατος τόneed (a) χρεία -ας ἡneighbor (subst use of adverb) πλησίον ὁneighboring περίχωρος -ονneither μήτεneither οὐδέneither οὔτεnever οὐδέποτεnew καινός -ή -όνnew νέος -α -ονnext εἶταnight νυξ νυκτός ἡninth ἔνατος -η -ονno longer μηκέτιno longer οὐκέτιno one μηδείς μηδεμία μηδένno one οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδένnobody μηδείς μηδεμία μηδένnoise φωνή -ῆς ἡnone οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδένnor μηδέnor μήτεnor οὐδέnor οὔτεnot (question implies ldquoyesrdquo) οὐ οὐκ οὐχ οὐχίnot (question implies ldquonordquo) μήnot even μηδέnot even οὐδέnot know I do not know ἀγνοέωnot yet οὔπωnothing μηδείς μηδεμία μηδένnothing οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδένnotice I notice κατανοέωnourish I nourish τρέφωnow ἄρτι

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now ἤδηnow νῦνnow νυνίnullify I nullify ἀθετέωnumber ἀριθμός -οῦ ὁO ὦoath an oath ὅρκος -ου ὁobedience ὑπακοή -ῆς ἡobey I obey δουλεύωobey I obey ὑπακούωobject σκεῦος -ους τόobserve I observe κατανοέωobtain I obtain τυγχάνωoccasion ὥρα -ας ἡoccur I occur εἰμίof ἀπό (+ gen)of παρά (+ gen)of herself ἑαυτοῦ -ῆςof himself ἑαυτοῦ -ῆςof itself ἑαυτοῦ -ῆςof myself ἐμαυτοῦ -ῆςof what sort οἷος -α -ονof what sort ποῖος -α -ονoffer I offer ἀναφέρωoffer I offer παρέχωoffer I offer προσφέρωoffering θυσία -ας ἡoffering act of offering προσφορά -ᾶς ἡoffice οἰκονομία -ας ἡoften πολλάκιςointment μύρον -ου τόold ἀρχαῖος -αία αῖονold παλαιός -ά -όνolder one πρεσβύτερος -α -ονolive oil ἔλαιον -ου τόolive tree ἐλαία -ας ἡomen τέρας -ατος τόon ἐπί (+ gen)on ἐπί (+ dat)on ἐπί (+ acc)on πρός (+ dat)on account of διά (+ acc)on account of ἕνεκα (+ gen)on the one hand μένon the other side (land) πέρανonce ἅπαξonce ποτέonce for all ἅπαξone εἷς μία ἕνone another ἀλλήλωνone hundred ἑκατόν

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onersquos own ἴδιος -α -ονonly μονογενής -έςonly μόνος -η -ονonly πλήνopen I open ἀνοίγωopinion γνώμη -ης ἡoppose I oppose ἀνθίστημιoppose I oppose ἀντιλέγωoppress I oppress θλίβωoppress I oppress συνέχωoppression θλῖψις -εως ἡor ἤorder ἐντολή -ῆς ἡorder τάξις -εως ἡorder I order διατάσσωorder I order ἐπιτάσσωorder I order κελεύωorder I order παραγγέλλωother ἄλλος -η -ονother ἕτερος -α -ονother λοιπός -ή -όνother(s) λοιπός -ου ὁought I ought ὀφείλωout ἔξωout of ἐκ (+ gen)outside ἔξωoutside ἔξω (+ gen)outside ἔξωθενover ἐπάνωover ἐπάνω (+ gen)over ἐπί (+ gen)overtake I overtake καταλαμβάνωoverturn I overturn ἀναστρέφωowe I owe ὀφείλωpain λύπη -ης ἡpalace αὐλή -ῆς ἡparable παραβολή -ῆς ἡparalytic παραλυτικός -ή -όνpardon ἄφεσις -εως ἡparent γονεύς -έως ὁpart μέλος -ους τόpart μέρος -ους τόpartner κοινωνός -οῦ ὁparty αἵρεσις -εως ἡpass away I pass away παρέρχομαιpass by I pass by παράγωpass by I pass by παρέρχομαιpass over I pass over μεταβαίνωpass through I pass through διέρχομαιpassion ἐπιθυμία -ας ἡ

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passion θυμός -οῦ ὁPassover πάσχα τόpatience μακροθυμία -ας -ἡpatience ὑπομονή -ῆς ἡpatient I am μακροθυμέωPaul Παῦλος -ου ὁpay attention to I pay attention to προσέχωpay I pay ἀποδίδωμιpeace εἰρήνη -ης ἡpearl μαργαρίτης -ου ὁpeople λαός -οῦ ὁpeople φυλή -ῆς ἡperceived I perceived εἶδονperfect τέλειος -α -ονperfect I make perfect τελειόωperfect I perfect καταρτίζωperform I perform ἐπιτελέωperform I perform πράσσωperfume μύρον -ου τόperhaps μήποτεpermit I permit ἀφίημιpermit I permit ἐάωpermit I permit ἐπιτρέπωpersecute I persecute διώκωpersecution διωγμός -οῦ ὁpersist I persist ἐπιμένωperson πρόσωπον -ου τόperson ψυχή -ῆς ἡpersuade I persuade πείθωPeter Πέτρος -ου ὁpetition δέησις -εως ἡPharisee Φαρισαῖος -ου ὁPhilip Φίλιππος -ου ὁpick out I pick out ἐκλέγομαιpiety εὐσέβεια -ας ἡpig χοῖρος -ου ὁpigeon περιστερά -ᾶς ἡPilate Πιλᾶτος -ου ὁpity I pity σπλαγχνίζομαιplace τόπος -ου ὁplace χωρίον -ου τόplace I place τίθημιplague πληγή -ῆς ἡplan οἰκονομία -ας ἡplan πρόθεσις -εως ἡplant I plant φυτεύωplease I please ἀρέσκωpleased with I am pleased with εὐδοκέωpleasing εὐάρεστος -ον

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poor πτωχός -ή -όνportion κλῆρος -ου ὁposition τάξις -εως ἡpossessed by a demon I am possessed δαιμονίζομαιpour out I pour out ἐκχέωpour out I pour out ἐκχύννομαιpower δύναμις -εως ὁpower ἐξουσία -ας ἡpower ἰσχύς -ύος ἡpower κράτος -ους τόpower χείρ χειρός ἡpowerful δυνατός -ή -όνpowerful I am powerful δύναμαιpowerless ἀδύνατος -ονpowerless ἀσθενής -έςpowerless I am powerless ἀσθενέωpraise ἔπαινος -ου ὁpraise εὐλογία -ας ἡpraise I praise δοξάζωpray I pray δεόμαιpray I pray προσεύχομαιprayer προσευχή -ῆς ἡpreach κηρύσσωpreach good news I preach good news εὐαγγελίζωpreach I preach προφητεύωpreaching κήρυγμα -ατος τόprecious τίμιος -α -ονprepare I prepare ἑτοιμάζωprepare I prepare κατασκευάζωprepared ἕτοιμος -η -ονpresence παρουσία -ας ἡpresent I am present πάρειμιpresent I am present παρίστημιpress I press θλίβωprice τιμή -ῆς ἡpride καύχημα -ατος τόpride καύχησις -εως ἡpriest ἱερεύς -έως ὁprinciple νόμος -ου ὁprison φυλακή -ῆς ἡprisoner δέσμιος -ου ὁproceed I proceed προέρχομαιproclaim I proclaim εὐαγγελίζωproclaim I proclaim καταγγέλλωproclamation κήρυγμα -ατος τόproduce I produce γεννάωproduce I produce ἐνεργέωprofit I profit κερδαίνωprofit I profit ὠφελέω

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promise ἐπαγγελία -ας ἡpromise I promise ἐξομολογέωpromise I promise ἐπαγγέλλομαιpromise I promise ὁμολογέωpronounce righteous I pronounce righteous δικαιόωproof μαρτύριον -ου τόprophecy προφητεία -ας ἡprophesy I prophesy προφητεύωprophet προφήτης -ου ὁprostitute πόρνη -ης ἡprotect I protect ποιμαίνωprotect I protect φυλάσσωproud ὑψηλός -ή -όνprove by testing I prove by testing δοκιμάζωprudent φρόνιμος -ονpunishment ἐκδίκησις -εως ἡpure καθαρός -ά -όνpurify I purify καθαρίζωpurpose βουλή -ῆς ἡpurpose γνώμη -ης ἡpurpose πρόθεσις -εως ἡpursue I pursue διώκωput around I put around περιβάλλωput in order I put in order κοσμέωput on I put on ἐνδύωput on I put on ἐπιβάλλωput to death I put to death θανατόωput I put βάλλωput I put τίθημιquantity μέτρον -ου τόquestion I question ἀνακρίνωquestion I question ἐπερωτάωquestioning διαλογισμός -οῦ ὁ(questions with negative answers) μήτιquickly ταχέωςquickly ταχύ (from ταχύς)rabbi ῥαββί ὁrace γενεά -ᾶς ἡrace γένος -ους τόraise up I raise up ἐγείρωraise I raise αἴρωraise I raise ἀνίστημιrather ἀλλάrather μᾶλλονread aloud I read aloud ἀναγινώσκωread I read ἀναγινώσκωready ἕτοιμος -η -ονreal ὄντως

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realize I realize γινώσκωreally γέreally ὄντωςreap I reap θερίζωreason I reason διαλογίζομαιreasoning διαλογισμός -οῦ ὁrebellion στάσις -εως ἡrebuke I rebuke ἐπιτιμάωreceive I receive (in middle voice) κομίζωreceive sight I receive sight ἀναβλέπωreceive I receive ἀπολαμβάνωreceive I receive δέχομαιreceive I receive λαμβάνωreceive I receive παραλαμβάνωreceive I receive προσδέχομαιreceive I receive προσλαμβάνωreceived I have received ἀπέχωreckon I reckon λογίζομαιrecline I recline ἀναπίπτωrecline I recline κεῖμαιrecline I recline (at table) ἀνάκειμαιrecognize I recognize ἐπιγινώσκωredemption ἀπολύτρωσις -εως ἡreed κάλαμος -ου ὁrefrain I refrain (from) φείδομαιrefresh I refresh ἀναπαύωrefuse I refuse ἀρνέομαιrefuse I refuse παραιτέομαιregard I regard ἡγέομαιregarding περί (+ acc)region γῆ γῆς ἡregion ὅριον -ου τόregion χώρα -ας ἡregulation δικαίωμα -ατος τόreign I reign βασιλεύωreject I reject ἀθετέωreject I reject ἀποδοκιμάζωreject I reject παραιτέομαιrejoice I rejoice εὐφραίνωrejoice I rejoice χαίρωrelated συγγενής -εςrelative συγγενής -εςrelease ἀπολύτρωσις -εως ἡrelease I release ἀπολύωremain I remain διατρίβωremain I remain μένωremain I remain ὑπομένωremaining λοιπός -ή -όνremember I remember μιμνῄσκομαι

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remember I remember μνημονεύωremission ἄφεσις -εως ἡrepent I repent μετανοέωrepentance μετάνοια -ας ἡreply I reply ἀποκρίνομαιreport ἀκοή -ῆς ἡreport I report ἀναγγέλλωreport I report ἀπαγγέλλωreproach I reproach ὀνειδίζωreprove I reprove ἐλέγχωreputation μαρτυρία ας ἡreputation ὄνομα -ατος τόrequest I request ἐρωτάωrequest I request ζητέωrequest I request παραιτέομαιrescue I rescue ῥύομαιrescue I rescue σῴζωresist I resist ἀνθίστημιrespected τίμιος -α -ονrest κατάπαυσις -εως ἡrest (the others) λοιπός -ου ὁrestore I restore ἐγείρωresurrection ἀνάστασις -εως ἡreturn I return ἀναστρέφωreturn I return ἐπιστρέφωreturn I return ὑποστρέφωreveal I reveal ἀποκαλύπτωreveal I reveal γνωρίζωreveal I reveal ἐμφανίζωreveal I reveal φανερόωrevelation ἀποκάλυψις -εως ἡrevile I revile βλασφημέωreward μισθός -οῦ ὁrich πλούσιος -α -ονrich I am rich περισσεύωrich I am rich πλουτέωright (hand) δεξιός -ά -όνrighteous δίκαιος -α -ονrighteous deed δικαίωμα -ατος τόrighteousness δικαιοσύνη -ης ἡrise I rise ἀνατέλλωrisk κίνδυνος -ου ὁriver ποταμός -οῦ ὁroad ὁδός -οῦ ἡrobber λῃστής -οῦ ὁrobe στολή -ῆς ἡrock πέτρα -ας ἡrod ῥάβδος -ου ἡRoman Ῥωμαῖος -α -ονRoman a Roman (subst) Ῥωμαῖος -α -ονroom I make room χωρέω

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rooster ἀλέκτωρ -ορος ὁroot ῥίζα -ης ἡruin I ruin ἀπόλλυμιruin I ruin φθείρωrule κράτος -ους τόrule I rule ἄρχωrule I rule βασιλεύωrule I rule ποιμαίνωruler ἀρχή -ῆς ἡruler ἄρχων -οντος ὁruler of all παντοκράτωρ -ορος ὁrun I run τρέχωrust βρῶσις -εως ἡSabbath σάββατον -ου τόsacrifice θυσία -ας ἡsacrifice I sacrifice θύωSadducee Σαδδουκαῖος -ου ὁsaid I said εἰπόνsaints (pl) ἅγιος -ια -ονsalute I salute ἀσπάζομαιsalvation σωτηρία -ας ἡSamaria Σαμάρεια -ας ἡSamaritan Σαμαρίτης -ου ὁsame αὐτός -ή -όsanctification ἁγιασμός -ου ὁsanctify I sanctify ἁγιάζωsandal ὑπόδημα -ατος τόSanhedrin συνέδριον -ου τόSatan σατανᾶς -ᾶ ὁsatisfied I am satisfied χορτάζωSaul Σαούλ ὁSaul Σαῦλος -ου ὁsave I save σῴζωSavior σωτήρ -ῆρος ὁsaw I saw εἶδονsay I say λαλέωsay I say λέγωsay I say φημίsaying ῥημα -ατος τόscatter I scatter διασκορπίζωscepter ῥάβδος -ου ἡscribe γραμματεύς -έως ὁScripture γραφή -ῆς ἡscroll βιβλίον -ου τόsea θάλασσα -ης ἡseal σφραγίς -ῖδος ἡseal I seal σφραγίζωsearch for I search for ἐπιζητέωseason καιρός -οῦ ὁseat I seat καθίζωsecond δεύτερος -α -ον

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secret μυστήριον -ου τόsect αἵρεσις -εως ἡsee (you) see ἰδού (see εἶδον)see I see βλέπωsee I see θεάομαιsee I see θεωρέωsee I see ὁράωseed σπέρμα -ατος τόseek I seek ζητέωseem I seem δοκέωseize I seize ἁρπάζωseize I seize καταλαμβάνωseize I seize λαμβάνωseize I seize πιάζωseize I seize συλλαμβάνωselect ἐκλεκτός -ή -όνself αὐτός -ή -όself ψυχή -ῆς ἡsell I sell πιπράσκωsell I sell πωλέωsend for I send for μεταπέμπωsend forth I send forth ἐξαποστέλλωsend out I send out ἀποστέλλωsend I send ἀποστέλλωsend I send πέμπωsensuality ἀσέλγεια -ας ἡseparate I separate ἀφορίζωseparate I separate μερίζωseparate I separate χωρίζωserpent δράκων -οντος ὁservant διάκονος -ου ὁ ἡservant δοῦλος -ου ὁservant ὑπηρέτης -ου ὁserve I serve διάκονέωserve I serve δουλεύωserve I serve λατρεύωservice διακονία -ας ἡset ἵστημιset before I set before παρατίθημιset sail I set sail (in middle voice) ἀνάγωset I set καθίστημικαθιστάνωset I set τίθημιsetting forth πρόθεσις -εως ἡseven ἑπτάseventh ἕβδομος -η -ονsexually immoral person πόρνος -ου ὁshake I shake σαλεύωshame I put to shame καταισχύνωsharer κοινωνός -οῦ ὁshe αὐτός -ή -ό

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she οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτοsheep πρόβατον -ου τόshepherd ποιμήν -ένος ὁshepherd I shepherd ποιμαίνωshine I shine φαίνωshining λαμπρός -ά -όνshirt χιτών -ῶνος ὁshow forth I show forth ἐνδείκνυμιshow I show δείκνυμιshut I shut κλείωsick ἀσθενής -έςsick πονηρός -ά -όνsick I am sick ἀσθενέωsickness ἀσθένεια -ας ἡSidon Σιδών -ῶνος ἡsight ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁsign σημεῖον -ου τόSilas Σιλᾶς -ᾶ ὁsilent I am silent σιγάωsilent I am silent σιωπάωsilver ἀργύριον -ου τόsimilar ὅμοιος -α -ονsimilarly ὡσαύτωςSimon Σίμων -ωνος ὁsin ἁμαρτία -ας ἡsin παράπτωμα -ατος τόsin I sin ἁμαρτάνωsince ἐπείsince ἐπειδήsince ὅπουsinful ἁμαρτωλός -όνsingle εἷς μία ἕνsinner ἁμαρτωλός -όνsir κύριος -ου ὁsister ἀδελφή -ῆς ἡsit I sit κάθημαιsit I sit καθίζωsix ἕξsixth ἕκτος -η -ονsixty ἑξήκονταsky οὐρανός -οῦ ὁslander βλασφημία -ας ἡslanderous διάβολος -ονslave δοῦλος -ου ὁslay I slay σφάζωsleep I sleep κοιμάομαιsmall μικρός -ά -όνsmall ὀλίγος -η -ονsmallest ἐλάχιστος -η -ονsmite I smite τύπτωsmoke καπνός -οῦ ὁ

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snake ὄφις -εως ὁso ἄραso γάρso ὁμοίωςso οὕτως οὕτωso τέso great τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτονso much τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτονso that ἵναso that ὥστεSodom Σόδομα -ων τάsoldier στρατιώτης -ου ὁSolomon Σολομών -ῶνος ὁsomehow πώςsomeone ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁsomeone εἷς μία ἕνsomeone τὶς τὶsomething τὶς τὶson υἱὸς -οῦ ὁsoul ψυχή -ῆς ἡsound φωνή -ῆς ἡsource ῥίζα -ης ἡsow (seed) I sow (seed) σπείρωspare I spare φείδομαιspeak against I speak against ἀντιλέγωspeak freely I speak freely παρρησιάζομαιspeak I speak λαλέωspirit πνεῦμα -ατος τόSpirit πνεῦμα -ατος τόspiritual πνευματικός -ή -όνsplit I split σχίζωspring πηγή -ῆς ἡstaff ῥάβδος -ου ἡstand by I stand by παρίστημιstand fast I stand fast στήκω (cf ἵστημι)stand over I stand over ἐφίστημιstand with I stand with (intrans) συνίστημιstand I stand στήκω (cf ἵστημι)star ἀστήρ -έρος ὁstartle I startle ξενίζωstatement λόγος -οῦ ὁstay I stay διατρίβωstay I stay μένωsteadfastness μακροθυμία -ας -ἡsteal I steal κλέπτωstep in I step in ἐμβαίνωsteward (house) οἰκονόμος -ου ὁstick ῥάβδος -ου ἡstill ἔτι

341

stomach στόμα -ατος τόstone λίθος -ου ὁstone I stone λιθάζωstop I stop παύωstorehouse θησαυρός -οῦ ὁstrange ἀλλότριος -α -ονstrange ξένος -η -ονstreet πλατεῖα -ας ἡstrength ἰσχύς -ύος ἡstretch out I stretch out ἐκτείνωstrife ἔρις -ιδος ἡstrife στάσις -εως ἡstrike I strike πατάσσωstrong δυνατός -ή -όνstrong ἰσχυρός -ά -όνstrong I am strong ἰσχύωsubject I subject ὑποτάσσωsubordinate I subordinate ὑποτάσσωsuch τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτονsuch as οἷος -α -ονsuch as this τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτονsuffer I suffer πάσχωsuffering πάθημα -ατος τόsufficient ἱκανός -ή -όνsummon I summon προσκαλέομαιsun ἥλιος -ου ὁsupper δεῖπνον -ου τόsupport I support στηρίζωsuppose I suppose δοκέωsuppose I suppose νομίζωsuppress I suppress κατέχωsurrender I surrender ἐπιδίδωμιswear I swear ὄμνυμιswine χοῖρος -ου ὁsword μάχαιρα -ης ἡsynagogue συναγωγή -ῆς ἡsynagogue leader ἀρχισυνάγωγος -ου ὁtabernacle σκηνή -ῆς ἡtable τράπεζα -ης ἡtake aside I take aside ἀπολαμβάνωtake away I take away αἴρωtake away I take away ἀναιρέωtake away I take away ἀφαιρέωtake hold of I take hold of ἐπιλαμβάνομαιtake off I take off ἀποτίθημιtake rest I take rest (in middle voice) ἀναπαύωtake up I take up αἴρωtake up I take up ἀναλαμβάνω

342

take I take δέχομαιtake I take λαμβάνωtake I take παραλαμβάνωtake I take πιάζωtalent (large unit of money) τάλαντον -ου τόtaste I taste γεύομαιtax collector τελώνης -ου ὁteach I teach διδάσκωteach I teach παιδεύωteacher διδάσκαλος -ου ὁteacher ῥαββί ὁteaching διδασκαλία -ας ἡteaching διδαχή -ῆς ἡtear δάκρυον -ου τόtear down I tear down καθαιρέωtear I tear σχίζωtell I tell λέγωtemple ναός -οῦ ὁtemple (precinct) ἱερόν -οῦ τόtempt I tempt πειράζωtemptation πειρασμός -οῦ ὁtemptation σκάνδαλον -ου τόten δέκαtent σκηνή -ῆς ἡterror φόβος -ου ὁtest πειρασμός -οῦ ὁtest I test πειράζωtestify solemnly I testify solemnly διαμαρτύρομαιtestify I testify μαρτυρέωtestimony μαρτυρία ας ἡtestimony a testimony μαρτύριον -ου τόthan ἤthanks χάρις -ιτος ἡthanksgiving εὐχαριστία -ας ἡthat ἐπί (+ acc)that ἵναthat ὅπωςthat ὅτιthat ὡςthat (one) ἐκεῖνος -η -οthat not μήποτεthe ὁ ἡ τόthen ἄραthen γάρthen δέthen εἶταthen ἔπειταthen τότεthen so therefore οὖνthere ἐκεῖ

343

therefore ἄραtherefore διότιtherefore ὥστεtherefore διόthief κλέπτης -ου ὁthing ῥημα -ατος τόthink I think δοκέωthink I think ἡγέομαιthink I think νομίζωthink I think φρονέωthird (part) τρίτος -η -ονthirst I thirst διψάωthirty τριάκονταthis οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτοthis (here) ὅδε ἥδε τόδεthis one οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτοThomas Θωμᾶς -ᾶ ὁthorn ἄκανθα -ης ἡthorn bush ἄκανθα -ης ἡthousand χίλιοι -αι -αthousand a χιλιάς -άδος ἡthree τρεῖς τρίαthree times τρίςthrone θρόνος -ου ὁthrough διά (+ gen)throw I throw βάλλωthunder βροντή -ῆς ἡthus οὕτως οὕτωtie I tie δέωtime ἡμέρα -ας ἡtime χρόνος -ου ὁtime (appointed) καιρός -οῦ ὁTimothy Τιμόθεος -ου ὁtitle ὄνομα -ατος τόTitus Τίτος -ου ὁto εἰς (+ acc)to ἐπί (+ acc)to πρός (+ acc)to which οὗtoday σήμερονtogether ἅμαtogether ὁμοθυμαδόνtomb μνῆμα -ατος τόtomb μνημεῖον -ου τόtomorrow αὔριονtomorrow ἐπαύριονtone φωνή -ῆς ἡtongue γλῶσσα -ῆς ἡtooth ὀδούς -όντος ὁtorment I torment βασανίζωtouch I touch ἅπτω

344

toward εἰς (+ acc)toward πρός (+ acc)tradition παράδοσις -εως ἡtrain I train παιδεύωtrain I train τρέφωtrap σκάνδαλον -ου τόtreasure θησαυρός -οῦ ὁtree δένδρον -ου τόtree ξύλον -ου τόtrespass παράπτωμα -ατος τόtribe φυλή -ῆς ἡtribune (military) commanding 1000 χιλίαρχος -ου ὁtrouble θλῖψις -εως ἡtrouble κόπος -ου ὁtrouble I trouble ταράσσωtrue ἀληθής -έςtrue ἀληθινός -ή -όνtruly ἀληθῶςtruly ἀμήνtruly ναίtrumpet σάλπιγξ -ιγγος ἡtrumpet I sound the trumpet σαλπίζωtrust πίστις -εως ἡtrusting πιστός -ή -όνtrustworthy πιστός -ή -όνtruth ἀλήθεια -ας ἡtunic χιτών -ῶνος ὁturn away I turn away ἀποστρέφωturn back I turn back ὑποστρέφωturn to I turn to ἐπιστρέφωturn I turn στρέφωtwelve δώδεκαtwenty εἴκοσιtwo δύοTyre Τύρος -ου ἡunbelief ἀπιστία -ας ἡunbelieving ἄπιστος -ονunchastity πορνεία -ας ἡuncircumcision ἀκροβυστία -ας ἡunclean ἀκάθαρτος -ονunclean κοινός -ή -όνuncleanness ἀκαθαρσία -ας ἡuncover I uncover ἀποκαλύπτωunder ὑπό (+ gen)under ὑποκάτωunderstand I understand ἀκούωunderstand I understand ἐπίσταμαιunderstand I understand νοέωunderstand I understand οἴδα (perfect from εἰδ-)

345

understand I understand συνίημιunderstanding διάνοια -ας ἡunderstanding νοῦς νοός ὁundertaking πρᾶγμα -ατος τόunderworld ἄβυσσος -ου ἡundeservedly δωρέανunique μονογενής -έςunite I unite κολλάωuniverse κόσμος -ου ὁunjust ἄδικος -ονunleavened ἄζυμος -ονunrighteousness ἀδικία -ας ἡuntil ἄχρι ἄχριςuntil ἕωςuntil ἕως (+ gen)until μέχριup ἀνά (+ acc)upright δίκαιος -α -ονupward ἀνά (+ acc)upward ἄνωurge on I urge on συνέχωurge I urge ἀναγκάζωurge I urge παρακαλέωuse I use χράομαιvaried ποικίλος -η -ονvengeance ἐκδίκησις -εως ἡverily ἀμήνvery λίανvessel σκεῦος -ους τόvestibule πυλών -ῶνος ὁvillage κώμη -ης ἡvine ἄμπελος -ου ἡvineyard ἀμπελών -ῶνος ὁvirgin παρθένος -ου ἡὁvisible φανερός -ά -όνvision ὅραμα -ατος τόvisit I visit ἐπισκέπτομαιvoice φωνή -ῆς ἡwages μισθός -οῦ ὁwait for I wait for προσδέχομαιwait for I wait for προσδοκάωwait upon I wait upon διάκονέωwake I wake ἐγείρωwalk I walk περιπατέωwall (city wall) τεῖχος -ους τόwandering πλάνη -ης ἡwant I want βούλομαιwar πόλεμος -ου ὁwarn I warn διαμαρτύρομαιwarn I warn ἐπιτιμάωwarn I warn χρηματίζω

346

wash I wash νίπτωwatch (of the night) φυλακή -ῆς ἡwatch I watch γρηγορέωwater ὕδωρ -ατος τόwater I water ποτίζωway ὁδός -οῦ ἡway (of life) τρόπος -ου ὁWay the Way ὁδός -οῦ ἡwe ἐγώ ἐμοῦ ἡμεῖς ἡμῶνwe ἡμεῖςweak ἀσθενής -έςweak I am weak ἀσθενέωweakness ἀσθένεια -ας ἡwealth πλοῦτος -ου ὁwear I wear ἐνδύωwedding γάμος -ου ὁweep I weep κλαίωweeping δάκρυον -ου τόwell καλῶςwhat ὅς ἥ ὅwhat is right χρηστότης -ητος ἡwhat ποῖος -α -ονwhat τίς τίwhatever ὅστις ἥτις ὅτιwheat σῖτος -ου ὁwhen ἐπειδήwhen ἐπί (+ gen)when ὅτεwhen ποτέwhence ὅθενwhenever ὅτανwhere ὅπουwhere οὗwhere ποῦwhether εἰwhether εἴτεwhich ὅς ἥ ὅwhich ποῖος -α -ονwhich τίς τίwhichever ὅστις ἥτις ὅτιwhile ὅτεwhite λευκός -ή -όνwhither ποῦwho ὅς ἥ ὅwho τίς τίwhoever ὅστις ἥτις ὅτιwhole ὅλος -η -ονwhole ὑγιής -έςwhy τίς τίwidow χήρα -ας ἡwife γυνή -αικός ἡ

347

wild beast θηρίον -ου τόwilderness ἔρημος -ου ἡwill θέλημα -ατος τόwill I will θέλωwind ἄνεμος -ου ὁwind πνεῦμα -ατος τόwine οἶνος -ου ὁwineskin ἀσκός -οῦ ὁwisdom γνῶσις -εως ἡwisdom σοφία -ας ἡwise σοφός -ή -όνwise φρόνιμος -ονwish θέλημα -ατος τόwish I wish βούλομαιwish I wish θέλωwith μετά ( + gen)with παρά (+ gen)with παρά (+ dat)with περί (+ acc)with πρός (+ acc)with σύν (+ dat)with one mind ὁμοθυμαδόνwithdraw I withdraw ἀφίστημιwither I wither ξηραίνωwithout χωρίς (+ gen)witness μαρτυρία ας ἡwitness μαρτύριον -ου τόwitness μάρτυς -υρος ὁwoe οὐαίwoman γυνή -αικός ἡwomb γαστήρ -τρός ἡwomb κοιλία -ας ἡwonder τέρας -ατος τόwonder I wonder θαυμάζωwood ξύλον -ου τόword λόγος -οῦ ὁWord λόγος -οῦ ὁword ῥημα -ατος τόwork ἔργον -ου τόwork hard I work hard κοπιάωwork out I work out κατεργάζομαιwork I work ἐνεργέωwork I work ἐργάζομαιworkman ἐργάτης -ου ὁworld κόσμος -ου ὁworld (inhabited) οἰκουμένη -ης ἡworse χείρων -ονworship I worship λατρεύωworship I worship προσκυνέωworship I worship σέβομαιworthy ἄξιος -α -ον

348

wound πληγή -ῆς ἡwrath θυμός -οῦ ὁwrath (of God) ὀργή -ῆς ἡwreath στέφανος -ου ὁwrite I write γράφωwriting γραφή -ῆς ἡwritings γράμμα -ατος τόwrong I wrong ἀδικέωyear ἐνιαυτός -οῦ ὁyear ἔτος -ους τόyeast ζύμη -ης ἡyes ναίyet ἔτιyield I yield δίδωμιyou σύ σού ὑμεῖς ὑμῶνyou-all ὑμείς ὑμῶνyoung νέος -α -ονyoung person νεανίσκος -ου ὁyour σός σή σόνyour ὑμέτερος -α -ονyours σός σή σόνyourself of yourself (reflexive) σεαυτοῦ -ῆςyouth νεανίσκος -ου ὁzeal ζῆλος -ου ὁzealous I am zealous ζηλόωZebedee Ζεβεδαῖος -ου ὁZechariah Ζαχαρίας -ου ὁ

349

Greek-English GlossaryWords Occurring Nine or More Times in the New Testament

Verbs are listed in their present active indicative first person singular forms Deponent verbs appear in the present middlepassive indicative form Additional principal parts (PP) appearing in the New Testament are listed below the main entry in the following order

future active aorist active perfect active perfect middlepassive aorist passive

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Greek Word English Meaning(s)Part of Speech

Times in NT(all uses)

Ἀβραάμ ὁ Abraham Verb 73ἄβυσσος -ου ἡ abyss underworld Noun 9ἀγαθοποιέω I do good Verb 9

PP ___ ἠγαθοποίησα ___ ___ ___ἀγαθός -ή -όν good Adj 102ἀγαλλιάω I exult am glad Verb 11

PP ___ ἠγαλλίασα ___ ___ ἠγαλλιάθηνἀγαπάω I love Verb 143

PP ἀγαπήσω ἠγάπησα ἠγάπηκα ἠγάπημαι ἠγαπήθηνἀγάπη -ης ἡ love Noun 116ἀγαπητός -ή -όν beloved Adj 61ἄγγελος -ου ὁ angel messenger Noun 175ἁγιάζω I consecrate make holy sanctify Verb 28

PP ___ ἡγίασα ___ ἡγίασμαι ἡγιάσθηνἁγιασμός -ου ὁ sanctification holiness Noun 10ἅγιος -ια -ον holy consecrated Pl saints Adj 233ἀγνοέω I do not know Verb 22

PP ___ ἠγνόησα ___ ___ ___ἀγορά -ᾶς ἡ marketplace Noun 11ἀγοράζω I buy Verb 30

PP ___ ἠγόρασα ___ ἠγόρασμαι ἠγοράσθηνἈγρίππας -α ὁ Agrippa Noun 11ἀγρός -οῦ ὁ field country Noun 36ἄγω I lead bring arrest Verb 69

PP ἄξω ἤγαγον ___ ___ ἤχθηνἈδάμ ὁ Adam Noun 9ἀδελφή -ῆς ἡ sister Noun 26

ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother member Noun 343ᾅδης -ου ὁ Hades (hell) Noun 10ἀδικέω I wrong do wrong Verb 28

PP ἀδικήσω ἠδίκησα ἠδίκηκα ___ ἠδικήθηνἀδικία -ας ἡ unrighteousness injustice Noun 25ἄδικος -ον unjust dishonest Adj 12ἀδύνατος -ον powerless incapable impossible Adj 10ἄζυμος -ον unleavened Adj 9ἀθετέω I reject nullify Verb 16

PP ἀθετήσω ἠθέτησα ___ ___ ___Αἴγυπτος -ου ἡ Egypt Noun 25αἷμα -ατος τό blood Noun 97αἵρεσις -εως ἡ sect faction party Noun 9αἴρω I take up take away raise Verb 101

PP ἀρῶ ἦρα ἦρκα ἦρμαι ἤρθηναἰτέω I ask Verb 70

PP αἰτήσω ᾔτησα ᾔτηκα ___ ___αἰτία -ας ἡ cause accusation Noun 20αἰών -ῶνος ὁ age eternity Noun 122αἰώνιος -α -ον eternal Adj 71ἀκαθαρσία -ας ἡ uncleanness impurity Noun 10ἀκάθαρτος -ον unclean impure Adj 32ἄκανθα -ης ἡ thorn thorn bush Noun 14ἀκοή -ῆς ἡ report hearing Noun 24ἀκολουθέω I follow accompany Verb 90

PP ἀκολουθήσω ἠκολούθησα ἠκολούθηκα ___ ___ἀκούω I hear understand learn Verb 428

PP ἀκούσω ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα ___ ἠκούσθηνἀκριβῶς accurately carefully Adv 9ἀκροβυστία -ας ἡ uncircumcision Gentiles Noun 20ἀλείφω I anoint Verb 9

PP ___ ἤλειψα ___ ___ ___ἀλέκτωρ -ορος ὁ rooster cock Noun 12ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth Noun 109ἀληθής -ές true honest Adj 26ἀληθινός -ή -όν true Adj 28ἀληθῶς truly Adv 18ἀλλά but except rather Conj 637ἀλλήλων one another Adj 100ἄλλος -η -ον other another Adj 154ἀλλότριος -α -ον anotherrsquos strange Adj 14ἅλυσις -εως ἡ chain Noun 11ἅμα at the same time together Adv 10ἁμαρτάνω I sin Verb 43

PP ἁμαρτήσω ἡμάρτησα ἡμάρτηκα ___ ___ἁμαρτία -ας ἡ sin Noun 173ἁμαρτωλός -όν sinful Adj 47ἁμαρτωλός -όν sinner Noun 47ἀμήν truly amen let it be so Particle 129ἄμπελος -ου ἡ vine Noun 9ἀμπελών -ῶνος ὁ vineyard Noun 23

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351

ἀμφότεροι -αι -α both Adj 14ἄν (untranslated contingency) Particle 166ἀνά (+ acc) upward up each Prep 13ἀναβαίνω I go up ascend Verb 82

PP ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα ___ ___ἀναβλέπω I look up receive sight Verb 25

PP ___ ἀνέβλεψα ___ ___ ___ἀναγγέλλω I announce report Verb 14

PP ἀναγγελῶ ἀνήγγειλα ___ ___ ἀνηγγέληνἀναγινώσκω I read read aloud Verb 32

PP ___ ἀνέγνων ___ ___ ἀνεγνώσθηνἀνάγκη -ης ἡ necessity Noun 17ἀναγκάζω I compel urge Verb 9

PP ___ ἠνάγκασα ___ ___ ἠναγκάσθηνἀνάγω I lead up Mid set sail Verb 23

PP ___ ἀνήγαγον ___ ___ ἀνήχθηνἀναιρέω I take away kill Verb 24

PP ἀνελῶ ἀνεῖλον ___ ___ ἀνῃρέθηνἀνάκειμαι I recline (at table) Verb 14ἀνακρίνω I examine question judge Verb 16

PP ___ ἀνέκρινα ___ ___ ἀνεκρίθηνἀναλαμβάνω I take up Verb 13

PP ___ ἀνέλαβον ___ ___ ἀνελήμφθηνἉνανίας -ου ὁ Ananias Noun 11ἀναπαύω I refresh Mid take rest Verb 12

PP ἀναπαύσω ἀνέπαυσα ___ ἀναπέπαυμαι ἀνεπαύθηνἀναπίπτω I recline Verb 12

PP ___ ἀνέπεσον ___ ___ ___ἀνάστασις -εως ἡ resurrection Noun 42ἀναστρέφω I overturn return Verb 9

PP ἀναστρέψω ἀνέστρεψα ___ ___ ἀνεστράφηνἀναστροφή -ῆς ἡ conduct behavior Noun 13ἀνατέλλω I rise Verb 9

PP ___ ἀνέτειλα ἀνατέταλκα ___ ___ἀνατολή -ῆς ἡ east dawn Noun 11ἀναφέρω I bring up offer Verb 10

PP ___ ἀνήνεγκα ___ ___ ___ἀναχωρέω I depart Verb 14

PP ___ ἀνεχώρησα ___ ___ ___Ἀνδρέας -ου ὁ Andrew Noun 13ἄνεμος -ου ὁ wind Noun 31ἀνέχω I endure Verb 15

PP ἀνέξω ἀνέσχον ___ ___ ___ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁ man husband someone Noun 216ἀνθίστημι I resist oppose Verb 14

PP ___ ἀντέστην ἀνθέστηκα ___ ___ἄνθρωπος -ου ὁ man human husband Noun 550ἀνίστημι I raise cause to rise Verb 108

PP ἀναστήσω ἀνέστησα ___ ___ ___ἀνοίγω I open Verb 77

PP ἀνοίξω ἠνέῳξα ἀνέῳγα ἀνέῳγμαι ἠνοίχθην

352

352

ἀνομία -ας ἡ lawlessness Noun 15ἄνομος -ον lawless Adj 9ἀντί (+ gen) instead of for Prep 22ἀντιλέγω I speak against oppose Verb 11

PP ___ ἀντεῖπον ___ ___ ___Ἀντιόχεια -ας ἡ Antioch Noun 18ἄνω above upward Adv 9ἄνωθεν from above again Adv 13ἄξιος -α -ον worthy comparable Adj 41ἀπαγγέλλω I announce report Verb 45

PP ἀπαγγελῶ ἀπήγγειλα ___ ___ ἀπηγγέληνἀπάγω I lead away Verb 15

PP ___ ἀπήγαγον ___ ___ ἀπήχθηνἅπαξ once once for all Adv 14ἀπαρνέομαι I deny 11

PP ἀπαρνήσομαι ἀπηρνησάμην ___ ___ ἀπηρνήθηνἀπαρχή -ῆς ἡ firstfruits first Noun 9ἅπας -ασα -αν all Adj 34ἀπειθέω I disbelieve disobey Verb 14

PP ___ ἠπείθησα ___ ___ ___ἀπέρχομαι I depart Verb 117

PP ἀπελεύσομαι ἀπῆλθον ἀπελήλυθα ___ ___ἀπέχω I have received am distant Verb 19ἀπιστία -ας ἡ unbelief Noun 11ἄπιστος -ον unbelieving faithless Adj 23ἀπό (+ gen) from of by Prep 646ἀποδίδωμι I give back pay Verb 48

PP ἀποδώσω ἀπέδωκα ___ ___ ἀπεδόθηνἀποδοκιμάζω I reject Verb 9

PP ___ ἀπεδοκίμασα ___ ἀποδεδοκίμασμαι ἀπεδοκιμάσθηνἀποθνῄσκω I die Verb 111

PP ἀποθανοῦμαι ἀπέθανον ___ ___ ___ἀποκαλύπτω I reveal uncover Verb 26

PP ἀποκαλύψω ἀπεκάλυψα ___ ___ ἀπεκαλύφθηνἀποκάλυψις -εως ἡ revelation Noun 18ἀποκρίνομαι I answer reply Verb 230

PP ___ ἀπεκρινάμην ___ ___ ἀπεκρίθηνἀποκτείνω I kill Verb 74

PP ἀποκτενῶ ἀπέκτεινα ___ ___ ἀπεκτάνθηνἀπολαμβάνω I take aside receive Verb 10

PP ἀπολήμψομαι ἀπέλαβον ___ ___ ___ἀπόλλυμι I destroy ruin Mid I die Verb 90

PP ἀπολέσω ἀπώλεσα ἀπολώλεκα ___ ___Ἀπολλῶς -ῶ ὁ Apollos Noun 10ἀπολογέομαι I defend myself Verb 10

PP ___ ἀπελογησάμην ___ ___ ἀπελογήθηνἀπολύτρωσις -εως ἡ redemption release Noun 10ἀπολύω I release divorce Verb 66

PP ἀπολύσω ἀπέλυσα ___ ἀπολέλυμαι ἀπελύθηνἀποστέλλω I send send out Verb 132

PP ἀποστέλῶ ἀπέστειλα ἀπέσταλκα ἀπέσταλμαι

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ἀπεστάληνἀπόστολος -ου ὁ apostle messenger Noun 80ἀποστρέφω I turn away Verb 9

PP ἀποστρέψω ἀπέστρεψα ___ ἀπέστραμμαι ἀπεστράφηνἀποτίθημι I take off lay aside Verb 9

PP ___ ἀπέθηκα ___ ___ ___ἅπτω I touch Verb 39

PP ___ ἧψα ___ ___ ___ἀπώλεια -ας ἡ destruction Noun 18ἄρα so then therefore Particle 49ἀργύριον -ου τό silver money Noun 20ἀρέσκω I please Verb 17

PP ἀρέσω ἤρεσα ___ ___ ___ἀριθμός -οῦ ὁ number Noun 18ἀρνέομαι I deny refuse Verb 33

PP ἀρνήσομαι ἠρνησάμην ___ ἤρνημαι ___ἀρνίον -ου τό lamb Noun 30ἁρπάζω I seize Verb 14

PP ἁρπάσω ἥρπασα ___ ___ ἡρπάσθηνἄρσην -εν male Adj 9ἄρτι now just now immediately Adv 36ἄρτος -ου ὁ bread food Noun 97ἀρχαῖος -αία αῖον old ancient Adj 11ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning ruler Noun 55ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁ high priest chief priest Noun 122ἀρχισυνάγωγος -ου ὁ synagogue leader Noun 9ἄρχω I rule Mid begin Verb 86

PP ἄρξομαι ἠρξάμην ___ ___ ___ἄρχων -οντος ὁ ruler Noun 37ἀσεβής -ές godless impious Adj 9ἀσέλγεια -ας ἡ sensuality licentiousness Noun 10ἀσθένεια -ας ἡ weakness sickness Noun 24ἀσθενέω I am weak sick powerless Verb 33

PP ___ ἠσθένησα ἠσθένηκα ___ ___ἀσθενής -ές weak sick powerless Noun 26Ἀσία -ας ἡ Asia Noun 18ἀσκός -οῦ ὁ wineskin leather bottle Noun 12ἀσπάζομαι I greet salute Verb 59

PP ___ ἠσπασάμην ___ ___ ___ἀσπασμός -οῦ ὁ greeting Noun 10ἀστήρ -έρος ὁ star Noun 24ἀτενίζω I look intently gaze upon Verb 14

PP ___ ἠτένισα ___ ___ ___ἀστραπή -ῆς ἡ lightning Noun 9αὐλή -ῆς ἡ courtyard palace Noun 12αὐξάνω I grow increase Verb 23

PP αὐξήσω ηὔξησα ___ ___ ηὐξήθηναὔριον tomorrow Adv 14αὐτός -ή -ό he she it Pron 5596αὐτός -ή -ό self same Pron 5596ἀφαιρέω I take away cut off Adj 10

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PP ἀφελῶ ἀφεῖλον ___ ___ ἀφῃρέθηνἄφεσις -εως ἡ pardon remission Noun 17ἀφίημι I permit let go forgive Verb 143

PP ἀφήσω ἀφῆκα ___ ἀφέωμαι ἀφέθηνἀφίστημι I mislead withdraw depart Verb 14

PP ἀποστήσομαι ἀπέστησα ___ ___ ___ἀφορίζω I separate Verb 10

PP ἀφορίσω ἀφώρισα ___ ἀφώρισμαι ἀφωρίσθηνἄφρων -ον foolish ignorant Adj 11Ἀχαΐα -ας ἡ Achaia Noun 10ἄχρι ἄχρις (+ gen) as far as Prep 49ἄχρι ἄχρις until Conj 49Βαβυλών -ῶνος ἡ Babylon Noun 12βάλλω I throw put Verb 122

PP βαλῶ ἔβαλον βέβληκα βέβλημαι ἐβλήθηνβαπτίζω I baptize Verb 77

PP βαπτίσω ἐβάπτισα ___ βεβάπτισμαι ἐβαπτίσθηνβάπτισμα -ατος τό baptism Noun 19βαπτιστής -οῦ ὁ Baptist (John the Baptist) Noun 12Βαραββᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Barabbas (son of Abba) Noun 11Βαρναβᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Barnabas Noun 28βασανίζω I torment Verb 12

PP ___ ἐβασάνισα ___ ___ ἐβασανίσθηνβασιλεία -ας ἡ kingdom Noun 162βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king Noun 115βασιλεύω I rule reign Verb 21

PP βασιλεύσω ἐβασίλευσα ___ ___ ___βαστάζω I bear carry Verb 27

PP βαστάσω ἐβάστασα ___ ___ ___Βηθανία -ας ἡ Bethany Noun 12βῆμα -ατος τό judgment seat Noun 12βιβλίον -ου τό book scroll Noun 34βίβλος -ου ἡ book Noun 10βίος -ου ὁ life Noun 10βλασφημέω I blaspheme revile Verb 34

PP ___ ἐβλασφήμησα ___ ___ ἐβλασφημήθηνβλασφημία -ας ἡ blasphemy slander Noun 18βλέπω I see look at Verb 132

PP βλέψω ἔβλεψα ___ ___ ___βοάω I cry aloud Verb 12

PP βοήσω ἐβόησα ___ ___ ___βόσκω I feed graze Verb 9βουλή -ῆς ἡ counsel purpose Noun 12βούλομαι I wish want determine Verb 37

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐβουλήθηνβροντή -ῆς ἡ thunder Noun 12βρῶμα -ατος τό food Noun 17βρῶσις -εως ἡ eating food rust Noun 11Γαλιλαία -ας ἡ Galilee Noun 61Γαλιλαῖος -α -ον Galilean Adj 11γαμέω I marry Verb 28

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PP ___ ἐγάμησαἔγημα γεγάμηκα ___ ἐγαμήθηνγάμος -ου ὁ marriage wedding Noun 16γάρ for so then Conj 1041γαστήρ -τρός ἡ belly womb Noun 9γέ indeed really even Particle 25γέεννα -ης ἡ Gehenna hell Hinnom Valley Noun 12γέμω I fill Verb 11γενεά -ᾶς ἡ generation family race Noun 43γεννάω I give birth to become the

father of produce Verb 97PP γεννήσω ἐγέννησα γεγέννηκα γεγέννημαι ἐγεννήθην

γένος -ους τό race family Noun 20γεύομαι I taste eat Verb 15

PP γεύσομαι ἐγευσάμην ___ ___ ___γεωργός -οῦ ὁ farmer Noun 19γῆ γῆς ἡ earth land region Noun 250γίνομαι I become am happen Verb 669

PP γενήσομαι ἐγενόμην γέγονα γεγένημαι ἐγενήθηνγινώσκω I know learn realize Verb 222

PP γνώσομαι ἔγνων ἔγνωκα ἔγνωσμαι ἐγνώσθηνγλῶσσα -ης ἡ language tongue Noun 50γνώμη -ης ἡ purpose opinion Noun 9γνωρίζω I make known reveal Verb 25

PP γνωρίσω ἐγνώρισα ___ ___ ἐγνωρίσθηνγνῶσις -εως ἡ knowledge wisdom Noun 29γνωστός -ή -όν known Adj 15γονεύς -έως ὁ parent Noun 20γόνυ -ατος τό knee Noun 12γράμμα -ατος τό letter (of the alphabet) writings Noun 14γραμματεύς -έως ὁ scribe Noun 63γραφή -ῆς ἡ writing Scripture Noun 50γράφω I write Verb 191

PP γράψω ἔγραψα ψέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφηνγρηγορέω I watch keep awake Verb 22

PP ___ ἐγρηγόρησα ___ ___ ___γυμνός -ή -όν naked Adj 15γυνή -αικός ἡ woman wife Noun 215γωνία -ας ἡ corner Noun 9δαιμονίζομαι I am possessed by a demon Verb 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐδαιμονίσθηνδαιμόνιον -ου τό demon evil spirit Noun 63δάκρυον -ου τό tear weeping Noun 10Δαμασκός -οῦ ἡ Damascus Noun 15Δαυίδ ὁ David Noun 59δέ but and then Conj

Particle 2792δέησις -εως ἡ entreaty petition Noun 18δεῖ it is necessary (impersonal) Verb 101δείκνυμι I show explain Verb 33

PP δείξω ἔδειξα δέδειχα ___ ἐδείχθηνδεῖπνον -ου τό supper Noun 16

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δέκα ten Adj 25δένδρον -ου τό tree Noun 25δεξιός -ά -όν right (hand) Adj 54δεόμαι I ask beg pray Verb 22

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐδεήθηνδέρω I beat Verb 15

PP ___ ἔδειρα ___ ___ ἐδάρηνδέσμιος -ου ὁ prisoner Noun 16δεσμός -οῦ ὁ fetter bond Noun 18δεσπότης -ου ὁ master lord Noun 10δεῦτε come Adv 12δεύτερος -α -ον second Adj 43δέχομαι I take receive Verb 56

PP ___ ἐδεξάμην ___ δέδεγμαι ἐδέχθηνδέω I tie bind Verb 43

PP ___ ἔδησα δέδεκα δέδεμαι ἐδέθηνδηνάριον -ου τό denarius (silver coin) Noun 16διά (+ gen) through during by Prep 667διά (+ acc) on account of because of Prep 667διάβολος -ον slanderous Adj 37διάβολος -ον devil Noun 37διαθήκη -ης ἡ covenant decree Noun 33διάκονέω I serve minister wait upon Verb 37

PP διακονήσω διηκόνησα ___ ___ διηκονήθηνδιακονία -ας ἡ service ministry Noun 34διάκονος -ου ὁ ἡ servant deacon Noun 29διακρίνω I judge discriminate Verb 19

PP ___ διέκρινα ___ ___ διεκρίθηνδιαλέγομαι I dispute Verb 13

PP ___ διελεξάμην ___ ___ διελέχθηνδιαλογίζομαι I debate reason Verb 16διαλογισμός -οῦ ὁ reasoning questioning Noun 14διαμαρτύρομαι I warn testify solemnly Verb 15

PP ___ διεμαρτυράμην ___ ___ ___διαμερίζω I divide distribute Verb 11

PP ___ διεμέρισα ___ διαμεμέρισμαι διεμερίσθηνδιάνοια -ας ἡ the mind understanding Noun 12διασκορπίζω I scatter Verb 9

PP ___ διεσκόρπισα ___ διεσκόρπισμαι διεσκορπίσθηνδιατάσσω I command order Verb 16

PP διατάξω διέταξα διατέταχα διατέταγμαι διετάχθηνδιατρίβω I stay remain Verb 9

PP ___ διέτριψα ___ ___ ___διαφέρω I differ carry through Verb 13

PP ___ διήνεγκα ___ ___ ___διδασκαλία -ας ἡ teaching instruction Noun 21διδάσκαλος -ου ὁ teacher Noun 59διδάσκω I teach Verb 97

PP διδάξω ἐδίδαξα ___ ___ ἐδιδάχθηνδιδαχή -ῆς ἡ teaching Noun 30δίδωμι I give entrust yield Verb 415

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PP δώσω ἔδωκα δέδωκα δέδομαι ἐδόθηνδιέρχομαι I pass through Verb 43

PP διελεύσομαι διῆλθον διελήλυθα ___ ___δίκαιος -α -ον righteous just upright Noun 79δικαιοσύνη -ης ἡ righteousness justice Noun 92δικαιόω I justify pronounce righteous 39

PP δικαιώσω ἐδικαίωσα ___ δεδικαίωμαι ἐδικαιώθηνδικαίωμα -ατος τό regulation righteous deed Verb 10δίκτυον -ου τό fish net Noun 12διό therefore for this reason Conj 53διότι because therefore Conj 23διψάω I thirst Verb 16

PP διψήσω ἐδίψησα ___ ___ ___διωγμός -οῦ ὁ persecution Noun 10διώκω I pursue persecute Verb 45

PP διώξω ἐδίωξα ___ δεδίωγμαι ἐδιώχθηνδοκέω I think suppose seem Verb 62

PP δόξω ἔδοξα ___ ___ ___δοκιμάζω I prove by testing approve Verb 22

PP δοκιμάσω ἐδοκίμασα ___ δεδοκίμασμαι ___δόλος -ου ὁ guile deceit Noun 11δόξα -ης ἡ glory majesty Noun 166δοξάζω I glorify honor praise Verb 61

PP δοξάσω ἐδόξασα ___ δεδόξασμαι ἐδοξάσθηνδουλεύω I serve obey Verb 25

PP δουλεύσω ἐδούλευσα δεδούλευκα ___ ___δοῦλος -ου ὁ servant slave Noun 124δράκων -οντος ὁ dragon serpent Noun 13δύναμαι I am powerful am able Verb 210

PP δυνήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ἠδυνήθηνδύναμις -εως ὁ power miracle Noun 119δυνατός -ή -όν powerful strong Adj 32δύο two Adj 135δώδεκα twelve Adj 75δωρέα -ᾶς ἡ gift Noun 11δωρέαν as a gift undeservedly Adv 9δῶρον -ου τό gift Noun 19ἐάν if Conj 333ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς of himself of herself of itself Pron 319ἐάω I permit let go Verb 11

PP εάσω εἴασα ___ ___ ___ἕβδομος -η -ον seventh Adj 9ἐγγίζω I come near Verb 42

PP ἐγγιῶ ἤγγισα ἤγγικα ___ ___ἐγγύς near Adv 31ἐγείρω I raise up restore wake Verb 144

PP ἐγερῶ ἤγειρα ___ ἐγήγερμαι ἠγέρθηνἐγκαταλείπω I leave behind forsake Verb 10

PP ἐγκαταλείψω ἐγκατέλιπον ___ ___ ἐγκατελείφθηνἐγώ ἐμοῦ ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν I we Pron 2582ἔθνος -ους τό nation heathenGentiles 162

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ἔθος -ους τό custom Noun 12εἰ if whether Particle 568εἶδον (aorist see ὁράω) I saw perceived Verb 341εἰδωλόθυτος -ον meat offered to an idol Adj 9εἴδωλον -ου τό image idol Noun 11εἴκοσι twenty Adj 11εἰκών -όνος ἡ image likeness Noun 23εἰμί I am occur live Verb 2462

PP ἔσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___εἶπον (aorist see λέγω) I said Verb 1024εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace Noun 92εἰς (+ acc) into toward to Prep 1767εἷς μία ἕν one single someone Adj 345εἰσάγω I lead in Verb 11

PP ___ εἰσήγαγον ___ ___ ___εἰσέρχομαι I come in go in enter Verb 194

PP εἰσελεύσομαι εἰσῆλθον εἰσελήλυθα ___ ___εἰσπορεύομαι I enter go in Verb 18εἶτα then next Adv 15εἴτε εἴτε ifif whetheror Particle 65ἐκ (+ gen) from out of Prep 914ἕκαστος -η -ον each every Adj 82ἑκατόν one hundred Adj 17ἑκατοντάρχης -ου ὁ centurion captain Noun 20ἐκβάλλω I cast out Verb 81

PP ἐκβαλῶ ἐξέβαλον ___ ___ ἐξεβλήθηνἐκδίκησις -εως ἡ vengeance punishmentq Noun 9ἐκεῖ there Adv 95ἐκεῖθεν from that place Adv 27ἐκεῖνος -η -ο that (one) Pron 243ἐκκλησία -ας ἡ church congregation assembly Noun 114ἐκκόπτω I cut out cut off Verb 10

PP ἐκκόψω ἐξέκοψα ___ ___ ἐξεκόπηνἐκλέγομαι I pick out choose Verb 22

PP ___ ἐξελεξάμην ___ ἐκλέλεγμαι ___ἐκλεκτός -ή -όν chosen elect select Adj 22ἐκπίπτω I fall away fail Verb 10

PP ___ ἐξέπεσον ἐκπέπτωκα ___ ___ἐκπλήσσομαι I am astonished amazed Verb 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐξεπλάγηνἐκπορεύομαι I go out Verb 33

PP ἐκπορεύσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___ἐκτείνω I stretch out Verb 16

PP ἐκτενῶ ἐξέτεινα ___ ___ ___ἕκτος -η -ον sixth Adj 14ἐκχέω I pour out Verb 16

PP ἐκχεῶ ἐξέχεα ___ ___ ἐξεχύθηνἐκχύννομαι (cf ἐκχέω I pour out Verb 11

PP ___ ___ ___ ἐκκέχυμαι ___ἐλαία -ας ἡ olive tree Noun 15ἔλαιον -ου τό olive oil Noun 11

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ἐλάχιστος -η -ον least smallest Adj 14ἐλέγχω I convict reprove expose Verb 17

PP ἐλέγξω ἤλεγξα ___ ___ ἠλέγχθηνἐλεέω I have mercy Verb 29

PP ἐλεήσω ἠλέησα ___ ἠλέημαι ἠλεήθηνἐλεημοσύνη -ης ἡ alms kind deed Noun 13ἔλεος -ους τό mercy Noun 27ἐλευθερία -ας ἡ liberty freedom Noun 11ἐλεύθερος -α -ον free Adj 23Ἐλισάβετ ἡ Elizabeth Noun 9Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁ Greek Gentile heathen Noun 25ἐλπίζω I hope Verb 31

PP ἐλπιῶ ἤλπισα ἤλπικα ___ ___ἐλπίς -ίδος ἡ hope Noun 53ἐμαυτοῦ -ῆς of myself Adj 37ἐμβαίνω I embark step in Verb 16

PP ___ ἐνέβην ___ ___ ___ἐμβλέπω I look at consider Verb 12

PP ___ ἐνέβλεψα ___ ___ ___ἐμός -ή -όν my mine Adj 76ἐμπαίζω I mock Verb 13

PP ἐμπαίξω ἐνέπαιξα ___ ___ ἐνεπαίχθηνἔμπροσθεν in front of before Adv 48ἐμφανίζω I manifest reveal Verb 10

PP ἐμφανίσω ἐνεφάνισα ___ ___ ἐνεφανίσθηνἐν (+ dat) in by among Prep 2752ἔνατος -η -ον ninth Adj 10ἐνδείκνυμι I show forth demonstrate Verb 11

PP ___ ἐνεδειξάμην ___ ___ ___ἐνδύω I put on clothe wear Verb 27

PP ___ ἐνέδυσα ___ ἐνδέδυμαι ___ἕνεκα (+ gen) on account of Prep 26ἐνεργέω I work produce Verb 22

PP ___ ἐνήργησα ἐνήργηκα ___ ___ἐνιαυτός -οῦ ὁ year Noun 14ἔνοχος -ον involved in liable guilty Adj 10ἐντέλλομαι I command Verb 15

PP ἐντελοῦμαι ἐνετειλάμην ___ ἐντέταλμαι ___ἐντεῦθεν from here from this Adv 10ἐντολή -ῆς ἡ commandment order Noun 67ἐντρέπω I make ashamed Verb 9

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐνετράπηνἐνώπιον (+ gen) before Prep 94ἕξ six Adj 10ἐξάγω I lead out bring out Verb 12

PP ___ ἐξήγαγον ___ ___ ___ἐξαποστέλλω I send forth Verb 13

PP ἐξαποστελῶ ἐξαπέστειλα ___ ___ ἐξαπεστάληνἐξέρχομαι I go out Verb 218

PP ἐξελεύσομαι ἐξῆλθον ἐξελήλυθα ___ ___ἔξεστι it is lawful (impersonal) Verb 31

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ἑξήκοντα sixty Adj 9ἐξίστημι I amaze am amazed confuse Verb 17

PP ___ ἐξέστησα ἐξέστηκα ___ ___ἐξομολογέω I confess promise admit Verb 10

PP ἐξομολογήσω ἐξωμολόγησα ___ ___ ___ἐξουθενέω I despise Verb 11

PP ___ ἐξουθένησα ___ ἐξουθένημαι ἐξουθενήθηνἐξουσία -ας ἡ authority power jurisdiction Noun 102ἔξω outside out away Adv 63ἔξω (+ gen) outside out of Prep 63ἔξωθεν from without outside Adv 13ἑορτή -ῆς ἡ feast Noun 25ἐπαγγελία -ας ἡ promise Noun 52ἐπαγγέλλομαι I promise announce Verb 15

PP ___ ἐπηγγειλάμην ___ ἐπήγγελμαι ___ἔπαινος -ου ὁ praise Noun 11ἐπαίρω I lift up Verb 19

PP ___ ἐπῆρα ἐπήρηκα ___ ἐπήρθηνἐπαισχύνομαι I am ashamed Verb 11

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐπαισχύνθηνἐπάνω above over more than Adv 19ἐπάνω (+ gen) over above Prep 19ἐπαύριον tomorrow Adv 17ἐπεί because since for Conj 26ἐπειδή since because when Conj 10ἔπειτα then Adv 16ἐπέρχομαι I come upon appear attack Verb 9

PP ἐπελεύσομαι ἐπῆλθον ___ ___ ___ἐπερωτάω I ask question Verb 56

PP ἐπερωτήσω ἐηρώτησα ___ ___ ἐπηρωτήθηνἐπί (+ gen) on over when near Prep 890ἐπί (+ dat) on in above at Prep 890ἐπί (+ acc) in order that that on to for Prep 890ἐπιβάλλω I lay on put on Verb 18

PP ἐπιβαλῶ ἐπέβαλον ___ ___ ___ἐπιγινώσκω I come to know recognize Verb 44

PP ἐπιγνώσομαι ἐπέγνων ἐπέγνωκα ___ ἐπεγνώσθηνἐπίγνωσις -εως ἡ knowledge Noun 20ἐπιδίδωμι I hand over deliver surrender Verb 9

PP ἐπιδώσω ἐπέδωκα ἐπεδέδωκα ___ ἐπεδόθηνἐπιζητέω I search for Verb 13

PP ___ ἐπεζήτησα ___ ___ ___ἐπιθυμέω I desire Verb 16

PP ἐπιθυμήσω ἐπεθύμησα ___ ___ ___ἐπιθυμία -ας ἡ desire passion Noun 38ἐπικαλέω I call name Mid invoke Verb 30

PP ___ ἐπεκάλεσα ___ ἐπικέκλημαι ἐπεκλήθηνἐπιλαμβάνομαι I take hold of catch arrest Verb 19

PP ___ ἐπελαβόμην ___ ___ ___ἐπιμένω I continue persist Verb 16

PP ἐπιμενῶ ἐπέμεινα ___ ___ ___

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ἐπιπίπτω I fall upon come upon Verb 11PP ___ ἐπέπεσον ἐπιπέπτωκα ___ ___

ἐπιποθέω I desire Verb 9PP ___ ἐπεπόθησα ___ ___ ___

ἐπισκέπτομαι I visit care for Verb 11PP ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπεσκεψάμην ___ ___ ___

ἐπίσταμαι I understand Verb 14ἐπιστολή -ῆς ἡ letter epistle Noun 24ἐπιστρέφω I turn to return Verb 36

PP ἐπιστρέψω ἐπέστρεψα ___ ___ ἐπεστράφηνἐπιτάσσω I order command Verb 10

PP ___ ἐπέταξα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτελέω I complete finish perform Verb 10

PP ἐπιτελέσω ἐπετέλεσα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτίθημι I lay upon inflict upon Verb 39

PP ἐπιθήσω ἐπέθηκαἐπέθην ___ ___ ___ἐπιτιμάω I rebuke warn Verb 29

PP ___ ἐπετίμησα ___ ___ ___ἐπιτρέπω I permit Verb 18

PP ___ ἐπέτρεψα ___ ___ ἐπετράπηνἐπουράνιος -ιον heavenly Adj 19ἑπτά seven Adj 88ἐργάζομαι I work Verb 41

PP ___ ἠργασάμην ___ εἴργασμαι ___ἐργάτης -ου ὁ workman Noun 16ἔργον -ου τό work deed Noun 169ἔρημος -ον deserted empty Adj 48ἔρημος -ου ἡ desert wilderness Noun 48ἔρις -ιδος ἡ strife Noun 9ἔρχομαι I come go Verb 632

PP ἐλεύσομαι ἦλθον ἐλήλυθα ___ ___ἐρωτάω I ask request Verb 63

PP ἐρωτήσω ἠρώτησα ___ ___ ___ἐσθίω I eat Verb 158

PP φάγομαι ἔφαγον ___ ___ ___ἔσχατος -η -ον last end Adj 52ἔσω in inside Adv 9ἔσωθεν from within inside Adv 12ἕτερος -α -ον other another Adj 98ἔτι still yet even Adv 93ἑτοιμάζω I prepare Verb 40

PP ἑτοιμάσω ἡτοίμασα ἡτοίμακα ἡτοίμασμαι ἡτοιμάσθηνἕτοιμος -η -ον ready prepared Adj 17ἔτος -ους τό year Noun 49εὐαγγελίζω I proclaim preach good news Verb 54

PP ___ εὐηγγέλισα ___ εὐηγγέλισμαι εὐηγγελίσθηνεὐαγγέλιον -ου τό good news gospel Noun 76εὐάρεστος -ον pleasing Adj 9εὐδοκέω I am pleased with Verb 21

PP ___ εὐδόκησα ___ ___ ___εὐδοκία -ας ἡ favor good will Noun 9

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εὐθέως immediately Adv 36εὐθύς immediately Adv 59εὐλογέω I bless Verb 41

PP εὐλογήσω εὐλόγησα εὐλόγηκα εὐλόγημαι εὐλογήθηνεὐλογία -ας ἡ blessing praise Noun 16εὑρίσκω I find Verb 176

PP εὑρήσω εὗρον εὕρηκα ___ εὑρέθηνεὐσέβεια -ας ἡ piety godliness Noun 15εὐφραίνω I rejoice Verb 14

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ηὐφράνθηνεὐχαριστέω I give thanks Verb 38

PP ___ εὐχαρίστησα ___ ___ εὐχαριστήθηνεὐχαριστία -ας ἡ thanksgiving Noun 15εὐώνυμος -ον left (as opposed to right) Adj 9Ἔφεσος -ου ἡ Ephesus Noun 16ἐφίστημι I stand over come upon attack Verb 21

PP ___ ἐπέστην ἐφέστηκα ___ ___ἐχθρός -ά -όν hostile Adj 32ἐχθρός -ά -όν enemy Noun 32ἔχω I have keep Verb 708

PP ἕξω ἔσχον ἔσχηκα ___ ___ἕως until Conj 146ἕως (+ gen) until as far as Prep 146Ζαχαρίας -ου ὁ Zechariah Noun 11ζάω I live Verb 140

PP ζήσω ἔζησα ___ ___ ___Ζεβεδαῖος -ου ὁ Zebedee Noun 12ζῆλος -ου ὁ zeal jealousy Noun 16ζηλόω I am zealous Verb 11

PP ___ ἐζήλωσα ___ ___ ___ζητέω I seek desire request Verb 117

PP ζητήσω ἐζήτησα ___ ___ ἐζητήθηνζύμη -ης ἡ yeast leaven Noun 13ζωή -ῆς ἡ life Noun 135ζῷον -ου τό animal living thing Noun 23ζῳοποιέω I make alive Verb 11

PP ζῳοποιήσω ἐζῳοποίησα ___ ___ ἐζῳοποιήθηνἤ ἤ ἤ or than eitheror Particle 343ἡγεμών -όνος ὁ governor leader Noun 20ἡγέομαι I lead guide think regard Verb 28

PP ___ ἡγησάμην ___ ἥγημαι ___ἤδη now already Adv 61ἥκω I have come Verb 26

PP ἥξω ἧξα ἥκα ___ ___Ἠλίας -ου ὁ Elijah Noun 29ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν (see ἐγώ) we Pron 864ἥλιος -ου ὁ sun Noun 32ἡμέρα -ας ἡ day daylight time Noun 389Ἡρῴδης -ου ὁ Herod Noun 43Ἠσαΐας -ου ὁ Isaiah Noun 22θάλασσα -ης ἡ sea Noun 91

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θάνατος -ου ὁ death Noun 120θανατόω I put to death kill Verb 11

PP θανατώσω ἐθανάτωσα ___ ___ ἐθανατώθηνθάπτω I bury Verb 11

PP ___ ἔθαψα ___ ___ ἐτάφηνθαυμάζω I marvel wonder (at) Verb 43

PP θαυμάσομαι ἐθαύμασα ___ ___ ἐθαυμάσθηνθεάομαι I see look at Verb 22

PP ___ ἐθεασάμην ___ τεθέαμαι ἐθεάθηνθέλημα -ατος τό will wish desire Noun 62θέλω I will wish desire Verb 208

PP θελήσω ἠθέλησα ___ ___ ἠθελήθηνθεμελιον -ου τό foundation basis Noun 11θεμέλιος -ου ὁ foundation Noun 12θεός -οῦ ὁ ἡ God god goddess Noun 1317θεραπεύω I heal Verb 43

PP θεραπεύσω ἐθεράπευσα ___ τεθεράπευμαι ἐθεραπεύθηνθερίζω I reap harvest Verb 21

PP θερίσω ἐθέρισα ___ ____ ἐθερίσθηνθερισμός -οῦ ὁ harvest Noun 13θεωρέω I look at see Verb 58

PP ___ ἐθεώρησα ___ ___ ___θηρίον -ου τό wild beast Noun 46θησαυρός -οῦ ὁ treasure storehouse Noun 17θλίβω I press oppress Verb 10

PP ___ ___ ___ τέθλιμμαι ἐθλίβηνθλῖψις -εως ἡ trouble oppression Noun 45θνῄσκω I die Verb 9

PP ___ ___ τέθνηκα ___ ___θρίξ τριχός ἡ hair Noun 15θρόνος -ου ὁ throne Noun 62θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ daughter girl Noun 28θυμός -οῦ ὁ wrath anger passion Noun 18θύρα -ας ἡ door Noun 39θυσία -ας ἡ sacrifice offering Noun 28θυσιαστήριον -ου τό altar Noun 23θύω I sacrifice kill Verb 14

PP ___ ἔθυσα ___ τέθυμαι ἐτύθηνΘωμᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Thomas Noun 11Ἰακώβ ὁ Jacob Noun 27Ἰάκωβος -ου ὁ James Noun 42ἰάομαι I heal Verb 26

PP ἰάσομαι ἰασάμην ___ ἴαμαι ἰάθηνἴδε (see εἶδον) (you) look behold Particle

Interj 29ἴδιος -α -ον onersquos own belong to one Adj 114ἰδού (see εἶδον) (you) behold see consider Particle 200ἱερεύς -έως ὁ priest Noun 31ἱερόν -οῦ τό temple (precinct) Noun 71Ἱεροσόλυμα τάἡ Jerusalem Noun 139Ἰερουσαλήμ ἡ Jerusalem Noun 77

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Ἰησοῦς -οῦ ὁ Jesus Joshua Noun 917ἱκανός -ή -όν sufficient able considerable Adj 39ἱμάτιον -ου τό garment Noun 60ἵνα in order that that so that Conj 779Ἰόππη -ης ἡ Joppa Noun 10Ἰορδάνης -ου ὁ Jordan (river) Noun 15Ἰουδαία -ας ἡ Judea Noun 43Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jew Noun 195Ἰουδαῖος -α -ον Jewish Adj 195Ἰούδας -α ὁ Judas Judah Noun 44ἵππος -ου ὁ horse Noun 17Ἰσαάκ ὁ Isaac Noun 20Ἰσκαριώθ Ἰσκαριώτης ὁ Iscariot Noun 11Ἰσραήλ ὁ Israel Noun 68Ἰσραηλίτης -ου ὁ Israelite Noun 9ἵστημι I stand set Verb 153

PP στήσω ἔστησαἔστην ἕστηκα ἕσταμαι ἐστάθηνἰσχυρός -ά -όν strong mighty Adj 29ἰσχύς -ύος ἡ strength power Noun 10ἰσχύω I am strong able healthy Verb 28

PP ἰσχύσω ἴσχυσα ___ ___ ___ἰχθύς -ύος ὁ fish Noun 20Ἰωάννης -ου ὁ John Noun 135Ἰωνᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Jonah Noun 9Ἰωσήφ ὁ Joseph Noun 35κἀγώ (= καὶ ἐγώ) and I I also Particle 84καθαιρέω I tear down conquer destroy Verb 9

PP καθελῶ καθεῖλον ___ ___ ___καθάπερ even as as just as Adv 13καθαρίζω I cleanse purify Verb 31

PP καθαριῶ ἐκαθάρισα ___ κεκαθάρισμαι ἐκαθαρίσθηνκαθαρός -ά -όν clean pure Adj 27καθεύδω I sleep Verb 22κάθημαι I sit live Verb 91

PP καθήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___καθίζω I seat sit Verb 46

PP καθίσω ἐκάθισα κεκάθικα ___ ___καθίστημικαθιστάνω I set appoint Verb 21

PP καταστήσω κατέστησα ___ ___ κατεστάθηνκαθώς as even as Adv 182καί and even also Conj 9018Καϊάφας -α ὁ Caiaphas Noun 9καινός -ή -όν new Adj 42καιρός -οῦ ὁ time (appointed) season Noun 85Καῖσαρ -αρος ὁ Caesar Noun 29Καισάρεια -ας ἡ Caesarea Noun 17καίω I burn Verb 12

PP ___ ἔκαυσα ___ κεκαύμαι ἐκαύθηνκἀκεῖ and there Adv 10κἀκεῖθεν and from there and then Adv 10

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κἀκεῖνος -η -ο and that one Adj 22κακία -ας ἡ malice evil Noun 11κακός -ή -όν bad evil Adj 50κακῶς badly Adv 16κάλαμος -ου ὁ reed measuring rod Noun 12καλέω I call invite Verb 148

PP καλέσω ἐκάλεσα κέκληκα κέκλημαι ἐκλήθηνκαλός -ή -όν good beautiful Adj 109καλῶς well beautifully Adv 36κἄν and if Particle 17καπνός -οῦ ὁ smoke Noun 13καρδία -ας ἡ heart mind Noun 156καρπός -οῦ ὁ fruit crop Noun 66κατά (+ gen) down from against Prep 469κατά (+ acc) according to during Prep 469καταβαίνω I go down descend Verb 81

PP καταβήσομαι κατέβην καταβέβηκα ___ ___καταβολή -ῆς ἡ foundation Noun 11καταγγέλλω I proclaim Verb 18

PP ___ κατήγγειλα ___ ___ κατηγγέληνκατάγω I bring down Verb 9

PP ___ κατήγαγον ___ ___ κατήχθηνκαταισχύνω I put to shame Verb 13

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ κατῃσχύνθηνκατακαίω I burn down consume Verb 12

PP κατακαύσω κατέκαυσα ___ ___ κατεκαύθηνκατάκειμαι I lie down dine Verb 12κατακρίνω I condemn Verb 18

PP κατακρινῶ κατέκρινα ___ κατακέκριμαι κατεκρίθηνκαταλαμβάνω I overtake catch seize Verb 15

PP ___ κατέλαβον κατείληφα κατείλημμαι κατελήμφθηνκαταλείπω I leave abandon Verb 24

PP κατακείψω κατέλιπον ___ καταλέλειμμαι κατελείφθηνκαταλύω I destroy I lodge Verb 17

PP καταλύσω κατέλυσα ___ ___ κατελύθηνκατανοέω I observe notice consider Verb 14

PP ___ κατενόησα ___ ___ ___καταντάω I come to arrive Verb 13

PP ___ κατήντησα κατήντηκα ___ ___κατάπαυσις -εως ἡ rest Noun 9καταργέω I abolish bring to naught Verb 27

PP καταργήσω κατήργησα κατήργηκα κατήργημαι κατηργήθηνκαταρτίζω I mend fit perfect Verb 13

PP καταρτίσω κατήρτισα ___ κατήρτισμαι ___κατασκευάζω I prepare Verb 11

PP κατασκευάσω κατεσκεύασα ___ κατεσκεύασμαι κατεσκευάσθηνκαταφρονέω I despise look down on Verb 9

PP καταφρονήσω κατεγρόνησα ___ ___ ___κατεργάζομαι I work out achieve Verb 22

PP ___ κατειργασάμην ___ κατείργασμαι κατειργάσθηνκατέρχομαι I come down go down Verb 16

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PP ___ κατῆλθον ___ ___ ___κατεσθίω I eat up devour Verb 14

PP καταφάγομαι κατέφαγον ___ ___ ___κατέχω I hold back suppress hold fast Verb 17

PP ___ κατέσχον ___ ___ ___κατηγορέω I accuse Verb 23

PP κατηγορήσω κατηγόρησα ___ ___ ___κατοικέω I live dwell inhabit Verb 44

PP ____ κατῷκησα ___ ___ ___κάτω below down Adv 9καυχάομαι I boast Verb 37

PP καυχήσομαι ἐκαυχησάμην ___ κεκαύχημαι ___καύχημα -ατος τό boasting pride Noun 11καύχησις -εως ἡ boasting pride Noun 11Καφαρναούμ ἡ Capernaum Noun 16κεῖμαι I lie recline am laid Verb 24κελεύω I order command Verb 25

PP ___ ἐκέλευσα ___ ___ ___κενός -ή -όν empty in vain Noun 18κέρας -ατος τό horn Noun 11κερδαίνω I gain profit Verb 17

PP κερδήσω ἐκέρδησα ___ ___ ἐκερδήθηνκεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head Noun 75κήρυγμα -ατος τό proclamation preaching Noun 9κηρύσσω I proclaim preach Verb 61

PP κηρύξω ἐκήρυξα ___ ___ ἐκηρύχθηνΚηφᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Cephas Noun 9κίνδυνος -ου ὁ danger risk Noun 9κλάδος -ου ὁ branch Noun 11κλαίω I weep Verb 40

PP κλαύσω ἔκλαυσα ___ ___ ___κλάσμα -ατος τό crumb Noun 9κλαυθμός -οῦ ὁ crying Noun 9κλάω I break Verb 14

PP ___ ἔκλασα ___ ___ ___κλείω I shut lock Verb 16

PP κλείσω ἔκλεισα ___ κέκλεισμαι ἐκλείσθηνκλέπτης -ου ὁ thief Noun 16κλέπτω I steal Verb 13

PP κλέψω ἔκλεψα ___ ___ ___κληρονομέω I inherit Verb 18

PP κληρονομήσω ἐκληρονόμησα κεκληρονόμηκα ___ ___κληρονομία -ας ἡ inheritance Noun 14κληρονόμος -ου ὁ heir Noun 15κλῆρος -ου ὁ lot portion Noun 11κλῆσις -εως ἡ call calling Noun 11κλητός -ή -όν called Adj 10κλίνη -ης ἡ bed couch Noun 9κοιλία -ας ἡ belly womb Noun 22κοιμάομαι I sleep fall asleep Verb 18

PP ___ ___ ___ κεκοίμημαι ἐκοιμήθην

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κοινός -ή -όν (in) common unclean Adj 14κοινόω I make common defile Verb 14

PP ___ ἐκοίνωσα κεκοίνωκα κεκοίνωμαι ___κοινωνία -ας ἡ fellowship communion participation Noun 19κοινωνός -οῦ ὁ partner sharer Noun 10κολλάω I unite join Verb 12

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐκολλήθηνκομίζω I bring Mid receive Verb 10

PP κομίσομαι ἐκόμισα ___ ___ ___κοπιάω I labor work hard Verb 23

PP ___ ἐκοπίασα κεκοπίακα ___ ___κόπος -ου ὁ labor trouble Noun 18κοσμέω I adorn put in order Verb 10

PP ___ ἐκόσμησα ___ κεκόσμημαι ___κόσμος -ου ὁ world universe humankind Noun 186κράβαττος -ου ὁ mattress bed Noun 11κράζω I cry out Verb 55

PP κράξω ἔκραξα κέκραγα ___ ___κρατέω I grasp attain Verb 47

PP κρατήσω ἐκράτησα κεκράτηκα κεκράτημαι ___κράτος -ους τό power might rule Noun 12κρείσσωνκρείττων -ον better Adj 19κρίμα -ατος τό judgment decision Noun 27κρίνω I judge decide Verb 114

PP κρινῶ ἔκρινα κέκρικα κέκριμαι ἐκρίθηνκρίσις -εως ἡ judgment condemnation Noun 47κριτής -οῦ ὁ judge Noun 19κρούω I knock Verb 9

PP ___ ἔκρουσα ___ ___ ___κρυπτός -ή -όν hidden Adj 17κρύπτω I conceal hide Verb 18

PP ___ ἔκρυψα ___ κέκρυμμαι ἐκρύβηνκτίζω I create make Verb 15

PP ____ ἔκτισα ___ ἔκτισμαι ἐκτίσθηνκτίσις -εως ἡ judge Noun 19κύριος -ου ὁ Lord master sir Noun 717κωλύω I forbid hinder Verb 23

PP ___ ἐκώλυσα ___ ___ ἐκωλύθηνκώμη -ης ἡ village Noun 27κωφός -ή -όν deaf dumbmute Noun 14Λάζαρος -ου ὁ Lazarus Name 15λαλέω I speak say Verb 296

PP λαλήσω ἐλάλησα λελάληκα λελάλημαι ἐλαλήθηνλαμβάνω I take receive seize Verb 258

PP λήμψομαι ἔλαβον εἴληφα εἴλημμαι ἐλήμφθηνλαός -οῦ ὁ people crowd Noun 142λαμπάς -άδος ἡ lamp Noun 9λαμπρός -ά -όν bright shining Adj 9λατρεύω I serve worship Verb 21

PP λατρεύσω ἐλάτρευσα ___ ___ ___λέγω I say tell declare Verb 1329

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PP ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἐρρέθηνλεπρός -ά -όν leprous (the) leper Adj 9λευκός -ή -όν white bright Adj 25λέων -οντος ὁ lion Noun 9λῃστής -οῦ ὁ robber Noun 15λίαν greatly exceedingly very Adv 12λιθάζω I stone Verb 9

PP ___ ἐλίθασα ___ ___ ἐλιθάσθηνλίθος -ου ὁ stone Noun 59λίμνη -ης ἡ lake Noun 11λιμός -οῦ ὁ hunger famine Noun 12λογίζομαι I calculate account reckon Verb 40

PP ___ ἐλογισάμην ___ ___ ἐλογίσθηνλόγος -ου ὁ word Word statement Noun 330λοιπός -ή -όν remaining other Adj 55λοιπός -ου ὁ the other(s) rest Noun 55λυπέω I grieve Verb 26

PP ___ ἐλύπησα λελύπηκα ___ ἐλυπήθηνλύπη -ης ἡ grief pain Noun 16λυχνία -ας ἡ lampstand Noun 12λύχνος -ου ὁ lamp Noun 14λύω I loose destroy Verb 42

PP λύσω ἔλυσα ___ λέλυμαι ἐλύθηνΜαγδαληνή -ῆς ἡ Magdalene Noun 12μαθητής -οῦ ὁ disciple apprentice Noun 261μακάριος -α -ον blessed happy fortunate Adj 50Μακεδονία -ας ἡ Macedonia Noun 22μακράν far away (from) Adv 9μακρόθεν from afar afar Adv 14μακροθυμέω I am patient Verb 10

PP ___ ἐμακροθύμησα ___ ___ ___μακροθυμία -ας -ἡ patience steadfastness Noun 14μάλιστα especially above all Adv 12μᾶλλον more rather Adv 81μανθάνω I learn Verb 25

PP ___ ἔμαθον μεμάθηκα ___ ___μαργαρίτης -ου ὁ pearl Noun 9Μάρθα -ας ἡ Martha Noun 13Μαρία -ας ἡ Mary Noun 27Μαριάμ ἡ Miriam Noun 27μαρτυρέω I testify bear witness Verb 76

PP ματυρήσω ἐμαρτύρησα μεμαρτύρηκα μεμαρτύρημαι ἐμαρτυρήθηνμαρτυρία -ας ἡ witness testimony reputation Noun 37μαρτύριον -ου τό a testimony witness proof Noun 19μάρτυς -υρος ὁ witness martyr Noun 35μάχαιρα -ης ἡ sword Noun 29μέγας μεγάλη μέγα large great Adj 243μέλει it is a concern Verbal 10μέλλω I am about to Verb 109

PP μελλήσω ___ ___ ___ ___μέλος -ους τό member part Noun 34

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μέν indeed on the one hand Particle 178μένω I remain stay live Verb 118

PP μενῶ ἔμεινα μεμένηκα ___ ___μερίζω I divide separate Verb 14

PP ___ ἐμέρισα μεμέρικα μεμέρισμαι ἐμερίσθηνμεριμνάω I am anxious distracted Verb 19

PP μεριμήνσω ἐμερίμνησα ___ ___ ___μέρος -ους τό part Noun 42μέσος -η -ον middle Adj 58μεστός -ή -όν full Adj 9μετά (+ gen) with by against Prep 469μετά (+ acc) after behind Prep 469μεταβαίνω I depart pass over Verb 12

PP μεταβήσομαι μετέβην μεταβέβηκα ___ ___μετανοέω I repent change my mind Verb 34

PP μετανοήσω μετενόησα ___ ___ ___μετάνοια -ας ἡ repentance Noun 22μεταξύ between Adv 9μεταξύ (+ gen) between Prep 9μεταπέμπω I send for Verb 9

PP ___ μετέπεμψα ___ ___ μετεπέμφθηνμετρέω I measure apportion Verb 11

PP ___ ἐμέτρησα ___ ___ ἐμετρήθηνμέτρον -ου τό measure quantity Noun 14μέχρι until Conj 17μέχρι (+ gen) as far as Prep 17μή not (question implies ldquonordquo) Adv 1042μηδέ but not nor not even Particle 56μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no one nobody nothing Adj 90μηκέτι no longer Adv 22μήν indeed surely Particle 18μήν μηνός ὁ month Noun 18μήποτε lest that not perhaps Particle

Conj 25μήτε neither and not nor Conj 34μήτηρ μητρός ἡ mother Noun 83μήτι questions with negative answers Particle 17μικρός -ά -όν small little Adj 46μιμνῄσκομαι I remember Verb 23

PP ___ ___ ___ μέμνημαι ἐμνήσθηνμισέω I hate Verb 40

PP μισήσω ἐμίσησα μεμίσηκα μεμίσημαι ___μισθός -οῦ ὁ wages reward Noun 29μνᾶ μνᾶς ἡ mina (large monetary unit) Noun 9μνῆμα -ατος τό tomb monument Noun 10μνημεῖον -ου τό tomb monument grave Noun 40μνημονεύω I remember Verb 21

PP ___ ἐμνημόνευσα ___ ___ ___μοιχεύω I commit adultery Verb 15

PP μοιχεύσω ἐμοίχευσα ___ ___ ἐμοιχεύθηνμονογενής -ές only unique Adj 9

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μόνος -η -ον only alone Adj 114μύρον -ου τό ointment perfume Noun 14μυστήριον -ου τό mystery secret Noun 28μωρός -ά -όν foolish fool (subst) Adj 12Μωϋσῆς -έως ὁ Moses Noun 80Ναζαρέθ Ναζαρέτ Nazareth Noun 12Ναζωραῖος -ου ὁ Nazarene from Nazareth Noun 13ναί yes truly Particle 33ναός -οῦ ὁ temple Noun 45νεανίσκος -ου ὁ youth young person Noun 11νεκρός -ά -όν dead dead person (subst) Adj 128νέος -α -ον new young Adj 23νεφέλη -ης ἡ cloud Noun 25νήπιος -α -ον infant child Noun 15νῆσος -ου ἡ island Noun 9νηστεύω I fast Verb 20

PP νηστεύσω ἐνήστευσα ___ ___ ___νικάω I conquer Verb 28

PP νικήσω ἐνίκησα νενίκηκα ___ ἐνικήθηννίπτω I wash Verb 17

PP ___ ἔνιψα ___ ___ ___νοέω I understand Verb 14

PP ___ ἐνόησα νενόηκα ___ ____νομίζω I suppose think Verb 15

PP ___ ἐνόμισα ___ ___ ___νομικός -ή -όν pertaining to the law lawyer (subst) Adj 9νόμος -ου ὁ law Law principle Noun 194νόσος -ου ἡ disease Noun 11νοῦς νοός ὁ mind intellect understanding Noun 24νυμφίος -ου ὁ bridegroom Nounn 16νῦν now Adv 147νυνί now Adv 20νυξ νυκτός ἡ night Noun 61ξενίζω I entertain startle Verb 10

PP ___ ἐξένισα ___ ___ ἐξενίσθηνξένος -η -ον strange foreign alien Adj 14ξηραίνω I dry up wither Verb 15

PP ___ ἐξήρανα ___ ἐξήραμμαι ἐξηράνθηνξύλον -ου τό wood tree Noun 20ὁ ἡ τό the Def

Art 19869ὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (here) Adj 10ὁδός -οῦ ἡ way road journey (the) Way Noun 101ὀδούς -όντος ὁ tooth Noun 12ὅθεν whence from where Adv 15οἴδα (= perf from εἰδ-) I know understand Verb 318

PP εἰδήσω ___ οἶδα ___ ___οἰκέω I live Verb 9

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ___οἰκία -ας ἡ house Noun 93οἰκοδεσπότης -ου ὁ householder house master Noun 12

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οἰκοδομέω I build edify erect Verb 40PP οἰκοδομήσω ᾠκοδόμησα ___ ___ οἰκοδομήθην

οἰκοδομή -ῆς ἡ building edification Noun 18οἰκονομία -ας ἡ management office plan Noun 9οἰκονόμος -ου ὁ (house) steward manager Noun 10οἶκος -ου ὁ house Noun 114οἰκουμένη -ης ἡ (inhabited) world Noun 15οἶνος -ου ὁ wine Noun 34οἷος -α -ον of what sort such as as Rel Pron 14ὀλίγος -η -ον small few Adj 40ὅλος -η -ον whole Adj 109ὅλος -η -ον entirely Adv 109ὀμνύω ὄμνυμι I swear Verb 26

PP ___ ὤμοσα ___ ___ ___ὁμοθυμαδόν with one mind together Adv 11ὅμοιος -α -ον like similar Adj 45ὁμοιόω I make like liken compare Verb 15

PP ὁμοιώσω ὡμοίωσα ___ ___ ὡμοιώθηνὁμοίως likewise so Adv 30ὁμολογέω I confess promise Verb 26

PP ὁμολογήσω ὡμολόγησα ___ ___ ___ὀνειδίζω I reproach insult Verb 9

PP ___ ὠνείδισα ___ ___ ___ὄνομα -ατος τό name title reputation Noun 230ὀνομάζω I name Verb 10

PP ___ ὠνόμασα ___ ___ ὠνομάσθηνὄντως really real AdvAdj 10ὀπίσω behind after Adv 35ὅπου where since Particle 82ὅπως how that in order that Adv

Conj 53ὅραμα -ατος τό vision Noun 12ὁράω I see Verb 113

PP ὄψομαι εἶδον ἑώρακαἑόρακα ___ ὤφθηνὀργή -ῆς ἡ anger wrath (of God) judgment Noun 36ὅριον -ου τό boundary region Noun 12ὅρκος -ου ὁ an oath Noun 10ὄρος -ους τό mountain hill Noun 63ὅς ἥ ὅ who which what Rel

Pron 1418ὅσος -η -ον as great as as many as Adj 110ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι whoever whatever whichever Adj 144ὅταν whenever Particle 123ὅτε when while Particle

Conj 103ὅτι that because for Conj 1293οὗ where to which Adv 24οὐ οὐκ οὐχ οὐχί not (question implies ldquoyesrdquo) Adv 1623οὐαί woe alas Interj 46οὐδέ and not not even neither nor Conj 143οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no one none nothing Adj 234

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οὐδέποτε never Adv 16οὐκέτι no longer Adv 47οὖν then so therefore Particle 498οὔπω not yet Adv 26οὐράνιος -ον heavenly Adj 9οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ heaven sky God Noun 273οὖς ὠτός τό ear Noun 36οὔτε and not neither nor Adv 87οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this Pron 1387οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο he she it this one Subst 1387οὕτως οὕτω thus so in this manner Adv 208οὐχί (see οὐ) not no (question implies ldquoyesrdquo) Adv 54ὀφείλω I owe ought Verb 35ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁ eye sight understanding Noun 100ὄφις -εως ὁ snake Noun 14ὄχλος -ου ὁ crowd multitude Noun 175ὄψιος -α -ον late evening Adj 15πάθημα -ατος τό suffering Noun 16παιδεύω I teach train educate Verb 13

PP ___ ἐπαίδευσα ___ πεπαίδευμαι ἐπαιδεύθηνπαιδίον -ου τό child infant Noun 52παιδίσκη -ης ἡ maidservant Noun 13παῖς παιδός ὁ ἡ child boy girl Noun 24παλαιός -ά -όν old Adj 19πάλιν again Adv 141παντοκράτωρ -ορος ὁ ruler of all Almighty Noun 10πάντοτε always at all times Adv 41παρά (+ gen) from of by with Prep 194παρά (+ dat) beside with in presence of Prep 194παρά (+ acc) alongside of at more than Prep 194παραβολή -ῆς ἡ parable Noun 50παραγγέλλω I command order charge Verb 32

PP ___ παρήγγειλα ___ παρήγγελμαι ___παραγίνομαι I come arrive Verb 37

PP ___ παρεγενόμην ___ ___ ___παράγω I pass by Verb 10παραδίδωμι I hand over betray entrust Verb 119

PP παραδώσω παρέδωκα παραδέδωκα παραδέδομαι παρεδόθηνπαράδοσις -εως ἡ tradition Noun 13παραιτέομαι I make excuse refuse reject request Verb 12

PP ___ παρῃτησάμην ___ παρῄτημαι ___παρακαλέω I call urge exhort console Verb 109

PP ___ παρεκάλεσα ___ παρακέκλημαι παρεκλήθηνπαράκλησις -εως ἡ exhortation consolation Noun 29παραλαμβάνω I take receive accept Verb 49

PP παραλήμψομαι παρέλαβον ___ ___ παρελήμφθηνπαραλυτικός -ή -όν lame paralytic Adj 10παράπτωμα -ατος τό trespass sin Noun 19παρατίθημι I set before Verb 19

PP παραθήσω παρέθηκα ___ ___ παρατέθηνπαραχρῆμα immediately Adv 18

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πάρειμι I have arrived am present Verb 24PP παρέσομαι ___ ___ ___ ___

παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡ camp army fortress barracks Noun 10παρέρχομαι I pass by pass away arrive Noun 29

PP παρελεύσομαι παρῆλθον παρελήλυθα ___ ___παρέχω I offer afford Verb 16

PP παρέξω παρέσχον ___ ___ ___παρθένος -ου ἡ (ὁ) virgin (chaste) Noun 15παρίστημι I am present approach stand by Verb 41

PP παραστήσω παρέστησα παρέστηκα ___ παρεστάθηνπαρουσία -ας ἡ presence arrival coming Noun 24παρρησία -ας ἡ boldness confidence Noun 31παρρησιάζομαι I speak freely Verb 9

PP ___ ἐπαρρησιασάμην ___ ___ ___πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν all every any Adj 1243πάσχα τό Passover Noun 29πάσχω I suffer endure Verb 42

PP ___ ἔπαθον πέπονθα ___ ___πατάσσω I strike hit Verb 10

PP πατάξω ἐπάταξα ___ ___ ___πατήρ πατρός ὁ father ancestor Noun 413Παῦλος -ου ὁ Paul Noun 158παύω I cease stop Verb 15

PP παύσομαι ἔπαυσα ___ πέπαυμαι ___πείθω I persuade convince Verb 52

PP πείσω ἔπεισα πέποιθα πέπεισμαι ἐπείσθηνπεινάω I hunger Verb 23

PP πεινάσω ἐπείνασα ___ ___ ___πειράζω I test tempt Verb 38

PP ___ ἐπείρασα ___ πεπείρασμαι ἐπειράσθηνπειρασμός -οῦ ὁ temptation test Noun 21πέμπω I send Verb 79

PP πέμψω ἔπεμψα ___ ___ ἐπέμφθηνπενθέω I grieve Verb 10

PP πενθήσω ἐπένθησα ___ ___ ___πέντε five Adj 38πέραν (+ gen) beyond Prep 23πέραν (land) on the other side Adv 23περί (+ gen) concerning about Prep 333περί (+ acc) around about regarding with Prep 333περιβάλλω I clothe put around Verb 23

PP περιβαλῶ περιέβαλον ___ περιβέβλημαι ___περιπατέω I walk live Verb 95

PP περιπατήσω περιεπάτησα ___ ___ ___περισσεύω I abound am rich Verb 39

PP ___ ἐπερίσσευσα ___ ___ ἐπερισσεύθηνπερισσότερος -α -ον greater more Adv 16περισσοτέρως more abundantly Adv 12περιστερά -ᾶς ἡ pigeon dove Noun 10περιτέμνω I circumcise Verb 17

PP ___ περιέτεμον ___ περιτέτμημαι περιετμήθην

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περιτομή -ῆς ἡ circumcision Noun 36περίχωρος -ον neighboring Adj 9πετεινόν -οῦ τό bird Noun 14πέτρα -ας ἡ rock Noun 15Πέτρος -ου ὁ Peter Noun 156πηγή -ῆς ἡ spring fountain Noun 11πιάζω I take seize Verb 12

PP ___ ἐπίασα ___ ___ ἐπιάσθηνΠιλᾶτος -ου ὁ Pilate Noun 55πίμπλημι I fill Verb 24

PP ___ ἔπλησα ___ ___ ἐπλήσθηνπίνω I drink Verb 73

PP πίομαι ἔπιον πέπωκα ___ ___πιπράσκω I sell Verb 9

PP ___ ___ πέπρακα πέπραμαι ἐπράθηνπίπτω I fall Verb 90

PP πεσοῦμαι ἔπεσον πέπτωκα ___ ___πιστεύω I believe (in) have faith (in) Verb 241

PP πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα πεπίστευμαι ἐπιστεύθηνπίστις -εως ἡ faith belief trust Noun 243πιστός -ή -όν faithful trustworthy trusting

believer (subst) Adj 67πλανάω I lead astray misguide Verb 39

PP πλανήσω ἐπλάνησα ___ πεπλάνημαι ἐπλανήθηνπλάνη -ης ἡ wandering error delusion Noun 10πλατεῖα -ας ἡ street Noun 10πλεονάζω I grow increase Verb 9

PP ___ ἐπλεόνασα ___ ___ ___πλεονεξία -ας ἡ greediness covetousness Noun 10πληγή -ῆς ἡ plague blow wound Noun 22πλῆθος -ους τό multitude Noun 31πληθύνω I multiply increase Verb 12

PP πληθυνῶ ἐπλήθυνα ___ ___ ἐπληθύνθηνπλήν but however only Adv 31πλήν (+ gen) except Prep 31πλήρης -ες full Adj 16πληρόω I fill finish fulfill Verb 86

PP πληρώσω ἐπλήρωσα πεπλήρωκα πεπλήρωμαι ἐπληρώθηνπλήρωμα -ατος τό fullness Noun 17πλησίον ὁ neighbor (subst use of Adv) Noun 17πλησίον (+ gen) near Prep 17πλοῖον -ου τό boat Noun 67πλούσιος -α -ον rich Adj 28πλουτέω I am rich generous Verb 12

PP ___ ἐπλούτησα πεπλούτηκα ___ ___πλοῦτος -ου ὁ wealth Noun 22πνεῦμα -ατος τό spirit Spirit wind breath Noun 379πνευματικός -ή -όν spiritual Adj 26πόθεν from where Adv 29ποιέω I do make Verb 568

PP ποιήσω ἐποίησα πεποίηκα πεποίημαι ___

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ποικίλος -η -ον varied diverse Adj 10ποιμαίνω I shepherd protect rule Verb 11

PP ποιμανῶ ἐποίμανα ___ ___ ___ποιμήν -ένος ὁ shepherd Noun 18ποῖος -α -ον of what sort what which Pron 33πόλεμος -ου ὁ war conflict Noun 18πόλις -εως ἡ city Noun 163πολλάκις often frequently Adv 18πολύς πολλή πολύ many much great Adj 416πονηρός -ά -όν evil bad sick Adj 78πορεύομαι I go live Verb 153

PP πορεύσομαι ___ ___ πεπόρευμαι ἐπορεύθηνπορνεία -ας ἡ immorality unchastity fornication Noun 25πόρνη -ης ἡ prostitute Noun 12πόρνος -ου ὁ fornicator (sexually) immoral person Noun 10πόσος -η -ον how great how much Pron 27ποταμός -οῦ ὁ river Noun 17ποτέ at some time once ever Particle 19ποτέ when Adv 29ποτήριον -ου τό cup Noun 31ποτίζω I give to drink water Verb 15

PP ___ ἐπότισα πεπότικα ___ ἐποτίσθηνποῦ where whither Adv 48πούς ποδός ὁ foot Nounn 93πρᾶγμα -ατος τό deed undertaking matter Noun 11πράσσω I do perform Verb 39

PP πράξω ἔπραξα πέπραχα πέπραγμαι ___ πραΰτης -ητος ἡ gentleness humility Noun 11πρεσβύτερος -α -ον elder older one Adj 66πρίν (+ gen) before Prep 13πρό (+ gen) before Prep 47προάγω I lead forth go before Verb 20

PP πρόαξω προήγαγον ___ ___ ___πρόβατον -ου τό sheep Noun 39προεῖπον (cf προλέγω λέγω εἶπον) I foretell Verb 12προέρχομαι I proceed Verb 9

PP προελεύσομαι προῆλθον ___ ___ ___πρόθεσις -εως ἡ setting forth plan purpose Noun 12προπέμπω I accompany help on onersquos journey Verb 9

PP ___ προέπεμψα ___ ___ προεπέμφθηνπρός (+ gen) for Prep 700πρός (+ dat) at by on near Prep 700πρός (+ acc) toward to against with Prep 700προσδέχομαι I receive wait for Verb 14

PP ___ προσεδεξάμην ___ ___ ___προσδοκάω I wait for expect Verb 16προσέρχομαι I come to go to Verb 86

PP ___ προσῆλθον προσελήλυθα ___ ___προσευχή -ῆς ἡ prayer Noun 36προσεύχομαι I pray Verb 85

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PP προσεύξομαι προσηυξάμην ___ ___ ___προσέχω I attend to pay attention to Verb 24

PP ___ ___ προσέσχηκα ___ ___προσκαλέομαι I summon invite call Verb 29

PP ___ προσεκαλεσάμην ___ προσκέλημαι ___προσκαρτερέω I continue inwith Verb 10

PP προσκαρτερήσω ___ ___ ___ ___προσκυνέω I worship Verb 60

PP προσκυνήσω προσεκύνησα ___ ___ ___προσλαμβάνω I receive accept Verb 12

PP ___ προσέλαβον προσείληφα ___ ___προστίθημι I add to increase Verb 18

PP ___ προσέθηκα ___ ___ προσετέθηνπροσφέρω I bring to offer Verb 47

PP ___ προσήνεγκα προσενήνοχα ___ προσηνέχθηνπροσφορά -ᾶς ἡ act of offering Noun 9πρόσωπον -ου τό face appearance person Noun 76πρότερος -α -ον former before AdjAdv 11προφητεία -ας ἡ prophecy Noun 19προφητεύω I prophesy preach Verb 28

PP προφηρεύσω ἐπροφήτευσα ___ ___ ___προφήτης -ου ὁ prophet Noun 144πρωΐ early early in the morning Adv 12πρῶτος -η -ον first earlier Adj 155πτωχός -ή -όν poor Adj 34πύλη -ης ἡ gate door Noun 10πυλών -ῶνος ὁ gateway entrance vestibule Noun 18πυνθάνομαι I inquire ask Verb 12

PP ___ ἐπυθόμην ___ ___ ___πῦρ -ός τό fire Noun 71πωλέω I sell Verb 22

PP ____ ἐπώλησα ___ ___ ___πῶλος -ου ὁ colt young donkey Noun 12πῶς how Particle 102πώς at all somehow Particle 15ῥαββί ὁ master rabbi teacher Noun 15ῥάβδος -ου ἡ rod scepter staff stick Noun 12ῥημα -ατος τό word saying thing Noun 68ῥίζα -ης ἡ root source Noun 17ῥύομαι I rescue deliver Verb 17

PP ῥύσομαι ἐρρυσάμην ___ ___ ἐρρύσθηνῬωμαῖος -α -ον Roman (a) Roman (subst) Adj 12σάββατον -ου τό Sabbath Noun 68Σαδδουκαῖος -ου ὁ Sadducee Noun 14σαλεύω I shake Verb 15

PP ___ ἐσάλευσα ___ σεσάλευμαι ἐσαλεύθηνσάλπιγξ -ιγγος ἡ trumpet Noun 11σαλπίζω I sound the trumpet Verb 12

PP σαλπίσω ἐσάλπισα ___ ___ ___Σαμάρεια -ας ἡ Samaria Noun 11Σαμαρίτης -ου ὁ Samaritan Noun 9

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σάρξ σαρκός ἡ flesh body Noun 147σατανᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Satan accuser (= devil) Noun 36Σαούλ ὁ Saul Noun 9Σαῦλος -ου ὁ Saul Noun 15σεαυτοῦ -ῆς of yourself (reflexive) Pron 43σέβομαι I worship Verb 10σεισμός -οῦ ὁ earthquake Noun 14σελήνη -ης ἡ moon Noun 9σημεῖον -ου τό sign miracle Noun 77σήμερον today Adv 41σιγάω I am silent Verb 10

PP ___ ἐσίγησα ___ σεσίμημαι ___Σιδών -ῶνος ἡ Sidon Noun 9Σιλᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Silas Noun 12Σίμων -ωνος ὁ Simon Noun 75σῖτος -ου ὁ wheat grain Noun 14σιωπάω I am silent Verb 10

PP σιωπήσω ἐσιώπησα ___ ___ ___σκανδαλίζω I cause to stumble cause to sin Verb 29

PP ___ ἐσκανδάλισα ___ ___ ἐσκανδαλίσθηνσκάνδαλον -ου τό cause of stumbling trap temptation Noun 15σκεῦος -ους τό vessel object goods (pl) Noun 23σκηνή -ῆς ἡ tent tabernacle Noun 20σκοτία -ας ἡ darkness Noun 16σκότος -ους τό darkness Noun 31Σόδομα -ων τά Sodom Noun 9Σολομών -ῶνος ὁ Solomon Noun 12σός σή σόν your yours Adj 27σοφία -ας ἡ wisdom Noun 51σοφός -ή -όν wise Adj 20σπείρω I sow (seed) Verb 52

PP ___ ἔσπειρα ___ ἔσπαρμαι ἐσπάρηνσπέρμα -ατος τό seed descendants Noun 43σπλάγνον -ου τό bowels heart compassion Noun 11σπλαγχνίζομαι I have compassion pity Verb 12

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐσπλαγχνίσθηνσπουδάζω I hasten am eager Verb 11

PP σπουδάσω ἐσπούδασα ___ ___ ___σπουδή -ῆς ἡ haste diligence eagerness Noun 12στάσις -εως ἡ strife rebellion dispute Noun 9σταυρός -οῦ ὁ cross Noun 27σταυρόω I crucify Verb 46

PP σταυρώσω ἐσταύρωσα ___ ἐσταύρωμαι ἐσταυρώθηνστέφανος -ου ὁ crown wreath Noun 18στήκω (cf ἵστημι) I stand stand fast Verb 10

PP ___ ___ ἕστηκα ___ ___στηρίζω I establish support Verb 13

PP στηρίξω ἐστήριξα ___ ἐστήριγμαι ἐστηρίχθηνστολή -ῆς ἡ robe Noun 9στόμα -ατος τό mouth stomach Noun 78στρατηγός -ου ὁ commander captain Noun 10

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στρατιώτης -ου ὁ soldier Noun 26στρέφω I turn change Verb 21

PP ___ ἔστρεψα ___ ___ ἐστράφηνσύ σού ὑμεῖς ὑμῶν you you-all Pron 2905συγγενής -ές related akin to Adj 11συγγενής -ές relative fellow countryperson Noun 11συζητέω I discuss dispute Verb 10συκῆ -ῆς ἡ fig tree Noun 16συλλαμβάνω I seize conceive arrest Verb 16

PP συλλήμψομαι συνέλαβον συνείληφα ___ συνελήμφθηνσυμφέρω I bring together Verb 15

PP ___ συνήνεγκα ___ ___ ___σύν (+ dat) with Prep 128συνάγω I gather together invite Verb 59

PP συνάξω συνήγαγον ___ συνῆγμαι συνήχθηνσυναγωγή -ῆς ἡ synagogue Noun 56σύνδουλος -ου ὁ fellow slave Noun 10συνέδριον -ου τό Sanhedrin council Noun 22συνείδησις -εως ἡ conscience Noun 30συνεργός -όν fellow worker helper Noun

Adj 13συνέρχομαι I come together Verb 30

PP ___ συνῆλθον συνελήλυθα ___ ___συνέχω I oppress hold fast urge on Verb 12

PP συνέξω συνέσχον ___ ___ ___συνίημι I understand Verb 26

PP συνήσω συνῆκα ___ ___ ___συνίστημι I commend Intrans stand with Verb 16

PP ___ συνέστησα συνέστηκα ___ ___σφάζω I slay murder Verb 10

PP σφάξω ἔσφαξα ___ ἔσφαγμαι ἐσφάγηνσφόδρα exceedingly greatly Adv 11σφραγίζω I seal mark Verb 15

PP ___ ἐσφράγισα ___ ἐσφράγισμαι ἐσφραγίσθηνσφραγίς -ῖδος ἡ seal Noun 16σχίζω I split divide tear Verb 11

PP σχίσω ἔσχισα ___ ___ ἐσχίσθηνσῴζω I save rescue Verb 106

PP σώσω ἔσωσα σέσωκα σέσῳσμαι ἐσώθηνσῶμα -ατος τό living body corpse (unified) church Noun 142σωτήρ -ῆρος ὁ Savior Noun 24σωτηρία -ας ἡ salvation deliverance Noun 46τάλαντον -ου τό talent (large unit of money) Noun 14τάξις -εως ἡ order position Noun 9ταπεινόω I humble Verb 14

PP ταπεινώσω ἐταπείνωσα ___ ___ ἐταπεινώθηνταράσσω I trouble disturb Verb 17

PP ___ ἐτάραξα ___ τετάραγμαι ἐταράχθηνταχέως quickly Adv 15ταχύ (from ταχύς) quickly Adv 18τέ and so Conj 215

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τεῖχος -ους τό (city) wall Noun 9τέκνον -ου τό child descendant Noun 99τέλειος -α -ον complete perfect Adj 19τελειόω I fulfill make perfect Verb 23

PP ___ ἐτελείωσα τετελείωκα τετελείωμαι ἐτελειώθηντελευτάω I die Verb 11

PP ___ ἐτελεύτησα τετελεύτηκα ___ ____τελέω I finish complete fulfill Verb 28

PP τελέσω ἐτέλεσα τετέλεκα τετέλεκα τετέλεσμαι ἐτελέσθηντέλος -ους τό end goal Noun 40τελώνης -ου ὁ tax collector Noun 21τέρας -ατος τό wonder omen Noun 16τεσσαράκοντα forty Adj 22τέσσαρες -α four Adj 41τέταρτος -η -ον fourth (part) Adj 10τηρέω I keep guard Verb 70

PP τηρήσω ἐτήρησα τετεήρηκα τετήρημαι ἐτηρήθηντίθημι I put place set Verb 100

PP θήσω ἔθηκα τέθεικα τέθειμαι ἐτέθηντίκτω I give birth to bear Verb 18

PP τέξομαι ἔτεκον ___ ___ ἐτέχθηντιμάω I honor Verb 21

PP τιμήσω ἐτίμησα ___ τετίμημαι ___τιμή -ῆς ἡ honor price Noun 41τίμιος -α -ον precious costly respected Adj 13Τιμόθεος -ου ὁ Timothy Noun 24τίς τί who which what why Pron 554τὶς τὶ someone something anyone Pron 532Τίτος -ου ὁ Titus Noun 13τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον such such as this like Adj 57τολμάω I dare Verb 16

PP τολμήσω ἐτόλμησα ___ ___ ___τόπος -ου ὁ place Noun 94τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον so great so much Adj 20τότε then at that time Adv 160τράπεζα -ης ἡ table Noun 15τρεῖς τρία three Adj 69τρέφω I feed nourish train Verb 9

PP ___ ἔθρεψα ___ τέθραμμαι ___τρέχω I run Verb 20

PP ___ ἔδραμον ___ ___ ___τριάκοντα thirty Adj 11τρίς three times Adv 12τρίτος -η -ον third (part) Adj 56τρόπος -ου ὁ manner way (of life) Noun 13τροφή -ῆς ἡ food Noun 16τυγχάνω I obtain happen Verb 12

PP τεύξομαι ἔτυχον τέτευχα ___ ___τύπος -ου ὁ mark image example (arche)type Noun 15

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τύπτω I smite hit Verb 13Τύρος -ου ἡ Tyre Noun 11τυφλός -ή -όν blind (person) Adj 50ὑγιαίνω I am healthy Verb 12ὑγιής -ές healthy whole Adj 11ὕδωρ -ατος τό water Noun 76υἱὸς -οῦ ὁ son descendant offspring Noun 377ὑμεῖς (see σύ) you you-all (pl) Pron 1840ὑμέτερος -α -ον your Adj 11ὑπάγω I go away go depart Verb 79ὑπακοή -ῆς ἡ obedience Noun 15ὑπακούω I obey follow Verb 21

PP ___ ὑπήκουσα ___ ___ ___ὑπαντάω I meet go to meet Verb 10

PP ___ ὑπήντησα ___ ___ ___ὑπάρχω I am exist Verb 60ὑπέρ (+ gen) in behalf of for (the sake of) Prep 150ὑπέρ (+ acc) above more than beyond Prep 150ὑπηρέτης -ου ὁ servant assistant Noun 20ὑπό (+ gen) by Prep 220ὑπό (+ acc) under (the authority of) Prep 220ὑπόδημα -ατος τό sandal Noun 10ὑποκάτω under below Adv 11ὑποκριτής -οῦ ὁ hypocrite Noun 17ὑπομένω I remain endure Verb 17

PP ὑπομενῶ ὑπέμεινα ὑπομεμένηκα ___ ___ὑπομονή -ῆς ἡ patience endurance Noun 32ὑποστρέφω I return turn back Verb 35

PP ὑποστρέψω ὑπέστρεψα ___ ___ ___ὑποτάσσω I subject subordinate Verb 38

PP ___ ὑπέταξα ___ ὑποτέταγμαι ὑπετάγηνὑστερέω I lack miss Verb 16

PP ___ ὑστέρησα ὑστέρηκα ___ ὑστερήθηνὑστέρημα -ατος τό need Noun 9ὕστερος -α -ον later afterward at last AdjAdv 12ὑψηλός -ή -όν high exalted proud Adj 11ὕψιστος -η -ον highest Adj 13ὑψόω I lift up exalt Verb 20

PP ὑψώσω ὕψωσα ___ ___ ὑψώθηνφαίνω I shine appear Verb 31

PP φανήσομαι ἔφανα ___ ___ ἐφάνηνφανερός -ά -όν manifest visible Adj 18φανερόω I reveal make known Verb 49

PP φανερώσω ἐφανέρωσα ___ πεφανέρωμαι ἐφανερώθηνΦαρισαῖος -ου ὁ Pharisee Noun 98φείδομαι I spare refrain (from) Verb 10

PP φείσομαι ἐφεισάμην ___ ___ ___φέρω I bear carry endure Verb 66

PP οἴσω ἤνεγκα ___ ___ ἠνέχθηνφεύγω I flee escape Verb 29

PP φεύξομαι ἔφυγον ___ ___ ___

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Φῆλιξ -ικος ὁ Felix Noun 9φημί I say Verb 66

PP ___ ἔφη ___ ___ ___Φῆστος -ου ὁ Festus Noun 13φθείρω I ruin corrupt destroy Verb 9

PP ___ ἔφθειρα ___ ___ ἐφθάρηνφθόνος -ου ὁ envy jealousy Noun 9φιάλη -ης ἡ cup bowl Noun 12φιλέω I love like Verb 25

PP ___ ἐφίλησα πεφίληκα ___ ___Φίλιππος -ου ὁ Philip Noun 36φίλος -η -ον beloved friend Noun 29φοβέομαι I fear Verb 95

PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐφοβήθηνφόβος -ου ὁ fear terror Noun 47φονεύω I kill murder Verb 12

PP φονεύσω ἐφόνευσα ___ ___ ___φόνος -ου ὁ murder Noun 9φρονέω I think Verb 26

PP φρονήσω ___ ___ ___ ___φρόνιμος -ον prudent wise Adj 14φυλακή -ῆς ἡ guard prison watch (of the night) Noun 47φυλάσσω I guard protect Verb 31

PP φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα ___ ___ ___φυλή -ῆς ἡ tribe nation people Noun 31φύσις -εως ἡ nature Noun 14φυτεύω I plant Verb 11

PP ___ ἐφύτευσα ___ πεφύτευμαι ἐφυτεύθηνφωνέω I call Verb 43

PP φωνήσω ἐφώνησα ___ ___ ἐφωνήθηνφωνή -ῆς ἡ sound tone voice noise Noun 139φῶς φωτός τό light Noun 73φωτίζω I give light enlighten Verb 11

PP φωτίσω ἐφώτισα ___ πεφώτισμαι ἐφωτίσθηνχαίρω I rejoice Verb 74

PP χαρήσομαι ___ ___ ___ ἐχάρηνχαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy delight Noun 59χαρίζομαι I forgive give freely Verb 23

PP χαρίσομαι ἐχαρισάμην ___ κεχάρισμαι ἐχαρίσθηνχάριν (+ gen) for the sake of because of Prep 9χάρις -ιτος ἡ (divine) grace favor thanks Noun 155χάρισμα -ατος τό gift favor Noun 17χείρ χειρός ἡ hand arm power Noun 177χείρων -ον worse more severe Adj 11χήρα -ας ἡ widow Noun 26χιλίαρχος -ου ὁ military tribune commanding 1000 Noun 21χιλιάς -άδος ἡ a thousand Adj 23χίλιοι -αι -α thousand Adj 11χιτών -ῶνος ὁ tunic shirt Noun 11χοῖρος -ου ὁ pig swine Noun 12χορτάζω I eat to the full am satisfied Verb 16

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PP ___ ἐχόρτασα ___ ___ ἐχορτάσθηνχόρτος -ου ὁ grass hay Noun 15χράομαι I use employ Verb 11

PP ___ ἐχρησάμην ___ κέχρημαι ___χρεία -ας ἡ a need Noun 49χρηματίζω I warn Verb 9

PP χρηματίσω ἐχρημάτισα ___ κεχρημάτισμαι ἐχρηματίσθηνχρηστότης -ητος ἡ goodness kindness what is right Noun 10Χριστός -οῦ ὁ Christ Messiah Anointed One Noun 637χρόνος -ου ὁ time Noun 54χρυσίον -ου τό gold Noun 12χρυσός -οῦ ὁ gold Noun 10χρυσοῦς -ῆ -οῦν golden Adj 18χωλός -ή -όν lame crippled Adj 14χώρα -ας ἡ (open) country region land field Noun 28χωρέω I make room give way Verb 10

PP χωρήσω ἐχώρησα ___ ___ ___χωρίζω I separate depart Verb 13

PP χωρίσω ἐχωρισα ___ κεχώρισμαι ἐχωρίσθηνχωρίον -ου τό place field Noun 10χωρίς (+ gen) without apart from Prep 41ψεύδομαι I lie Verb 12

PP ψεύσομαι ἐψευσάμην ___ ___ ___ψευδοπροφήτης -ου ὁ false prophet Noun 11ψεύδος -ους τό lie falsehood Noun 10ψεύστης -ου ὁ liar Noun 10ψυχή -ῆς ἡ soul person self Noun 109ὦ O Interj 17ὧδε here hither Adv 61ὥρα -ας ἡ hour occasion Noun 106ὡς as that about Adv 504ὡσαύτως likewise similarly Adv 17ὡσεί as like about Particle 21ὥσπερ just as even as Particle 36ὥστε (ὡς + τε) therefore so that in order that Particle

Conj 83ὠφελέω I profit benefit Verb 15

PP ὠφελήσω ὠφέλησα ___ ___ ὠφελήθην

383

383

Greek Vocabulary Builder

down to 9 times

Ted Hildebrandt

Word Meaning Frequency

Set 1

ὁ ἡ τό the 19863καί and even also 9018αὐτός -ή -ό he she it (pron)

self same (adj) 5596 auto-matic

σύ σού ὑμείς ὑμῶν you (sg) you (pl) 2905δέ but and then 2792ἐν in by among (Dat) 2752

en-codeἐγώ ἐμοῦ ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν I (sg) we (pl) 2582

ego εἰμί I am occur live 2462 εἰς into toward to (Acc) 1767

eis-egesis (read into a text)οὐ no (question implies yes) 1623

Set 2

ὅς ἥ ὅ who which what 1418οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this he she it (subst) 1387λέγω I say tell declare 1329

eu-logy (speak well)θεός -οῦ ὁ ἡ God god goddess 1317

theo-logyὅτι that because for 1293πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν all every any 1243

Pan-Americanμή not (question implies no) 1042γάρ for so then 1041

384

εἰπόν I said 1024Ἰησοῦς -οῦ ὁ Jesus Joshua 917

Set 3

ἐκ from out of 914ex-pire (breath out)

ἐπί on over when (Gen) 890epi-demic (on the people)

ἐπί on in above (Dat) 890ἐπί across over to against (Acc) 890ἵνα in order that that 779κύριος -ου ὁ Lord master sir 717ἐχώ I have wear keep 708πρός for (Gen) 700πρός at by (Dat) 700πρός toward to against (Acc) 700

Set 4

γίνομαι I become am happen 669διά through during by (Gen) 667

dia-meterδιά on account of because (Acc) 667ἀπό from of by (Gen) 646

apo-calypse (from the hidden)ἀλλά but except rather 637 ἔρχομαι I come go 632ποιέω I do make 568

poem (making or creation)τίς τί who which what why 554ἄνθρωπος man human husband 550

anthrop-ology (study of humankind)

τὶς τὶ someone something anyone 532

Set 5

Χριστός -οῦ ὁ Christ Messiah Anointed one 529 ὡς as that about 504 εἰ if whether 502 οὖν then so therefore 498 κατά down from against (Gen) 473

cata-pult κατά according to during (Acc) 473 μετά with against (Gen) 469 μετά after behind (Acc) 469

meta-phor (to carry beyond)

385

ἀκούω I hear understand learn 428 acoustics

πολύς πολλή πολύ many much great 416

Set 6

δίδωμι I give entrust yield 415 anti-dote

πατήρ πατρός ὁ father ancestor 413 patristic (church fathers)

ἡμέρα -ας ἡ day daylight time 389 πνεῦμα -ατος τό spirit Spirit wind breath 379

pneumonia (problem breathing)υἱός -οῦ ὁ son descendant 377 εἷς μία ἕν one single someone 345 ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother member 343ἤ or than 343 εἶδον (ὁράω) I saw perceived 341ἐάν if 333

Set 7

περί concerning about (Gen) 333περί around (Acc) 333

peri-meterλόγος -ου ὁ word Word statement 330

logo logicἑαυτοῦ -ῆς -οῦ of himself of herself of itself 319 οἴδα I know understand 318λαλέω I speak say 296

glosso-lalia (speak in tongues)οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ heaven sky God 273

Uranium μαθητής -οῦ ὁ disciple apprentice 261λαμβάνω I take receive seize 258γῆ γῆς ἡ earth land region 250

geo-graphy

Set 8

ἐκείνος -η -ο that (one) 243μέγας μεγάλη μέγα large great 243

mega-byteπίστις -εως ἡ faith belief trust 243πιστεύω I believe (in) have faith (in) 241οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no one none nothing 234ἅγιος -α -ον holy consecrated saints (pl) 233ἀποκρίνομαι I answer reply 231

386

ὄνομα -ατος τό name title reputation 230γινώσκω I know learn realize 222ὑπό by (Gen) 220

Set 9

ὑπό under (Acc) 220hypo-dermic (under the skin)

ἐξέρχομα I go out 218ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁ man husband someone 216

poly-andry (many husbands)γυνή -αικός ἡ woman wife 215

gyne-cologyτέ and so 215δύναμαι I am powerful am able 210

dyna-mic θέλω I will wish desire 208 οὕτως thus so in this manner 208 ἰδού Behold See Consider 200Ἰουδαῖος Jewish (Adj) Jew (Noun) 195

Set 10

εἰσέρχομαι I come in go in enter 194νόμος -ου ὁ law Law principle 194παρά Gen from 194παρά Dat beside with 194παρά Acc alongside of 194γράφω I write 191κόσμος -ου ὁ world universe humankind 186

cosmo-logy cosmicκαθώς as even as 182μέν indeed on the one hand 178χείρ χειρός ἡ hand arm power 177

Set 11

εὑρίσκω I find 176heuristic

ἄγγελος -ου ὁ angel messenger 175angel

ὄχλος -ου ὁ crowd multitude 175ἁμαρτία -ας ἡ sin 173

harmarti-ology (study of sin)ἔργον -ου τό work deed 169

ergo-nomics (study of work equipment design)ἄν untranslated contingency particle 166δόξα -ης ἡ glory 166

387

dox-ologyπόλις -εως ἡ city 163

Indiana-polis βασιλεία -ας ἡ kingdom 162

basilica ἔθνος -ου τό nation heathenGentiles (pl) 162

Set 12

τότε then at that time 160ἐσθίω I eat 158Παῦλος -ου ὁ Paul 158καρδία -ας ἡ heart mind 156Πέτρος -ου ὁ Peter 156πρώτος -η -ον first earlier 155

proto-typeχάρις -ιτος ἡ grace favor 155ἄλλος -η -ον other another 154

alle-goryπορεύομαι I go live 153ἵστημι I stand set 153

Set 13

ὑπέρ in behalf of for (Gen) 150ὑπέρ above (Acc) 150

hyper-activeκαλέω I call invite 148νῦν now 147σάρξ σαρκός ἡ flesh 147

sarco-phagusἕως until (Conj) 146ἕως until as far as (Impr Prep) 146ἐγείρω I raise up restore wake 144προφήτης -ου ὁ prophet 144ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι whoever whatever whichever 144

Set 14

ἀγαπάω I love 143ἀφίημι I permit let go forgive 143 οὐδέ and not not even neither nor 143λαός -οῦ ὁ people crowd 142

laity σῶμα -ατος τό body 142

somatic πάλιν again 141

palimpsest (written again manuscript)

388

ζάω I live 140Ἰεροσόλυμα τά ἡ Jerusalem 139φωνή -ῆς ἡ sound voice noise 139

phono-graph phon-eticsδύο two 135

dual dualism

Set 15

ζωή -ῆς ἡ life 135zoology

Ἰωάννης -ου ὁ John 135ἀποστέλλω I send send out 132βλέπω I see look at 132 ἀμήν truly amen let it be so 129νεκρός -ά -όν dead dead person (subst) 128

necro-polis (city of the dead) σύν with (Dat) 128

syn-chronizeδοῦλος -ου ὁ servant slave 124 ὅταν whenever 123αἰών -ῶνος ὁ age eternity 122

aeon

Set 16

ἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁ high priest chief priest 122 βάλλω I throw put 122

ballistics θάνατος -ου ὁ death 120

thanato-logy (study of death)δύναμις -εως ὁ power miracle 119

dynamite παραδίδωμι I hand over betray entrust 119μένω I remain stay live 118ἀπέρχομαι I depart 117 ζητέω I seek desire request 117 ἀγάπη -ης ἡ love 116βασιλεύς -έως ὁ king 115

Set 17

ἐκκλησία -ας ἡ church congregation assembly 114ecclesi-ology (study of the church)

ἴδιος -α -ον ones own belonging to one 114 idio-syncrasy idiomatic

κρίνω I judge decide 114 critic

389

μόνος -η -ον only alone 114monologue monopoly

οἶκος -ου ὁ house 114 ὁράω I see 113

pan-orama (see all)ἀποθνῄσκω I die 111ὅσος -η -ον as great as as many as 110ἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truth 109 μέλλω I am about to 109

Set 18

ὅλος -η -ον Adj whole Adv entirely 109holo-caust

παρακαλέω I call urge exhort console 109ἀνίστημι I raise cause to rise 108 σῴζω I save rescue 106ὥρα -ας ἡ hour time 106ψυχή -ῆς ἡ soul person self 109

psych-ologyὅτε when while 103ἀγαθός -ή -όν good 102ἐξουσία -ας ἡ authority power jurisdiction 102καλός -ή -όν good 102

kaleidoscope (see beautiful)

Set 19

πῶς how 102αἴρω I take up take away raise 101δεῖ it is necessary 101ὁδός -οῦ ἡ way road journey 101ἀλλήλων one another 100ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁ eye sight 100

ophthalmo-logyτίθημι I put place set 100

antithesis (set against)τέκνον -ου τό child descendant 99 ἕτερος -α -ον other another 98

heterosexual φαρισαῖος -ου ὁ Pharisee 98

Set 20

αἷμα -ατος τό blood 97 anaemia

ἄρτος -ου ὁ bread food 97γεννάω I give birth to produce 97

390

generationδιδάσκω I teach 97

didacticἐκεῖ there 95 περιπατέω I walk live 95

peripatetics φοβέομαι I fear 95

phobia ἐνώπιον Gen before 94τόπος -ου ὁ place 94

topography ἔτι still yet even 93

Set 21

οἰκία -ας ἡ house 93 πούς ποδός ὁ foot 93

podium monopodδικαιοσύνη -ης ἡ righteousness justice 92εἰρήνη -ης ἡ peace 92θάλασσα -ης ἡ sea 91κάθημαι I sit live 91ἀκολουθέω I follow accompany 90ἀπόλλυμι I destroy ruin I die (Mid) 90μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no one nobody nothing 90πίπτω I fall 90

Set 22

ἑπτά seven 88heptagon (seven sided figure)

οὔτε and not neither nor 87ἄρχω I rule begin (usually Mid) 86

archbishopπληρόω I fill finish fulfill 86προσέρχομαι I come to I go to 86καιρός -οῦ ὁ time (appointed) season 85 προσεύχομαι I pray 85 κἀγώ and I I also 84 μήτηρ μητρός ἡ mother 83 ὥστε therefore so that in order that 83

Set 23

ἀναβαίνω I go up ascend 82ἕκαστος -η -ον each every 82 ὅπου where since 82 ἐκβάλλω I cast out 81

391

καταβαίνω I go down descend 81μᾶλλον more rather 81ἀπόστολος -ου ὁ apostle messenger 80 Μωϋσῆς -εως ὁ Moses 80 δίκαιος -α -ον righteous just upright 79 πέμπω I send 79

Set 24

ὑπάγω I go away go depart 79πονηρός -ά -όν evil bad sick 78στόμα -ατος τό mouth 78

stomachἀνοίγω I open 77βαπτίζω I baptize 77

baptizeσημεῖον -ου τό sign miracle 77ἐμός -ή -όν my mine 76εὐαγγέλιον -ου τό good news gospel 76

Evangelicalμαρτυρέω I testify bear witness 76

martyr πρόσωπον -ου τό face appearance person 76

Set 25

ὕδωρ -ατος τό water 76 δώδεκα twelve 75κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ head 75Σίμων -ωνος ὁ Simon 75ἀποκτείνω I kill 74χαίρω I rejoice 74Ἀβραάμ ὁ Abraham 73πίνω I drink 73φῶς φωτός τό light 73

photo-graphyαἰώνιος -α -ον eternal 71

aeon

Set 26

ἱερόν -οῦ τό temple 71 hierarchy

πῦρ -ός τό fire 71αἰτέω I ask 70τηρέω I keep guard 70ἄγω I lead bring arrest 69 τρεῖς τρία three 69

392

tri-angleἸσραήλ ὁ Israel 68 ῥῆμα -ατος τό word saying thing 68

rhetoric σάββατον -ου τό Sabbath 68 ἐντολή -ῆς ἡ commandment order 67

Set 27

πιστός -ή -όν faithful trusting 67πλοῖον -ου τό boat 67ἀπολύω I release divorce 66καρπός -οῦ ὁ fruit crop 66πρεσβύτερος -α -ον elder 66

presbyterianφέρω I bear carry endure 66

Christo-pher (bearing Christ)φημί I say 66εἴτε if whether 65γραμματεύς -έως ὁ scribe 63

grammarδαιμόνιον -ου τό demon evil spirit 63

Set 28

ἔξω Adv without 63 Prep outside

ἐρωτάω I ask request 63 ὄρος -ους τό mountain hill 63 δοκέω I think suppose seem 62

Docetism (Christ merely seemed human)θέλημα -ατος τό will wish desire 62 θρόνος -ου ὁ throne 62

throneἀγαπητός -ή -όν beloved 61 Γαλιλαία -ας ἡ Galilee 61δοξάζω I praise glorify 61

doxo-logyἤδη now already 61

Set 29

κηρύσσω I proclaim preach 61νυξ νυκτός ἡ night 61 ὧδε here hither 61ἱμάτιον -ου τό garment 60προσκυνέω I worship 60ὑπάρχω I am exist 60

393

ἀσπάζομαι I greet salute 59Δαυίδ ὁ David 59διδάσκαλος -ου ὁ teacher 59 εὐθύς immediately 59

Set 30

λίθος -ου ὁ stone 59 συνάγω I gather together invite 59

synagogueχαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy delight 59θεωρέω I look at see 58

theory μέσος -η -ον middle 58

Meso-potamia (middle of the rivers)τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον such such as this 57δέχομαι I take receive 56 ἐπερωτάω I ask question 56μηδέ but not nor not even 56συναγωγή -ῆς ἡ synagogue 56

Set 31

τρίτος -η -ον third 56ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning ruler 55

archaicκράζω I cry out 55λοιπός -ή -όν remaining (Adj) the rest (Noun) 55Πιλᾶτος -ου ὁ Pilate 55δεξιός -ά -όν right (hand) 54εὐαγγελίζω I proclaim preach good news 54

evangelizeοὐχί not no (question implies yes) 54χρόνος -ου ὁ time 54

chrono-logyδιό therefore for this reason 53

Set 32

ἐλπίς -ίδος ἡ hope 53ὅπως how that in order that 53ἐπαγγελία -ας ἡ promise 52ἔσχατος -η -ον last end 52

eschato-logy (study of the end times)παδίον -ου τό child infant 52πείθω I persuade convince 52σπείρω I sow (seed) 52σοφία -ας ἡ wisdom 51

394

philo-sophy (love of wisdom)γλῶσσα -ης ἡ language tongue 50

glosso-lalia (speaking in tongues)γραφή -ῆς ἡ writing Scripture 50

graphics

Set 33

κακός -ή -όν bad evil 50caco-phany

μακάριος -α -ον blessed happy fortunate 50(macarism is a beatitude or blessing)

παραβολή -ῆς ἡ parable 50τυφλός -ή -όν blind person 50ἄρα so then therefore 49ἄχρι ἄχρις Gen as far as 49ἄχρι ἄχρις Conj until 49ἔτος -ους τό year 49παραλαμβάνω I take receive accept 49φανερόω I reveal make known 49

Set 34

χρεία -ας ἡ a need 49ἀποδίδωμι I give back pay 48 ἔμπροσθεν Gen in front of before 48ἔρημος -ον Adj deserted Noun desert 48

hermitποῦ where whither 48ἁμαρτωλός -ον Adj sinful Noun sinner 47κρατέω I grasp attain 47 κρίσις -εως ἡ judgment condemnation 47

crisisοὐκέτι no longer 47πρό Gen before 47

pro-gress

Set 35

προσφέρω I bring to offer 47φόβος -ου ὁ fear terror 47

phobiaφυλακή -ῆς ἡ a guard prison 47θηρίον -ου τό wild beast 46

395

καθίζω I seat sit 46cathedral

μικρός -ά -όν small little 46micro-biology

οὐαί woe alas 46σταυρόω I crucify 46σωτηρία -ας ἡ salvation 46

soteriology (study of salvation)ἀπαγγέλλω I announce report 45

Set 36

διώκω I pursue persecute 45θλῖψις -εως ἡ trouble oppression 45ναός -οῦ ὁ temple 45ὅμοιος -α -ον like similar 45

homonym (sounds the same theirthere)ἐπιγινώσκω I come to know recognize 44Ἰούδας -α ὁ Judas Judah 44κατοικέω I live dwell inhabit 44 ἁμαρτάνω I sin 43γενεά -ᾶς ἡ generation family race 43

genea-logyδεύτερος -α -ον second 43

Deuteronomy (second law)

Set 37

δέω I tie bind 43dia-dem

διέρχομαι I pass through 43Ἡρῴδης -ου ὁ Herod 43θαυμάζω I wonder marvel 43θεραπεύω I heal 43

therapeuticἸουδαία -ας ἡ Judea 43σεαυτοῦ -ῆς of yourself 43σπέρμα -ατος τό seed 43

spermφωνέω I call 43

phono-graphἀνάστασις -εως ἡ resurrection 42

Set 38

ἐγγίζω I come near 42Ἰάκωβος -ου ὁ James 42καινός -ή -όν new 42

396

λύω I loose destroy 42μέρος -ους τό part 42πάσχω I suffer endure 42ἄξιος -α -ον worthy comparable 41

axiomἐργάζομαι I work 41

energyεὐλογέω I bless 41

eulogyπάντοτε always 41

Set 39

παρίστημι I am present approach stand by 41σήμερον today 41τέσσαρες -α four 41τιμή -ῆς ἡ honor price 41

Timothy (honoring God)χωρίς without apart from 41ἑτοιμάζω I prepare 40κλαίω I weep 40 λογίζομαι I calculate account reckon 40

logisticsμισέω I hate 40

misogamy (hatred of marriage)μνημεῖον -ου τό tomb monument 40

Set 40

οἰκοδομέω I build edify erect 40ὀλίγος -η -ον small few 40

oligarchy (rule by the few) τέλος -ους τό end goal 40

tele-scopeἅπτω I touch 39

hapticδικαιόω I justify pronounce righteous 39ἐπιτίθημι I lay upon inflict upon 39θύρα -ας ἡ door 39 ἱκανός -ή -όν sufficient able considerable 39περισσεύω I abound am rich 39πλανάω I lead astray misguide 39

planet (wandering heavenly body)

Set 41

πράσσω I do perform 39praxis

397

πρόβατον -ου τό sheep 39ἐπιθυμία -ας ἡ desire passion 38εὐχαριστέω I give thanks 38

Eucharistπειράζω I test tempt 38πέντε five 38

penta-gonὑποτάσσω I subject subordinate 38ἄρχων -οντος ὁ ruler 37

mon-archβούλομαι I wish want determine 37διάβολος -ον Adj slanderous Noun Devil 37

Set 42

διακονέω I serve minister wait upon 37deacon

ἐμαυτοῦ -ῆς of myself 37 καυχάομαι I boast 37μαρτυρία -ας ἡ witness testimony 37παραγίνομαι I come arrive 37 ἀγρός -οῦ ὁ field country 36ἄρτι now just now immediately 36ἐπιστρέφω I turn to return 36εὐθέως immediately 36καλῶς well beautifully 36

Set 43

ὀργή -ῆς ἡ anger 36οὖς ὠτός τό ear 36περιτομή -ῆς ἡ circumcision 36προσευχή -ῆς ἡ prayer 36σατανᾶς -ᾶ ὁ satan 36Φίλιππος -ου ὁ Philip 36ὥσπερ just as even as 36Ἰωσήφ ὁ Joseph 35μάρτυς -υρος ὁ witness martyr 35ὀπίσω behind after 35

Set 44

ὀφείλω I owe ought 35ὑποστρέφω I return turn back 35ἅπας -ασα -αν all 34βιβλίον -ου τό book scroll 34

Bibleβλασφημέω I blaspheme revile 34

398

διακονία -ας ἡ service ministry 34deacon

μέλος -ους τό member part 34μετανοέω I repent change my mind 34μήτε neither and not nor 34οἶνος -ου ὁ wine 34

Set 45

πτωχός -ή -όν poor 34ἀρνέομαι I deny refuse 33ἀσθενέω I am weak sick powerless 33δείκνυμι I show explain 33 διαθήκη -ης ἡ covenant decree 33ἐκπορεύομαι I go out 33ναί yes truly 33ποῖος -α -ον of what sort what which 33ἀκάθαρτος -ον unclean impure 32ἀναγινώσκω I read read aloud 32

Set 46

δυνατός -ή -όν powerful strong 32dynamite

ἐχθρός -ά -όν Adj hostile Noun enemy 32παραγγέλλω command order charge 32ὑπομονή -ῆς ἡ patience endurance 32ἥλιος -ου ὁ sun 32ἄνεμος -ου ὁ wind 31ἐγγύς near 31ἐλπίζω I hope 31ἔξεστι it is lawful 31ἱερεύς -έως ὁ priest 31

Set 47

καθαρίζω I cleanse purify 31 catharize

παρρησία -ας ἡ boldness confidence 31πλῆθος -ους τό multitude 31πλήν Adv but however Prep except 31ποτήριον -ου τό cup 31σκότος -ους τό darkness 31φαίνω I shine appear 31φυλάσσω I guard protect 31φυλή -ῆς ἡ tribe nation 31

phylum (large class of animals)ἀγοράζω I buy 30

399

agora (market)

Set 48

ἀρνίον -ου τό lamb 30διδαχή -ῆς ἡ teaching 30

didactic ἐπικαλέω I call name Mid invoke 30ὁμοίως likewise so 30συνείδησις -εως ἡ conscience 30συνέρχομαι I come together 30 γνῶσις -εως ἡ knowledge wisdom 29

gnosticsδιάκονος -ου ὁ ἡ servant deacon 29ἐλεέω I have mercy 29ἐπιτιμάω I rebuke warn 29

Set 49

Ἠλίας -ου ὁ Elijah 29ἴδε look behold 29ἰσχυρός -ά -όν strong mighty 29Καῖσαρ -αρος ὁ Caesar 29μάχαιρα -ης ἡ sword 29 μισθός -οῦ ὁ wages reward 29παράκλησις -εως ἡ exhortation consolation 29παρέρχομαι I pass by pass away arrive 29πάσχα τό Passover 29πόθεν from where 29

Set 50

ποτέ at some time once ever 29 προσκαλέομαι I summon invite call 29 σκανδαλίζω I cause to stumble cause to sin 29

scandalizeφεύγω I flee escape 29

fugitiveφίλος -η -ον beloved friend 29

biblio-phile (loves books)ἁγιάζω I consecrate make holy sanctify 28ἀδικέω I wrong do wrong 28 ἀληθινός -ή -όν true 28Βαρναβᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Barnabas 28γαμέω I marry 28

mono-gamy

Set 51

400

ἡγέομαι I lead guide think regard 28 θυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ daughter girl 28 θυσία -ας ἡ sacrifice offering 28 ἰσχύω I am strong able healthy 28 μυστήριον -ου τό mystery secret 28

mysteryνικάω I conquer win 28

Nicho-las (conquer people)πλούσιος -α -ον rich 28 προφητεύω I prophesy preach 28τελέω I finish complete fulfill 28χώρα -ας ἡ country region 28

Set 52

βαστάζω I bear carry 27ἐκεῖθεν from that place 27ἐκχέω I pour out shed 27ἔλεος -ους τό mercy 27ἐνδύω I put on clothe dress 27Ἰακώβ ὁ Jacob 27καθαρός -ά -όν clean pure 27

catharsisκαταργέω I abolish bring to naught 27κρίμα -ατος τό judgment decision 27κώμη -ης ἡ village 27

Set 53

Μαρία -ας ἡ `Mary 27Μαριάμ ἡ Mariam 27πόσος -η -ον how great how much 27σός σή σόν your yours (singular) 27σταυρός -οῦ ὁ cross 27ἀδελφή -ῆς ἡ sister 26ἀληθής -ές true honest 26ἀποκαλύπτω I reveal uncover 26

apocalypseἀσθενής -ές weak sick powerless 26ἕνεκα on account of 26

Set 54

ἐπεί because since for 26ἥκω I have come 26ἰάομαι I heal 26λυπέω I grieve 26ὀμνύω I swear 26

401

ὁμολογέω I confess promise 26οὔπω not yet 26πνευματικός -ή όν spiritual 26στρατιώτης -ου ὁ soldier 26συνίημι I understand 26

Set 55

φρονέω I think 26χήρα -ας ἡ widow 26ἀδικία -ας ἡ unrighteousness injustice 25Αἴγυπτος -ου ἡ Egypt 25ἀναβλέπω I look up receive sight 25γέ indeed really even 25γνωρίζω I make known reveal 25δέκα ten 25

deca-polis (ten city region)δένδρον -ου τό tree 25

rhodo-dendron (rose tree)δουλεύω I serve obey 25

Set 56

Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁ Greek Gentile heathen 25ἑορτή -ῆς ἡ feast 25κελεύω I order command 25λευκός -ή -όν white 25μανθάνω I learn 25

mathematicsμήποτε lest that not perhaps 25νεφέλη -ης ἡ cloud 25πορνεία -ας ἡ immorality fornication 25

pronographyφιλέω I love like 25ἀκοή -ῆς ἡ report hearing 24

Set 57

ἀναιρέω I take away kill 24ἀσθένεια -ας ἡ weakness sickness 24ἀστήρ -έρος ὁ star 24

asteroidἐπιστολή -ῆς ἡ letter epistle 24καταλείπω I leave abandon 24κεῖμαι I lie recline am laid 24νοῦς νοός ὁ mind intellect 24

noeticοὗ where 24

402

παῖς παιδός ὁ ἡ child boy girl 24πάρειμι I have arrived am present 24

Set 58

παρουσία -ας ἡ presence arrival coming 24πίμπλημι I fill 24προσέχω I attend to pay attention to 24σωτήρ -ῆρος ὁ Savior 24

soteriology (study of salvation)Τιμόθεος -ου ὁ Timothy 24ἀπελών -ῶνος ὁ vineyard 23ἀνάγω I lead up Mid set sail 23ἄπιστος -ον unbelieving faithless 23αὐξάνω I grow increase 23διότι because therefore 23

Set 59

εἰκών -όνος ἡ image likeness 23icon

ἐλεύθερος -α -ον free 23ζῷον -ου τό animal living thing 23

zoologyθυσιαστήριον -ου τό altar 23κατηγορέω I accuse 23

categorizeκοπιάω I labor work hard 23κωλύω I forbid hinder 23μιμνῄσκω I remember 23

mnemonics νέος -α -ον new young 23πεινάω I hunger 23

Set 60

πέραν Gen beyond 23περιβάλλω I clothe put around 23σκεῦος -ους τό vessel object goods (pl) 23τελειόω I fulfill make perfect 23χαρίζομαι I forgive give freely 23χιλιάς -άδος ἡ a thousand 23ἀγνοέω I do not know 22

agnosticἀντί Gen instead of for 22

anti-thesisγρηγορέω I watch keep awake 22δέομαι I ask beg pray 22

403

Set 61

δοκιμάζω I prove by testing approve 22ἐκλέγομαι I pick out choose 22

eclecticἐκλεκτός -ή -όν chosen elect select 22Ἠσαΐας -ου ὁ Isaiah 22θεάομαι I see look at 22

theatreκαθεύδω I sleep 22κἀκεῖνος -η -ο and that one 22κατεργάζομαι I work out achieve 22κοιλία -ας ἡ belly womb 22Μακεδονία -ας ἡ Macedonia 22

Set 62

μετάνοια -ας ἡ repentance 22μηκέτι no longer 22πληγή -ῆς ἡ plague blow wound 22πλοῦτος -ου ὁ wealth 22

Plutoπωλέω I sell 22συνέδριον -ου τό Sanhedrin council 22τεσσεράκοντα forty 22βασιλεύω I rule reign 21διδασκαλία -ας ἡ teaching instruction 21ἐνεργέω I work produce 21

energy

Set 63

εὐδοκέω I am pleased with 21ἐφίστημι I stand over come upon attack 21θερίζω I reap harvest 21καθίστημι I set appoint 21λατρεύω I serve worship 21

ido-latryμνημονεύω I remember 21

mnemonicsπειρασμός -οῦ ὁ temptation test 21στρέφω I turn change 21τελώνης -ου ὁ tax collector 21τιμάω I honor 21

Timothy (honoring God)

Set 64

404

ὑπακούω I obey follow 21χιλίαρχος -ου ὁ military tribune over 1000 21ὡσεί as like about 21αἰτία -ας ἡ cause accusation 20ἀκροβυστία -ας ἡ uncircumcision Gentiles 20ἀργύριον -ου τό silver money 20γένος -ους τό race family 20

genusγονεύς -έως ὁ parent 20ἑκατοντάρχης -ου ὁ centurion captain 20ἐπίγνωσις -εως ἡ knowledge 20

Set 65

ἡγεμών -όνος ὁ governor leader 20hegemony

Ἰσαάκ ὁ Isaac 20ἰχθύς -ύος ὁ fish 20νηστεύω I fast 20νυνί now 20ξύλον -ου τό wood tree 20προάγω I lead forth go before 20σκηνή -ῆς ἡ tent tabernacle 20σοφός -ή -όν wise 20

soph-more (wise fool)τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτον so great so much 20

Set 66

τρέχω I run 20ὑπηρέτης -ου ὁ servant assistant 20ὑψόω I lift up exalt 20ἀπέχω I have received am distant 19βάπτισμα -ατος τό baptism 19γεωργός -οῦ ὁ farmer 19διακρίνω I judge discriminate 19δῶρον -ου τό gift 19

Doro-thy (gift of God)ἐπαίρω I lift up 19ἐπάνω Adv above Prep over 19

Set 67

ἐπιλαμβάνομαι I take hold of catch arrest 19ἐπουράνιος -ιον heavenly 19κοινωνία -ας ἡ fellowship 19κρείσσων κρειττων -ον better 19κριτής -οῦ ὁ judge 19

405

criticκτίσις -εως ἡ creation creature 19μαρτύριον -ου τό testimony witness proof 19μεριμνάω I am anxious distracted 19παλαιός -ά -όν old 19

Paleo-lithic (old stone age)παράπτωμα -ατος τό trespass sin 19

Set 68

παρατίθημι I set before 19πότε when 19προφητεία -ας ἡ prophecy 19τέλειος -α -ον complete perfect 19ἀληθῶς truly 18Ἀντιόχεια -ας ἡ Antioch 18ἀποκάλυψις -εως ἡ revelation 18

apocalypseἀπώλεια -ας ἡ destruction 18ἀριθμός -οῦ ὁ number 18

arithmeticἈσία -ας ἡ Asia (province in west Turkey) 18

Set 69

βλασφημία -ας ἡ blasphemy slander 18δέησις -εως ἡ entreaty petition 18δεσμός -οῦ ὁ fetter bond 18εἰσπορεύομαι I enter go in 18ἐπιβάλλω I lay on put on 18ἐπιτρέπω I permit 18θυμός -οῦ ὁ wrath anger 18καταγγέλλω I proclaim 18κατακρίνω I condemn 18κενός -ή -όν empty vain 18

Set 70

κληρονομέω I inherit 18κοιμάομαι I sleep 18κόπος -ου ὁ labor trouble 18κρύπτω I conceal hide 18

crypticμήν μηνός ὁ Particle indeed Noun month 18οἰκοδομή -ῆς ἡ building edification 18παραχρῆμα immediately 18ποιμήν -ένος ὁ shepherd 18πόλεμος -ου ὁ war conflict 18

406

polemicsπολλάκις often frequently 18

Set 71

προστίθημι I add to increase 18πυλών -ῶνος ὁ gateway entrance vestibule 18στέφανος -ου ὁ crown wreath 18

Stephenταχύ quickly at once soon 18τίκτω I give birth to bear 18φανερός -ά -όν manifest visible 18χρυσοῦς -ῆ -οῦν golden 18ἀνάγκη -ης ἡ necessity 17ἀρέσκω I please 17ἄφεσις -εως ἡ pardon remission 17

Set 72

βρῶμα -ατος τό food 17ἑκατόν one hundred 17ἐλέγχω I convict reprove expose 17ἐξίστημι I amaze am amazed confuse 17ἐπαύριον tomorrow 17ἕτοιμος -η -ον ready prepared 17θησαυρός -οῦ ὁ treasure storehouse 17

thesaurusἵππος -ου ὁ horse 17

hippo-potamus (river horse)Καισάρεια -ας ἡ Caesarea 17κἄν and if 17

Set 73

καταλύω I destroy I lodge 17κατέχω I hold back suppress hold fast 17κερδαίνω I gain profit 17κρυπτός -ή -όν hidden 17

crypticμέχρι Conj until Prep as far as 17μήτι (used for questions

with negative answer) 17νίπτω I wash 17περιτέμνω I circumcize 17πλήρωμα -ατος τό fullness 17πλησίον Noun neighbor Prep near 17

Set 74

407

ποταμός -οῦ ὁ river 17hippo-potamus

ῥίζα -ης ἡ root source 17ῥύομαι I rescue deliver 17ταράσσω I trouble disturb 17ὑποκριτής -οῦ ὁ hypocrite 17ὑπομένω I remain endure 17χάρισμα -ατος τό gift favor 17ὦ O 17ὡσαύτως likewise similarly 17ἀθετέω I reject nullify 16

Set 75

ἀνακρίνω I examine question judge 16γάμος -ου ὁ marriage wedding 16

mono-gamyδεῖπνον -ου τό supper 16δέσμιος -ου ὁ prisoner 16δηνάριον -ου τό denarius (silver coin) 16διαλογίζομαι I debate reason 16

dialogueδιατάσσω I command order 16διψάω I thirst 16ἐκτείνω I stretch out 16

extendἐμβαίνω I embark step in 16

Set 76

ἔπειτα then 16ἐπιθυμέω I desire 16ἐπιμένω I continue persist 16ἐργάτης -ου ὁ workman 16εὐλογία -ας ἡ blessing praise 16

eulogyἜφεσος -ου ἡ Ephesus 16ζῆλος -ου ὁ zeal jealousy 16κακῶς badly 16κατέρχομαι I come down go down 16Καφαρναούμ ἡ Capernaum 16

Set 77

κλείω I shut lock 16κλέπτης -ου ὁ thief 16λύπη -ης ἡ grief pain 16νυμφίος -ου ὁ bridegroom 16

408

οὐδέποτε never 16πάθημα -ατος τό suffering 16

pathological apathyπαρέχω I offer afford 16πλήρης -ες full 16προσδοκάω I wait for expect 16σκοτία -ας ἡ darkness 16

Set 78

συκῆ -ῆς ἡ fig tree 16συλλαμβάνω I seize conceive arrest 16συνίστημι Trans I commend

Intrans stand with 16σφραγίς -ῖδος ἡ seal 16τέρας -ατος τό wonder omen 16τολμάω I dare 16τροφή -ῆς ἡ food 16ὑστερέω I lack miss 16χορτάζω I eat to the full am satisfied 16ἀνέχω I endure 15

Set 79

ἀνομία -ας ἡ lawlessness 15ἀπάγω I lead away 15γεύομαι I taste eat 15γνωστός -ή -όν known 15γυμνός -ή -όν naked 15

gymnasiumΔαμασκός -οῦ ἡ Damascus 15δέρω I beat 15διαμαρτύρομαι I warn testify solemnly 15εἶτα then next 15ἐλαία -ας ἡ olive tree 15

Set 80

ἐντέλλομαι I command 15ἐπαγγέλλομαι I promise announce 15εὐσέβεια -ας ἡ piety godliness 15εὐχαριστίας -ας ἡ thanksgiving 15

Eucharistθρίξ τριχός ἡ hair 15Ἰορδάνης -ου ὁ Jordan 15καταλαμβάνω I overtake catch seize 15κληρονόμος -ου ὁ heir 15κτίζω I create make 15

409

Λάζαρος -ου ὁ Lazarus 15

Set 81

λῃστής -οῦ ὁ robber 15μοιχεύω I commit adultery 15νήπιος -α -ον infant child 15νομίζω I suppose think 15ξηραίνω I dry up wither 15ὅθεν whence from where 15οἰκουμένη -ης ἡ world 15

ecumenicalὁμοιόω I make like liken compare 15ὄψιος -α -ον late evening 15παρθένος -ου ὁ ἡ virgin 15

Set 82

παύω I cease stop 15πέτρα -ας ἡ rock 15ποτίζω I give to drink water 15πώς at all somehow 15ῥαββί ὁ master rabbi 15σαλεύω I shake 15Σαῦλος -ου ὁ Saul 15σκάνδαλον -ου τό cause of stumbling trap temptation 15συμφέρω I bring together 15σφραγίζω I seal mark 15

Set 83

ταχέως quickly 15τράπεζα -ης ἡ table 15τύπος -ου ὁ mark image example 15

typeὑπακοή -ῆς ἡ obedience 15χόρτος -ου ὁ grass hay 15ὠφελέω I profit benefit 15ἄκανθα -ης ἡ thorn 14ἀλλότριος -α -ον anothers strange 14ἀμφότεροι -αι -α both 14ἀναγγέλλω I announce report 14

Set 84

ἀνάκειμαι I recline (at table) 14ἀναχωρέω I depart 14

410

ἀνθίστημι I resist oppose 14ἅπαξ once once for all 14

hapax legomena (word used only once)ἀπειθέω I disbelieve disobey 14ἁρπάζω I seize 14

harpoonἀτενίζω I look intently gaze upon 14αὔριον tomorrow 14ἀφίστημι I withdraw depart 14γράμμα -ατος τό letter (of the alphabet) writings 14

Set 85

διαλογισμός -οῦ ὁ reasoning questioning 14dialogue

ἐλάχιστος -η -ον least smallest 14ἐνιαυτός -οῦ ὁ year 14ἐπίσταμαι I understand 14

epistemology εὐφραίνω I rejoice 14θύω I sacrifice kill 14κατανοέω I observe notice consider 14κατεσθίω I eat up devour 14κλάω I break 14

icono-clast (breaks icons)κληρονομία -ας ἡ inheritance 14

Set 86

κοινός -ή -όν common unclean 14κοινόω I make common defile 14κωφός -ή -όν deaf dumb 14λύχνος -ου ὁ lamp 14μακρόθεν from afar afar 14μακροθυμία -ας ἡ patience steadfastness 14μερίζω I divide separate 14μέτρον -ου τό measure quantity 14

meterμύρον -ου τό ointment perfume 14νοέω I understand 14

noetic

Set 87

ξένος -η -ον strange foreign alien 14xeno-phobia

οἷος -α -ον such as as 14ὄφις -εως ὁ snake 14

411

πετεινόν -οῦ τό bird 14προσδέχομαι I receive wait for 14Σαδδουκαῖος -ου ὁ Sadducee 14σεισμός -οῦ ὁ earthquake 14

seismographσῖτος -ου ὁ wheat grain 14τάλαντον -ου τό talent (Greek large unit of money) 14ταπεινόω I humble 14

Set 88

φρόνιμος -ον prudent wise 14φύσις -εως ἡ nature 14

physicsχωλός -ή -όν lame crippled 14ἀνά upwards up each (with numerals) 13ἀναλαμβάνω I take up 13ἀναστροφή -ῆς ἡ conduct behavior 13Ἀνδρέας -ου ὁ Andrew 13ἄνωθεν from above again 13δαιμονίζομαι I am possessed by a demon 13

demonizeδιαλέγομαι I dispute 13

dialectics

Set 89

διαφέρω I differ carry through 13δράκων -οντος ὁ dragon serpent 13ἐκπλήσσω I am astonished amazed 13ἐλεημοσύνη -ης ἡ alms kind deed 13ἐμπαίζω I mock 13ἕξ six 13

hexa-gonἐξαποστέλλω I send forth 13ἔξωθεν from without 13ἐπιζητέω I search for 13ζύμη -ης ἡ yeast leaven 13

Set 90

θερισμός -οῦ ὁ harvest 13καθάπερ even as as 13καπνός -οῦ ὁ smoke 13καταισχύνω I put to shame 13καταντάω I come to arrive 13καταρτίζω mend fit perfect 13κλέπτω I steal 13

412

clepto-maniaΜάρθα -ας ἡ Martha 13Ναζωραῖος -ου ὁ Nazarene from Nazareth 13παιδεύω I teach train educate 13

pedagogue

Set 91

παιδίσκη -ης ἡ maid servant 13παράδοσις -εως ἡ tradition 13πρίν before 13στηρίζω I establish support 13συνεργός -όν fellow worker helper 13τίμιος -α -ον precious costly 13Τίτος -ου ὁ Titus 13τρόπος -ου ὁ manner way 13

trope in rhetoricτύπτω I smite hit 13ὕψιστος -η -ον highest 13

Set 92

Φῆστος -ου ὁ Festus 13χωρίζω I separate depart 13ἄδικος -ον unjust dishonest 12ἀλέκτωρ -ορος ὁ rooster cock 12ἀναπαύω I refresh Mid take rest 12ἀναπίπτω I recline 12ἀσκός -οῦ ὁ wine-skin leather bottle 12αὐλή -ῆς ἡ courtyard palace 12Βαβυλών -ῶνος ἡ Babylon 12βαπτιστής -οῦ ὁ baptist 12

Set 93

βασανίζω I torment 12Βηθανία -ας ἡ Bethany 12βῆμα -ατος τό judgment seat 12βοάω I cry aloud 12βουλή -ῆς ἡ counsel purpose 12βροντή -ῆς ἡ thunder 12γέεννα -ης ἡ Gehenna hell Hinnom valley 12γόνυ -ατος τό knee 12δεῦτε come 12διάνοια -ας ἡ the mind understanding 12

Set 94

413

δίκτυον -ου τό fish net 12ἔθος -ους τό custom 12

ethos ἐμβλέπω I look at consider 12ἐξάγω I lead out bring out 12ἔσωθεν from within within 12Ζεβεδαῖος -ου ὁ Zebedee 12θεμέλιος -ου ὁ foundation 12καίω I burn 12

causticκάλαμος -ου ὁ reed measuring rod 12κατακαίω I burn down consume 12

Set 95

κατάκειμαι I lie down dine 12κολλάω I unite join 12κράτος -ους τό power might rule 12

demo-cracyλίαν greatly exceedingly very 12λιμός -οῦ ὁ ἡ hunger famine 12λυχνία -ας ἡ lampstand 12Μαγδαληνή -ῆς ἡ Magdalene 12μάλιστα especially above all 12μεταβαίνω I depart pass over 12μωρός -ά -όν foolish fool 12

moron

Set 96

Ναζαρέθ Ναζαρέτ Nazareth 12ὀδούς ὀδόντος ὁ tooth 12οἰκοδεσπότης -ου ὁ householder house master 12ὅραμα -ατος τό vision 12ὅριον -ου τό boundary region 12

horizonπερισσοτέρως more abundantly 12παραιτέομαι I make excuse refuse reject 12πιάζω I take seize 12πληθύνω I multiply increase 12πλουτέω I am rich generous 12

pluto-crat

Set 97

πόρνη -ης ἡ prostitute 12pornography

προεῖπον I foretell 12

414

πρόθεσις -εως ἡ setting forth plan purpose 12προσλαμβάνω I receive accept 12πρωΐ early in the morning 12πυνθάνομαι I inquire ask 12πῶλος -ου ὁ colt 12ῥάβδος -ου ἡ rod scepter 12Ῥωμαῖος -α -ον Roman 12σαλπίζω I sound the trumpet 12

Set 98

Σιλᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Silas 12Σολομών -ῶνος ὁ Solomon 12σπλαγχνίζομαι I have compassion pity 12σπουδή -ῆς ἡ haste diligence 12συνέχω I torment 12τρίς three times 12

thriceτυγχάνω I obtain happen 12ὑγιαίνω I am healthy 12

hygieneὕστερος -α -ον later afterwards 12φιάλη -ης ἡ cup bowl 12

Set 99

φονεύω I kill murder 12χοῖρος -ου ὁ pig 12χρυσίον -ου τό gold 12ψεύδομαι I lie 12ἀγαλλιάω I exult am glad 11ἀγορά -ᾶς ἡ market place 11Ἀγρίππας -α ὁ Agrippa 11ἅλυσις -εως ἡ chain 11Ἁνανίας -ου ὁ Ananias 11ἀνατολή -ῆς ἡ east dawn 11

Set 100

ἀντιλέγω I speak against oppose 11ἀπαρνέομαι I deny 11ἀπιστία -ας ἡ unbelief 11ἀρχαῖος -ας ἡ old ancient 11

archaicἄφρων -ον foolish ignorant 11Βαραββᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Barabbas 11βρῶσις -εως ἡ eating food rust 11Γαλιλαῖος -α -ον Galilean 11

415

γέμω I fill 11διαμερίζω I divide distribute 11

Set 101

δόλος -ου ὁ guile deceit 11δωρέα -ᾶς ἡ gift 11ἐάω I permit let go 11εἴδωλον -ου τό image idol 11εἴκοσι twenty 11εἰσάγω I lead in 11ἔλαιον -ου τό olive oil 11ἐλευθερία -ας ἡ liberty freedom 11ἐνδείκνυμι I show forth demonstrate 11ἐξουθενέω I despise 11

Set 102

ἔπαινος -ου ὁ praise 11ἐπαισχύνομαι I am ashamed 11ἐπιπίπτω I fall upon come upon 11ἐπισκέπτομαι I visit care for 11Ζαχαρίας -ου ὁ Zechariah 11ζηλόω I am zealous 11ζῳοποιέω I make alive 11θανατόω I put to death kill 11

thanatologyθάπτω I bury 11

epi-taphΘωμᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Thomas 11

Set 103

Ἰσκαριώθ Ἰσκαριώτης ὁ Iscariot 11κακία -ας ἡ malice evil 11καταβολή -ῆς ἡ foundation 11κατασκευάζω I prepare 11καύχημα -ατος τό boasting pride 11καύχησις -εως ἡ boasting pride 11κέρας -ατος τό horn 11κλάδος -ου ὁ branch 11κλῆρος -ου ὁ lot portion 11κλῆσις -εως ἡ call calling 11

Set 104

κράβαττος -ου ὁ mattress bed 11

416

λίμνη -ης ἡ lake 11μετρέω I measure apportion 11νεανίσκος -ου ὁ youth young person 11νόσος -ου ἡ disease 11ὁμοθυμαδόν with one mind together 11πηγή -ῆς ἡ spring fountain 11ποιμαίνω I shepherd protect rule 11πρᾶγμα -ατος τό deed matter 11

pragmaticπραΰτης -ητος ἡ gentleness humility 11

Set 105

πρότερος -α -ον former before 11σάλπιγξ -ιγγος ἡ trumpet 11Σαμάρεια -ας ἡ Samaria 11σπλάγνον -ου τό bowels heart compassion 11σπουδάζω I hasten am eager 11συγγενής -ές Adj kindred Noun a relative11σφόδρα exceedingly greatly 11σχίζω I split divide tear 11

schismτελευτάω I die 11τριάκοντα thirty 11

Set 106

Τύρος -ου ἡ Tyre 11ὑγιής -ές healthy whole 11ὑμέτερος -α -ον your 11ὑποκάτω under below 11ὑψηλός -ή -όν high exalted proud 11φυτεύω I plant 11φωτίζω I give light enlighten 11χείρων -ον worse more severe 11χίλιοι -αι ὁ thousand 11

chiliasm -- millenarianismχιτών -ῶνος ὁ tunic shirt 11

Set 107

χράομαι I use employ 11ψευδοπροφήτης -ου ὁ false prophet 11ἁγιασμός -οῦ ὁ sanctification holiness 10ᾅδης -ου ὁ Hades (hell) 10ἀδύνατος -ον powerless incapable impossible 10ἀκαθαρσία -ας ἡ uncleanness impurity 10ἅμα at the same time together 10

417

ἀναφέρω I bring up offer 10ἀπολαμβάνω I take aside receive 10Ἀπολλῶς Apollos 10

Set 108

ἀπολογέομαι I defend myself 10apology

ἀπολύτρωσις -εως ἡ redemption release 10ἀσέλγεια -ας ἡ sensuality licentiousness 10ἀσπασμός -οῦ ὁ greeting 10ἀφαιρέω I take away cut off 10ἀφορίζω I separate 10

aphorism (proverb)Ἀχαΐα -ας ἡ Achaia 10βίβλος -ου ὁ book 10

Bibleβίος -ου ὁ life 10

bio-logyδάκρυον -ου τό tear weeping 10

Set 109

δεσπότης -ου ὁ master lord 10despot

δικαίωμα -ατος τό regulation righteous deed 10διωγμός -οῦ ὁ persecution 10ἐγκαταλείπω I leave behind forsake 10ἐκκόπτω I cut out cut off 10ἐκπίπτω I fall away fail 10ἐμφανίζω I manifest reveal 10ἔνατος -η -ον ninth 10ἔνοχος -ον involved in liable guilty 10ἐντεῦθεν from here from this 10

Set 110

ἕξ six 10hexagon

ἐξομολογέω I confess promise admit 10ἐπειδή since because when 10ἐπιτάσσω I order command 10ἐπιτελέω I complete finish perform 10θλίβω I press oppress 10Ἰόππη -ης ἡ Joppa 10ἰσχύς -ύος ἡ strength power 10κἀκεῖ and there 10κἀκεῖθεν and from there and then 10

418

Set 111

κλητός -ή -όν called 10κοινωνός -οῦ ὁ ἡ partner sharer 10κομίζω I receive 10κοσμέω I adorn put in order 10μακροθυμέω I am patient 10μέλει it is a care 10ξενίζω I entertain startle 10ὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (here) 10οἰκονόμος -ου ὁ steward manager 10ὀνομάζω I name 10

onomasticon (list of proper names)

Set 112

ὀντώς really 10ὅρκος -ου ὁ an oath 10παντοκράτωρ -ορος ὁ ruler of all Almighty 10παράγω I pass by 10παραλυτικός -ή -όν lame paralytic 10παρεμβολή -ῆς ἡ camp army fortress 10πατάσσω I strike hit 10πενθέω I grieve 10περιστερά -ᾶς ἡ pigeon dove 10πλάνη -ης ἡ wandering error 10

planet

Set 113

πλατεῖα -ας ἡ street 10πλεονεξία -ας ἡ greediness covetousness 10ποικίλος -η -ον varied diverse 10πόρνος -ου ὁ fornicator immoral person 10προσκαρτερέω I continue inwith 10πύλη -ης ἡ gate door 10σέβω I worship 10σιγάω I am silent 10σιωπάω I am silent 10στήκω I stand stand fast 10

Set 114

στρατηγός -ου ὁ commander captain 10συζητέω I discuss dispute 10σύνδουλος -ου ὁ fellow slave 10σφάζω I slay murder 10

419

ταχέως quickly 10τέταρτος -η -ον fourth 10ὑπαντάω I meet go to meet 10ὑπόδημα -ατος τό sandal 10φείδομαι I spare refrain 10χρηστότης -ητος ἡ goodness kindness 10

Set 115

χρυσός -οῦ ὁ gold 10χωρέω I make room give way 10χωρίον -ου τό place field 10ψεύδος -ους τό lie falsehood 10

pseudo-ψεύστης -ου ὁ liar 10ἄβυσσος -ου ἡ abyss underworld 10ἀγαθοποιέω I do good 10Ἀδάμ ὁ Adam 9ἄζυμος -ον unleavened 9αἵρεσις -εως ἡ sect faction 9

Set 116

ἀκριβῶς accurately carefully 9ἀλείφω I anoint 9ἄμπελος -ου ἡ vine 9ἀναγκάζω I compel urge 9ἀναστρέφω I overturn behave 9ἀνατέλλω I rise 9ἄνομος -ον lawless 9ἀντιλέγω I oppose contradict 9ἄνω above upwards 9ἀπαρχή -ῆς ἡ first fruits first 9

Set 117

ἀποδοκιμάζω I reject 9ἀποστρέφω I turn away 9ἀποτίθημι I take off lay aside 9ἄρσην -εν male 9ἀρχισυνάγωγος -ου ὁ synagogue leader 9ἀσεβής -ές godless impious 9ἀστραπή -ῆς ἡ lightning 9βόσκω I feed graze 9γαστήρ -τρός ἡ belly womb 9

gastric ulcerγνώμη -ης ἡ purpose opinion 9

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Set 118

γωνία -ας ἡ corner 9διασκορπίζω I scatter 9διατρίβω I stay remain 9δωρέαν as a gift undeservedly 9ἕβδομος -η -ον seventh 9εἰδωλόθυτος -ον idol meat 9ἐκδίκησις -εως ἡ vengeance punishment 9Ἐλισάβετ ἡ Elizabeth 9ἐντρέπω I make ashamed 9ἑξήκοντα sixty 9

Set 119

ἐπέρχομαι I come upon appear attack 9ἐπιδίδωμι I hand over deliver surrender 9ἐπιποθέω I desire 9ἔρις -ιδος ἡ strife 9ἔσω in inside 9εὐάρεστος -ον pleasing 9εὐδοκία -ας ἡ favor good will 9εὐώνυμος -ον left (as opposed to right) 9θνῄσκω I die 9Ἰσραηλίτης -ου ὁ Israelite 9

Set 120

Ἰωνᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Jonah 9καθαιρέω I tear down conquer destroy 9Καϊάφας -α ὁ Caiaphas 9κατάγω I bring down 9κατάπαυσις -εως ἡ rest 9καταφρονέω I despise look down on 9κάτω below down 9κήρυγμα -ατος τό proclamation preaching 9

kerygmaΚηφᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Cephas 9κίνδυνος -ου ὁ danger risk 9

Set 121

κλάσμα -ατος τό crumb 9κλαυθμός -οῦ ὁ crying 9κλίνη -ης ἡ bed couch 9κρούω I knock 9λαμπάς -άδος ἡ lamp 9

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λαμπρός -ά -όν bright shining 9λεπρός -ά -όν leper 9λέων -οντος ὁ lion 9λιθάζω I stone 9μακράν far away from 9

Set 122

μαγαρίτης -ου ὁ pearl 9μεστός -ή -όν full 9μεταξύ between 9μεταπέμπω I send for 9μνᾶ μνᾶς ἡ mina (monetary unit) 9μονογενής -ές only uniqe 9νῆσος -ου ἡ island 9νομικός -ή -όν lawyer 9οἰκέω I live 9οἰκονομία -ας ἡ management office plan 9

Set 123

ὀνειδίζω I reproach insult 9οὐράνιος -ον heavenly 9παρρησιάζομαι I speak freely 9περίχωρος -ον neighboring 9πιπράσκω I sell 9πλεονάζω I grow increase 9προέρχομαι I proceed 9προπέμπω I accompany 9προσφορά -ᾶς ἡ act of offering 9Σαμαρίτης -ου ὁ Samaritan 9

Set 124

Σαούλ ὁ Saul 9σελήνη -ης ἡ moon 9Σιδών -ῶνος ἡ Sidon 9Σόδομα -ων τά Sodom 9στάσις -εως ἡ strife rebellion 9στολή -ῆς ἡ robe 9τάξις -εως ἡ order position 9τεῖχος -ους τό wall 9τρέφω I feed nourish train 9ὑστέρημα -ατος τό need 9

Set 125

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Φῆλιξ -ικος ὁ Felix 9φθείρω I ruin corrupt destroy 9φθόνος -ου ὁ envy jealousy 9φόνος -ου ὁ murder 9χάριν for the sake of because 9χρηματίζω I warn 9ἁγνός -ή -όν pure holy 8ἀγωνίζομαι I fight struggle 8ἀδόκιμος -ον unqualified worthless 8αἰνέω I praise 8

Set 126

ἅλας -ατος τό salt 8ἄμωμος -ον blameless 8ἀναγκαῖος -α -ον necessary 8ἀντίκειμαι I am opposed 8ἀπεκδέχομαι I await eagerly 8ἀπιστέω I disbelieve 8ἁπλότης -ητος ἡ sincerity frankness 8ἀποκαθίστημι I restore 8ἀπολογία -ας ἡ defense reply 8ἀργός -ή -όν idle lazy 8

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Greek-English Lexicon

Ted Hildebrandt

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copy 2003 by Ted HildebrandtPublished by Baker Academica division of Baker Book House CompanyPO Box 6287 Grand Rapids MI 49516-6287wwwbakeracademiccom


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Greek-English LexiconΑ Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω

Αᾄδω ἀλαζ- ἀναβ-ἀνάψ- ἀντα- ἀπελ- ἀπομ- Ἀρτε- αὐστ- βάτο-βυθό- Γώγ διαδ- διελ- δύνα-

ἐθελ- ἐκθα- ἐλεε- ἐνέβ- ἐξεγ- ἐπαρ-ἐπικ- ἐποι- ἑτοί-ἐφήμ- ἡμέτ- θερά- ἱκαν- καθό- κατα- κατέ-

κήρυ- κοσμ- λαμπ- Μαγα-μεμψ- μητρ- Νέα ὀδυρ- ὅραμ- παιδ- παρα- πεζῇ περι- πνικ- προβ- προσ-

πταί- σαββ- σκάπ- Στέφ- συμπ- συνε- σωτή- Τιμα- ὑγια- ὑποσ- Φλέγ- χειρό- ᾠδή

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ΑἈαρών ὁ AaronἈβαδδών ὁ Abaddonἀβαρής -ές not burdensomeἀββά fatherἍβελ ὁ AbelἈβιά ὁ AbijahἈβιαθάρ ὁ AbiatharἈβιληνή -ῆς ἡ AbileneἈβιούδ ὁ AbiudἈβραάμ ὁ Abrahamἄβυσσος -ου ἡ abyss underworldἍγαβος -ου ὁ Agabusἀγαθοεργέω I do goodἀγαθοποιέω I do goodἀγαθοποιΐα -ας ἡ do good do rightἀγαθοποιός -όν doing good uprightἀγαθός -ή -όν goodἀγαθουργέω I do goodἀγαθωσύνη -ης ἡ goodness generosityἀγαλλίασις -εως ἡ extreme joyἀγαλλιάω I am overjoyed exultἄγαμος -ον ummarriedἀγανακτέω I am angry

indignantἀγανάκτησις -εως ἡ indignationἀγαπάω I loveἀγάπη -ης ἡ loveἀγαπητός -ή -όν beloved dearἉγάρ ἡ Hagarἀγγαρεύω I compel carryἀγγεῖον -ου τό flask containerἀγγελία -ας ἡ message good newsἀγγέλλω I announce informἄγγελος -ου ὁ messenger angelἄγγος -ους τό vessel containerἄγε come lookἀγέλη -ης ἡ herdἀγενεαλόγητος -ον without genealogyἀγενής -ές base low inferiorἁγιάζω I make holyἁγιασμός -οῦ ὁ consecrationἅγιον -ου τό sanctuaryἅγιος -α -ον holy dedicatedἁγιότης -ητος ἡ holinessἁγιωσύνη -ης ἡ holinessἀγκάλη -ης ἡ bent armἄγκιστρον -ου τό fish hookἄγκυρα -ας ἡ anchorἄγναφος -ον unshrunken new clothἁγνεία -ας ἡ purity

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ἁγνίζω I purifyἁγνισμός -οῦ ὁ purificationἀγνοέω I am ignorantἀγνόημα -ατος τό sin through ignoranceἄγνοια -ας ἡ ignoranceἁγνός -ή -όν pure holyἁγνότης -ητος ἡ purityἁγνῶς purely sincerelyἀγνωσία -ας ἡ ignoranceἄγνωστος -ον unknownἀγορά -ᾶς ἡ marketἀγοράζω I buy purchaseἀγοραῖος -ον market crowd rabbleἄγρα -ας ἡ catchἀγράμματος -ον illiterate uneducatedἀγραυλέω I live outdoorsἀγρεύω I catch in mistakeἀγριέλαιος -ου ἡ wild olive treeἄγριος -α -ον wild fierceἈγρίππας -α ὁ Agrippaἀγρός -οῦ ὁ fieldἀγρυπνέω I am alert guardἀγρυπνία -ας ἡ sleeplessnessἄγω I lead bring arrestἀγωγή -ῆς ἡ conduct behaviorἀγών -ῶνος ὁ fight race contestἀγωνία -ας ἡ agony anxiety sorrowἀγωνίζομαι I fight competeἈδάμ ὁ Adamἀδάπανος -ον free of chargeἈδδί ὁ Addiἀδελφή -ῆς ἡ sisterἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brotherἀδελφότης -ητος ἡ brotherhoodἄδηλος -ον indistinct not evidentἀδηλότης -ητος ἡ uncertaintyἀδήλως uncertainly aimlesslyἀδημονέω I am troubled upsetᾅδης -ου ὁ Hades underworldἀδιάκριτος -ον impartial unwaveringἀδιάλειπτος -ον constantἀδιαλείπτως unwaveringlyἀδικέω I do wrong hurtἀδίκημα -ατος τό crime unjust actἀδικία -ας ἡ unjust deed misdeedἄδικος -ον unjust dishonestἀδίκως unjustlyἈδμίν ὁ Adminἀδόκιμος -ον worthless unqualifiedἄδολος -ον pure without deceitἈδραμυττηνός -ή Adramyttium

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-όνἈδρίας -ου ὁ Adriatic Seaἁδρότης -ητος ἡ abundanceἀδυνατέω I am powerlessἀδύνατος -ον impotent impossibleᾄδω I singἀεί alwaysἀετός -οῦ ὁ eagle vultureἄζυμος -ον unleavenedἈζώρ ὁ AzorἌζωτος -ου ἡ Azotusἀήρ ἀέρος ὁ air skyἀθανασία -ας ἡ immortalityἀθέμιτος -ον lawless forbiddenἄθεος -ον without god godlessἄθεσμος -ον lawlesslyἀθετέω I reject nullifyἀθέτησις -εως ἡ annulment removalἈθῆναι -ῶν αἱ AthensἈθηναῖος -α -ον Athenianἀθλέω I competeἄθλησις -εως ἡ athlete struggleἀθροίζω I gatherἀθυμέω I am discouragedἀθῷος -ον innocentαἴγειος -α -ον from a goatαἰγιαλός -οῦ ὁ shore beachΑἰγύπτιος -α -ον EgyptianΑἴγυπτος -ου ἡ Egyptἀΐδιος -ον eternalαἰδώς -οῦς ἡ modesty respectΑἰθίοψ -οπος ὁ an Ethiopianαἷμα -ατος τό bloodαἱματεκχυσία -ας ἡ shed bloodαἱμορροέω I bleed hemorrhageΑἰνέας -ου ὁ Aeneasαἴνεσις -εως ἡ praiseαἰνέω I praiseαἴνιγμα -ατος τό riddle enigmaαἶνος -ου ὁ praiseΑἰνών ἡ Aenonαἵρεσις -εως ἡ sect school divisionαἱρετίζω I choose selectαἱρετικός -ή -όν factious divisiveαἱρέω I take chooseαἴρω I carry removeαἰσθάνομαι I understandαἴσθησις -εως ἡ insight experienceαἰσθητήριον -ου τό faculty senseαἰσχροκερδής -ές greedyαἰσχροκερδῶς greedily

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αἰσχρολογία -ας ἡ obscene speechαἰσχρός -ά -όν shameful disgracefulαἰσχρότης -ητος ἡ wickedness uglinessαἰσχύνη -ης ἡ shame disgraceαἰσχύνομαι I am ashamedαἰτέω I ask for demandαἴτημα -ατος τό requestαἰτία -ας ἡ reason accusation

causeαἴτιος -α -ον reason guilt causeαἰτίωμα -ατος τό accusation chargeαἰφνίδιος -ον immediately suddenαἰχμαλωσία -ας ἡ captivityαἰχμαλωτεύω I take captive captureαἰχμάλωτος -ου ὁ captiveαἰών -ῶνος ὁ era eternity universeαἰώνιος -α -ον eternalἀκαθαρσία -ας ἡ immorality filthἀκάθαρτος -ον impure uncleanἀκαιρέομαι I lack opportunityἀκαίρως untimely ill-timedἄκακος -ον innocent without faultἄκανθα -ης ἡ thorn-plantἀκάνθινος -η -ον thornyἄκαρπος -ον fruitless unfruitfulἀκατάγνωστος -ον beyond reproachἀκατακάλυπτος -ον uncoveredἀκατάκριτος -ον without trialἀκατάλυτος -ον endless indestructibleἀκατάπαυστος -ον unceasingἀκαταστασία -ας ἡ rebellion riotἀκατάστατος -ον unstable restlessἉκελδαμάχ Akeldamaἀκέραιος -ον pure innocentἀκήκοα ἀκούωἀκλινής -ές firmlyἀκμάζω I am ripeἀκμήν yet stillἀκοή -ῆς ἡ hearing listeningἀκολουθέω I follow accompanyἀκούω I hear obeyἀκρασία -ας ἡ lack of self-controlἀκρατής -ές lacking self-controlἄκρατος -ον pure unmixedἀκρίβεια -ας ἡ accuratenessἀκριβής -ές accurate exactἀκριβόω I learn exactlyἀκριβῶς accurately carefullyἀκρίς -ίδος ἡ grasshopper locustἀκροατήριον -ου τό auditoriumἀκροατής -οῦ ὁ hearer

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ἀκροβυστία -ας ἡ uncircumcisedἀκρογωνιαῖος -α -ον

cornerstone

ἀκροθίνιον -ου τό spoils bootyἄκρον -ου τό tip high point topἈκύλας ὁ Aquilaἀκυρόω I make voidἀκωλύτως freelyἄκων -ουσα -ον unwillingἀλάβαστρον -ου τό alabaster jarἀλαζονεία -ας ἡ arroganceἀλαζών -όνος ὁ braggart boasterἀλαλάζω I weep loudly clangἀλάλητος -ον inexpressibleἄλαλος -ον mute unable to speakἅλας -ατος τό saltἀλείφω I anointἀλεκτοροφωνία -ας ἡ at cockcrow dawnἀλέκτωρ -ορος ὁ rooster cockἈλεξανδρεύς -έως ὁ an AlexandrianἈλεξανδρῖνος -η -ον

Alexandrian

Ἀλέξανδρος -ου ὁ Alexanderἄλευρον -ου τό wheat flourἀλήθεια -ας ἡ truthἀληθεύω I am truthfulἀληθής -ές truthful honestἀληθινός -ή -ός true dependableἀλήθω I grind grainἀληθῶς truly reallyἁλιεύς -έως ὁ fishermanἁλιεύω I fishἁλίζω I saltἀλίσγημα -ατος τό ritual pollutionἀλλά but and yetἀλλάξω ἀλλάσσωἀλλάσσω I change alterἀλλαχόθεν from elsewhereἀλλαχοῦ elsewhereἀλληγορέω I speak allegoricallyἀλληλουϊά hallelujah praise

Yahwehἀλλήλων one anotherἀλλογενής -ές foreignerἅλλομαι I jump bubble upἄλλος -η -ο other differentἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος -ου ὁ

busybody meddler

ἀλλότριος -α -ον belonging to anotherἀλλόφυλος -ον heathen Gentileἄλλως differently otherwise

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ἀλοάω I threshἄλογος -ον without reasonἀλόη -ης ἡ aloesἅλς ἁλός ὁ saltἁλυκός -ή -όν saltyἄλυπος -ον free from anxietyἅλυσις -εως ἡ chainἀλυσιτελής -ές unprofitable not

helpfulἌλφα τό alpha firstἉλφαῖος -ου ὁ Alphaeusἅλων -ωνος ἡ threshing floorἀλώπηξ -εκος ἡ fox slyἅλωσις -εως ἡ captureἅμα together at the same

timeἀμαθής -ές ignorantἀμαράντινος -η -ον unfadingἀμάραντος -ον unfadingἁμαρτάνω I sinἁμάρτημα -ατος τό sinἁμαρτία -ας ἡ sin guiltἀμάρτυρος -ον without witnessἁμαρτωλός -όν sinful sinnerἄμαχος -ον peacefulἀμάω I mowἀμέθυστος -ου ἡ amethystἀμελέω I neglect disregardἄμεμπτος -ον blamelessἀμέμπτως blamelesslyἀμέριμνος -ον care freeἀμετάθετος -ον unchangingἀμετακίνητος -ον immovable firmἀμεταμέλητος -ον without regretἀμετανόητος -ον unrepentantἄμετρος -ον immeasurableἀμήν trulyἀμήτωρ -ορος without motherἀμίαντος -ον pure undefiledἈμιναδάβ ὁ Amminadabἄμμος -ου ἡ sandἀμνός -οῦ ὁ lambἀμοιβή -ῆς ἡ repaymentἄμπελος -ου ἡ grapevine vineἀμπελουργός -οῦ ὁ vinedresser gardenerἀμπελών -ῶνος ὁ vineyardἈμπλιᾶτος -ου ὁ Ampliatusἀμύνομαι I help aidἀμφιάζω I clotheἀμφιβάλλω I cast (a net)ἀμφίβληστρον -ου τό casting-net

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ἀμφιέζω I clothe dressἀμφιέννυμι I dress clotheἈμφίπολις -εως ἡ Amphipolisἄμφοδον -ου τό city streetἀμφότεροι -αι -α both allἀμώμητος -ον blamelessἄμωμον -ου τό spiceἄμωμος -ον unblemishedἈμών ὁ AmonἈμώς ὁ Amosἄν would everἀνά up upwards eachἀναβαθμός -οῦ ὁ stairsἀναβαίνω I go up ascendἀναβάλλω I adjourn postponeἀναβέβηκα ἀναβαίνωἀναβήσομαι ἀναβαίνωἀναβιβάζω I pull upἀναβλέπω I look up gain sightἀνάβλεψις -εως ἡ recovery of sightἀναβοάω I shout cry outἀναβολή -ῆς ἡ delay postponementἀνάγαιον -ου τό upstairs roomἀναγγέλλω I report announceἀναγεννάω I beget againἀναγινώσκω I read read aloudἀναγκάζω I compel forceἀναγκαῖος -α -ον necessaryἀναγκαστῶς by compulsionἀνάγκη -ης ἡ necessityἀναγνωρίζω I recognizeἀνάγνωσις -εως ἡ reading public readingἀνάγω I lead bring upἀναδείκνυμι I make known revealἀνάδειξις -εως ἡ installation revelationἀναδέχομαι I accept receiveἀναδίδωμι I deliver hand overἀναζάω I live againἀναζητέω I searchἀναζώννυμι I gird up bind upἀναζωπυρέω I rekindle inflameἀναθάλλω I grow up againἀνάθεμα -ατος τό curseἀναθεματίζω I bind under a curseἀναθεωρέω I observe reflect onἀνάθημα -ατος τό consecrated offeringἀναίδεια -ας ἡ insolence impudenceἀναίρεσις -εως ἡ murderἀναιρέω I kill destroyἀναίτιος -ον innocentἀνακαθίζω I sit up

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ἀνακαινίζω I restoreἀνακαινόω I renewἀνακαίνωσις -εως ἡ renewalἀνακαλύπτω I uncoverἀνακάμπτω I returnἀνακάμψω ἀνακάμπτωἀνάκειμαι I lie recline eatἀνακεκάλυμμαι ἀνακαλύπτωἀνάκεφαλαιόω I sum up bring

togetherἀνακλίνω I cause to lie downἀνακράζω I cry out shoutἀνακρίνω I study examineἀνάκρισις -εως ἡ investigationἀνακύπτω I stand erectἀναλαμβάνω I take up carryἀνάλημψις -εως ἡ ascensionἀναλίσκω I consume destroyἀναλογία -ας ἡ proportionἀναλογίζομαι I considerἄναλος -ον without saltἀνάλυσις -εως ἡ departure deathἀναλύω I loose return dieἀναμάρτητος -ον sinlessἀναμένω I wait for expectἀναμιμνῄσκω I remember remindἀνάμνησις -εως ἡ reminderἀναμνήσω ἀναμιμνῄσκωἀνανεόω I renewἀνανήφω I become soberἉνανίας -ου ὁ Ananiasἀναντίρρητος -ον undeniableἀναντιρρήτως undeniablyἀνάξιος -ον unworthyἀναξίως unworthilyἀνάπαυσις -εως ἡ stop restἀναπαύω I rest refreshἀναπείθω I persuadeἀνάπειρος -ον maimed crippledἀναπέμπω I send send backἀναπηδάω I stand up jump upἀναπίπτω I lie down reclineἀναπληρόω I fulfill provideἀναπολόγητος -ον inexcusableἀναπτύσσω I unroll (scroll)ἀνάπτω I set fireἀναρίθμητος -ον innumerableἀνασείω I incite stir upἀνασκευάζω I upset tear downἀνασπάω I pull upἀνάστασις -εως ἡ rise resurrection

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ἀναστατόω I disturb cause a revoltἀνασταυρόω I crucify againἀναστενάζω I groan sigh deeplyἀναστήσω ἀνίστημιἀναστρέψω ἀναστρέφωἀναστρέφω I overturn returnἀναστροφή -ῆς ἡ behavior conductἀνατάσσομαι I compileἀνατέλλω I rise spring upἀνατέταλκα ἀνατέλλωἀνατίθημι I attribute explainἀνατολή -ῆς ἡ rising eastἀνατρέπω I turn over destroyἀνατρέφω I train rearἀναφαίνω I cause to appearἀναφέρω I lead up offer upἀναφωνέω I cry outἀνάχυσις -εως ἡ excess overflowingἀναχωρέω I go away withdrawἀνάψυξις -εως ἡ reliefἀναψύχω I revive encourageἀνδραποδιστής -οῦ ὁ slave traderἈνδρέας -ου ὁ Andrewἀνδρίζομαι I am courageousἈνδρόνικος -ου ὁ Andronicusἀνδροφόνος -ου ὁ murdererἀνέβαλον ἀναβάλλωἀνέβην ἀναβαίνωἀνεβίβασα ἀναβιβάζωἀνέβλεψα ἀναβλέπωἀνέγκλητος -ον blamelessἀνέδειξα ἀναδείκνυμιἀνέδωκα ἀναδίδωμιἀνεδεξάμην ἀναδέχομαιἀνέζωσα ἀναζώννυμιἀνέθαλον ἀναθάλλωἀνεθεμάτισα ἀναθεματίζωἀνέθην ἀνίημιἀνεῖλον ἀναιρέωἀνέκαμψα ἀνακάμπτωἀνεκδιήγητος -ον indescribableἀνεκλάλητος -ον inexpressibleἀνέκλειπτος -ον unfailingἀνέκραξα ἀνακράζωἀνεκρίθην ἀνακρίνωἀνέκυψα ἀνακύπτωἀνεκτός -όν endurableἀνέλαβον ἀναλαμβάνωἀνελεήμων -ον unmercifulἀνέλεος -ον unmercifulἀνελήμφθην ἀναλαμβάνω

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ἀνελῶ ἀναιρέωἀνεμίζω I am driven by windἀνεμνήσθην ἀναμιμνῄσκωἄνεμος -ου ὁ windἀνένδεκτος -ον impossibleἀνεξεραύνητος -ον unfathomableἀνεξίκακος -ον tolerant patientἀνεξιχνίαστος -ον incomprehensibleἀνέξω ἀνέχωἀνεπαίσχυντος -ον unashamedἀνεπίλημπτος -ον above criticismἀνέρχομαι I gocome upἄνεσις -εως ἡ rest relaxation reliefἀνέστησα ἀνίστημιἀνεστράφην ἀναστρέφωἀνέσχον ἀνέχωἀνετάζω I examine interrogateἀνεταξάμην ἀνατάσσομαιἀνέτειλα ἀνατέλλωἄνευ withoutἀνεύθετος -ον unusable unfavorableἀνεῦρα ἀνευρίσκωἀνευρίσκω I look searchἀνέχω I endure acceptἀνεψιός -οῦ ὁ cousinἀνέῳγα ἀνοίγωἀνέῳγμαι ἀνοίγωἀνήγαγον ἀνάγωἀνήγγειλα ἀναγγέλλωἀνηγγέλην ἀναγγέλλωἄνηθον -ου τό dillἀνῆλθον ἀνέρχομαιἀνήμερος -ον savage fierceἀνῆκα ἀνίημιἀνήκω I refer belong relateἀνήλωσα ἀναλίσκωἀνήμερος -ον savage fierceἀνήνεγκα ἀναφέρωἀνήρ ανδρός ὁ man husbandἀνῃρέθην ἀναιρέωἀνήφθην ἀνάπτωἀνήχθην ἀνάγωἀνθέξω ἀντέχωἀνθέστηκα ἀνθίστημιἀνθίστημι I oppose set againstἀνθομολογέομαι I give thanks praiseἄνθος -ους τό blossom flowerἀνθρακιά -ᾶς ἡ charcoal fireἄνθραξ -ακος ὁ charcoalἀνθρωπάρεσκος -ον pleasing peopleἀνθρώπινος -η -ον human

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ἀνθρωποκτόνος -ου ὁ murdererἄνθρωπος -ου ὁ human manἀνθύπατος -ου ὁ proconsulἀνίημι I unfasten loosenἄνιπτος -ον unwashedἀνίστημι I raise erectἍννα -ας ἡ AnnaἍννας -α ὁ Annasἀνόητος -ον foolish unintelligentἄνοια -ας ἡ follyἀνοίγω I openἀνοικοδομέω I rebuildἄνοιξις -εως ἡ an openingἀνοίξω ἀνοίγωἀνομία -ας ἡ lawlessnessἄνομος -ον lawlessἀνόμως without the Lawἀνορθόω I rebuild restoreἀνόσιος -ον impious unholyἀνοχή -ῆς ἡ delay patienceἀνταγωνίζομαι I struggle againstἀντάλλαγμα -ατος τό thing in exchangeἀνταναπληρόω I fill up completeἀνταπεδόθην ἀνταποδίδωμιἀνταπέδωκα ἀνταποδίδωμιἀνταποδίδωμι I repay returnἀνταπόδομα -ατος τό repaymentἀνταπόδοσις -εως ἡ repaying rewardἀνταποδώσω ἀνταποδίδωμιἀνταποκρίνομαι I answer in returnἀντεῖπον ἀντιλέγωἀντέλαβον ἀντιλαμβάνωἀντέστην ἀνθίστημιἀντέχω I adhere to cling toἀντί instead on behalf ofἀντιβάλλω I discuss put againstἀντιδιατίθημι I am opposed am

hostileἀντίδικος -ου ὁ opponent accuserἀντίθεσις -εως ἡ opposition objectionἀντικαθίστημι I oppose resistἀντικαλέω I invite backἀντίκειμαι I opposeἄντικρυς opposite toἀντιλαμβάνω I help devote myself

toἀντιλέγω I speak against opposeἀντίλημψις -εως ἡ ability to helpἀντιλογία -ας ἡ dispute contradictionἀντιλοιδορέω I revile in returnἀντίλυτρον -ου τό ransom

437

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ἀντιμετρέω I repayἀντιμισθία -ας ἡ recompenseἈντιόχεια -ας ἡ Antioch (SyriaPisidia)Ἀντιοχεύς -έως ὁ Antiocheanἀντιπαρέρχομαι I pass byἈντιπᾶς -ᾶ ὁ AntipasἈντιπατρίς -ίδος ἡ Antipatris (Judea)ἀντιπέρα opposite across fromἀντιπίπτω I resist opposeἀντιστρατεύομαι I oppose am at warἀντιτάσσω I oppose resistἀντίτυπος -ον correspondingἀντίχριστος -ου ὁ antichristἀντλέω I draw waterἄντλημα -ατος τό bucketἀντοφθαλμέω I face intoἄνυδρος -ον waterlessἀνυπόκριτος -ον genuine sincereἀνυπότακτος -ον independentἄνω above upwardsἄνωθεν from above againἀνωτερικός -ή -όν inland interiorἀνώτερος -α -ον above precedingἀνωφελής -ές useless harmfulἀξίνη -ης ἡ axἄξιος -α -ον worthy comparableἀξιόω I consider worthyἀξίως worthily properlyἀόρατος -ον invisibleἀπαγγέλλω I report announceἀπάγχω I hang myselfἀπάγω I lead away deceiveἀπαίδευτος -ον uneducated stupidἀπαίρω I take awayἀπαιτέω I ask back ask forἀπαλγέω I become callousἀπαλλάσσω I set freeἀπαλλοτριόω I am a foreigner

estrangedἁπαλός -ή -όν tenderἀπαντάω I meetἀπάντησις -εως ἡ meetingἅπαξ onceἀπαράβατος -ον unchangingἀπαρασκεύαστος-ον

unprepared

ἀπαρνέομαι I deny rejectἀπαρτισμός -οῦ ὁ completionἀπαρχή -ῆς ἡ first-fruits firstἅπας -ασα -αν all wholeἀπασπάζομαι I take leave of

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ἀπατάω I deceive cheatἀπάτη -ης ἡ deceptionἀπάτωρ -ορος fatherlessἀπαύγασμα -ατος τό radianceἀπέβην ἀποβαίνωἀπεδέδειγμαι ἀποδείκνυμιἀπέδειξα ἀποδείκνυμιἀπεδόθην ἀποδίδωμιἀπέδωκα ἀποδίδωμιἀπέθανον ἀποθνῄσκωἀπέθηκα ἀποτίθημιἀπείθεια -ας ἡ disobedienceἀπειθέω I disobeyἀπειθής -ές disobedientἀπειλέω I threaten warnἀπειλή -ῆς ἡ threatἄπειμι I am absentἄπειμι I depart go awayἀπεῖπον ἀπολέγωἀπείραστος -ον untempted untriedἄπειρος -ον unacquaintedἀπεκδέχομαι I await eagerlyἀπεκδύομαι I undress take offἀπέκδυσις -εως ἡ stripping undressingἀπεκρίθην ἀποκρίνομαιἀπεκτάνθην ἀποκτείνωἀπελαύνω I drive awayἀπελεγμός -οῦ ὁ refutation criticismἀπελεύθερος -ου ὁ freed personἀπελεύσομαι ἀπέρχομαιἀπελήλυθα ἀπέρχομαιἀπέλιπον ἀπολείπωἈπελλῆς -οῦ ὁ Apellesἀπελπίζω I despairἀπένιψα ἀπονίπτωἀπέναντι opposite againstἀπέπεσα ἀποπίπτωἀπέπνιξα ἀποπνίγωἀπέραντος -ον endless limitlessἀπερισπάστως undisturbedlyἀπερίτμητος -ον uncircumcisedἀπέριψα ἀπορίπτωἀπέρχομαι I go away departἀπεστέρησα ἀποστερέωἀπέστησα ἀφίστημιἀπέταξα ἀποτάσσωἀπεστέρημαι ἀποστερέωἀπέχω I receive in fullἀπήγαγον ἀπάγωἀπήγγειλα ἀπαγγέλλωἀπηγγέλην ἀπαγγέλλω

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ἀπῆγξα ἀπάγχωἀπήλγηκα ἀπαλέγωἀπῆλθον ἀπέρχομαιἀπήνεγκα ἀποφέρωἀπήνεγκα ἀποφέρωἀπηνέχθην ἀποφέρωἀπήρθην ἀπαίρωἀπήρνήθην ἀπαρνέομαιἀπήρνησάμην ἀπαρνέομαιἀπήσπασάμην ἀπασπάζομαιἀπήχθην ἀπάγωἀπιστέω I disbelieveἀπιστία -ας ἡ unbeliefἄπιστος -ον faithless unbelievingἁπλότης -ητος ἡ sincerity generosityἁπλοῦς -ῆ -οῦν single simple sincereἁπλῶς sincerely generouslyἀπό from by (Gen)ἀποβαίνω I go away get outἀποβάλλω I throw off take offἀποβήσομαι ἀποβαίνωἀποβλέπω I look pay attentionἀπόβλητος -ον rejectedἀποβολή -ῆς ἡ rejection lossἀπογίνομαι I cease dieἀπογραφή -ῆς ἡ list census inventoryἀπογράφω I register recordἀποδέδειγμαι ἀποδείκνυμιἀποδείκνυμι I make demonstrateἀπόδειξις -εως ἡ proofἀποδεκατόω I tithe give one tenthἀπόδεκτος -ον pleasingἀποδέχομαι I welcome acceptἀποδημέω I journeyἀπόδημος -ον journeyingἀποδίδωμι I give away pay

returnἀποδιορίζω I divide separateἀποδοκιμάζω I declare uselessἀποδοχή -ῆς ἡ acceptance approvalἀποδώσω ἀποδίδωμιἀπόθεσις -εως ἡ removalἀποθήκη -ης ἡ storehouse barnἀποθησαυρίζω I store up treasure upἀποθλίβω I crowd againstἀποθνῄσκω I dieἀποκαθίστημι I restore send backἀποκαλύπτω I reveal discloseἀποκάλυψις -εως ἡ revelation disclosureἀποκαραδοκία -ας ἡ eager desireἀποκαταλλάσσω I reconcile

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ἀποκατάστασις-εως ἡ

restoration

ἀπόκειμαι I put away store upἀποκέκρυμαι ἀποκρύπτωἀποκεφαλίζω I beheadἀποκλείω I close shutἀποκόπτω I cut offἀπόκριμα -ατος τό verdict decisionἀποκρίνομαι I answer replyἀπόκρισις -εως ἡ answerἀποκρύπτω I hide concealἀπόκρυφος -ον secret hiddenἀποκτείνω I killἀποκτενῶ ἀποκτείνωἀποκυέω I give birth to bearἀποκυλίω I roll awayἀπολαμβάνω I receive back recoverἀπόλαυσις -εως ἡ enjoymentἀπολέγω I reject denounceἀπολείπω I abandonἀπολέσω ἀπόλλυμιἀπολήμψομαι ἀπολαμβάνωἀπόλλυμι I ruin destroy loseἈπολλύων -ονος ὁ ApollyonἈπολλωνία -ας ἡ ApolloniaἈπολλῶς -ῶ ὁ Apollosἀπολογέομαι I defend myselfἀπολογία -ας ἡ defenseἀπολούω I wash make pureἀπολύτρωσις -εως ἡ deliveranceἀπολύω I pardon dismissἀπολώλεκα ἀπόλλυμιἀπομάσσω I wipe offἀπονέμω I cause show payἀπονίπτω I wash offἀποπίπτω I fall awayἀποπλανάω I misleadἀποπλέω I sail awayἀποπνίγω I choke drownἀπορέω I am at a loss in doubtἀπορία -ας ἡ anxiety perpexityἀπορίπτω I throw away jump offἀπορφανίζω I make an orphanἀποσκίασμα -ατος τό shadowἀποσπάω I pull out lure awayἀποστασία -ας ἡ rebellionἀποστάσιον -ου τό divorce paperἀποστεγάζω I unroofἀποστέλλω I sendἀποστερέω I steal robἀποστήσομαι ἀφίστημι

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ἀποστολή -ῆς ἡ apostleshipἀπόστολος -ου ὁ apostle messengerἀποστοματίζω I question interrogateἀποστρέφω I turn away misleadἀποστυγέω hate abhorἀποσυνάγωγος -ον expelled from

synagogueἀποτάσσω I say goodbyeἀποτελέω I finish completeἀποτίθημι I take off put awayἀποτινάσσω I shake offἀποτίνω I pay damagesἀποτολμάω I am boldἀποτομία -ας ἡ harshness severityἀποτόμως harshly severelyἀποτρέπω I avoidἀπουσία -ας ἡ absenceἀποφέρω I carry away take

awayἀποφεύγω I escapeἀποφθέγγομαι I declare speakἀποφορτίζομαι I unload cargoἀπόχρησις -εως ἡ consumptionἀποχωρέω I depart go awayἀποχωρίζω I separate move awayἀποψύχω I faint stop breathingἈππίου Φόρον Forum of Appiusἀπρόσιτος -ον unapproachableἀπρόσκοπος -ον blameless without

offenseἀπροσωπολήμπτως impartiallyἄπταιστος -ον without stumblingἅπτω I touch hold kindleἈπφία -ας ἡ Apphiaἀπωθέω I push away rejectἀπώλεια -ας ἡ destructionἀπώλεσα ἀπόλλυμιἀπῶσα ἀπωθέωἀρά -ᾶς ἡ curseἄρα so then consquentlyἆρα interrogative particleἈραβία -ας ἡ ArabiaἈράμ ὁ Aramἄραφος -ον seamlessἌραψ -βος ὁ Arabἀργέω I am idleἀργός -ή -όν idle lazy uselessἀργύριον -ου τό silverἀργυροκόπος -ου ὁ silversmithἄργυρος -ου ὁ silverἀργυροῦς -ᾶ -οῦν made of silver

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Ἄρειος Πάγος ὁ the AreopagusἈρεοπαγίτης -ου ὁ Areopagite memberἀρεσκεία -ας ἡ desire to pleaseἀρέσκω I please accomodateἀρεστός -ή -όν pleasingἉρέτας -α ὁ Aretasἀρετή -ῆς ἡ virtueἀρήν ἀρνός ὁ lambἀριθμέω I countἀριθμός -οῦ ὁ numberἉριμαθαία -ας ἡ ArimathaeaἈρίσταρχος -ου ὁ Aristarchusἀριστάω I eat breakfast eatἀριστερός -ά -όν left handἈριστόβουλος -ου ὁ Aristobulusἄριστον -ου τό breakfast lunchἀρκετός -ή -όν enough adequateἀρκέω I am enough sufficientἄρκος -ου ὁ ἡ bearἅρμα -ατος τό chariotἉρμαγεδών Armageddonἁρμόζω I join betroth fitἁρμός -οῦ ὁ jointἀρνέομαι I refuse denyἈρνί ὁ Arniἀρνίον -ου τό sheep lambἀροτριάω I plowἄροτρον -ου τό a plowἁρπαγή -ῆς ἡ plunder bootyἁρπαγμός -οῦ ὁ robbery plunderἁρπάζω I snatch seize plunderἅρπαξ -αγος ὁ robber rogueἀρραβών -ῶνος ὁ deposit down paymentἄρρητος -ον inexpressibleἄρρωστος -ον sick illἀρσενοκοίτης -ου ὁ homosexual sodomiteἄρσην -εν maleἈρτεμᾶς -ᾶ ὁ ArtemasἌρτεμις -ιδος ἡ Artemisἀρτέμων -ωνος ὁ sailἄρτι now immediatelyἀρτιγέννητος -ον newbornἄρτιος -α -ον complete proficientἄρτος -ου ὁ breadἀρτύω I season salt prepareἈρφαξάδ ὁ Arphaxadἀρχάγγελος -ου ὁ archangelἀρχαῖος -α -ον ancient oldἈρχέλαος -ου ὁ Archelausἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning rulerἀρχηγός -οῦ ὁ ruler originator

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ἀρχιερατικός -όν highpriestlyἀρχιερεύς -έως ὁ chief priest high priestἀρχιποίμην -ενος ὁ chief shepherdἌρχιππος -ου ὁ Archippusἀρχισυνάγωγος-ου ὁ

synagogue leader

ἀρχιτέκτων -ονος ὁ master builderἀρχιτελώνης -ου ὁ chief tax collectorἀρχιτρίκλινος -ου ὁ head waiter butlerἄρχω I rule beginἄρχων -οντος ὁ ruler officialἀρῶ αἴρωἄρωμα -ατος τό perfumed oilsἀσάλευτος -ον immovable unshakenἈσάφ ὁ Asaphἄσβεστος -ον inextinguishableἀσέβεια -ας ἡ impiety godlessnessἀσεβέω I act impiouslyἀσεβής -ές godless impiousἀσέλγεια -ας ἡ sensualityἄσημος -ον unintelligible obscureἈσήρ ὁ Asherἀσθένεια -ας ἡ weakness sicknessἀσθενέω I am weak sickἀσθένημα -ατος τό weaknessἀσθενής -ές sick weak feebleἈσία -ας ἡ AsiaἈσιανός -οῦ ὁ AsianἈσιάρχης -ου ὁ provincial authorityἀσιτία -ας ἡ without foodἄσιτος -ον fasting without foodἀσκέω I practice engageἀσκός -οῦ ὁ leather bag wine-skinἀσμένως gladlyἄσοφος -ον unwise foolishἀσπάζομαι I greetἀσπασμός -οῦ ὁ greetingἄσπιλος -ον spotless without

blemishἀσπίς -ίδος ἡ asp snakeἄσπονδος -ον irreconcilableἀσσάριον -ου τό penny copper coinἆσσον nearerἎσσος -ου ἡ Assos (city)ἀστατέω I wander am homelessἀστεῖος -α -ον beautifulἀστήρ έρος ὁ star planetἀστήρικτος -ον unstable weakἄστοργος -ον unlovingἀστοχέω I miss fail deviateἀστραπή -ῆς ἡ lightning

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444

ἀστράπτω I flash glistenἄστρον -ου τό star planetἈσύγκριτος -ου ὁ Asyncritusἀσύμφωνος -ον not harmoniousἀσύνετος -ον senseless foolishἀσύνθετος -ον faithlessἀσφάλεια -ας ἡ certainty safetyἀσφαλής -ές secure safeἀσφαλίζω I guard secureἀσφαλῶς securely safelyἀσχημονέω I behave indecentlyἀσχημοσύνη -ης ἡ indecent behaviorἀσχήμων -ον shameful indecentἀσωτία -ας ἡ debaucheryἀσώτως recklesslyἀτακτέω I am lazy idleἄτακτος -ον disorderly lazyἀτάκτως lazily disorderlyἄτεκνος -ον childlessἀτενίζω I gaze atἄτερ without (Gen)ἀτιμάζω I treat shamefullyἀτιμία -ας ἡ disgrace shameἄτιμος -ον dishonoredἀτμίς -ίδος ἡ mist steamἄτομος -ον moment indivisibleἄτοπος -ον unusual evil badἈττάλεια -ας ἡ Attaliaαὐγάζω I see shine forthαὐγή -ῆς ἡ dawnΑὐγοῦστος -ου ὁ Augustusαὐθάδης -ες arrogant stubbornαὐθαίρετος -ον willingαὐθεντέω I have authorityαὐλέω I play the fluteαὐλή -ῆς ἡ courtyard houseαὐλητής -οῦ ὁ flutistαὐλίζομαι I spend the nightαὐλός -οῦ ὁ fluteαὐξάνω I grow increaseαὔξησις -εως ἡ growth increaseαὔριον next dayαὐστηρός -ά -όν severe strictαὐτάρκεια -ας ἡ contentment adequacyαὐτάρκης -ες content self-sufficientαὐτοκατάκριτος -ον self-condemnedαὐτόματος -η -ον by itself automaticαὐτόπτης -ου ὁ eyewitnessαὐτός -ή ό he she it same selfαὐτοῦ here thereαὐτόφωρος -ον in the act

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αὐτόχειρ -ρος onersquos own handαὐχέω I boastαὐχμηρός -ά -όν dirty darkἀφαιρέω I take away robἀφανής -ές invisible hiddenἀφανίζω I disappearἀφανισμός -οῦ ὁ disappearanceἄφαντος -ον invisibleἀφεδρών -ῶνος ὁ toiletἀφειδία -ας ἡ severe hardenἀφεῖλον ἀφαιρέωἀφελότης -ητος ἡ simplicity humblenessἀφελῶ ἀφαιρέωἄφεσις -εως ἡ release pardonἁφή -ῆς ἡ ligamentἀφῃρέθην ἀφαιρέωἀφθαρσία -ας ἡ immortality unceasingἄφθαρτος -ον immortal imperishableἀφθορία -ας ἡ integrity soundnessἀφίημι I dismiss cancel

pardonἀφικνέομαι I reach become knownἀφιλάγαθος -ον not loving the goodἀφιλάργυρος -ον not loving moneyἄφιξις -εως ἡ departureἀφίστημι I mislead withdrawἄφνω immediatelyἀφόβως without fear fearlessἀφομοιόω I resemble make likeἀφοράω I look away seeἀφορίζω I separate appointἀφορμή -ῆς ἡ opportunity occasionἀφρίζω I foam at the mouthἀφρός -οῦ ὁ foamἀφροσύνη -ης ἡ foolishness ignoranceἄφρων -ον foolish ignorantἀφυπνόω I fall asleepἄφωνος -ον silute muteἈχάζ ὁ AhazἈχαΐα -ας ἡ AchaiaἈχαϊκός -οῦ ὁ Achaicusἀχάριστος -ον ungratefulἀχειροποίητος -ον not man-madeἈχίμ ὁ Achimἀχλύς -ύος ἡ mistinessἀχρεῖος -ον useless worthlessἀχρειόω I make uselessἄχρηστος -ον useless worthlessἄχρι until (Gen)ἄχρι until (Conj)ἄχυρον -ου τό chaff

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ἀψευδής -ές truthful without deceitἄψινθος -ου ὁ ἡ wormwood bitterἄψυχος -ον lifeless inanimateΒΒάαλ ὁ BaalΒαβυλών -ῶνος ἡ Babylonβαθμός -οῦ ὁ step rank statusβάθος -ους τό depth extremeβαθύνω I make deepβαθύς -εῖα -ύ deepβάϊον -ου τό palm branchΒαλαάμ ὁ BalaamΒαλάκ ὁ Balakβαλλάντιον -ου τό purse money-bagβάλλω I throw castβαπτίζω I baptize dipβάπτισμα -ατος τό baptismβαπτιστής -οῦ ὁ Baptizerβάπτω I dipΒαραββᾶς -ᾶ ὁ BarabbasΒαράκ ὁ BarakΒαραχίας -ου ὁ Barachiahβάρβαρος -ον barbarian non-Greekβαρέω I am burdenedβαρέως hard of hearing dullΒαρθολομαῖος -ου ὁ BartholomewΒαριησοῦς -οῦ ὁ Bar-JesusΒαριωνᾶ ὁ Bar-JonaΒαρναβᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Barnabasβάρος -ους τό weight burdenΒαρσαββᾶς -ᾶ ὁ BarsabbasΒαρτιμαῖος -ου ὁ Bartimaeusβαρύς -εῖα ύ heavy weightyβαρύτιμος -ον very expensiveβασανίζω I torture tormentβασανισμός -οῦ ὁ tortureβασανιστής -οῦ ὁ jailer torturerβάσανος -ου ἡ torture tormentβασιλεία -ας ἡ kingdom royal ruleβασίλειος -ον royalβασιλεύς -έως ὁ kingβασιλεύω I rule am kingβασιλικός -ή -όν royalβασίλισσα -ης ἡ queenβάσις -εως ἡ footβασκαίνω I bewitch deceiveβαστάζω I carry bear endureβάτος -ου ὁ ἡ thorn-bushβάτος -ου ὁ bathβάτραχος -ου ὁ frogβατταλογέω I babble

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βάψω βάπτωβδέλυγμα -ατος τό abomination

detestableβδελυκτός -ή -όν detestable abominableβδελύσσομαι I abhor detestβέβαιος -α -ον reliable certainβεβαιόω I confirm establishβεβαίωσις -εως ἡ confirmation certaintyβέβαμμαι βάπτωβέβηλος -ον profane godless

worldlyβεβηλόω I desecrate profaneβέβληκα βάλλωβέβλημαι βάλλωβέβρωκα βιβρώσκωΒεελζεβούλ ὁ BeelzebubΒελιάρ ὁ Belialβελόνη -ης ἡ needleβέλος -ους τό arrowβελτίων -ον better wellΒενιαμίν ὁ BenjaminΒερνίκη -ης ἡ BerniceΒέροια -ας ἡ BeroeaΒεροιαῖος -α -ον BeroeanΒέρος -ου ὁ BerusΒεώρ ὁ BeorΒηδσαϊδά ἡ BedsaidaΒηζαθά ἡ BezathaΒηθαβαρά ἡ BethabaraΒηθανία -ας ἡ BethanyΒηθεσδά ἡ BethesdaΒηθζαθά ἡ BethzathaΒηθλέεμ ἡ BethlehemΒηθσαϊδά ἡ BethsaidaΒηθφαγή ἡ Bethphageβῆμα -ατος τό judgment seat stepβήρυλλος -ου ὁ ἡ berylβία -ας ἡ force violenceβιάζομαι I inflict violenceβίαιος -α -ον violent forcibleβιαστής -οῦ ὁ violent personβιβλαρίδιον -ου τό little bookβιβλίον -ου τό book scrollβίβλος -ου ἡ bookβιβρώσκω I eat consumeΒιθυνία -ας ἡ Bithyniaβίος -ου ὁ lifeβιόω I liveβίωσις -εως ἡ manner of lifeβιωτικός -ή -όν of daily life ordinaryβλαβερός -ά -όν harmful

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βλάπτω I harm injureβλαστάνω I sprout put forthΒλάστος -ου ὁ Blastusβλασφημέω I blaspheme slanderβλασφημία -ας ἡ blasphemy slanderβλάσφημος -ον blasphemousβλέμμα -ατος τό glance lookβλέπω I see lookβλητέος -α -ον must be putΒοανηργές Boanergesβοάω I shout cry outΒόες ὁ Boazβοή -ῆς ἡ shout cryβοήθεια -ας ἡ help aid supportβοηθέω I help aidβοηθός -όν helpful helperβόθυνος -ου ὁ pit ditchβολή -ῆς ἡ a throwβολίζω I take soundingsΒόος ὁ Boazβόρβορος -ου ὁ mud slime filthβορρᾶς -ᾶ ὁ northβόσκω I feed tend grazeΒοσόρ ὁ Bosorβοτάνη -ης ἡ plant herb fodderβότρυς -υος ὁ grapesβουλευτής -οῦ ὁ council memberβουλεύω I resolve deliberateβουλή -ῆς ἡ decision purposeβούλημα -ατος τό intention desireβούλομαι I desire intend wantβουνός -οῦ ὁ hillβοῦς βοός ὁ ἡ cattleβραβεῖον -ου τό prize rewardβραβεύω I control rule decideβραδύνω I hesitate delayβραδυπλοέω I sail slowlyβραδύς -εῖα -ύ slowβραδύτης -ητος ἡ slownessβραχίων -ονος ὁ arm powerβραχύς -εῖα ύ few littleβρέφος -ους τό unborn babyβρέχω I wet send rainβροντή -ῆς ἡ thunderβροχή -ῆς ἡ rainβρόχος -ου ὁ noose restrainβρυγμός -οῦ ὁ gnashing of teethβρύχω I gnashβρύω I pour forthβρῶμα -ατος τό foodβρώσιμος -ον eatable

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βρῶσις -εως ἡ eating meal foodβυθίζω I sinkβυθός -οῦ ὁ depth deep seaβυρσεύς -έως ὁ tannerβύσσινος -η -ον cloth of fine linenβύσσος -ου ἡ fine linenβωμός -ου ὁ altarΓΓαββαθᾶ GabbathaΓαβριήλ ὁ Gabrielγάγγραινα -ης ἡ gangrene cancerΓάδ ὁ GadΓαδαρηνός -ή -όν GadareneΓάζα -ης ἡ Gazaγάζα -ης ἡ treasuryγαζοφυλάκιον -ου τό treasuryΓάϊος -ου ὁ Gaiusγάλα -ακτος τό milkΓαλάτης -ου ὁ GalatianΓαλατία -ας ἡ GalatiaΓαλατικός -ή -όν Galatianγαλήνη -ης ἡ calmΓαλιλαία -ας ἡ GalileeΓαλιλαῖος -α -ον GalileanΓαλλίων -ωνος ὁ GallioΓαμαλιήλ ὁ Gamalielγαμέω I marryγαμίζω I marryγαμίσκω I give in marriageγάμος -ου ὁ marriageγάρ for then becauseγαστήρ -τρός ἡ belly gluttonγέ indeed evenγεγένημαι γίνομαιγέγονα γίνομαιγέγραμμαι γράφωΓεδεών ὁ Gideonγέεννα -ης ἡ Gehenna hellΓεθσημανί Gethsemaneγείτων -ονος ὁ ἡ neighborγελάω I laughγέλως -ωτος ὁ laughterγεμίζω I fillγέμω I am fullγενεά -ᾶς ἡ family generationγενεαλογέω I am descended fromγενεαλογία -ας ἡ genealogyγενέσια -ων τά birthday celebrationγένεσις -εως ἡ birth originγενετή -ῆς ἡ birthγένημα -ατος τό product fruit yield

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γενήσομαι γίνομαιγεννάω I begetγέννημα -ατος τό child offspringΓεννησαρέτ ἡ Gennesaretγεννητός -ή όν begotten bornγένος -ους τό descendant nationΓερασηνός -ή -όν from Gerasaγερουσία -ας ἡ council of eldersγέρων -οντος ὁ old manγεύομαι I taste eatγεωργέω I cultivateγεώργιον -ου τό cultivated land fieldγεωργός -οῦ ὁ farmerγῆ γῆς ἡ land ground earthγῆρας -ως τό old ageγηράσκω I grow oldγίνομαι I become am createdγινώσκω I know learnγλεύκος -ους τό sweet wineγλυκύς -εῖα -ύ sweetγλῶσσα -ης ἡ tongue languageγλωσσόκομον -ου τό money box containerγναφεύς -έως ὁ bleacher fullerγνήσιος -α -ον genuine legitimateγνησίως genuinely sincerelyγνόφος -ου ὁ darknessγνώμη -ης ἡ intention opinionγνωρίζω I know make knownγνῶσις -εως ἡ knowledgeγνώσομαι γινώσκωγνώστης -ου ὁ expert one who knowsγνωστός -ή -όν known acquaintedγογγύζω grumble murmurγογγυσμός -οῦ ὁ complaint whisperingγογγυστής -οῦ ὁ grumbler complainerγόης -ητος ὁ impostor sorcererΓολγοθᾶ ἡ GolgothaΓόμορρα -ων τά Gomorrahγόμος -ου ὁ load cargoγονεύς -έως ὁ parentγόνυ -ατος τό kneeγονυπετέω I kneelγράμμα -ατος τό letter documentγραμματεύς -έως ὁ scribe scholarγραπτός -ή -όν writtenγραφή -ῆς ἡ Scripture writingγράφω I writeγραώδης -ες of old womenγρηγορέω I stay awake alertγυμνάζω I train disciplineγυμνασία -ας ἡ physical training

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γυμνιτεύω I wear ragsγυμνός -ή -όν nakedγυμνότης -ητος ἡ nakednessγυναικάριον -ου τό foolish woman sillyγυναικεῖος -α -ον feminine femaleγυνή -αικός ἡ woman wifeΓώγ ὁ Gogγωνία -ας ἡ cornerΔδαιμονίζομαι I am demon possessedδαιμόνιον -ου τό demon evil spiritδαιμονιώδης -ες demonicδαίμων -ονος ὁ demon evil spiritδάκνω I bite harmδάκρυον -ου τό tearδακρύω I weep cryδακτύλιος -ου ὁ ringδάκτυλος -ου ὁ fingerΔαλμανουθά ἡ DalmanuthaΔαλματία -ας ἡ Dalmatiaδαμάζω I subdue tameδάμαλις -εως ἡ heifer young cowΔάμαρις -ιδος ἡ DamarisΔαμασκηνός -ή -όν DamascusceneΔαμασκός -οῦ ἡ Damascusδανείζω I lend borrowδάνειον -ου τό loan debtδανειστής -οῦ ὁ moneylender creditorΔανιήλ ὁ Danielδαπανάω I spend wasteδαπάνη -ης ἡ expense costΔαυίδ ὁ Davidδέ but andδέδεγμαι δέχομαιδέδειχα δείκνυμιδεδίωγμαι διώκωδέδομαι δίδωμιδέδωκα δίδωμιδέησις -εως ἡ plea entreatyδεῖ it is necessary shouldδεῖγμα -ατος τό example proofδειγματίζω I disgrace exposeδείκνυμι I show point outδειλία -ας ἡ cowardiceδειλιάω I am timid cowardlyδειλός -ή -όν cowardly timidδεῖνα ὁ ἡ τό somebodyδεινῶς terriblyδείξω δείκνυμιδειπνέω I eat dineδεῖπνον -ου τό dinner supper

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δεισιδαιμονία -ας ἡ religion revering Godδεισιδαίμων -ον superstitious religiousδέκα tenδεκαοκτώ eighteenδεκαπέντε fifteenΔεκάπολις -εως ἡ Decapolisδεκατέσσαρες fourteenδέκατος -η -ον tenthδεκατόω I receive tithesδεκτός -ή -όν acceptable welcomeδελεάζω I lure enticeδένδρον -ου τό treeδεξιολάβος -ου ὁ bowmanδεξιός -ά -όν right hand right sideδέομαι I ask pleadδέος -ους τό fear aweΔερβαῖος -α -ον from DerbeΔέρβη -ης ἡ Derbeδέρμα -ατος τό skinδερμάτινος -η -ον leatherδέρω I whip strikeδεσμεύω I bind tie upδέσμη -ης ἡ bundleδέσμιος -ου ὁ prisonerδεσμός -οῦ ὁ chain fetterδεσμοφύλαξ -ακος ὁ jailer prison guardδεσμωτήριον -ου τό prison jailδεσμώτης -ου ὁ prisonerδεσπότης -ου ὁ ruler ownerδεῦρο here until nowδεῦτε come come onδευτεραῖος -α -ον second dayδεύτερος -α -ον secondδέχομαι I receive takeδέω I bind tie restrictδή then nowδῆλος -η -ον clear evident plainδηλόω I reveal make clearΔημᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Demasδημηγορέω make a speechΔημήτριος -ου ὁ Demetriusδημιουργός -οῦ ὁ builder creatorδῆμος -ου ὁ people crowdδημόσιος -α -ον publicδηνάριον -ου τό denarius coinδήπου surely indeedδιά through during (Gen)διά on account of because

of (Acc)διαβαίνω I go through crossδιαβάλλω I accuse

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διαβεβαιόομαι I insistδιαβλέπω I see clearlyδιάβολος -ον slanderer Devilδιαγγέλλω I proclaim give noticeδιαγίνομαι I pass (time) elapseδιαγινώσκω I decide a caseδιάγνωσις -εως ἡ deciding a caseδιαγογγύζω I grumble complainδιαγρηγορέω I keep awakeδιάγω I behaveδιαδέχομαι I receive succeed toδιάδημα -ατος τό diadem crownδιαδίδωμι I distribute giveδιάδοχος -ου ὁ successorδιαζώννυμι I gird tie aroundδιαθήκη -ης ἡ testament covenantδιαθήσω διατίθημιδιαίρεσις -εως ἡ division distributionδιαιρέω I divide distributeδιακαθαίρω I clean outδιακαθαρίζω I clean outδιακατελέγχομαι I refuteδιακονέω I serve wait uponδιακονία -ας ἡ serviceδιάκονος -ου ὁ ἡ servant deaconδιακόσιοι -αι -α two hundredδιακούω I hear a legal caseδιακρίνω I judge differentiateδιάκρισις -εως ἡ distinguishing quarrelδιακωλύω I preventδιαλαλέω I converse discussδιαλέγομαι I discuss argueδιαλείπω I cease stopδιάλεκτος -ου ἡ languageδιαλλάσσομαι I am reconciledδιαλογίζομαι I reason considerδιαλογισμός -οῦ ὁ thought reasoningδιαλύω I scatter destroyδιαμαρτύρομαι I testify warnδιαμάχομαι I protestδιαμεμένηκα διαμένωδιαμένω I remain continueδιαμερίζω I divide distributeδιαμερισμός -οῦ ὁ division dissensionδιανέμω I distribute spreadδιανεύω I nod gestureδιανόημα -ατος τό thoughtδιάνοια -ας ἡ understanding mindδιανοίγω I open explainδιανυκτερεύω I spend the nightδιανύω I complete finish

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διαπαρατριβή -ῆς ἡ constant irritationδιαπεράω I cross overδιαπλέω I sail acrossδιαπονέομαι I am irked annoyedδιαπορεύομαι I pass throughδιαπορέω I am perplexedδιαπραγματεύομαι I gain earnδιαπρίω I am furiousδιαρπάζω I plunderδιαρπάσω διαρπάζωδιαρρήγνυμι I rip shatterδιασαφέω I report explainδιασείω I extortδιασκορπίζω I scatter disperseδιασπάω I tear apartδιασπείρω I scatterδιασπορά -ᾶς ἡ scattered Jewsδιαστέλλω I order commandδιάστημα -ατος τό intervalδιαστολή -ῆς ἡ difference distinctionδιαστρέφω I pervert misleadδιασῴζω I rescue save healδιαταγή -ῆς ἡ ordinanceδιάταγμα -ατος τό edict commandδιατάξω διατάσσωδιαταράσσω I confuse am troubledδιατάσσω I order commandδιατελέω I remain continueδιατέταγμαι διατάσσωδιατέταχα διατάσσωδιατηρέω I keepδιατίθημι I decree ordainδιατρίβω I stay remainδιατροφή -ῆς ἡ support foodδιαυγάζω I shine throughδιαυγής -ές transparent pureδιαφέρω I carry through spreadδιαφεύγω I escapeδιαφημίζω I spread newsδιαφθείρω I spoil destroyδιαφθορά -ᾶς ἡ corruption decayδιάφορος -ον different variedδιαφυλάσσω I guard protectδιαχειρίζω I kill seize and killδιαχλευάζω I mockδιαχωρίζω I separate departδιδακτικός -ή -όν able to teachδιδακτός -ή -όν instructed taughtδιδασκαλία -ας ἡ teaching instructionδιδάσκαλος -ου ὁ teacherδιδάσκω I teach

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διδαχή -ῆς ἡ teaching instructionδίδραχμον -ου τό two-drachma coinΔίδυμος -ου ὁ Didymusδίδωμι I give payδιεβλήθην διαβάλλωδιέβην διαβαίνωδιεγείρω I wake upδιεγενόμην διαγίνομαιδιεδεξάμην διαδέχομαιδιέδωκα διαδίδωμιδιέζωσα διαζώννυμιδιέζωσμαι διαζώννυμιδιέθηκα διατίθημιδιεῖλον διαιρέωδιελεξάμην διαλέγομαιδιελεύσομαι διέρχομαιδιελέχθην διαλέγομαιδιελήλυθα διέρχομαιδιέμεινα διαμένωδιενθυμέομαι I ponder think aboutδιέξοδος -ου ἡ street crossingδιερμηνευτής -οῦ ὁ translator interpreterδιερμηνεύω I translate interpretδιέρρηξα διαρρήγνυμιδιέρχομαι I go through crossδιερωτάω I learn by askingδιεσάφησα διασαφέωδιέστησα διΐστημιδιέστραμμαι διαστρέφωδιέταξα διατάσσωδιετάχθην διατάσσωδιετής -ές two years oldδιετία -ας ἡ two-year periodδιηγέομαι I tell relate describeδιήγησις -εως ἡ narrativeδιῆλθον διέρχομαιδιηνεκής -ές continuous alwaysδιήνεγκα διαφέρωδιήνοιγμα διανοίγωδιήνοιξα διανοίγωδιηνοίχθην διανοίγωδιήνυσα διανύωδιήρπασα διαρπάζωδιθάλασσος -ον sand bank reefδιϊκνέομαι I penetrate pierceδιΐστημι I go away partδιϊσχυρίζομαι I insistδικαιοκρισία -ας ἡ righteous judgmentδίκαιος -α -ον righteous justδικαιοσύνη -ης ἡ righteousness justiceδικαιόω I show justice

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vindicateδικαίωμα -ατος τό regulation righteous

actδικαίως justly uprightlyδικαίωσις -εως ἡ justification acquittalδικαστής -οῦ ὁ judgeδίκη -ης ἡ penalty Justiceδίκτυον -ου τό fishing netδίλογος -ον hypocriticalδιό thereforeδιοδεύω I go travel throughΔιονύσιος -ου ὁ Dionysiusδιόπερ thereforeδιοπετής ές image fallen from

heavenδιόρθωμα -ατος τό reformδιόρθωσις -εως ἡ improvementδιορύσσω I break in dig throughΔιόσκουροι -ων οἱ Dioscuriδιότι because thatΔιοτρέφης -ους ὁ Diotrephesδιπλοῦς -ῆ οῦν doubleδιπλόω I doubleδίς twiceδισμυριάς -άδος ἡ double myriad 20000διστάζω I doubt hesitateδίστομος -ον double-edgedδισχίλιοι -αι -α two thousandδιϋλίζω I filter out strain outδιχάζω I separateδιχοστασία -ας ἡ dissension discordδιχοτομέω I cut in two punishδιψάω I am thirsty thirstδίψος -ους τό thirstδίψυχος -ον doubtingδιωγμός -οῦ ὁ persecutionδιώκτης -ου ὁ persecutorδιώκω I pursue persecuteδιώξω διώκωδόγμα -ατος τό decree doctrine lawδογματίζω I obey rulesδοκέω I suppose considerδοκιμάζω I test examineδοκιμασία -ας ἡ testing examinationδοκιμή -ῆς ἡ test ordealδοκίμιον -ου τό testing genuineδόκιμος -ον tested genuineδοκός -οῦ ἡ wooden beamδόλιος -α -ον deceitful treacherousδολιόω I deceiveδόλος -ου ὁ deceit treachery

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δολόω I falsifyδόμα -ατος τό giftδόξα -ης ἡ glory splendor praiseδοξάζω I praise honorΔορκάς -άδος ἡ Dorcas gazelleδόσις -εως ἡ giftδότης -ου ὁ giverδουλαγωγέω I enslave subjugateδουλεία -ας ἡ slaveryδουλεύω I am enslaved serveδούλη -ης ἡ female slaveδοῦλος -η -ον slavish servileδοῦλος -ου ὁ slave servantδουλόω I enslave subjugateδοχή -ῆς ἡ banquetδράκων -οντος ὁ dragon serpentδράσσομαι I catch trapδραχμή -ῆς ἡ drachma coinδρέπανον -ου τό sickleδρόμος -ου ὁ course raceΔρούσιλλα -ης ἡ Drusillaδύναμαι I can am ableδύναμις -εως ἡ power might abilityδυναμόω I enable strengthenδυνάστης -ου ὁ ruler officialδυνατέω I am strong ableδυνατός -ή -όν powerful strongδύνω I go downδύο twoδυσβάστακτος -ον difficultδυσεντέριον ου τό dysenteryδυσερμήνευτος -ον hard to explainδύσις -εως ἡ west setting (sun)δύσκολος -ον hard difficultδυσκόλως with difficultyδυσμή -ῆς ἡ west setting (sun)δυσνόητος -ον hard to understandδυσφημέω I slanderδυσφημία -ας ἡ slanderδώδεκα twelveδωδέκατος -η -ον twelfthδωδεκάφυλον -ου τό twelve tribesδῶμα -ατος τό roof housetopδωρεά -ᾶς ἡ gift gratisδωρεάν as a gift gratisδωρέομαι I give presentδώρημα -ατος τό gift presentδῶρον -ου τό gift presentδώσω δίδωμιΕἔα ah ha

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ἐάν if whenἐάνπερ if indeedἑαυτοῦ -ῆς -οῦ himself herself itselfἐάω I allow permit letἔβαλον βάλλωἐβδέλυγμαι βδελύσσομαιἑβδομήκοντα seventyἑβδομηκοντάκις seventy timesἕβδομος -η -ον seventhἜβερ ὁ Eberἔβλαψα βλάπτωἐβλήθην βάλλωἙβραϊκός -ή -όν Hebrew Ἑβραῖος -ου ὁ HebrewἙβραΐς -ΐδος ἡ HebrewἙβαϊστί Hebrew languageἔβρεξα βρέχωἐγαμήθην γαμέωἐγάμησα γαμέωἐγενήθην γίνομαιἐγενόμην γίνομαιἐγγίζω I come nearἐγγιῶ ἐγγίζωἐγγράφω I record write inἔγγυος -ου ὁ guarantor guaranteeἐγγύς near closeἐγείρω I raise wake riseἔγερσις -εως ἡ resurrectionἐγήγερμαι ἐγείρωἐγκάθετος -ον spyἐγκαίνια -ων τά festival of

Rededicationἐγκαινίζω I renew dedicateἐγκακέω I am tired despairἐγκαλέω I accuse chargeἐγκαταλείπω I forsake abandonἐγκατοικέω I live dwellἐγκαυχάομαι I boastἐγκεντρίζω I graftἔγκλημα -ατος τό charge accusationἐγκομβόομαι I dress put onἐγκοπή -ῆς ἡ hindrance obstacleἐγκόπτω I hinder preventἐγκράτεια -ας ἡ self-control chastityἐγκρατεύομαι I abstain have self-

controlἐγκρατής -ές disciplinedἐγκρίνω I classifyἐγκρύπτω I put into hideἔγκυος -ον pregnantἔγνων γινώσκω

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ἐγνώσθην γινώσκωἔγνώσμαι γινώσκωἐγράφην γράφωἐγχρίω I rub onἐγώ ἐμοῦ ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν Iweεδάρην δέρωἐδαφίζω I raze to the groundἔδαφος -ους τό groundἔδειξα δείκνυμιἔδειρα δέρωἐδείχθην δείκνυμιἐδέξαμην δέχομαιἔδησα δέωἐδίστασα διστάζωἐδίωξα διώκωἐδιώχθην διώκωἐδόθην δίδωμιἑδραῖος -α -ον firm steadfastἑδραίωμα -ατος τό foundation supportἔδραμον τρέχωἔδωκα δίδωμιἙζεκίας -ου ὁ Hezekiahἔζησα ζάωἔζωσα ζώννυμιἔθαψα θάπτωἐθελοθρησκία -ας ἡ self-imposed teacherἔθηκα τίθημιἔθιγον θιγγάνωἐθίζω I am accustomedἐθνάρχης -ου ὁ ethnarch officialἐθνικός -ή -όν Gentile heathenἐθνικῶς like a heathenἔθνος -ους τό nation heathen

Gentilesἔθος -ους τό habit customἔθρεψα τρέφωεἰ if since thatεἴασα ἐάωεἰδέα -ας ἡ appearance formεἰδήσω οἶδαεἶδον I sawεἶδος -ους τό form sightεἰδωλεῖον -ου τό idolrsquos templeεἰδωλόθυτος -ον idol offeringεἰδωλολάτρης -ου ὁ idol worshiperεἰδωλολατρία -ας ἡ idolatryεἴδωλον -ου τό idol imageεἰκῇ without cause

purposelessεἴκοσι twentyεἴκω I yield

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εἰκών -όνος ἡ image likenessεἷλα αἱρέωεἴληφα λαμβάνωεἰλικρίνεια -ας ἡ sincerity purityεἰλικρινής ές pure sincere unmixedεἵλκυσα ἕλκωεἵλκωμαι ἕλκωεἰμί I am exist happenεἶξα εἴκωεἴπερ if indeedεἶπον I said (λέγω)εἴργασμαι ἐργάζομαιεἴρηκα λέγωεἴρημαι λέγωεἰρηνεύω I live peacefullyεἰρήνη -ης ἡ peaceεἰρηνικός -ή -όν peacefulεἰρηνοποιέω I make peaceεἰρηνοποιός -οῦ ὁ peace-makerεἰς into toward for (Acc)εἷς μία ἕν oneεἰσάγω I bring in lead intoεἰσακούω I obey hearεἰσδέχομαι I receiveεἴσειμι I go in enterεἰσδέξομαι εἰσδέχομαιεἰσέδραμον εἰστρέχωεἰσελεύσομαι εἰσέρχομαιεἰσελήλυθα εἰσέρχομαιεἰσέρχομαι I enter comego intoεἰσήγαγον εἰσάγωεἰσῆλθον εἰσέρχομαιεἰσήνεγκα εἰσφέρωεἰσκαλέομαι I inviteεἴσοδος -ου ἡ entering entranceεἰσπηδάω I rush in leap inεἰσπορεύομαι I go into enterεἰστρέχω I run intoεἰσφέρω I bring in carry inεἶτα then next afterwardsεἴτε ifεἴωθα accustomedἐκ from out by (Gen)ἔκαμον κάμνωἕκαστος -η -ον each everyἑκάστοτε alwaysἑκατόν one hundredἑκατονταετής -ές a hundred yearsἑκατονταπλασίων-ον

hundred fold

ἑκατοντάρχης -ου ὁ centurion

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ἐκβαίνω I go out come fromἐκβάλλω I drive out expelἔκβασις -εως ἡ end a way outἐκβολή -ῆς ἡ throwing outἐκγαμίζω I marryἔκγονος -ον grandchildἐκδαπανάω I exhaust spendἐκδέχομαι I expect wait forἔκδηλος -ον plain easily knownἐκδημέω I journey get awayἐκδίδωμι I rent out leaseἐκδιηγέομαι I tell fullyἐκδικέω I avenge punishἐκδίκησις -εως ἡ revenge punishmentἔκδικος -ον punisherἐκδιώκω I persecuteἔκδοτος -ον delivered up betrayedἐκδοχή -ῆς ἡ expectationἐκδύω I strip take offἐκδώσω ἐκδίδωμιἐκεῖ there in that placeἐκεῖθεν from thereἐκεῖνος -η -ο that (one)ἐκεῖσε there that placeἐκερδήθην κερδαίνωἐκέρδησα κερδαίνωἐκζητέω I search seek outἐκζήτησις -εως ἡ speculationἐκήρυξα κηρύσσωἐκηρύχθην κηρύσσωἐκθαμβέω I am amazed alarmedἔκθαμβος -ον astonishedἐκθαυμάζω I am amazedἔκθετος -ον exposed abandonedἐκκαθαίρω I cleanse clean outἐκκαίω I kindleἐκκεντέω I pierceἐκκέχυμαι ἐκχέωἐκκλάω I break offἐκκλείω I excludeἐκκλησία -ας ἡ congregation

assemblyἐκκλίνω I turn awayἐκκολυμβάω I swim awayἐκκομίζω I carry outἐκκόπτω I cut down removeἐκκρεμάννυμι I hang uponἐκλαλέω I tellἐκλάμπω I shine blazeἐκλανθάνομαι I forgetἐκλέγομαι I choose select

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ἐκλείπω I fail departἐκλείψω ἐκλείπωἐκλεκτός -ή -όν chosen selectἔκλεψα κλέπτωἐκλήθην καλέωἐκλογή -ῆς ἡ selection electionἐκλύω I am wearyἐκμάσσω I wipeἐκμυκτρίζω I ridicule sneerἐκνεύω I turn aside withdrawἐκνήφω I become soberἐκορέσθην κορέννυμιἑκούσιος -α -ον voluntary willingἑκουσίως willingly intentionallyἔκοψα κόπτωἔκπαλαι long agoἐκπειράζω I test temptἐκπέμπω I send outἐκπέπτωκα ἐκπίπτωἐκπερισσῶς excessivelyἐκπετάννυμι I stretch outἐκπηδάω I rush get up quicklyἐκπίπτω I fall from forsakeἐκπλέω I sail away fromἐκπληρόω I fulfill completeἐκπλήρωσις -εως ἡ completionἐκπλήσσω I am amazedἐκπνέω I expire dieἐκπορεύομαι I go out departἐκπορνεύω I indulgeἐκπτύω I spit disdainἐκρέμασα κρεμάννυμιἐκρεμάσθην κρεμάννυμιἐκριζόω I uproot destroyἐκρίθην κρίνωἔκρυψα κρύπτωἔκστασις -εως ἡ amazement tranceἐκστρέφω I pervert am corruptἐκταράσσω I agitate stir upἐκτείνω I stretch outἐκτελέω I finish completeἐκτένεια -ας ἡ earnestnessἐκτενής ές eager earnestἐκτενῶς eagerly constantlyἐκτίθημι I expose put outἐκτινάσσω I shake outἔκτισα κτίζωἐκτίσθην κτίζωἔκτισμαι κτίζωἕκτος -η -ον sixthἐκτός outside

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ἐκτρέπω I turn awayἐκτρέφω I nourish rearἔκτρωμα -ατος τό untimely birthἔκυψα κύπτωἐκφέρω I carry out lead growἐκφεύγω I flee escapeἐκφοβέω I frighten terrifyἔκφοβος -ον terrifiedἐκφύω I put forth sproutἐκχέω I pour out scatterἐκχωρέω I departἐκψύχω I dieἑκών -οῦσα -όν willinglyἔλαβον λαμβάνωἔλαθον λανθάνωἐλαία -ας ἡ olive treeἔλαιον -ου τό olive oilἐλαιών -ῶνος ὁ olive groveἘλαμίτης -ου ὁ Elamiteἔλαμψα λάμπωἐλάσσων -ον smaller inferiorἐλαττονέω I have too littleἐλαττόω I diminishἐλαύνω I drive rowἐλαφρία -ας ἡ fickle vacillationἐλαφρός -ά -όν light quick fickleἐλάχιστος -η -ον small leastἔλαχον λαγχάνωἘλεάζαρ ὁ Eleazarἐλεάω I show mercyἐλεγμός -οῦ ὁ rebuke punishmentἔλεγξις -εως ἡ rebuke convictionἐλέγξω ἐλέγχωἔλεγχος -ου ὁ proof evidence forἐλέγχω I rebuke exposeἐλεεινός -ή -όν pitiableἐλεέω I have mercy pityἐλεημοσύνη -ης ἡ alms kind deedἐλεήμων -ον merciful sympatheticἔλεος -ους τό mercy compassionἐλευθερία -ας ἡ freedom libertyἐλεύθερος -α -ον freeἐλευθερόω I free set freeἔλευσις -εως ἡ coming adventἐλεύσομαι ἔρχομαιἐλεφάντινος -η -ον made of ivoryἐλήλυθα ἔρχομαιἘλιακίμ ὁ EliakimἘλιέζερ ὁ Eliezerἑλίξω ἑλίσσωἘλιούδ ὁ Eliud

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Ἐλισάβετ ἡ ElizabethἘλισαῖος -ου ὁ Elishaἑλίσσω I roll upἕλκος -ους τό woundἑλκόω I cause sores ulcersἕλκω I pull dragἙλλάς -άδος ἡ GreeceἝλλην -ηνος ὁ a GreekἙλληνικός -ή -όν GreekἙλληνίς -ίδος ἡ GreekἙλληνιστής -οῦ ὁ HellenistἙλληνιστί in Greekἐλλογέω I charge to someoneἘλμαδάμ ὁ Elmadamἐλπίζω I hope expectἐλπίς -ίδος ἡ hopeἘλύμας -α ὁ Elymasἐλωΐ my Godἔμαθον μανθάνωἐματαιώθην ματαιόωἐμαυτοῦ -ῆς myselfἐμβαίνω I embark go inἐμβάλλω I throwἐμβάπτω I dipἐμβατεύω I enter visitἐμβιβάζω I put in cause to

embarkἐμβλέπω I look at gaze onἐμβριμάομαι I insist scold warnἔμεινα μένωἐμέω I vomit spit outἐμιάνθην μιαίνωἔμιξα μίγνυμιἐμμαίνομαι I am enragedἘμμανουήλ ὁ EmmanuelἘμμαοῦς ἡ Emmausἐμμένω I remain stayἙμμώρ ὁ Hamorἐμνήσθην μιμνῄσκομαιἐμός -ή -όν mineἐμπαιγμονή -ῆς ἡ mockeryἐμπαιγμός -οῦ ὁ mockery scornἐμπαίζω I mock trickἐμπαίκτης -ου ὁ mockerἐμπεριπατέω I walk aboutἐμπίμπλημι I enjoy fill satisfyἐμπίμπρημι I burn set on fireἐμπίπτω I fall intoἐμπλέκω I entangleἐμπλοκή -ῆς ἡ braidἐμπνέω I breathe inspire

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ἐμπορεύομαι I trade do businessἐμπορία -ας ἡ business tradeἐμπόριον -ου τό marketἔμπορος -ου ὁ merchantἔμπροσθεν in front of aheadἐμπτύω I spit onἐμφανής ές visible well knownἐμφανίζω I reveal make knownἔμφοβος -ον afraid startledἐμφυσάω I breathe onἔμφυτος -ον implantedἐμώρανα μωραίνωἐμώρανθην μωραίνωἐν in with by (Dat)ἐναγκαλίζομαι I embrace take in armsἐνάλιος -ον sea-dwelling sea

creatureἔναντι before in front ofἐναντίον beforeἐναντίος -α -ον against opposedἐνάρχομαι I beginἔνατος -η -ον ninthἐνδεής -ές poor impoverishedἔνδειγμα -ατος τό evidence proofἐνδείκνυμι I demonstrate showἔνδειξις -εως ἡ sign omenἕνδεκα elevenἑνδέκατος -η -ον eleventhἐνδέχομαι I am possibleἐνδημέω I am at homeἐνδιδύσκω I dress put onἔνδικος -ον just right deservedἐνδοξάζομαι I am glorified honoredἔνδοξος -ον honored gloriousἔνδυμα -ατος τό garment clothingἐνδυναμόω I strengthen make ableἐνδύνω I sneak inἔνδυσις -εως ἡ wearingἐνδύω I dress clotheἐνδώμησις -εως ἡ foundationἐνέβαψα ἐμβάπτωἐνέβην ἐμβαίνωἐνεδειξάμην ἐνδείκνυμιἐνέδρα -ας ἡ ambush plotἐνεδρεύω I lie in wait plotἐνειλέω I wrap up confineἔνειμι I am inἕνεκα on account of becauseἐνεκέντρισα ἐγκεντρίζωἐνεκεντρίσθην ἐγκεντρίζωἐνεκομβωσάμην ἐγκομβόομαι

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ἐνέκοψα ἐγκόπτωἐνενήκοντα ninetyἐνεός -ά -όν speechlessἐνεπλάκην ἐμπλέκωἐνέπλησα ἐμπίμπλημιἐνεπλήσθην ἐμπίμπλημιἐνέπτυσα ἐμπτύωἐνέργεια -ας ἡ working actionἐνεργέω I work functionἐνέργημα -ατος τό deed activityἐνεργής -ές effective activeἐνέστηκα ἐνίστημιἐνετύλιξα ἐντυλίσσωἐνέτυχον ἐντυγχάνωἐνευλογέω I blessἐνεφάνισα ἐμφανίζωἐνεφύσησα ἐμφυσάωἐνέχρισα ἐγχρίωἐνέχω I grudge am hostile toἐνηρξάμην ἐνάρχομαιἔνηψα νήφωἐνθάδε hereἔνθεν from hereἐνθυμέομαι I think considerἐνθύμησις -εως ἡ thoughtἔνι there isἐνιαυτός -οῦ ὁ year eraἐνίστημι I have come impendἐνισχύω I strengthenἔνιψα νίπτωἐννέα nineἐννεύω I signal gestureἔννοια -ας ἡ thought insightἔννομος -ον legal lawfulἔννυχος -ον at nightἐνοικέω I dwell in liveἐνορκίζω I swear adjureἑνότης -ητος ἡ unityἐνοχλέω I trouble afflictἔνοχος -ον liable guiltyἐνστήσω ἐνίστημιἔνταλμα -ατος τό commandmentἐνταφιάζω I prepare for burialἐνταφιασμός -οῦ ὁ burial preparationἐντέλλομαι I order commandἐντετύλιγμαι ἐντυλίσσωἐντεῦθεν from hereἔντευξις -εως ἡ petition requestἔντιμος -ον honored preciousἐντολή -ῆς ἡ commandmentἐντόπιος -α -ον local inhabiting

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ἐντός inside within amongἐντρέπω I shame respectἐντρέφω I rear trainἔντρομος -ον tremblingἐντροπή -ῆς ἡ shameἐντρυφάω I revel carouseἐντυγχάνω I petition pray appealἐντυλίσσω I wrap upἐντυπόω I engraveἐνυβρίζω I insult outrageἔνυξα νύσσωἐνυπνιάζομαι I dreamἐνύπνιον -ου τό dreamἐνύσταξα νυστάζωἐνῴκησα ἐνοικέωἐνώπιον before in front of

(Gen)Ἐνώς ὁ Enosἐνωτίζομαι I pay attentionἙνώχ ὁ Enochἕξ sixἐξαγγέλλω I proclaimἐξαγοράζω I buy up redeemἐξάγω I lead out bring outἐξαιρέω I take out set freeἐξαίρω I remove excludeἐξαιτέω I ask demandἐξαίφνης suddenly immediatelyἐξακολουθέω I follow obeyἑξακόσιοι -αι -α six hundredἐξαλείφω I wipe away eraseἐξάλλομαι I jump upἐξανάστασις -εως ἡ resurrectionἐξανατέλλω I spring upἐξανίστημι I raise up stand upἐξαπατάω I deceive cheatἐξάπινα suddenly immediatelyἐξαπορέομαι I doubt despairἐξαποστέλλω I send outἐξαρτίζω I finish completeἐξαστράπτω I glisten flashἐξαυτῆς immediately at onceἐξέβαλον ἐκβάλλωἐξέβην ἐκβαίνωἐξεβλήθην ἐκβάλλωἐξεγείρω I awaken raise upἐξεδίκησα ἐκδικέωἐξεδίωξα ἐκδιώκωἐξέδωκα ἐκδίδωμιἐξεζητήθην ἐκζητέωἐξεζήτησα ἐκζητέω

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ἐξέθηκα ἐκτίθημιἐξεῖλον ἐξαιρέωἔξειμι I go out go awayἐξεκόπην ἐκκόπτωἐξέκοψα ἐκκόπτωἐξελάλησα ἐκλαλέωἐξελεύσομαι ἐξέρχομαιἐξελήλυθα ἐξέρχομαιἐξέλιπον ἐκλείπωἐξέλκω I lureἐξέμαξα ἐκμάσσωἐξένηψα ἐκνήφωἐξέπεσον ἐκπίπτωἐξεπλάγην ἐκπλήσσωἐξέραμα -ατος τό vomitἐξεραυνάω I inquire seek

diligentlyἐξέρχομαι I go out pass awayἐξέστηκα ἐξίστημιἐξέστησα ἐξίστημιἔξεστι it is permitted properἐξέστραμμαι ἐκστρέφωἐξετάζω I inquire examineἐξέτεινα ἐκτείνωἐξετίναξα ἐκτινάσσωἐξετράπην ἐκτρέπωἐξεχύθην ἐκχέωἐξήγγειλα ἐξαγγέλλωἐξήγειρα ἐξεγείρωἐξηγέομαι I explain interpretἐξηγησάμην ἐξηγέομαιἐξηγόρασα ἐξαγοράζωἑξήκοντα sixtyἐξῆλθον ἐξέρχομαιἐξήνεγκα ἐκφέρωἐξήραμμαι ξηραίνωἐξήρανα ξηραίνωἐξήρανθην ξηραίνωἐξήρτισα ἐξαρτίζωἐξήρτισμαι ἐξαρτίζωἑξῆς nextἐξῄτησα ἐξαιτέωἐξηχέω I proclaimἕξις -εως ἡ practice exerciseἐξίστημι I amaze astound

confuseἐξισχύω I am ableἔξοδος -ου ἡ departure deathἐξοίσω ἐκφέρωἐξολεθρεύω I destroyἐξομολογέω I confess acknowledge

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ἐξορκίζω I adjure put under oathἐξορκιστής -οῦ ὁ exorcistἐξορύσσω I dig outἐξουδενέω I ill-treatἐξουθενέω I despise rejectἐξουσία -ας ἡ authority capabilityἐξουσιάζω I reignἐξουσιαστικός -ή -όν authoritativeἐξοχή -ῆς ἡ high rankἐξυπνίζω I wake up arouseἔξυπνος -ον awakeἔξω outsideἕξω ἔχωἔξωθεν from outsideἐξωθέω I expel run ashoreἐξώρυξα ἐξορύσσωἐξῶσα ἐξωθέωἐξώτερος -α -ον outerἔοικα I resembleἑορτάζω I celebrate a feastἑορτή -ῆς ἡ feast festivalἐπαγγελία -ας ἡ promiseἐπαγγέλλομαι I promiseἐπάγγελμα -ατος τό promiseἐπάγω I bring onἐπαγωνίζομαι I fight contendἔπαθον πάσχωἐπαθροίζω I collectἘπαίνετος -ου ὁ Epaenetusἐπαινέω I praiseἔπαινος -ου ὁ praiseἐπαίρω I rise upἐπαισχύνομαι I am ashamedἐπαιτέω I begἐπακολουθέω I follow come afterἐπακούω I hear obeyἐπακροάομαι I listen toἐπάν when as soon asἐπάναγκες necessarilyἐπανάγω I put out to seaἐπαναμιμνῄσκω I remindἐπαναπαύομαι I remain restἐπαναστήσω ἐπανίστημιἐπανέρχομαι I return toἐπανήγαγον ἐπανάγωἐπανῆλθον ἐπανέρχομαιἐπανίστημι I set up rebel againstἐπανόρθωσις -εως ἡ correctingἐπάνω above overἐπάρατος -ον accursedἐπαρκέω I help aid

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ἐπαρχεία -ας ἡ provinceἐπάταξα πατάσσωἔπαυλις -εως ἡ farm residenceἐπαύριον tomorrowἘπαφρᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Epaphrasἐπαφρίζω I splash upἘπαφρόδιτος -ου ὁ Epaphroditusἐπεβέβηκα ἐπιβαίνωἐπέβην ἐπιβαίνωἐπεγείρω I awaken arouse stir

upἐπεγενόμην ἐπιγίνομαιἐπέγνωκα ἐπιγινώσκωἐπέγνων ἐπιγινώσκωἐπεγνώσθην ἐπιγινώσκωἐπεδέδωκα ἐπιδίδωμιἐπέδειξα ἐπιδείκνυμιἐπεδόθην ἐπιδίδωμιἐπεί when because afterἐπειδή when because afterἐπειδήπερ becauseἔπειμι on the next dayἔπεισα πείθωἐπεισαγωγή -ῆς ἡ introductionἐπεισελεύσομαι ἐπεισέρχομαιἐπεισέρχομαι I happen rush inἐπείσθην πείθωἔπειτα later thenἐπέκειλα ἐπικέλλωἐπέκεινα beyondἐπεκλήθην ἐπικαλέωἐπεκαλύφθην ἐπικαλύπτωἐπεκτείνομαι I stretch out strain forἐπελαθόμην ἐπιλανθάνομαιἐπελέλησμαι ἐπιλανθάνομαιἐπέλεξα ἐπιλέγωἐπελεύσομαι ἐπέρχομαιἐπέμφθην πέμπωἔπεμψα πέμπωἐπενδύομαι I put onἐπενδύτης -ου ὁ cloak coatἐπέπεσον ἐπιπίπτωἐπέπληξα ἐπιπλήσσωἐπέριψα ἐπιρίπτωἐπέρχομαι I come approachἐπερωτάω I ask interrogateἐπερώτημα -ατος τό question requestἐπεσκεψάμην ἐπισκέπτομαιἔπεσον πίπτωἐπέστειλα ἐπιστέλλωἐπέστην ἐφίστημι

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ἐπέστρεψα ἐπιστρέφωἐπέσχον ἐπέχωἐπέταξα ἐπιτάσσωἐπέφανα ἐπιφαίνωἐπέχω I aim at stayἐπηγγειλάμην ἐπαγγέλλομαιἐπήγαγον ἐπάγωἐπῆλθον ἐπέρχομαιἐπῄνεσα ἐπαινέωἐπήνεγκον ἐπιφέρωἔπηξα πήγνυμιἐπῆρα ἐπαίρωἐπηρεάζω I threaten abuseἐπήρθην ἐπαίρωἐπήρκεσα ἐπαρκέωἐπί on upon at (Gen)ἐπί on in above to (Dat)ἐπί over across (Acc)ἐπίασα πιάζωἐπιάσθην πιάζωἐπιβαίνω I go up mountἐπιβάλλω I lay on put onἐπιβαρέω I burdenἐπιβιβάζω I cause to mountἐπιβλέπω I notice gaze uponἐπίβλημα -ατος τό patchἐπιβουλή -ῆς ἡ plot (against someone)ἐπιγαμβρεύω I marryἐπιγέγραμμαι ἐπιγράφωἐπίγειος -ον on earth earthlyἐπιγίνομαι I come up come onἐπιγινώσκω I know understandἐπίγνωσις -εως ἡ knowledgeἐπιγραφή -ῆς ἡ inscriptionἐπιγράφω I write onἐπιδείκνυμι I show demonstrateἐπιδέχομαι I receive welcomeἐπιδημέω I live as a foreignerἐπιδιατάσσομαι I add toἐπιδίδωμι I give deliverἐπιδιορθόω I set right put in orderἐπιδύω I set uponἐπιδώσω ἐπιδίδωμιἐπιείκεια -ας ἡ gentlenessἐπιεικής ές gentleness kindnessἐπιζητέω I search seek desireἐπιθανάτιος -ον sentenced to dieἐπίθεσις -εως ἡ laying onἐπιθήκα ἐπιτίθημιἐπιθήσω ἐπιτίθημιἐπιθυμέω I desire lust

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ἐπιθυμητής -οῦ ὁ one who desires lustsἐπιθυμία -ας ἡ desire lust longingἐπικαθίζω I sit uponἐπικαλέω I ask appeal call outἐπικάλυμμα -ατος τό cover veilἐπικαλύπτω I forgiveἐπικατάρατος -ον accursedἐπίκειμαι I lie uponἐπικέκλημαι ἐπικαλέωἐπικέλλω I run agroundἘπικούρειος -ου ὁ Epicureanἐπικουρία -ας ἡ helpἐπικράνθην πικραίνωἐπικρίνω I decide determineἐπιλαμβάνομαι I take hold of catchἐπιλανθάνομαι I forget neglectἐπιλέγω I call chooseἐπιλείπω I fail leave behindἐπιλείψω ἐπιλείπωἐπιλείχω I lickἐπιλησμονή -ῆς ἡ forgettingἐπίλοιπος -ον left remainingἐπίλυσις -εως ἡ explanation

interpretationἐπιλύω I explain interpretἐπιμαρτυρέω I bear witnessἐπιμέλεια -ας ἡ care attentionἐπιμελέομαι I care for take care ofἐπιμελῶς careful attentiveἐπιμένω I stay remainἐπινεύω I agree consentἐπίνοια -ας ἡ intention thoughtἔπιον πίνωἐπιορκέω I swear falsely perjureἐπίορκος -ου ὁ perjurerἐπιοῦσα -ης ἡ the next dayἐπιούσιος -ον daily todayἐπιπέπτωκα ἐπιπίπτωἐπιπίπτω I fall upon happenἐπιπλήσσω I rebukeἐπιποθέω I desire long forἐπιπόθησις -εως ἡ desire longingἐπιπόθητος -ον longed forἐπιποθία -ας ἡ desire longingἐπιπορεύομαι I journey arriveἐπιράπτω I sew onἐπιρίπτω I throw onἐπισείω I incite urge onἐπίσημος -ον notorious outstandingἐπισιτισμός -οῦ ὁ foodἐπισκέπτομαι I examine go to see

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ἐπισκευάζομαι I get readyἐπισκέψομαι ἐπισκέπτομαιἐπισκηνόω I take up residenceἐπισκιάζω I cast a shadow coverἐπισκοπέω I care for overseeἐπισκοπή -ῆς ἡ visitation overseerἐπίσκοπος -ου ὁ overseer guardianἐπισπάομαι I conceal circumcisionἐπισπείρω I sow on top ofἐπίσταμαι I understand knowἐπίστασις -εως ἡ anxiety care forἐπιστάτης -ου ὁ masterἐπιστέλλω I write a letterἐπιστήμων -ον understandingἐπιστηρίζω I strengthenἐπιστολή -ῆς ἡ letter epistleἐπιστομίζω I silenceἐπιστρέφω I turn around returnἐπιστρέψω ἐπιστρέφωἐπιστροφή -ῆς ἡ conversionἐπισυνάγω I gather come togetherἐπισυναγωγή -ῆς ἡ meeting gatheringἐπισυνάξω ἐπισυνάγωἐπισυνήγαγον ἐπισυνάγωἐπισύνηγμαι ἐπισυνάγωἐπισυνήχθην ἐπισυνάγωἐπισυντρέχω I run togetherἐπισφαλής -ές dangerous unsafeἐπισχύω I grow strongἐπισωρεύω I heap up accumulateἐπιταγή -ῆς ἡ command ordinanceἐπιτάσσω I command orderἐπιτελέω I end finishἐπιτήδειος -α -ον necessary neededἐπιτίθημι I place on inflictἐπιτιμάω I rebuke reproveἐπιτιμία -ας ἡ punishmentἐπιτρέπω I allow permitἐπιτροπή -ῆς ἡ authority permissionἐπίτροπος -ου ὁ foreman managerἐπιτυγχάνω I attain acquireἐπέτυχον ἐπιτυγχάνωἐπιφαίνω I appearἐπιφάνεια -ας ἡ appearingἐπιφανής -ές splendid wonderfulἐπιφαύσκω I illuminate shineἐπιφέρω I bringἐπιφωνέω I cry outἐπιφώσκω I shine forth dawnἐπιχειρέω I attempt tryἐπιχέω I pour on

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ἐπιχορηγέω I support provide forἐπιχορηγία -ας ἡ support provisionἐπιχρίω I anoint spread onἔπλεξα πλέκωἐπλήγην πλήσσωἔπλησα πίμπλημιἐπλήσθην πίμπλημιἔπνιξα πνίγωἐποικοδομέω I build uponἐπονομάζω I call nameἐποπτεύω I observe watchἐπόπτης -ου ὁ eyewitnessἔπος -ους τό word so to speakἐπότισα ποτίζωἐποτίσθην ποτίζωἐπουράνιος -ον heavenlyἐπράθην πιπράσκωἔπραξα πράσσωἑπτά sevenἐπτάκις seven timesἑπτακισχίλιοι -αι -α

seven thousand

ἐπτοήθην πτοέωἔπτύξα πτύσσωἐπυθόμην πυνθάνομαιἐραβδίσθην ῥαβδίζωἜραστος -ου ὁ Erastusἐραυνάω I search investigateἐργάζομαι I work accomplishἐργασία -ας ἡ business profitἐργάτης -ου ὁ worker laborerἔργον -ου τό work action actἐρεθίζω I irritate provokeἐρείδω I become fixedἐρεύγομαι I utter proclaimἐρεύξομαι ἐρεύγομαιἐρημία -ας ἡ desert uninhabited

areaἔρημος -ον desert desolateἐρημόω I depopulateἐρήμωσις -εως ἡ destructionἐρίζω I quarrelἐριθεία -ας ἡ strife selfishnessἔριον -ου τό woolἔρις -ιδος ἡ strife quarrelἐρίφιον -ου τό goatἔριφος -ου ὁ he-goat kidἙρμᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Hermasἑρμηνεία -ας ἡ translation

interpretationἑρμηνεύω I translate interpret

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Ἑρμῆς -οῦ ὁ HermesἙρμογένης -ους ὁ Hermogenesἑρπετόν -οῦ τό reptileἐρρέθην λέγωἔρρηξα ῥήγνυμιἔρριμμαι ῥίπτωἔρριψα ῥίπτωἐρρυπάνθην ῥυπαίνωἐρρυσάμην ῥύομαιἐρρύσθην ῥύομαιἔρρωμαι ῥώννυμιἐρυθρός -ά -όν redἔρχομαι I go come happenἐρῶ λέγωἐρωτάω I ask questionἔσβεσα σβέννυμιἐσεβάσθην σεβάζομαιἐσείσθην σείωἐσθής -ῆτος ἡ clothingἐσθίω I eat consumeἐσήμανα σημαίνωἔσκαψα σκάπτωἔσκυλμαι σκύλλωἙσλί ὁ Esliἔσοπτρον -ου τό mirrorἐσπάραξα σπαράσσωἑσπέρα -ας ἡ eveningἙσρώμ ὁ Hezronἑσσόομαι I am worse offἑστάθην ἵστημιἕστηκα ἵστημιἐστήριγμαι στηρίζωἐστηρίχθην στηρίζωἔστησα ἵστημιἔστρωμαι στρωννύωἔστρωσα στρωννύωἐσφάγην σφάζωἔσφαγμαι σφάζωἔσχατος -η -ον last leastἐσχάτως finallyἔσχηκα ἔχωἔσχισα σχίζωἐσχίσθην σχίζωἔσχον ἔχωἔσω inside into inἔσωθεν from inside withinἐσώτερος -α -ον innerἑταῖρος -ου ὁ companion friendἔταξα τάσσωἐτάραξα ταράσσωἐταράχθην ταράσσω

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ἐτάφην θάπτωἐτέθην τίθημιἔτεκον τίκτωἑτερόγλωσσος -ον speaking foreign

languageἑτεροδιδασκαλέω I teach heretical

doctrineἑτεροζυγέω I am mismatchedἕτερος -α -ον different anotherἑτέρως differentlyἐτέχθην τίκτωἔτι still yetἑτοιμάζω I prepare make readyἑτοιμασία -ας ἡ readiness preparationἕτοιμος -η -ον readyἑτοίμως readilyἔτος -ους τό yearἐτύθην θύωἔτυχον τυγχάνωεὖ well goodΕὕα -ας ἡ Eveεὐαγγελίζω I preach proclaimεὐαγγέλιον -ου τό good news gospelεὐαγγελιστής -οῦ ὁ evangelistεὐαρεστέω I please delightεὐάρεστος -ον pleasing acceptableεὐαρέστως acceptably pleasinglyΕὔβουλος -ου ὁ Eubulusεὖγε excellent well doneεὐγενής -ές noble mindedεὐδία -ας ἡ fair weatherεὐδόκεω I am pleased enjoyεὐδοκία -ας ἡ good will favorεὐεργεσία -ας ἡ good deed benefitεὐεργετέω I do good to benefitεὐεργέτης -ου ὁ benefactorεὔθετος -ον suitable fit usableεὐθέως immediatelyεὐθυδρομέω I sail straightεὐθυμέω I am encouragedεὔθυμος -ον encouraged cheerfulεὐθύμως cheerfullyεὐθύνω I make straightεὐθύς -εῖα ύ straight uprightεὐθύς immediatelyεὐθύτης -ητος ἡ straightnessεὐκαιρέω I have time toεὐκαιρία -ας ἡ opportunityεὔκαιρος -ον good timeεὐκαίρως convenientlyεὔκοπος -ον easy

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εὐλάβεια -ας ἡ awe reverence fearεὐλαβέομαι I am afraid reverenceεὐλαβής -ές devout God-fearingεὐλογέω I praise blessεὐλογητός -ή όν blessed praisedεὐλογία -ας ἡ praise blessingεὐμετάδοτος -ον generousΕὐνίκη -ης ἡ Euniceεὐνοέω I make friendsεὔνοια -ας ἡ eagerness favorεὐνουχίζω I castrateεὐνοῦχος -ου ὁ eunuch celibateΕὐοδία -ας ἡ Euodiaεὐοδόω I prosper succeedεὐπάρεδρος -ον devoted toεὐπειθής -ές obedient compliantεὐπερίσπαστος -ον easily distractedεὐπερίστατος -ον ensnaring controllingεὐποιΐα -ας ἡ good deedεὐπορέω I am rich well offεὐπορία -ας ἡ prosperityεὐπρέπεια -ας ἡ beauty fineεὐπρόσδεκτος -ον pleasant acceptableεὐπροσωπέω I make a good showingΕὐρακύλων -ωνος ὁ northeast windεὑρέθην εὑρίσκωεὕρηκα εὑρίσκωεὑρίσκω I findεὐροκλύδων -ωνος ὁ Euroclydon southeast

windεὗρον εὑρίσκωεὐρύχωρος -ον roomy spaciousεὐσέβεια -ας ἡ piety godlinessεὐσεβέω I am devout piousεὐσεβής -ές pious godly religiousεὐσεβῶς godly religiouslyεὔσημος -ον clear intelligibleεὔσπλαγχνος -ον compassionateεὐσχημόνως with proprietyεὐσχημοσύνη ης ἡ attractivenessεὐσχήμων -ον proper attractiveεὐτόνως vigorously powerfullyεὐτραπελία -ας ἡ vulgar speech coarseΕὔτυχος -ου ὁ Eutychusεὐφημία -ας ἡ good reportεὔφημος -ον praiseworthyεὐφορέω I am fruitfulεὐφραίνω I rejoice am gladΕὐφράτης -ου ὁ Euphratesεὐφροσύνη -ης ἡ joy gladnessεὐχαριστέω I thank

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εὐχαριστία -ας ἡ thanksgivingεὐχάριστος -ον thankfulεὐχή -ῆς ἡ prayer vowεὔχομαι I pray wishεὔχρηστος -ον usefulεὐψυχέω I am encouragedεὐωδία -ας ἡ aroma fragranceεὐώνυμος -ον left (side)ἔφαγον ἐσθίωἐφάλλομαι I jump onἐφάνην φαίνωἐφανῶ φαίνωἐφάπαξ onceἐφεισάμην φείδομαιἘφέσιος -α -ον EphesianἜφεσος -ου ἡ Ephesusἐφέστηκα ἐφίστημιἐφευρετής -οῦ ὁ inventorἐφημερία -ας ἡ work teamἐφήμερος -ον dailyἐφθεγξάμην φθέγγομαιἐφικνέομαι I arrive reachἐφίστημι I stand by am nearἐφοράω I pay attention toἐφράγην φράσσωἘφραίμ ὁ Ephraimἔφραξα φράσσωἔφυγον φεύγωἐφύλαξα φυλάσσωἐφφαθά I am openedἐχαλάσθην χαλάωἐχάρην χαίρωἐχθές yesterdayἔχθρα -ας ἡ enmityἐχθρός -ά -όν hostile enemy ofἔχιδνα -ης ἡ snakeἐχρησάμην χράομαιἔχω I have holdἐχώρισα χωρίζωἐψύγην ψύχωἑώρακα ὁράωβλέπωἕως till untilΖΖαβουλών ὁ ZebulunΖακχαῖος -ου ὁ ZacchaeusΖάρα ὁ ZerahΖαχαρίας -ου ὁ Zechariahζάω I liveΖεβεδαῖος -ου ὁ Zebedeeζεστός -ή όν hotζεῦγος -ους τό pair yoke

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ζευκτηρία -ας ἡ bands ropesΖεύς Διός ὁ Zeusζέω I boil am zealousζηλεύω I am eagerζῆλος -ου ὁ zeal jealousyζηλόω I desire am zealousζηλωτής -οῦ ὁ zealot enthusiastζημία -ας ἡ damage lossζημιόω I suffer loss punishΖηνᾶς ὁ Zenasζητέω I seek look forζήτημα -ατος τό question disputeζήτησις -εως ἡ investigation

controversyζιζάνιον -ου τό darnel weedΖοροβαβέλ ὁ Zerubbabelζόφος -ου ὁ darkness gloomζυγός -οῦ ὁ yoke scale balanceζύμη -ης ἡ yeast leavenζυμόω I ferment leavenζωγρέω I control captureζωή -ῆς ἡ lifeζώνη -ης ἡ beltζώννυμι I gird dressζῳογονέω I keep alive make

aliveζῷον -ου τό animal living thingζῳοποιέω I make aliveζώσω ζώννυμιΗἤ or thanἤγαγον ἄγωἤγγικα ἐγγίζωἤγγισα ἐγγίζωἡγεμονεύω I rule command orderἡγεμονία -ας ἡ governmentἡγεμών -όνος ὁ prince governorἡγέομαι I lead guide considerἠγέρθην ἐγείρωἡγημαι ἡγέομαιἡγησάμην ἡγέομαιἡγίασα ἁγιάζωἡγιάσθην ἁγιάζωἡγίασμαι ἁγιάζωἠγόρασα ἀγοράζωἠγόρασμαι ἀγοράζωἠγοράσθην ἀγοράζωἠγώνισμαι ἀγωνίζομαιἡδέως gladlyἤδη already nowἡδονή -ῆς ἡ pleasure enjoyment

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ἡδύοσμον -ου τό mintἦθος -ους τό custom habitἤθροισμαι ἀθροίζωἤκμασα ἀκμάζωἤκω I have comeἡλάμην ἅλλομαιἤλεγξα ἐλέγχωἤλεγχθην ἐλέγχωἤλέηθην ἐλεέωἤλέησα ἐλεέωἤλειψα ἀλείφωἦλθον ἔρχομαιἠλί my GodἨλί ὁ HeliἨλίας -ου ὁ Elijahἡλικία -ας ἡ lifetime matureἡλίκος -η -ον how greatἥλιος -ου ὁ sunἤλλάγην ἀλλάσσωἤλλαξα ἀλλάσσωἧλος -ου ὁ nailἤλπικα ἐλπίζωἤλπισα ἐλπίζωἡμέρα -ας ἡ dayἡμέτερος -α -ον ourἤμησα ἀμάωἡμιθανής -ές half deadἥμισυς -εια -υ halfἡμίωρον -ου τό half hourἠνάγκασα ἀναγκάζωἠναγκάθην ἀναγκάζωἤνεγκα φέρωἠνέχθην φέρωἡνίκα when as soon asἤνοιξα ἀνοίγωἠνοίχθην ἀνοίγωἤντληκα ἀντλέωἤντλησα ἀντλέωἥξα ἥκωἥξω ἥκωἤπερ thanἤπιος -α -ον gentle kindἬρ ὁ Erἦρα αἴρωἠρέθισα ἐρεθίζωἤρεισα ἐρείδωἤρεμος -ον quiet tranquilἤρεσα ἀρέσκωᾐρέτισα αἰρετίζωἤρθην αἴρωἦρκα αἴρω

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ἦρμαι αἴρωἤρμοσα ἀρμόζωἤρξα ἄρχωἡρπάγην ἁρπάζωἥρπασα ἁρπάζωἩρῴδης -ου ὁ HerodἩρῳδιανοί -ῶν οἱ Herodians Ἡρῳδιάς -άδος ἡ HerodiasἩρῳδίων -ωνος ὁ HerodionἨσαΐας -ου ὁ IsaiahἨσαῦ ὁ Esauἠσθένηκα ἀσθενέωἥσσων -ον lesser inferior weakerἡσυχάζω I rest am quietἡσυχία -ας ἡ quietness silenceἡσύχιος -ον quietἠτάκτησα ἀτακτέωᾔτηκα αἰτέωᾔτησα αἰτέωἠτίμασα ἀτιμάζωἠτιμάσθην ἀτιμάζωἤτοι eitherἡτοίμακα ἑτοιμάζωἡττάομαι I am defeated looseἥττημα -ατος τό lossηὔγασα αὐγάζωηὐξήθην αὐξάνωηὔξησα αὐξάνωηὐφράνθην εὐφραίνωἠχέω I make noise roarἤχθην ἄγωἦχος -ου ὁ noise reportἦχος -ους τό noise soundἧψα ἅπτωΘΘαδδαῖος -ου ὁ Thaddaeusθάλασσα -ης ἡ sea lakeθάλπω I take care of comfortΘαμάρ ἡ Tamarθαμβέω I am amazedθάμβος -ους τό amazementθανάσιμος -ον deadlyθανατηφόρος -ον deadlyθάνατος -ου ὁ deathθανατόω I execute put to deathθάπτω I buryΘάρα ὁ Terahθαρρέω I have courageθαρσέω I have courageθάρσος -ους τό courageθαῦμα -ατος τό a wonder miracle

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θαυμάζω I am amazed marvelθαυμάσιος -α -ον marvelous wonderfulθαυμαστός -ή -όν wonderful marvelousθεά -ᾶς ἡ goddessθεάομαι I look at noticeθεατρίζω I shame publiclyθέατρον -ου τό theaterθεῖον -ου τό sulphurθεῖος -α -ον divineθειότης -ητος ἡ divine beingθειώδης -ες sulphurousθέλημα -ατος τό willθέλησις -εως ἡ desireθέλω I wish desireθεμέλιον -ου τό foundation basisθεμέλιος -ου ὁ foundationθεμελιόω I lay a foundationθεοδίδακτος -ον taught by Godθεομάχος -ον fighting against Godθεόπνευστος -ον God breathed inspiredθεός -οῦ ὁ ἡ God god goddessθεοσέβεια -ας ἡ religion pietyθεοσεβής -ές god-fearing religiousθεοστυγής -ές hating Godθεότης -ητος ἡ divine being deityΘεόφιλος -ου ὁ Theophilusθεραπεία -ας ἡ healing service careθεραπεύω I heal serveθεράπων -οντος ὁ servantθερίζω I reap harvestθερισμός -οῦ ὁ harvestθεριστής -οῦ ὁ reaper harvesterθερμαίνω I warm myselfθέρμη -ης ἡ heatθέρος -ους τό summerΘεσσαλονικεύς-έως ὁ

Thessalonian

Θεσσαλονίκη -ης ἡ ThessalonicaΘευδᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Theudasθεωρέω I look at observeθεωρία -ας ἡ spectacleθήκη -ης ἡ receptacleθηλάζω I nurse suckθῆλυς -εια -υ femaleθήρα -ας ἡ trap netθηρεύω I catch huntθηριομαχέω I fight wild animalsθηρίον -ου τό animalθησαυρίζω I store up saveθησαυρός -οῦ ὁ storehouse treasure

box

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θήσω τίθημιθιγγάνω I touchθλίβω I crowd against

oppressθλῖψις -εως ἡ tribulation oppressionθνῄσκω I dieθνητός -ή -όν mortalθορυβάζω I trouble upsetθορυβέω I trouble upsetθόρυβος -ου ὁ noise clamor uproarθραύω I break oppressθρέμμα -ατος τό domesticated animalθρηνέω I mourn lamentθρησκεία -ας ἡ religionθρησκός -όν religiousθριαμβεύω I lead in triumphθρίξ τριχός ἡ hairθροέω I am disturbedθρόμβος -ου ὁ blood clotθρόνος -ου ὁ throneΘυάτειρα -ων τά Thyatiraθυγάτηρ -τρός ἡ daughterθυγάτριον -ου τό little daughterθύελλα -ης ἡ stormθύϊνος -η -ον citron woodθυμίαμα -ατος τό incense offeringθυμιατήριον -ου τό altar of incenseθυμιάω I offer incenseθυμομαχέω I am furiousθυμός -οῦ ὁ fury passionθυμόω I make angryθύρα -ας ἡ door entranceθυρεός -οῦ ὁ shieldθυρίς -ίδος ἡ windowθυρωρός -οῦ ὁ ἡ doorkeeperθυσία -ας ἡ sacrifice offeringθυσιαστήριον -ου τό altarθύω I sacrifice slaughterΘωμᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Thomasθώραξ -ακος ὁ breastplate chestΙἰάθην ἰάομαιἸάϊρος -ου ὁ JairusἸακώβ ὁ JacobἸάκωβος -ου ὁ Jamesἴαμα -ατος τό healingἸαμβρῆς ὁ JambresἸανναί ὁ JannaiἸάννης ὁ Jannesἰάομαι I heal cureἸάρετ ὁ Jared

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ἴασις -εως ἡ healingἴασπις -ιδος ἡ jasperἸάσων -ονος ὁ Jasonἰατρός -οῦ ὁ physicianἴδε lookἴδιος -α -ον onersquos ownἰδιώτης -ου ὁ amateur laymanἰδού lookἸδουμαία -ας ἡ Idumaeaἱδρώς -ῶτος ὁ sweatἸεζάβελ ἡ JezebelἹεράπολις -εως ἡ Hierapolisἱερατεία -ας ἡ priesthoodἱεράτευμα -ατος τό priesthoodἱερατεύω I am a priestἸερεμίας -ου ὁ Jeremiahἱερεύς -έως ὁ priestἸεριχώ ἡ Jerichoἱερόθυτος -ον sacrificed to a deityἱερόν -οῦ τό templeἱεροπρεπής -ές priest like religiousἱερός -ά -όν holy set apartἹεροσόλυμα τά ἡ JerusalemἹεροσολυμίτης -ου ὁ Jerusalemiteἱεροσυλέω I rob templesἱερόσυλος -ου ὁ temple robberἱερουργέω I am a priestἸερουσαλήμ ἡ Jerusalemἱερωσύνη -ης ἡ priesthoodἸεσσαί ὁ JesseἸεφθάε ὁ JephthahἸεχονίας -ου ὁ JechoniahἸησοῦς -οῦ ὁ Jesus Joshuaἱκανός -ή -όν enough many largeἱκανότης -ητος ἡ capabilityἱκανόω I make sufficientἱκετηρία -ας ἡ supplicationἰκμάς -άδος ἡ moistureἸκόνιον -ου τό Iconiumἱλαρός -ά -όν happy glad merryἱλαρότης -ητος ἡ happiness gladnessἱλάσκομαι I forgive conciliateἱλασμός -οῦ ὁ means of forgivenessἱλαστήριον -ου τό means of forgivenessἵλεως -ων gracious mercifulἸλλυρικόν -οῦ τό Illyricumἱμάς -άντος ὁ strap thongἱματίζω I dress clotheἱμάτιον -ου τό garmentἱματισμός -οῦ ὁ clothingἵνα in order that that

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ἱνατί whyἸόππη -ης ἡ JoppaἸορδάνης -ου ὁ Jordan Riverἰός -οῦ ὁ venom poisonἸουδαΐα -ας ἡ Judeaἰουδαίζω I live as a JewἸουδαϊκός -ή -όν JewishἸουδαϊκῶς JewishἸουδαῖος -α -ον JudeanἸουδαϊσμός -οῦ ὁ JudaismἸούδας -α ὁ Judah JudasἸουλία -ας ἡ JuliaἸούλιος -ου ὁ JuliusἸουνιᾶς -ᾶ ὁ JuniasἸοῦστος -ου ὁ Justusἱππεύς -έως ὁ horsemanἱππικός -ή -όν mounted on a horseἵππος -ου ὁ horseἶρις -ιδος ἡ rainbow haloἸσαάκ ὁ Isaacἰσάγγελος -ον angel-likeἸσκαριώθ ὁ IscariotἸσκαριώτης -ου ὁ Iscariotἴσος -η -ον equalἰσότης -ητος ἡ equalityἰσότιμος -ον equal toἰσόψυχος -ον like soul like mindedἸσραήλ ὁ IsraelἸσραηλίτης -ου ὁ IsraeliteἸσσαχάρ ὁ Issacharἵστημι I put stand establishἱστορέω I visitἰσχυρός -ά -όν powerful strongἰσχύς -ύος ἡ strength powerἰσχύω I have power am

capableἴσως perhaps probablyἸταλία -ας ἡ ItalyἸταλικός -ή -όν ItalianἸτουραῖος -α -ον Ituraeanἰχθύδιον -ου τό little fishἰχθύς -ύος ὁ fishἴχνος -ους τό footprint soleἸωαθάμ ὁ JothamἸωακίμ ὁ JehoiakimἸωανάν ὁ JoananἸωάννα -ας ἡ JoannaἸωάννης -ου ὁ JohnἸώβ ὁ JobἸωβήδ ὁ ObedἸωδά ὁ Joda

486

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Ἰωήλ ὁ JoelἸωνάμ ὁ JonamἸωνᾶς ᾶ ὁ JonahἸωράμ ὁ JoramἸωρίμ ὁ JorimἸωσαφάτ ὁ JehoshaphatἸωσῆς -ῆτος ὁ JosesἸωσῆφ ὁ JosephἸωσήχ ὁ JosechἸωσίας -ου ὁ Josiahἰῶτα τό iota smallest letterΚκἀγώ and Iκαθά just asκαθαίρεσις -εως ἡ destructionκαθαιρέω I tear down destroyκαθαίρω I cleanκαθάπερ just asκαθάπτω I seize take hold ofκαθαρίζω I clean purifyκαθαρισμός -οῦ ὁ purificationκαθαριῶ καθαρίζωκαθαρός -ά -όν clean pureκαθαρότης -ητος ἡ purificationκαθέδρα -ας ἡ chairκαθέζομαι I sitκαθεῖλον καθαιρέωκαθελῶ καθαιρέωκαθεξῆς one after anotherκαθεύδω I sleepκαθηγητής -οῦ ὁ teacherκαθῆκα καθίημικαθήκω I come to am properκάθημαι I sit dwellκαθημερινός -ή -όν dailyκαθίζω I sit remainκαθίημι I let downκαθίστημι I appoint authorizeκαθό just as in so far asκαθόλου entirely completelyκαθοπλίζω I arm fully equipκαθοράω I perceive noticeκαθότι because asκαθώς just as as whenκαθώσπερ just asκαί and also thenΚαϊάφας -α ὁ CaiaphasΚάϊν ὁ CainΚαϊνάμ ὁ Cainanκαινός -ή -όν new unknownκαινότης -ητος ἡ newness

487

487

καίπερ althoughκαιρός -οῦ ὁ timeΚαῖσαρ -αρος ὁ Caesar EmperorΚαισάρεια -ας ἡ Caesareaκαίτοι althoughκαίτοιγε and yetκαίω I burn igniteκἀκεῖ and thereκἀκεῖθεν and from thereκἀκεῖνος -η -ο and that oneκακία -ας ἡ badness wickednessκακοήθεια -ας ἡ maliceκακολογέω I insult revileκακοπάθεια -ας ἡ suffering misfortuneκακοπαθέω I suffer misfortuneκακοποιέω I do wrong harmκακοποιός -όν evildoer criminalκακός -ή -όν bad evilκακοῦργος -ον evildoer criminalκακουχέω I mistreat tormentκακόω I harm mistreatκακῶς badlyκάκωσις -εως ἡ injury oppressionκαλάμη -ης ἡ straw stalkκάλαμος -ου ὁ reed reed penκαλέω I call name summonκαλλιέλαιος -ου ἡ cultivated olive treeκαλοδιδάσκαλος-ου ὁ

teacher of good

Καλοὶ Λιμένες οἱ Fair Havensκαλοποιέω I do goodκαλός -ή -όν good fitting beautifulκάλυμμα -ατος τό veilκαλύπτω I cover hideκαλύψω καλύπτωκαλῶς goodly wellκάμηλος -ου ὁ ἡ camelκάμινος -ου ἡ oven furnaceκαμμύω I close refuseκάμνω I am sick wearyκάμπτω I bend worshipκἄν and ifΚανά ἡ CanaΚαναναῖος -ου ὁ CananaeanΚανδάκη -ης ἡ Candaceκανών -όνος ὁ rule standardκαπηλεύω I peddle tradeκαπνός -οῦ ὁ smokeΚαππαδοκία -ας ἡ Cappadociaκαρδία -ας ἡ heart mind inner selfκαρδιογνώστης -ου ὁ knower of hearts

488

488

Κάρπος -ου ὁ Carpusκαρπός -οῦ ὁ fruit yield outcomeκαρποφορέω I bear fruitκαρποφόρος -ον fruitbearing fruitfulκαρτερέω I endure persevereκάρφος -ους τό speckκατά down against (Gen)κατά according to during

(Acc)καταβαίνω I go downκαταβάλλω I throw downκαταβαρέω I burdenκαταβαρύνω I burden oppressκατάβασις -εως ἡ descent slopeκαταβέβηκα καταβαίνωκαταβήσομαι καταβαίνωκαταβολή -ῆς ἡ foundation creationκαταβραβεύω I condemn disqualifyκαταγγελεύς -έως ὁ preacherκαταγγέλλω I proclaimκαταγελάω I ridicule laugh atκαταγινώσκω I condemn convictκατάγνυμι I breakκαταγράφω I write downκατάγω I lead downκαταγωνίζομαι I conquer defeatκαταδέω I bind upκατάδηλος -ον very clear plainκαταδικάζω I condemn find guiltyκαταδίκη -ης ἡ condemnationκαταδιώκω I search huntκαταδουλόω I enslaveκαταδυναστεύω I oppress exploitκατάθεμα -ατος τό cursed thing devotedκαταθεματίζω I curseκαταισχύνω I dishonor disgraceκατακαίω I burn down consumeκατακαλύπτω I cover veilκατακαυχάομαι I boast against despiseκατάκειμαι I lie down dineκατακλάω I break into piecesκατακλείω I imprison lock upκατακληρονομέω I inheritκατακλίνω I sit down to eatκατακλύζω I flood inundateκατακλυσμός -οῦ ὁ floodκατακολουθέω I followκατακόπτω I beat bruiseκατακρημνίζω I throw downκατάκριμα -ατος τό condemnationκατακρίνω I condemn

489

489

κατάκρισις -εως ἡ condemnationκατακύπτω I stoop bend downκατακυριεύω I rule subdueκαταλαλέω I slander defameκαταλαλιά -ᾶς ἡ slanderκατάλαλος -ου ὁ slandererκαταλαμβάνω I seize win overtakeκαταλέγω I select enrollκαταλείπω I leaveκαταλείψω καταλείπωκαταλέλειμμαι καταλείπωκαταλιθάζω I stone to deathκαταλλαγή -ῆς ἡ reconciliationκαταλλάσσω I reconcileκατάλοιπος -ον left remainingκατάλυμα -ατος τό innκαταλύω I throw down detachκαταμανθάνω I observe considerκαταμαρτυρέω I witness againstκαταμένω I remain stayκαταναλίσκω I consume destroyκαταναρκάω I burdenκατανεύω I signal gestureκατανοέω I consider noticeκαταντάω I arrive reach attainκατάνυξις -εως ἡ bewildermentκατανύσσομαι I am pierced stabbedκαταξιόω I consider worthyκαταπατέω I trample tread uponκατάπαυσις -εως ἡ restκαταπαύω I rest stop ceaseκαταπέτασμα-ατος τό

curtain veil

καταπίμπρημι I burn to ashesκαταπίνω I swallow devourκαταπίπτω I fall fall downκαταπλέω I sail towardκαταπονέω I subdue torment

oppressκαταποντίζω I sink am drownedκατάρα -ας ἡ curseκαταράομαι I curseκαταργέω I make ineffective

abolishκαταριθμέω I belong to countκαταρτίζω I restore produce

makeκατάρτισις -εως ἡ adequacy made

completeκαταρτισμός -οῦ ὁ equipment equippingκατασείω I signal wave motion

490

490

κατασκάπτω I tear downκατασκευάζω I make ready buildκατασκηνόω I live dwell nestκατασκήνωσις-εως ἡ

nest dwelling

κατασκιάζω I overshadowκατασκοπέω I spy outκατάσκοπος -ου ὁ spyκατασοφίζομαι I exploitκαταστέλλω I restrain calmκατάστημα -ατος τό behavior demeanorκαταστήσω καθίστημικαταστολή -ῆς ἡ manner of dressκαταστρέφω I upset turn overκαταστρηνιάω I lustκαταστροφή -ῆς ἡ ruin destructionκαταστρώννυμι I killκατασύρω I drag forciblyκατασφάζω I slaughterκατασφραγίζω I sealκατάσχεσις -εως ἡ possessionκατατίθημι I lay down placeκατατομή -ῆς ἡ mutilationκατατρέχω I run downκαταφάγομαι κατεσθίωκαταφέρω I cast againstκαταφεύγω I fleeκαταφθείρω I destroy corrupt ruinκαταφιλέω I kissκαταφρονέω I despise scornκαταφρονητής -οῦ ὁ scofferκαταχέω I pour overκαταχθόνιος -ον subterraneanκαταχράομαι I make use ofκαταψύχω I refresh make coolκατεάγην κατάγνυμικατέαξα κατάγνυμικατεάξω κατάγνυμικατέβην καταβαίνωκατέδραμον κατατρέχωκατέθηκα κατατίθημικατείδωλος -ον full of idolsκατείλημμαι καταλαμβάνωκατείληφα καταλαμβάνωκατεκλίθην κατακλίνωκατέκυψα κατακύπτωκατελείφθην καταλείπωκατελήμφθην καταλαμβάνωκατέμαθον καταμανθάνωκατέναντι opposite across fromκατενύγην κατανύσσομαι

491

491

κατενώπιον before in front ofκατεξουσιάζω I reign tyrannizeκατέπεσον καταπίπτωκατεπέστην κατεφίσταμαικατεπόθην καταπίνωκατεργάζομαι I achieve accomplishκατέρχομαι I come downκατεσθίω I eat up consumeκατέσκαμμαι κατασκάπτωκατέσκαψα κατασκάπτωκατεστάθην καθίστημικατέσταλμαι καταστέλλωκατέστειλα καταστέλλωκατέστησα καθίστημικατέστρεψα καταστρέφωκατέσχον κατέχωκατευθύνω I guide lead directκατευλογέω I blessκατέφαγον κατεσθίωκατεφίσταμαι I rise up attackκατέχω I prevent hold backκατήγαγον κατάγωκατήγγειλα καταγγέλλωκατηγγέλην καταγγέλλωκατηγορέω I accuseκατηγορία -ας ἡ accusationκατήγορος -ου ὁ accuserκατήγωρ -ορος ὁ accuserκατῆλθον κατέρχομαικατηλλάγην καταλλάσσωκατήνεγκα καταφέρωκατήντηκα καταντάωκατήφεια -ας ἡ dejection downcastκατηχέω I inform report teachκατήχθην κατάγωκατιόω I become rusty

corrodedκατισχύω I prevail defeatκατοικέω I dwellκατοίκησις -εως ἡ dwelling homeκατοικητήριον -ου τό dwelling placeκατοικία -ας ἡ dwelling placeκατοικίζω I cause to dwell settleκατοπτρίζω I contemplateκάτω below downκατῷκησα κατοικέωκατῴκισα κατοικίζωκατώτερος -α -ον lowerκατωτέρω lesserΚαῦδα Caudaκαῦμα -ατος τό burning scorching

492

492

καυματίζω I am burned scorchedκαῦσις -εως ἡ burningκαυσόω I burn up am

consumedκαυστηριάζω I am seared brandκαύσων -ωνος ὁ heat burningκαυχάομαι I boast pride myselfκαύχημα -ατος τό boast bragκαύχησις -εως ἡ boasting braggingΚαφαρναούμ ἡ CapernaumΚεγχρεαί -ῶν αἱ CenchreaeΚεδρών ὁ Kidron (valley)κεῖμαι I lie reclineκειρία -ας ἡ strip of cloth bandageκείρω I shear cut hairκεκάλυμμαι καλύπτωκέκληκα καλέωκέκλημαι καλέωκεκόρεσμαι κορέννυμικέκραγα κράζωκέκρικα κρίνωκέκρυμμαι κρύπτωκεκρύβην κρύπτωκέλευσμα -ατος τό signalκελεύω I command orderκενοδοξία -ας ἡ illusion delusionκενόδοξος -ον conceited boastfulκενός -ή -όν empty in vainκενοφωνία -ας ἡ chatter empty talkκενόω I empty render voidκέντρον -ου τό sting goadκεντυρίων -ωνος ὁ Roman officer

centurionκενῶς emptily idly vainlyκεραία -ας ἡ projection serif hookκεραμεύς -έως ὁ potterκεραμικός -ή -όν made of clayκεράμιον -ου τό jar of clayκέραμος ου ὁ clay roof tileκεράννυμι I mix (wine) pourκέρας -ατος τό horn corner powerκεράτιον -ου τό carob podκερδαίνω I gain make profitκερδήσω κερδαίνωκέρδος -ους τό profitκέρμα -ατος τό coinκερματιστής -οῦ ὁ moneychangerκεφάλαιον -ου τό main point summaryκεφαλή -ῆς ἡ headκεφαλιόω I strike on the headκεφαλίς -ίδος ἡ section of a scroll

493

493

κέχρημαι χράομαικημόω I muzzleκῆνσος -ου ὁ taxκῆπος -ου ὁ gardenκηπουρός -οῦ ὁ gardenerκήρυγμα -ατος τό proclamationκῆρυξ -υκος ὁ herald preacherκηρύσσω I announce preachκῆτος -ους τό sea monsterΚηφᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Cephas (Peter)κιβωτός -οῦ ἡ boat boxκιθάρα -ας ἡ lyre harpκιθαρίζω I play the lyreκιθαρῳδός -οῦ ὁ harpistΚιλικία -ας ἡ Ciliciaκινδυνεύω I am in dangerκίνδυνος ου ὁ dangerκινέω I move removeκιννάμωμον -ου τό cinnamonΚίς ὁ Kishκίχρημι I lendκλάδος -ου ὁ branchκλαίω I weep cryκλάσις -εως ἡ breakingκλάσμα -ατος τό piece crumbΚλαῦδα Clauda (island)Κλαυδία -ας ἡ ClaudiaΚλαύδιος -ου ὁ Claudiusκλαυθμός -οῦ ὁ weeping cryingκλάω I breakκλείς κλειδός ἡ keyκλείω I shut close lockκλέμμα -ατος τό theftΚλεοπᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Cleopasκλέος -ους τό fame honorκλέπτης -ου ὁ thiefκλέπτω I stealκλέψω κλέπτωκλῆμα -ατος τό branchΚλήμης -εντος ὁ Clementκληρονομέω I inherit acquire

receiveκληρονομία -ας ἡ inheritance possessionκληρονόμος -ου ὁ heirκλῆρος -ου ὁ lot portion shareκληρόω I appoint by lot

receiveκλῆσις -εως ἡ call calling invitationκλητός -ή -όν called invitedκλίβανος -ου ὁ ovenκλίμα -ατος τό region district

494

494

κλινάριον -ου τό bed cotκλίνη -ης ἡ bed couchκλινίδιον -ου τό bed stretcherκλίνω I incline bend leanκλισία -ας ἡ eating groupκλοπή -ῆς ἡ theftκλύδων -ωνος ὁ surf waveκλυδωνίζομαι I am tossed by wavesΚλωπᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Clopasκνήθω I itchΚνίδος -ου ἡ Cnidus (peninsula)κοδράντης -ου ὁ coin centκοιλία -ας ἡ belly wombκοιμάω I sleep dieκοίμησις -εως ἡ sleep deathκοινός -ή -όν common ordinaryκοινόω I defileκοινωνέω I shareκοινωνία -ας ἡ fellowship shareκοινωνικός -ή -όν generous sharingκοινωνός -οῦ ὁ ἡ companion partnerκοίτη -ης ἡ bed intercourseκοιτών -ῶνος ὁ bedroomκόκκινος -η -ον scarlet cloth redκόκκος -ου ὁ seed grainκολάζω I punishκολακεία -ας ἡ flatteryκόλασις -εως ἡ punishmentκολαφίζω I beat strikeκολλάω I unite joinκολλούριον -ου τό eye salveκολλυβιστής -οῦ ὁ moneychangerκολοβόω I mutilate curtailΚολοσσαί -ῶν αἱ Colossaeκόλπος -ου ὁ breast chestκολυμβάω I swimκολυμβήθρα -ας ἡ pool swimming poolκολωνία -ας ἡ colonyκομάω I wear long hairκόμη -ης ἡ hairκομίζω I receive get recoverκομψότερον get better (with ἔχω)κονιάω I whitewashκονιορτός -οῦ ὁ dustκοπάζω I stop restκοπετός -οῦ ὁ lamentation mourningκοπή -ῆς ἡ slaughterκοπιάω I toil am wearyκόπος -ου ὁ trouble work laborκοπρία -ας ἡ dung-heap rubbishκόπριον -ου τό dung manure filth

495

495

κόπτω I cut mournκόραξ -ακος ὁ crow ravenκοράσιον -ου τό girlκορβᾶν gift to Godκορβανᾶς -ᾶ ὁ temple treasuryΚόρε ὁ Korahκορέννυμι I fill am contentΚορίνθιος -ου ὁ CorinthianΚόρινθος -ου ἡ CorinthΚορνήλιος -ου ὁ Corneliusκόρος -ου ὁ cor (10ndash12 bushels)κοσμέω I adorn beautifyκοσμικός -ή -όν earthly worldlyκόσμιος -ον modest respectableκοσμοκράτωρ -ορος

ὁworld ruler

κόσμος -ου ὁ worldΚούαρτος -ου ὁ Quartusκοῦμ stand upκουστωδία -ας ἡ a guardκουφίζω I lightenκόφινος -ου ὁ large basketκόψω κόπτωκράβαττος -ου ὁ mattress palletκράζω I cry out call outκραιπάλη -ης ἡ drunken hangoverκρανίον -ου τό skullκράσπεδον -ου τό edge border fringeκραταιός -ά -όν powerful mightyκραταιόω I become strongκρατέω I grasp seize arrestκράτιστος -η -ον most nobleκράτος -ους τό power mightκραυγάζω I shout scream cryκραυγή -ῆς ἡ shout weepingκρέας κρέως τό meatκρείττων -ον better higher statusκρεμάννυμι I hang crucifyκρημνός -οῦ ὁ steep bankΚρής -ητός ὁ a CretanΚρήσκης -εντος ὁ CrescensΚρήτη -ης ἡ Creteκριθή -ῆς ἡ barleyκρίθινος -η -ον barley (bread)κρίμα -ατος τό lawsuit decisionκρίνον -ου τό wild flowerκρίνω I judge decideκρίσις -εως ἡ judgment verdictΚρίσπος -ου ὁ Crispusκριτήριον -ου τό lawsuit tribunalκριτής -οῦ ὁ a judge

496

496

κριτικός -ή -όν able to judgeκρούω I knockκρύπτη -ης ἡ secret place cellarκρυπτός -ή -όν hidden secretκρύπτω I hide concealκρυσταλλίζω I shine like crystalκρύσταλλος -ου ὁ crystalκρυφαῖος -α -ον hidden secretκρυφῇ secretlyκτάομαι I acquire getκτῆμα -ατος τό property possessionκτῆνος -ους τό pack-animalκτήτωρ -ορος ὁ ownerκτίζω I createκτίσις -εως ἡ creation creatureκτίσμα -ατος τό creatureκτίστης -ου ὁ creatorκυβεία -ας ἡ trickery craftinessκυβέρνησις -εως ἡ guidanceκυβερνήτης -ου ὁ pilot captainκυκλεύω I surroundκυκλόθεν all aroundκυκλόω I surround encircleκύκλῳ around all aroundκυλισμός -οῦ ὁ rolling wallowingκυλίω I rollκυλλός -ή -όν crippledκῦμα -ατος τό wave (sea)κύμβαλον -ου τό cymbalκύμινον -ου τό cuminκυνάριον -ου τό little dog house dogΚύπριος -ου ὁ a CypriotΚύπρος -ου ἡ Cyprusκύπτω I bend downΚυρηναῖος -ου ὁ a CyrenianΚυρήνη -ης ἡ CyreneΚυρήνιος -ου ὁ Quiriniusκυρία -ας ἡ lady mistressκυριακός -ή -όν belong to the Lordκυριεύω I rule controlκύριος -ου ὁ lord sir ownerκυριότης -ητος ἡ dominion lordshipκυρόω I confirm ratifyκύων κυνός ὁ dogκῶλον -ου τό corpseκωλύω I prevent forbidκώμη -ης ἡ villageκωμόπολις -εως ἡ market-townκῶμος -ου ὁ orgy revelryκώνωψ -ωπος ὁ gnat mosquitoΚώς Κῶ ἡ Cos

497

497

Κωσάμ ὁ Cosamκωφός -ή -όν deaf dull bluntΛλαγχάνω I receive choose by lotΛάζαρος -ου ὁ Lazarusλάθρᾳ secretlyλαῖλαψ -απος ἡ whirlwindλακάω I burst apartλακτίζω I kick goadλαλέω I speakλαλιά -ᾶς ἡ speechλαμβάνω I receive acquireΛάμεχ ὁ Lamechλαμπάς -άδος ἡ torch lampλαμπρός -ά -όν bright shiningλαμπρότης -ητος ἡ brilliance spendorλαμπρῶς splendidly luxuriouslyλάμπω I shine flashλάμψω λάμπωλανθάνω I am hidden forgetλαξευτός -ή όν hewn out of rockΛαοδίκεια -ας ἡ LaodiceaΛαοδικεύς -έως ὁ Laodiceanλαός -οῦ ὁ peopleλάρυγξ -γγος ὁ throatΛασαία -ας ἡ Lasaea (Crete)λατομέω I hew out of rockλατρεία -ας ἡ worshipλατρεύω I worshipλάχανον -ου τό vegetableλεγιών -ῶνος ἡ legionλέγω I say tellλεῖμμα -ατος τό remnantλεῖος -α -ον smooth levelλείπω I leave lackλειτουργέω I serve ministerλειτουργία -ας ἡ service ministryλειτουργικός -ή -όν holy service

ministeringλειτουργός -οῦ ὁ servant priestλεμά whyλέντιον ου τό towelλεπίς -ίδος ἡ flake scaleλέπρα -ας ἡ leprosyλεπρός -ά -όν leper leprousλεπτός -ή -όν small small coin thinΛευί ὁ LeviΛευίς Λευί ὁ LeviΛευίτης -ου ὁ LeviteΛευιτικός -ή όν Leviticalλευκαίνω I make white

498

498

λευκός -ή -όν bright white shiningλέων -οντος ὁ lionλήθη -ης ἡ forgetfulnessλῆμψις -εως ἡ receiving creditλήμψομαι λαμβάνωληνός -οῦ ἡ wine pressλῆρος -ου ὁ nonsense idle talkλῃστής -οῦ ὁ robber revolutionaryλίαν veryλίβανος -ου ὁ frankincenseλιβανωτός -οῦ ὁ incense censerΛιβερτῖνος -ου ὁ FreedmanΛιβύη -ης ἡ Libyaλιθάζω I stone to deathλίθινος -η -ον made of stoneλιθοβολέω I stone to deathλίθος -ου ὁ stone rockλιθόστρωτος -ον stone pavementλικμάω I crushλιμήν -ένος ὁ harborλίμνη -ης ἡ lake poolλιμός -οῦ ὁ ἡ hunger famineλίνον -ου τό flax linenΛίνος -ου ὁ Linusλιπαρός -ά -όν oily fat luxuriousλίτρα -ας ἡ poundλίψ λιβός ὁ southwestλογεία -ας ἡ collectionλογίζομαι I reckon calculate

ponderλογικός -ή όν rational spiritualλόγιον -ου τό sayingλόγιος -α -ον learned eloquentλογισμός -οῦ ὁ reasoning wisdomλογομαχέω I argue about wordsλογομαχία -ας ἡ arguing about wordsλόγος -ου ὁ word speech reasonλόγχη -ης ἡ spearλοιδορέω I revile slander abuseλοιδορία -ας ἡ slander verbal abuseλοίδορος -ου ὁ reviler slandererλοιμός -οῦ ὁ pestilence plagueλοιπός -ή -όν remaining otherΛουκᾶς -ᾶ ὁ LukeΛούκιος -ου ὁ Luciusλουτρόν -οῦ τό washing bathλούω I washΛύδδα -ας ἡ LyddaΛυδία -ας ἡ LydiaΛυκαονία -ας ἡ LycaoniaΛυκαονιστί Lycaonian

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499

Λυκία -ας ἡ Lyciaλύκος -ου ὁ wolfλυμαίνομαι I injure destroy ruinλυπέω I grieve am sadλύπη -ης ἡ grief sorrow painΛυσανίας -ου ὁ LysaniasΛυσίας -ου ὁ Lysiasλύσις -εως ἡ divorceλυσιτελέω I profitΛύστρα ἡ τά Lystraλύτρον -ου τό ransomλυτρόω I redeem pay ransomλύτρωσις -εως ἡ ransoming releasingλυτρωτής -οῦ ὁ redeemerλυχνία -ας ἡ lampstandλύχνος -ου ὁ lampλύω I loose destroyΛωΐς -ΐδος ἡ LoisΛώτ ὁ LotΜΜάαθ ὁ MaathΜαγαδάν ἡ MagadanΜαγδαληνή -ῆς ἡ Magaleneμαγεία -ας ἡ magicμαγεύω I practice magicμάγος -ου ὁ wise man magicianΜαγώγ ὁ MagogΜαδιάμ ὁ Midianμαθητεύω I follow discipleμαθητής -οῦ ὁ disciple followerμαθήτρια -ας ἡ woman discipleΜαθθαῖος -ου ὁ MatthewΜαθθάτ ὁ MatthatΜαθθίας -ου ὁ MatthiasΜαθουσαλά ὁ Methuselahμαίνομαι I am insane madμακαρίζω I am blessed happyμακάριος -α -ον blessed happyμακαρισμός -οῦ ὁ blessingΜακεδονία -ας ἡ MacedoniaΜακεδών -όνος ὁ Macedonianμάκελλον -ου τό meat marketμακράν farμακρόθεν from a distance farμακροθυμέω I am patientμακροθυμία -ας ἡ patience enduranceμακροθύμως patientlyμακρός -ά -όν distant long (time)μακροχρόνιος -ον long-timeμαλακία -ας ἡ sickness weaknessμαλακός -ή -όν soft effeminate

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Μαλελεήλ ὁ Maleleelμάλιστα above all especiallyμᾶλλον more ratherΜάλχος -ου ὁ Malchusμάμμη -ης ἡ grandmotherμαμωνᾶς -ᾶ ὁ wealthΜαναήν ὁ ManaenΜανασσῆς -ῆ ὁ Manassehμανθάνω I learn understandμανία -ας ἡ madness insanityμάννα τό mannaμαντεύομαι I tell fortunesμαραίνω I fade away witherμαρὰν ἀθᾶ Lord comeμαργαρίτης ου ὁ pearlΜάρθα -ας ἡ MarthaΜαρία -ας ἡ MaryΜαριάμ ἡ Mary MiriamΜᾶρκος -ου ὁ Markμάρμαρος -ου ὁ marbleμαρτυρέω I witness testifyμαρτυρία -ας ἡ testimony witnessμαρτύριον -ου τό testimony witnessμαρτύρομαι I tesify affirmμάρτυς -υρος ὁ witnessμασάομαι I biteμαστιγόω I whip punish flogμαστίζω I whip flogμάστιξ -ιγος ἡ torment floggingμαστός -οῦ ὁ breastματαιολογία -ας ἡ empty talkματαιολόγος -ον idle talkerμάταιος -α -ον idle useless fruitlessματαιότης -ητος ἡ emptiness futilityματαιόω I render futileμάτην in vainΜατθαῖος -ου ὁ MathewΜατθάν ὁ MatthanΜατταθά ὁ MattathaΜατταθίας -ου ὁ Mattathiasμάχαιρα -ης ἡ swordμάχη -ης ἡ fighting quarrelμάχομαι I fight quarrelμεγαλεῖος -α -ον magnificent grandμεγαλειότης -ητος ἡ majesty grandeurμεγαλοπρεπής -ές magnificent majesticμεγαλύνω I magnify make largeμεγάλως greatlyμεγαλωσύνη -ης ἡ majesty greatnessμέγας μεγάλη μέγα large greatμέγεθος -ους τό greatness

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μεγιστάν -ᾶνος ὁ great person magnateμεθερμηνεύω I translateμέθη -ης ἡ drunkennessμεθίστημι I removeμεθοδεία -ας ἡ scheming craftinessμέθυσος -ου ὁ drunkardμεθύω I am drunkμείζων more greaterμέλας -αινα -αν blackΜελεά ὁ Meleaμέλει it is a concernμελετάω I plot practiceμέλι -ιτος τό honeyΜελίτη -ης ἡ Malta (island)μέλλω I am about to intendμέλος -ους τό body part memberΜελχί ὁ MelchiΜελχισέδεκ ὁ Melchizedekμεμάθηκα μανθάνωμεμβράνα -ης ἡ parchment sheetμεμένηκα μένωμεμίαμμαι μιαίνωμέμιγμαι μίγνυμιμέμνημαι μιμνῄσκομαιμέμφομαι I blame find faultμεμψίμοιρος -ον complainingμέν on the one handΜεννά ὁ Mennaμενοῦν on the contraryμενοῦνγε rather on the contraryμέντοι really actually but

howeverμένω I stay remainμερίζω I divide separateμέριμνα -ης ἡ anxiety worryμεριμνάω I am anxious worryμερίς -ίδος ἡ part portionμερισμός -οῦ ὁ divisionμεριστής -οῦ ὁ divider arbitratorμέρος -ους τό part portionμεσημβρία -ας ἡ noon southμεσιτεύω I mediate guaranteeμεσίτης -ου ὁ mediatorμεσονύκτιον -ου τό midnightΜεσοποταμία -ας ἡ Mesopotamiaμέσος -η -ον among in the middleμεσότοιχον -ου τό dividing wallμεσουράνημα -ατος

τόmid-heaven

μεσόω I am in the middleΜεσσίας -ου ὁ Messiah Anointed

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Oneμεστός -ή -όν fullμεστόω I fillμετά with (Gen)μετά after behind (Acc)μεταβαίνω I pass over moveμεταβάλλω I change my mindμεταβέβηκα μεταβαίνωμεταβήσομαι μεταβαίνωμετάγω I guideμεταδίδωμι I impart shareμετάθεσις -εως ἡ removal changeμεταίρω I go awayμετακαλέω I summon call to

myselfμετακινέω I shift removeμεταλαμβάνω I share in receiveμετάλημψις -εως ἡ sharing receivingμεταλλάσσω I exchangeμεταμέλομαι I feel sad aboutμεταμορφόω I changeμετανοέω I repentμετάνοια -ας ἡ repentanceμεταξύ between afterwardμεταπέμπω I summon send forμεταστρέφω I changeμετασχηματίζω I change appearanceμετατίθημι I depart changeμετατρέπω I turn aroundμετέβην μεταβαίνωμετέθηκα μετατίθημιμετέλαβον μεταλαμβάνωμετεπέμφθην μεταπέμπωμετέπεμψα μεταπέμπωμετέπειτα afterwardsμετεστάθην μεθίστημιμετέστησα μεθίστημιμετεστράφην μεταστρέφωμετέστρεψα μεταστρέφωμετέσχηκα μετέχωμετέσχον μετέχωμετετέθην μετατίθημιμετέχω I share participateμετεωρίζομαι I am anxious worriedμετήλλαξα μεταλλάσσωμετῆρα μεταίρωμετοικεσία -ας ἡ deportationμετοικίζω I deport resettleμετοχή -ῆς ἡ sharing partnershipμέτοχος -ον sharer partnerμετρέω I measure deal out

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μετρητής -οῦ ὁ measure (9 gallons)μετριοπαθέω I deal gently withμετρίως moderatelyμέτρον -ου τό measure quantityμετῴκισα μετοικίζωμέτωπον -ου τό foreheadμέχρι untilμή notμηδαμῶς certainly not noμηδέ and not but not norμηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no one nothingμηδέποτε neverμηδέπω not yetΜῆδος -ου ὁ Medeμηκέτι no longerμῆκος -ους τό lengthμηκύνω I make longμηλωτή -ῆς ἡ sheepskinμήν surely and yetμήν μηνός ὁ monthμηνύω I inform reveal reportμήποτε lest neverμήπω not yetμήπως so that not lestμηρός -οῦ ὁ thighμήτε and not neitherμήτηρ -τρός ἡ motherμήτι question markerμήτιγε let aloneμήτρα -ας ἡ wombμητρολῴας -ου ὁ mother murdererμιαίνω I defileμίασμα -ατος τό defilementμιασμός -οῦ ὁ pollution corruptionμίγμα -ατος τό mixture compoundμίγνυμι I mixμικρός -ά -όν little smallΜίλητος -ου ἡ Miletusμίλιον -ου τό mileμιμέομαι I imitate followμιμητής -οῦ ὁ imitatorμιμνῄσκομαι I remember recallμισέω I hateμισθαποδοσία -ας ἡ rewardμισθαποδότης -ου ὁ rewarderμίσθιος -ου ὁ hired workerμισθός -οῦ ὁ pay wagesμισθόω I hireμίσθωμα -ατος τό rented spaceμισθωτός -οῦ ὁ hired workerΜιτυλήνη -ης ἡ Mitylene (city)

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Μιχαήλ ὁ Michaelμνᾶ μνᾶς ἡ mina (about $20)Μνάσων -ωνος ὁ Mnasonμνεία -ας ἡ remembrance memoryμνῆμα -ατος τό grave tombμνημεῖον -ου τό memorial graveμνήμη -ης ἡ remembrance memoryμνημονεύω I remember mentionμνημόσυνον -ου τό memoryμνηστεύω I become engagedμογιλάλος -ον speaking in a hoarse

voiceμόγις scarcely with

difficultyμόδιος -ίου ὁ measuring containerμοιχαλίς -ίδος ἡ adulteressμοιχάω I commit adulteryμοιχεία -ας ἡ adulteryμοιχεύω I commit adulteryμοιχός -οῦ ὁ adultererμόλις scarcely with

difficultyΜολόχ ὁ Moloch (god)μολύνω I stain defile soilμολυσμός -οῦ ὁ defilementμομφή -ῆς ἡ blame complaintμονή -ῆς ἡ dwelling place roomμονογενής -ές only uniqueμόνος -η -ον only aloneμονόφθαλμος -ον one-eyedμονόω I make solitaryμορφή -ῆς ἡ form shapeμορφόω I form shapeμόρφωσις -εως ἡ embodimentμοσχοποιέω I make a calf-idolμόσχος -ου ὁ calfμουσικός -ή -όν musicianμόχθος -ου ὁ labor exertionμυελός -οῦ ὁ marrowμυέω I learn a secret initiateμῦθος -ου ὁ myth legendμυκάομαι I roarμυκτηρίζω I ridicule disdainμυλικός -ή -όν from a millμῦλινος -η -ον from a millμύλος -ου ὁ mill millstoneΜύρα -ων τά Myra (city)μυριάς -άδος ἡ myriad (10000)μυρίζω I anointμύριοι -αι -α ten thousandμυρίος -α -ον countless

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μύρον -ου τό perfume ointmentΜυσία -ας ἡ Mysia (province)μυστήριον -ου τό mystery secretμυωπάζω I am blindμώλωψ -ωπος ὁ welt bruise woundμωμάομαι I censure blameμῶμος -ου ὁ blemish blameμωραίνω I become foolishμωρία -ας ἡ foolishnessμωρολογία -ας ἡ foolish talkμωρός -ά -όν foolishΜωϋσῆς -έως ὁ MosesΝΝαασσών ὁ NahshonΝαγγαί ὁ NaggaiΝαζαρά ἡ NazarethΝαζαρέθ ἡ NazarethΝαζαρέτ ἡ NazarethΝαζαρηνός -ή -όν NazareneΝαζωραῖος -ου ὁ a NazareneΝαθάμ ὁ NathanΝαθαναήλ ὁ Nathanaelναί yesΝαιμάν ὁ NaamanΝαΐν ἡ Nain (town)ναός -οῦ ὁ templeΝαούμ ὁ Nahumνάρδος -ου ἡ spikenard perfumeΝάρκισσος -ου ὁ Narcissusναυαγέω I am shipwreckedναύκληρος -ου ὁ captain ship-ownerναῦς ἡ shipναύτης -ου ὁ sailorΝαχώρ ὁ Nahorνεανίας -ου ὁ young manνεανίσκος -ου ὁ young manΝέα Πόλις ἡ Neapolisνεκρός -ά -όν dead uselessνεκρόω I put to deathνέκρωσις -εως ἡ deathνεομηνία -ας ἡ new moonνέος -α -ον new fresh noviceνεότης -ητος ἡ youthνεόφυτος -ον newly convertedνεύω I nod gestureνεφέλη -ης ἡ cloudΝεφθαλίμ ὁ Naphtaliνέφος -ους τό cloud crowdνεφρός -οῦ ὁ kidney desireνεωκόρος -ου ὁ temple keeperνεωτερικός -ή -όν youthful

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νή byνήθω I spinνηπιάζω I am a childνήπιος -α -ον infant childΝηρεύς -έως ὁ NereusΝηρί ὁ Neriνησίον -ου τό small islandνῆσος -ου ἡ islandνηστεία -ας ἡ fasting not eatingνηστεύω I fast abstain from

foodνῆστις -ιδος ὁ ἡ hungryνηφάλιος -α -ον restrainedνήφω I am self-controlledΝίγερ ὁ NigerΝικάνωρ -ορος ὁ Nicanorνικάω I conquer prevailνίκη -ης ἡ victoryΝικόδημος -ου ὁ NicodemusΝικολαΐτης -ου ὁ NicolaitanΝικόλαος -ου ὁ NicolausΝικόπολις -εως ἡ Nicopolisνῖκος -ους τό victoryΝινευή NinevehΝινευίτης -ου ὁ Nineviteνιπτήρ -ῆρος ὁ washbasinνίπτω I washνοέω I understand perceiveνόημα -ατος τό mind plotνόθος -η -ον illegitimate childνομή -ῆς ἡ pastureνομίζω I think supposeνομικός -ή -όν lawfulνομίμως lawfullyνόμισμα -ατος τό coinνομοδιδάσκαλος-ου ὁ

teacher of the law

νομοθεσία -ας ἡ legislation giving lawνομοθετέω I legislate lawνομοθέτης -ου ὁ lawgiverνόμος -ου ὁ law principle Lawνοσέω I am sick am ailingνόσος -ου ἡ disease illnessνοσσιά -ᾶς ἡ brood nestνοσσίον -ου τό young birdνοσσός -οῦ ὁ young birdνοσφίζω I embezzleνότος -ου ὁ south south windνουθεσία -ας ἡ admonition warningνουθετέω I admonish instructνουνεχῶς wisely thoughtfully

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νοῦς νοός ὁ mind intellectΝύμφα -ας ἡ Nymphaνύμφη -ης ἡ brideνυμφίος -ου ὁ bridegroomνυμφών -ῶνος ὁ wedding hallνῦν nowνυνί nowνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightνύσσω I pierce stab prickνυστάζω I grow sleepy dozeνυχθήμερον -ου τό a night and a dayΝῶε ὁ Noahνωθρός -ά -όν lazy sluggishνῶτος -ου ὁ backΞξαίνω I comb woolξενία -ας ἡ hospitality guest roomξενίζω I entertain surpriseξενοδοχέω I show hospitalityξένος -η -ον foreign strangeξέστης -ου ὁ pitcherξηραίνω I dry dry up witherξηρός -ά -όν dry driedξύλινος -η -ον woodenξύλον -ου τό wood tree crossξυράω I shaveΟὁ ἡ τό theὀγδοήκοντα eightyὄγδοος -η -ον eighthὄγκος -ου ὁ impediment burdenὅδε ἥδε τόδε thisὁδεύω I travel journeyὁδηγέω I lead guideὁδηγός -οῦ ὁ leader guideὁδοιπορέω I travel journeyὁδοιπορία -ας ἡ journeyὁδός -οῦ ἡ road way journeyὀδούς ὀδόντος ὁ toothὀδυνάω I am in painὀδύνη -ης ἡ pain woeὀδυρμός -οῦ ὁ mourning lamentationὈζίας -ου ὁ Uzziahὄζω I stink smellὅθεν from where whenceὀθόνη -ης ἡ sheet linen clothὀθόνιον -ου τό linen clothοἶδα I knowοἰκεῖος -α -ον relative kinοἰκετεία -ας ἡ house slaveοἰκέτης -ου ὁ house slave

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οἰκέω I dwell live resideοἴκημα -ατος τό room apartmentοἰκητήριον -ου τό dwelling placeοἰκία -ας ἡ houseοἰκιακός -οῦ ὁ relative householdοἰκοδεσποτέω I keep houseοἰκοδεσπότης -ου ὁ house managerοἰκοδομέω I buildοἰκοδομή -ῆς ἡ building edifyingοἰκοδόμος -ου ὁ builderοἰκονομέω I manage administerοἰκονομία -ας ἡ management order

planοἰκονόμος -ου ὁ administrator managerοἶκος -ου ὁ house familyοἰκουμένη -ης ἡ world inhabited earthοἰκουργός -όν homemakerοἰκτιρμός -οῦ ὁ pity mercyοἰκτίρμων -ον mercifulοἰκτίρω I have compassionοἰνοπότης -ου ὁ drunkardοἶνος -ου ὁ wineοἰνοφλυγία -ας ἡ drunkennessοἴομαι I think expectοἷος -α -ον of what sort such asοἴσω φέρωὀκνέω I hesitate delayὀκνηρός -ά -όν idle lazyὀκταήμερος -ον on the eighth dayὀκτώ eightὄλεθρος -ου ὁ ruin destructionὀλιγοπιστία -ας ἡ little faithὀλιγόπιστος -ον of little faithὀλίγος -η -ον small few littleὀλιγόψυχος -ον discouragedὀλιγωρέω I despise make lightὀλίγως hardly barelyὀλοθρευτής -οῦ ὁ destroyerὀλοθρεύω I destroy ruinὀλοκαύτωμα -ατος τό whole burnt offeringὀλοκληρία -ας ἡ wholenessὀλόκληρος -ον whole entireὀλολύζω I cry aloud wailὅλος -η -ον whole entireὁλοτελής -ές completelyὈλυμπᾶς ᾶ ὁ Olympasὄλυνθος -ου ὁ summer figὅλως completely reallyὄμβρος -ου ὁ rain-stormὁμείρομαι I have affection forὁμιλέω I speak talk

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ὁμιλία -ας ἡ association intercourse

ὁμίχλη -ης ἡ mist fogὄμμα -ατος τό eyeὀμνύω I swear take an oathὁμοθυμαδόν with one mindὁμοιοπαθής -ές same desiresὅμοιος -α -ον like similarὁμοιότης -ητος ἡ likeness similarityὁμοιόω I make like compareὁμοίωμα -ατος τό likeness image copyὁμοίως likewise similarlyὁμοίωσις -εως ἡ likeness resemblanceὁμολογέω I promise confessὁμολογία -ας ἡ confessionὁμολογουμένως undeniably certainlyὁμότεχνος -ον of the same tradeὁμοῦ togetherὁμόφρων -ον like-mindedὅμως yet althoughὄναρ τό dreamὀνάριον -ου τό foal donkeyὀνειδίζω I revile insultὀνειδισμός -οῦ ὁ insultὄνειδος -ους τό disgraceὈνήσιμος -ου ὁ OnesimusὈνησίφορος -ου ὁ Onesiphorusὀνικός -ή -όν of a donkeyὀνίνημι I benefit enjoyὄνομα -ατος τό nameὀνομάζω I name callὄνος -ου ὁ ἡ donkeyὄντως really certainlyὄξος ους τό sour wine vinegarὀξύς -εῖα ύ sharp quickὀπή -ῆς ἡ hole openingὄπισθεν from behindὀπίσω behind afterὁπιλίζω I equip arm prepareὅπλον -ου τό tool weaponὁποῖος -α -ον what sort ofὅπου whereὀπτάνομαι I appearὀπτασία -ας ἡ a vision tranceὀπτός -ή -όν roasted bakedὀπώρα -ας ἡ ripe fruitὅπως how so thatὅραμα -ατος τό a visionὅρασις -εως ἡ a visionὁρατός -ή -όν visibleὁράω I see appear witness

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510

ὀργή -ῆς ἡ anger wrathὀργίζω I am angryὀργίλος -η -ον easily angeredὀργυιά -ᾶς ἡ fathom (6 ft)ὀρέγω I stretch out reachὀρεινός -ή -όν hilly mountainousὄρεξις -εως ἡ longing desireὀρθοποδέω I walk uprightὀρθός -ή -όν upright straightὀρθοτομέω I teach correctlyὀρθρίζω I get up earlyὀρθρινός -ή -όν early morningὄρθρος -ου ὁ early morningὀρθῶς correctlyὁρίζω I determine appointὅριον -ου τό boundary regionὁρκίζω I imploreὅρκος -ου ὁ oathὁρκωμοσία -ας ἡ oathὁρμάω I rush set outὁρμή -ῆς ἡ will inclination desireὅρμημα -ατος τό sudden violenceὄρνεον -ου τό birdὄρνις -ιθος ὁ ἡ birdὁροθεσία -ας ἡ boundaryὄρος -ους τό mountainὀρύσσω I digὀρφανός -ή -όν orphanedὀρχέομαι I danceὅς ἥ ὅ who whichὁσάκις whenever as often asὅσιος -α -ον holy devout piousὁσιότης -ητος ἡ piety holinessὁσίως devoutly holyὀσμή -ῆς ἡ fragrance odorὅσος -η -ον as many as as much asὀστέον ου τό boneὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι whoever whateverὀστράκινος -η -ον earthenwareὄσφρησις -εως ἡ sense of smellὀσφῦς -ύος ἡ waist loinsὅταν wheneverὅτε when whileὅτι that becauseοὗ whereοὐ notοὔ noοὐά ahaοὐαί woeοὐδαμῶς by no meansοὐδέ and not nor neither

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οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no one nobodyοὐδέποτε neverοὐδέπω not yetοὐκέτι no more no longerοὐκοῦν therefore soοὖν so therefore thenοὔπω not yetοὐρά -ᾶς ἡ tailοὐράνιος -ον heavenlyοὐρανόθεν from heavenουρανός -οῦ ὁ heavenΟὐρβανός -οῦ ὁ UrbanusΟὐρίας -ου ὁ Uriahοὖς ὠτός τό earοὐσία -ας ἡ property wealthοὔτε nor neitherοὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο thisοὕτως thus in this manner soοὐχί notὀφειλέτης -ου ὁ debtorὀφειλή -ῆς ἡ debtὀφείλημα -ατος τό debt sinὀφείλω I owe am in debtὄφελον would thatὄφελος -ους τό benefit goodὀφθαλμοδουλία-ας ἡ

eye-service

ὀφθαλμός -οῦ ὁ eyeὄφις -εως ὁ snakeὀφρῦς -ύος ἡ brow cliff edgeὀχλέω I cause troubleὀχλοποιέω I gather a crowdὄχλος -ου ὁ crowdὀχύρωμα -ατος τό fortressὀψάριον -ου τό fishὀψέ late eveningὄψιμος -ον late latter (rain)ὄψιος -α -ον late eveningὄψις -εως ἡ appearance faceὄψομαι ὁράωβλέπωὀψώνιον -ου τό wage payΠπαγιδεύω I snare trapπαγίς -ίδος ἡ trap snareπάθημα -ατος τό suffering misfortuneπαθητός -ή -όν subject to sufferingπάθος -ους τό sufferingπαιδαγωγός -οῦ ὁ guardian guideπαιδάριον -ου τό childπαιδεία -ας ἡ upbringing trainingπαιδευτής -οῦ ὁ instructor teacher

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παιδεύω I instruct trainπαιδιόθεν from childhoodπαιδίον -ου τό childπαιδίσκη -ης ἡ slave girlπαίζω I play danceπαῖς παιδός ὁ ἡ child servantπαίω I strike hit woundπάλαι long ago formerlyπαλαιός -ά όν oldπαλαιότης -ητος ἡ ageπαλαιόω I become old ageπάλη -ης ἡ fightπαλιγγενεσία -ας ἡ rebirth regenerationπάλιν againπαμπληθεί all togetherΠαμφυλία -ας ἡ Pamphyliaπανδοχεῖον -ου τό innπανδοχεύς -έως ὁ innkeeperπανήγυρις -εως ἡ celebrationπανοικεί whole houseπανοπλία -ας ἡ full armor panoplyπανουργία -ας ἡ cunning trickeryπανοῦργος -ον crafty sly cleverπανταχῇ everywhereπανταχοῦ everywhereπαντελής -ές perfect completeπάντῃ in every wayπάντοθεν from all directionsπαντοκράτωρ -ορος ὁ Almightyπάντοτε alwaysπάντως certainly doubtlessπαρά from (Gen)παρά beside in the presence

of (Dat)παρά alongside of (Acc)παραβαίνω I transgress deviateπαραβάλλω I approach cross overπαράβασις -εως ἡ transgressionπαραβάτης -ου ὁ transgressorπαραβιάζομαι I urge forceπαραβολεύομαι I risk expose to dangerπαραβολή -ῆς ἡ parable illustrationπαραγγελία -ας ἡ order commandπαραγγέλλω I command order

directπαραγίνομαι I come arriveπαράγω I pass byalongπαραδειγματίζω I expose disgraceπαράδεισος -ου ὁ paradiseπαραδέξομαι παραδέχομαιπαραδέχομαι I receive welcome

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παραδίδωμι I hand over betrayπαράδοξος -ον incredible wonderfulπαράδοσις -εως ἡ traditionπαραδώσω παραδίδωμιπαραζηλόω I make jealousπαραθαλάσσιος -α-ον

by the sea

παραθεωρέω I overlook disregardπαραθήκη -ης ἡ deposit what is

entrustedπαρέβην παραβαίνωπαραθήσω παρατίθημιπαραινέω I advise recommendπαραιτέομαι I ask for declineπαρακαθέζομαι I sit besideπαρακαλέω I call inviteπαρακαλύπτω I hide concealπαράκειμαι I am ready am presentπαρακεκάλυμμαι παρακαλύπτωπαράκλησις -εως ἡ encouragementπαράκλητος -ου ὁ the Helperπαρακοή -ῆς ἡ disobedienceπαρακολουθέω I follow investigateπαρακούω I overhear disobeyπαρακύπτω I bend over look intoπαραλαμβάνω I take with take overπαραλέγομαι I sail pastπαραλήμψομαι παραλαμβάνωπαράλιος -ον coastalπαραλλαγή -ῆς ἡ change variationπαραλογίζομαι I deceive defraudπαραλυτικός -ή -όν lame paralyzedπαραλύω I undo weakenπαραμένω I remain with stayπαραμυθέομαι I encourage consoleπαραμυθία -ας ἡ encouragementπαραμύθιον -ου τό encouragementπαρανομέω I disobeyπαρανομία -ας ἡ lawlessnessπαραπικραίνω I rebelπαραπικρασμός -οῦ ὁ revolt rebellionπαραπίπτω I go astray missπαραπλέω I sail pastπαραπλήσιος -α-ον

very similar

παραπλησίως similarly likewiseπαραπορεύομαι I go by pass byπαράπτωμα -ατος τό sinπαραρρέω I drift away slip awayπαράσημος -ον distinguished emblemπαρασκευάζω I prepare get ready

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παρασκευή -ῆς ἡ preparationπαραστήσω παρίστημιπαρατείνω I prolong extendπαρατηρέω I watch observeπαρατήρησις -εως ἡ observationπαρατίθημι I place before entrustπαρατυγχάνω I happen to be nearπαραυτίκα immediatelyπαραφέρω I carry away removeπαραφρονέω I am insaneπαραφρονία -ας ἡ insanityπαραχειμάζω I spend the winterπαραχειμασία -ας ἡ spending the winterπαραχρῆμα suddenly immediatelyπάρδαλις -εως ἡ leopardπαρέβην παραβαίνωπαρεβιασάμην παραβιάζομαιπαρεγενόμην παραγίνομαιπαρεδέδωκα παραδίδωμιπαρεδόθην παραδίδωμιπαρεδρεύω I serveπαρέδωκα παραδίδωμιπαρέθηκα παρατίθημιπαρεῖμαι παρίημιπάρειμι I am present arriveπαρεισάγω I bring inπαρείσακτος -ον smuggled inπαρεισάξω παρεισάγωπαρεισδύω I sneak into slip inπαρεισέρχομαι I slip inπαρεισῆλθον παρεισέρχομαιπαρεισήνεγκα παρεισφέρωπαρεισφέρω I make an effort applyπαρεκτός besides except forπαρέκυψα παρακύπτωπαρέλαβον παραλαμβάνωπαρελεύσομαι παρέρχομαιπαρελήλυθα παρέρχομαιπαρελήμφθην παραλαμβάνωπαρεμβάλλω I surround set upπαρεμβολή -ῆς ἡ a camp an armyπαρέμεινα παραμένωπαρενοχλέω I annoy troubleπαρέξω παρέχωπαρέπεσον παραπίπτωπαρεπίδημος -ον stranger sojourningπαρερρύην παραρρέωπαρέρχομαι I go by pass byπάρεσις -εως ἡ passing over

disregardingπαρέσομαι πάρειμι

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παρέστηκα παρίστημιπαρέστησα παρίστημιπαρέσχον παρέχωπαρέχω I offer grant bring

aboutπαρηγορία -ας ἡ comfortπαρῆκα παρίημιπαρῆλθον παρέρχομαιπαρήνεγκον παραφέρωπαρῄτημαι παραιτέομαιπαρῃτησάμην παραιτέομαιπαρθενία -ας ἡ virginityπαρθένος -ου ἡ ὁ virginΠάρθοι -ων οἱ Parthiansπαρίημι I neglect avoidπαρίστημι I come help provideΠαρμενᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Parmenasπάροδος -ου ἡ passage passing byπαροικέω I dwell as a strangerπαροικία -ας ἡ temporary residenceπάροικος -ον stranger temporary

residentπαροιμία -ας ἡ proverb parableπάροινος -ον drunkπαροίχομαι I pass (time)παρομοιάζω I am likeπαρόμοιος -ον similar likeπαροξύνω I urge am upsetπαροξυσμός -οῦ ὁ stirring up provokingπαροργίζω I make angryπαροργισμός -οῦ ὁ angerπαροργιῶ παροργίζωπαροτρύνω I incite arouseπαρουσία -ας ἡ presence arrivalπαροψίς -ίδος ἡ plate dishπαρρησία -ας ἡ openness courageπαρρησιάζομαι I speak freelyopenlyπαρῴχημαι παροίχομαιπᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν all whole every anyπάσχα τό the Passoverπάσχω I suffer experienceΠάταρα -ων τά Patara (city)πατάξω πατάσσωπατάσσω I strike hitπατέω I step on walk onπατήρ πατρός ὁ father ancestorΠάτμος -ου ὁ Patmos (island)πατριά -ᾶς ἡ family clan nationπατριάρχης -ου ὁ patriarchπατρικός -ή -όν of ancestorsπατρίς -ίδος ἡ homeland fatherland

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Πατροβᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Patrobasπατρολῴας -ου ὁ father murdererπατροπαράδοτος -ον inheritedπατρῷος -α -ον inherited from fatherΠαῦλος -ου ὁ Paulπαύω I stop cause to ceaseΠάφος -ου ἡ Paphos (city)παχύνω I am dull make fatπέδη -ης ἡ fetter shackleπεδινός -ή -όν flat levelπεζεύω I travel on footπεζῇ by landπειθαρχέω I obeyπειθός -ή -όν persuasiveπείθω I persuade convinceπεινάω I hungerπεῖρα -ας ἡ attempt trialπειράζω I test tempt attemptπειράομαι I try attemptπειρασμός -οῦ ὁ test temptationπεισμονή -ῆς ἡ persuasionπείσω πείθωπέλαγος -ους τό open seaπελεκίζω I beheadπέμπτος -η -ον fifthπέμπω I sendπένης -ητος poor needyπενθερά -ᾶς ἡ mother-in-lawπενθερός -οῦ ὁ father-in-lawπενθέω I grieve mournπένθος -ους τό grief mourningπενιχρός -ά -όν poor needyπεντάκις five timesπεντακισχίλιοι -αι-α

five thousand

πεντακόσιοι -αι -α five hundredπέντε fiveπεντεκαιδέκατος -η-ον

fifteenth

πεντήκοντα fiftyπεντηκοστή -ῆς ἡ Pentecostπέπεισμαι πείθωπεπίεσμαι πιέζωπέποιθα πείθωπεποίθησις -εως ἡ confidence trustπέπονθα πάσχωπεπότικα ποτίζωπέπραγμαι πράσσωπέπραχα πράσσωπέπτωκα πίπτωπέπωκα πίνω

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περαιτέρω furthermore beyondπέραν across other sideπέρας -ατος τό end limit boundaryΠέργαμος -ου ἡ PergamumΠέργη -ης ἡ Pergaπερί concerning about

(Gen)περί around (Acc)περιάγω I travel aboutπεριαιρέω I remove take awayπεριάπτω I kindle start a fireπεριαστράπτω I shine aroundπεριβάλλω I put on clotheπεριβέβλημαι περιβάλλωπεριβλέπω I look aroundπεριβόλαιον -ου τό clothing cloakπεριδέω I bind wrap aroundπεριέδραμον περιτρέχωπεριέζωσα περιζώννυμιπεριέθηκα περιτίθημιπεριεῖλον περιαιρέωπεριέλαμψα περιλάμπωπεριέπεσον περιπίπτωπεριεργάζομαι I am a busybodyπερίεργος -ον busybody witchcraftπεριέρρηξα περιρήγνυμιπεριέρχομαι I go around travel

aboutπεριέστηκα περιΐστημιπεριέστην περιΐστημιπεριέχον περιέχωπεριέχω I surround containπεριζώννυμι I get ready gird aboutπεριζώσμαι περιζώννυμιπεριζώσω περιζώννυμιπεριῆλθον περιέρχομαιπεριήστραψα περιαστράπτωπεριῆψα περιάπτωπερίθεσις -εως ἡ wearing put aroundπεριΐστημι I avoid stand aroundπερικάθαρμα -ατος

τόgarbage dirt refuse

περικαλύπτω I cover concealπερίκειμαι I be around wearπερικεκάλυμμαι περικαλύπτωπερικεφαλαία -ας ἡ helmetπερικρατής -ές being in controlπερικρύβω I hide concealπερικυκλόω I surround encircleπεριλάμπω I shine aroundπεριλείπομαι I remain

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περίλυπος -ον grieving very sadπεριμένω I wait forπέριξ aroundπεριοικέω I live nearbyπερίοικος -ον neighborπεριούσιος -ον chosen specialπεριοχή -ῆς ἡ passage (of text)περιπατέω I walk about roamπεριπείρω I impale pierceπεριπίπτω I fall into encounterπεριποιέω I acquire obtainπεριποίησις -εως ἡ gaining possessionsπεριρήγνυμι I tear offπερισπάω I am distractedπερισσεία -ας ἡ abundance surplusπερίσσευμα -ατος τό abundance fulnessπερισσεύω I aboundπερισσός -ή -όν abundant exceptionalπερισσότερος -α-ον

greater more

περισσοτέρως more far greaterπερισσῶς exceedinglyπεριστερά -ᾶς ἡ dove pigeonπεριτέμνω I circumciseπεριτίθημι I put around grantπεριτομή -ῆς ἡ circumcisionπεριτρέπω I turn change toπεριτρέχω I run aroundπεριφέρω I carry aroundπεριφρονέω I disregard despiseπερίχωρος -ον neighboringπερίψημα -ατος τό garbage dirtπερπερεύομαι I brag boastΠερσίς -ίδος ἡ Persisπέρυσι last yearπεσοῦμαι πίπτωπετεινόν -οῦ τό birdπέτομαι I flyπέτρα -ας ἡ rockΠέτρος -ου ὁ Peterπετρώδης -ες rockyπήγανον -ου τό rue garden herbπηγή -ῆς ἡ spring wellπήγνυμι I make firmπηδάλιον -ου τό rudderπηλίκος -η -ον how large how greatπηλός -οῦ ὁ clay mudπήρα -ας ἡ knapsackπηρόω I disable blindπῆχυς -εως ἡ cubic forearm lengthπιάζω I seize arrest

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πιέζω I press downπιθανολογία -ας ἡ convincing speechπικραίνω I am embitteredπικρανῶ πικραίνωπικρία -ας ἡ bitterness animosityπικρός -ά -όν bitter resentfulπικρῶς bitterlyΠιλᾶτος -ου ὁ Pilateπίμπλημι I fill fulfillπίμπρημι I have a fever swell upπινακίδιον -ου τό tabletπίναξ -ακος ἡ writing tabletπίνω I drinkπίομαι πίνωπιότης -τητος ἡ fatness richnessπιπράσκω I sellπίπτω I fall perishΠισιδία -ας ἡ PisidiaΠισίδιος -α -ον Pisidianπιστεύω I believe trustπιστικός -ή -όν faithful genuineπίστις -εως ἡ faith trust proofπιστός -ή -όν faithful trustworthyπιστόω I convinceπλανάω I mislead deceiveπλάνη -ης ἡ wandering deceptionπλανήτης -ου ὁ wandererπλάνος -ον deceitful misleadingπλάξ πλακός ἡ tabletπλάσμα -ατος τό image figureπλάσσω I form make moldπλαστός -ή -όν fabricatedπλατεῖα -ας ἡ street wide roadπλάτος -ους τό breadth widthπλατύνω I widen make broadπλατύς -εῖα -ύ wide broadπλέγμα -ατος τό braid weavingπλέκω I weave braidπλεονάζω I increase become

greatπλεονεκτέω I exploit outwit cheatπλεονέκτης -ου ὁ greedy personπλεονεξία -ας ἡ greediness

covetousnessπλευρά -ᾶς ἡ side of the bodyπλέω I sailπληγή -ῆς ἡ wound blowπλῆθος -ους τό large number crowdπληθύνω I increase multiplyπλήκτης -ου ὁ bully combative

person

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πλήμμυρα -ης ἡ floodπλήν but except howeverπλήρης -ες full completeπληροφορέω I fulfill completeπληροφορία -ας ἡ certaintyπληρόω I fulfill complete

finishπλήρωμα -ατος τό fulfillment fullnessπλησίον near neighbor closeπλησμονή -ῆς ἡ satisfactionπλήσσω I strikeπλοιάριον -ου τό small boatπλοῖον -ου τό boatπλοῦς πλοός ὁ sailing voyageπλούσιος -α -ον rich wealthyπλουσίως rich abundantlyπλουτέω I become richπλουτίζω I make richπλοῦτος -ου ὁ τό wealth richesπλύνω I washπνεῦμα -ατος τό spirit wind breathπνευματικός -ή -όν spiritualπνευματικῶς spirituallyπνέω I blow breathe outπνίγω I choke strangleπνικτός -ή -όν chokedπνοή -ῆς ἡ wind breathποδήρης -ες (robe) to the feetπόθεν from where whenceποιέω I do make performποίημα -ατος τό product creationποίησις -εως ἡ doing creation workποιητής -οῦ ὁ doer poetποικίλος -η -ον of various kindsποιμαίνω I shepherd tend herdποιμήν -ένος ὁ shepherd pastorποίμνη -ης ἡ flockποίμνιον -ου τό flockποῖος -α -ον which what kind ofπολεμέω I fight make warπόλεμος -ου ὁ war fightπόλις -εως ἡ city townπολιτάρχης -ου ὁ city official magistrateπολιτεία -ας ἡ citizenship stateπολίτευμα -ατος τό place of citizenshipπολιτεύομαι I live conduct myselfπολίτης -ου ὁ citizenπολλάκις often frequentlyπολλαπλασίων -ον many times manifoldπολυλογία -ας ἡ wordinessπολυμερῶς in many ways often

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πολυποίκιλος -ον many-sided manifoldπολύς πολλή πολύ many much greatπολύσπλαγχνος -ον sympathetic

compassionateπολυτελής -ές expensiveπολύτιμος -ον valuable preciousπολυτρόπως in many waysπόμα -ατος τό a drinkπονηρία -ας ἡ wickedness sinfulnessπονηρός -ά -όν wicked evilπόνος -ου ὁ labor toil painΠοντικός -ή -όν from PontusΠόντιος -ου ὁ Pontiusπόντος -ου ὁ open seaΠόντος -ου ὁ PontusΠόπλιος -ου ὁ Publiusπορεία -ας ἡ journey trip conductπορεύομαι I go travelπορθέω I pilage destroyπορισμός -οῦ ὁ gaining wealthΠόρκιος -ου ὁ Porciusπορνεία -ας ἡ prostitutionπορνεύω I commit immoralityπόρνη -ης ἡ prostitute harlotπόρνος -ου ὁ immoral fornicatorπόρρω far awayπόρρωθεν farther at a distanceπορφύρα -ας ἡ purple clothπορφυρόπωλις-ιδος ἡ

dealer in purple cloth

πορφυροῦς -ᾶ οῦν purpleποσάκις how oftenπόσις -εως ἡ a drink drinkingπόσος -η -ον how many how

muchποταμός -οῦ ὁ river streamποταμοφόρητος -ον swept away by a floodποταπός -ή -όν what sort ofπότε when everποτέ once formerlyπότερον whetherποτήριον -ου τό cupποτίζω I give to drinkΠοτίολοι -ων οἱ Puteoliπότος -ου ὁ drinking party orgyποῦ whereπού somewhere aboutΠούδης -εντος ὁ Pudensπούς ποδός ὁ footπρᾶγμα -ατος τό event deed

undertaking

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πραγματεία -ας ἡ activity occupationπραγματεύομαι I trade do businessπραιτώριον -ου τό palace palace guardπράκτωρ -ορος ὁ officer constableπρᾶξις -εως ἡ deed function actπράξω πράσσωπρασιά -ᾶς ἡ garden groupπράσσω I do accomplishπραϋπάθεια -ας ἡ gentlenessπραΰς πραεῖα πραΰ gentleπραΰτης -ητος ἡ gentlenessπρέπω I am fitting suitableπρεσβεία -ας ἡ ambassadorπρεσβεύω I am an ambassadorπρεσβυτέριον -ου τό elder councilπρεσβύτερος -α -ον elderπρεσβύτης -ου ὁ old manπρεσβῦτις -ιδος ἡ old womanπρηνής -ές prostrate head firstπρίζω I saw in two cutπρίν before formerlyΠρίσκα -ης ἡ PriscaΠρίσκιλλα -ης ἡ Priscillaπρό before aboveπροάγω I lead precedeπροαιρέω I choose preferπροαιτιάομαι I accuse beforehandπροακούω I hear beforeπροαμαρτάνω I sin beforeπρόαξω προάγωπροαύλιον -ου τό gateway forecourtπροβαίνω I go on advanceπροβάλλω I put forward sproutπροβατικός -ή -όν of sheepπρόβατον -ου τό sheepπροβέβηκα προβαίνωπροβιβάζω I urge bring forwardπροβλέπω I foresee provide forπρογέγονα προγίνομαιπρογίνομαι I happened beforeπρογινώσκω I have foreknowledgeπρόγνωσις -εως ἡ foreknowledgeπρόγονος -ον forefather parentπρογράφω I write beforehandπρόδηλος -ον clear obvious evidentπροδίδωμι I betrayπροδότης -ου ὁ traitor betrayerπρόδρομος -ον forerunnerπροέβην προβαίνωπροεγέγραμμαι προγράφωπροέγνων προγινώσκω

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προέγνωσμαι προγινώσκωπροέδραμον προτρέχωπροέδωκα προδίδωμιπροέθηκα προτίθημιπροεῖδον προοράωπροεἶπον προλέγωπροείρηκα προλέγωπροείρημαι προλέγωπροεκήρυξα προκηρύσσωπροέκοψα προκόπτωπροελεύσομαι προέρχομαιπροελήμφθην προλαμβάνωπροελπίζω I hope beforehandπροενάρχομαι I begin previouslyπροεπαγγέλλω I promise beforeπροέπαθον προπάσχωπροεπέμφθην προπέμπωπροέπεμψα προπέμπωπροεπήγγελμαι προεπαγγέλλωπροέρχομαι I go on proceedπροέστηκα προΐστημιπροέστησα προΐστημιπροετοιμάζω I prepare beforehandπροευαγγελίζομαι I proclaim good news

beforehandπροέχω I excel have

advantageπροεώρακα προοράωπροήγαγον προάγωπροηγέομαι I outdo esteemπροῆλθον προέρχομαιπροήλπικα προελπίζωπροῄρημαι προαιρέωπρόθεσις -εως ἡ presentation planπροθεσμία -ας ἡ set timeπροθυμία -ας ἡ eagerness readinessπρόθυμος -ον eager ready willingπροθύμως eagerly willinglyπρόϊμος -ον early (rain)προΐστημι I guide care for aidπροκαλέω I provoke challengeπροκαταγγέλλω I foretell announceπροκαταρτίζω I prepareπροκατέχω I have advantageπρόκειμαι I am exposed lie

beforeπροκηρύσσω I preach beforeπροκοπή -ῆς ἡ progressπροκόπτω I prosper accomplishπροκόψω προκόπτωπρόκριμα -ατος τό discrimination

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partialityπροκυρόω I preferπρολαμβάνω I anticipate undertakeπρολέγω I predict say

beforehandπρομαρτύρομαι I predictπρομελετάω I prepare plan aheadπρομεριμνάω I worry beforehandπρονοέω I have foresightπρόνοια -ας ἡ foresightπροοράω I foreseeπροορίζω I decide beforehandπροπάσχω I suffer beforeπροπάτωρ -ορος ὁ ancestor forefatherπροπέμπω I accompanyπροπετής -ές reckless thoughtlessπροπορεύομαι I precede leadπρός for (Gen)πρός near at by (Dat)πρός to towards with (Acc)προσάββατον -ου τό Friday (before

Sabbath)προσαγορεύω I name callπροσάγω I approachπροσαγωγή -ῆς ἡ approachπροσαιτέω I begπροσαίτης -ου ὁ beggarπροσαναβαίνω I move up go upπροσαναλαμβάνω I welcomeπροσαναλίσκω I spend a lotπροσαναπληρόω I provide fullyπροσανατίθημι I add consult withπροσανέβην προσαναβαίνωπροσανέθηκα προσανατίθημιπροσαπειλέω I threaten furtherπροσαχέω I resoundπροσδαπανάω I spend in additionπροσδέομαι I need moreπροσδέχομαι I accept welcomeπροσδοκάω I expect wait forπροσδοκία -ας η expectationπροσεάω I allow to go fartherπροσεγγίζω I approachπροσεδεξάμην προσδέχομαιπροσέδραμον προστρέχωπροσέθηκα προστίθημιπροσέκοψα προσκόπτωπροσελήλυθα προσέρχομαιπροσενήνοχα προσφέρωπροσέπεσον προσπίπτωπροσέπηξα προσπήγνυμι

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προσεργάζομαι I make moreπροσέρηξα προσρήγνυμιπροσέρχομαι I approach come toπροσέσχηκα προσέχωπροσέταξα προστάσσωπροσεύξομαι προσεύχομαιπροσευχή -ῆς ἡ prayerπροσεύχομαι I prayπροσέχω I pay attentionπροσήγαγον προσάγωπροσῆλθον προσέρχομαιπροσηλόω I nail ontoπροσήλυτος -ου ὁ proselyte convertπροσήνεγκα προσφέρωπροσηνέχθην προσφέρωπροσηυξάμην προσεύχομαιπρόσκαιρος -ον temporary transitoryπροσκαλέω I summon callπροσκαρτερέω I wait on persist serveπροσκαρτέρησις-εως ἡ

perseverance

προσκεφάλαιον -ου τό

pillow

προσκληρόω I assign joinπροσκλίνω I join incline towardπρόσκλισις -εως ἡ inclination prejudiceπροσκολλάω I join am devoted toπρόσκομμα -ατος τό stumbling offenseπροσκοπή -ῆς ἡ obstacle offenseπροσκόπτω I strike stumbleπροσκυλίω I roll up toπροσκυνέω I worshipπροσκυνητής -οῦ ὁ worshiperπροσλαλέω I speak to addressπροσλαμβάνω I partake welcomeπρόσλημψις -εως ἡ acceptanceπροσμένω I remain stay onπροσορμίζω I moor come to portπροσοφείλω I oweπροσοχθίζω I am angry offendedπρόσπεινος -ον hungryπροσπήγνυμι I crucifyπροσπίπτω I prostrate beat uponπροσποιέω I pretend take noticeπροσπορεύομαι I approachπροσρήγνυμι I strike against shatterπροστάσσω I command orderπροστάτις -ιδος ἡ defender guardianπροστίθημι I add give grantπροστρέχω I run up toπροσφάγιον -ου τό fish relish

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πρόσφατος -ον new recentπροσφάτως recentlyπροσφέρω I bring to offer

presentπροσφιλής -ές pleasing lovelyπροσφορά -ᾶς ἡ sacrifice offering giftπροσφωνέω I address call outπρόσχυσις -εως ἡ pouring sprinklingπροσψαύω I touchπροσωπολημπτέω I am partial biasedπροσωπολήμπτης-ου ὁ

one who shows partiality

προσωπολημψία-ας ἡ

partiality

πρόσωπον -ου τό face appearanceπροτείνω I stretch out spreadπρότερος -α -ον earlier beforeπροτίθημι I plan purpose displayπροτρέπω I urge persuadeπροτρέχω I run in front ofπροϋπάρχω I exist beforeπρόφασις -εως ἡ pretense excuseπροφέρω I produce bring outπροφητεία -ας ἡ prophecyπροφητεύω I prophesyπροφήτης -ου ὁ prophetπροφητικός -ή -όν propheticπροφῆτις -ιδος ἡ prophetessπροφθάνω I anticipateπροχειρίζομαι I select in advanceπροχειροτονέω I choose beforehandΠρόχορος -ου ὁ Prochorusπρύμνα -ης ἡ stern (of boat)πρωΐ early morningπρωΐα -ας ἡ morningπρωϊνός -ή -όν morning earlyπρῷρα -ης ἡ bow (of boat)πρωτεύω I am firstπρωτοκαθεδρία -ας ἡ seat of honorπρωτοκλισία -ας ἡ place of honorπρῶτος -η -ον first prominent bestπρωτοστάτης -ου ὁ ringleaderπρωτοτόκια -ων τά birthrightπρωτότοκος -ον firstbornπρώτως firstlyπταίω I stumble sin tripπτέρνα -ης ἡ heelπτερύγιον -ου τό end edgeπτέρυξ -υγος ἡ wingπτηνός -ή -όν winged birdπτοέω I am terrified alarmed

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πτόησις -εως ἡ terrifying terrorΠτολεμαΐς -ΐδος ἡ Ptolemais (city)πτύον -ου τό shovel forkπτύρω I frighten scareπτύσμα -ατος τό spit salivaπτύσσω I roll upπτύω I spitπτῶμα -ατος τό corpseπτῶσις -εως ἡ falling collapseπτωχεία -ας ἡ povertyπτωχεύω I am poorπτωχός -ή -όν poor beggarlyπυγμή -ῆς ἡ fist fist-fightπύθων -ωνος ὁ spirit of divinationπυκνός -ή -όν often frequentπυκτεύω I box fightπύλη -ης ἡ gate doorπυλών -ῶνος ὁ door gateπυνθάνομαι I inquire learnπῦρ -ός τό fireπυρά -ᾶς ἡ fire pileπύργος -ου ὁ towerπυρέσσω I have a feverπυρετός -οῦ ἡ feverπύρινος -η -ον fiery redπυρόω I burn up am on fireπυρράζω I am fiery redπυρρός -ά -όν redΠύρρος -ου ὁ Pyrrhusπύρωσις -εως ἡ burning sufferingπωλέω I sellπῶλος -ου ὁ colt foalπώποτε ever any timeπωρόω I harden make dullπώρωσις -εως ἡ stubbornnessπῶς howπώς perhaps somehowΡῬαάβ ἡ Rahabῥαββί rabbi teacherῥαββουνί my rabbi my teacherῥαβδίζω I beat with a rodῥάβδος -ου ἡ rod stickῥαβδοῦχος -ου ὁ policemanῬαγαύ ὁ Reuῥᾳδιούργημα -ατος

τόtrick crime

ῥᾳδιουργία -ας ἡ frivolity deceit fraudῥαίνω I sprinkleῬαιφάν ὁ Rephanῥακά fool empty-head

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ῥάκος -ους τό patch piece of clothῬαμά ἡ Ramah (city)ῥαντίζω I sprinkleῥαντισμός -οῦ ὁ sprinklingῥαπίζω I hit slap whipῥάπισμα -ατος τό blow with a clubwhipῥαφίς -ίδος ἡ needleῬαχάβ ἡ RahabῬαχήλ ἡ RachelῬεβέκκα -ας ἡ Rebekahῥέδη -ης ἡ carriageῥέω I flow overflowῬήγιον -ου τό Rhegium (city)ῥῆγμα -ατος τό wreck ruinῥήγνυμι I tear break burstῥῆμα -ατος τό word sayingῥήξω ῥήγνυμιῬησά ὁ Rhesaῥήτωρ -ορος ὁ lawyerῥητῶς expressly explicitlyῥίζα -ης ἡ root descendantῥιζόω I am rooted fixedῥιπή -ῆς ἡ blinkingῥιπίζω I am tossed aboutῥίπτω I throw awayῬοβοάμ ὁ RehoboamῬόδη -ης ἡ RhodaῬόδος -ου ἡ Rhodesῥοιζηδόν with a noiseῥομφαία -ας ἡ swordῬουβήν ὁ ReubenῬούθ ἡ RuthῬοῦφος -ου ὁ Rufusῥύμη -ης ἡ lane narrow streetῥύομαι I rescue deliverῥυπαίνω I soil dirtyῥυπαρία -ας ἡ filth dirtῥυπαρός -ά -όν dirtyῥύπος -ου ὁ dirtῥύσις -εως ἡ flow flowingῥυτίς -ίδος ἡ wrinkleῬωμαϊκός -ή -όν RomanῬωμαῖος -α -ον RomanῬωμαϊστί in LatinῬώμη -ης ἡ Romeῥώννυμι I say goodbyeΣσαβαχθάνι you have forsaken meΣαβαώθ Lord of HostsArmiesσαββατισμός -οῦ ὁ Sabbath restσάββατον -ου τό Sabbath

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σαγήνη -ης ἡ dragnetΣαδδουκαῖος -ου ὁ SadduceeΣαδώκ ὁ Zadokσαίνω I move disturbσάκκος -ου ὁ sackclothΣαλά ὁ ShelahΣαλαθιήλ ὁ SalathielΣαλαμίς -ῖνος ἡ Salamis (city)Σαλείμ τό Salim (city)σαλεύω I shake am distressedΣαλήμ ἡ SalemΣαλίμ τό Salim (city)Σαλμών ὁ SalmonΣαλμώνη -ης ἡ Salmoneσάλος -ου ὁ rolling waveσάλπιγξ -ιγγος ἡ trumpetσαλπίζω I sound the trumpetσαλπιστής -οῦ ὁ trumpeterΣαλώμη -ης ἡ SalomeΣαμάρεια -ας ἡ Samaria (city)Σαμαρίτης -ου ὁ SamaritanΣαμαρῖτις -ιδος ἡ Samaritan womanΣαμοθρᾴκη -ης ἡ Samothrace (island)Σάμος -ου ἡ Samos (island)Σαμουήλ ὁ SamuelΣαμψών ὁ Samsonσανδάλιον -ου τό sandalσανίς -ίδος ἡ board plankΣαούλ ὁ Saulσαπρός -ά -όν decayed badΣάπφιρα -ης ἡ Sapphiraσάπφιρος -ου ἡ sapphireσαργάνη -ης ἡ basketΣάρδεις -εων αἱ Sardisσάρδιον -ου τό carnelian stoneσαρδόνυξ -υχος ὁ onyxΣάρεπτα -ων τά Zarephath (city)σαρκικός -ή -όν fleshly worldlyσάρκινος -η -ον fleshly worldlyσάρξ σαρκός ἡ fleshσαρόω I sweepΣάρρα -ας ἡ SarahΣαρών -ῶνος ὁ SharonΣατανᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Satanσάτον -ου τό measure (for grain)Σαῦλος -ου ὁ Saulσβέννυμι I extinguish put outσβέσω σβέννυμισεαυτοῦ -ῆς yourselfσεβάζομαι I worship reverenceσέβασμα -ατος τό sanctuary

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σεβαστός -ή -όν revered augustσέβω I worshipσειρά -ᾶς ἡ chain ropeσεισμός -οῦ ὁ shakingσείω I shake agitateΣεκοῦνδος -ου ὁ SecundusΣελεύκεια -ας ἡ Seleuciaσελήνη -ης ἡ moonσεληνιάζομαι I am an epilepticΣεμεΐν ὁ Semeinσεμίδαλις -εως ἡ fine flourσεμνός -ή -όν honorable nobleσεμνότης -ητος ἡ reverence dignityΣέργιος -ου ὁ SergiusΣερούχ ὁ SerugΣήθ ὁ SethΣήμ ὁ Shemσημαίνω I report communicateσημεῖον -ου τό sign indicationσημειόω I write take note ofσήμερον todayσήπω I decay rotσής σητός ὁ mothσητόβρωτος -ον moth-eatenσθενόω I strengthenσιαγών -όνος ἡ cheekσιγάω I am silentσιγή -ῆς ἡ silence quietσίδηρος -ου ὁ ironσιδηροῦς -ᾶ οῦν made of ironΣιδών -ῶνος ἡ Sidon (city)Σιδώνιος -α -ον Sidonianσικάριος -ου ὁ terrorist sicariusσίκερα τό strong drink beerΣιλᾶς -ᾶ ὁ SilasΣιλουανός -οῦ ὁ SilvanusΣιλωάμ ὁ Siloamσιμικίνθιον -ου τό apronΣίμων -ωνος ὁ SimonΣινά Sinaiσίναπι -εως τό mustardσινδών -όνος ἡ linenσινιάζω I siftσιρικός -ή -όν silkσιτευτός -ή -όν fattenedσιτίον -ου τό grainσιτιστός -ή -όν fattenedσιτομέτριον -ου τό foodgrain rationσῖτος -ου ὁ wheat grainΣιών ἡ Zionσιωπάω I keep silent

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σκανδαλίζω I cause to sin fallσκάνδαλον -ου τό trap temptionσκάπτω I digσκάφη -ης ἡ skiff small boatσκάψω σκάπτωσκέλος -ους τό legσκέπασμα -ατος τό clothingΣκευᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Scevaσκευή -ῆς ἡ equipment furnishingsσκεῦος -ους τό jar dish vesselσκηνή -ῆς ἡ tent dwellingσκηνοπηγία -ας ἡ festival of tentsσκηνοποιός -οῦ ὁ tentmakerσκῆνος -ους τό tent lodging bodyσκηνόω I live dwellσκήνωμα -ατος τό tent dwellingσκιά -ᾶς ἡ shade shadowσκιρτάω I leap for joyσκληροκαρδία -ας ἡ hard heartσκληρός -ά -όν hardσκληρότης -ητος ἡ hardness stubbornnessσκληροτράχηλος -ον stiff-necked stubbornσκληρύνω I hardenσκολιός -ά -όν crookedσκόλοψ -οπος ὁ thorn splinterσκοπέω I look for noticeσκοπός -οῦ ὁ goal markσκορπίζω I scatter disperseσκορπίος -ου ὁ scorpionσκοτεινός -ή -όν dark obscureσκοτία -ας ἡ darkness evilσκοτίζω I become darkσκότος -ους τό darkness evilσκοτόω I become darkenedσκύβαλον -ου τό rubbish dirt dungΣκύθης -ου ὁ Scythianσκυθρωπός -ή -όν sadσκύλλω I am troubled wearyσκῦλον -ου τό booty spoilsσκωληκόβρωτος -ον eaten by wormsσκώληξ -ηκος ὁ maggotσμαράγδινος -η -ον emerald madeσμάραγδος -ου ὁ emeraldσμύρνα -ης ἡ myrrhΣμύρνα -ης ἡ Smyrnaσμυρνίζω I put myrrh in wineΣόδομα -ων τά Sodom (city)Σολομών -ῶνος ὁ Solomonσορός -οῦ ἡ bier coffinσός σή σόν yourσουδάριον -ου τό handkerchief

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Σουσάννα -ης ἡ Susannaσοφία -ας ἡ wisdomσοφίζω I make wise teachσοφός -ή -όν clever skillfulΣπανία -ας ἡ Spainσπαράσσω I convulse tearσπαργανόω I wrap clotheσπαταλάω I live luxuriouslyσπάω I pull drawσπεῖρα -ης ἡ band of soldiersσπείρω I sow (seed)σπεκουλάτωρ -ορος ὁ courier executionerσπένδω I pour libationσπέρμα -ατος τό seedσπερμολόγος -ον gossip babblerσπεύδω I hurryσπήλαιον -ου τό cave hideoutσπιλάς -άδος ἡ reef spot stainσπίλος -ου ὁ stain blemishσπιλόω I stain defileσπλαγχνίζομαι I pity feel sympathyσπλάγχνον ου τό intestines desireσπόγγος -ου ὁ spongeσποδός -οῦ ἡ ashesσπορά -ᾶς ἡ sowing origin

parentageσπόριμος -ον sown grain fieldsσπόρος -ου ὁ seedσπουδάζω I hurry am eagerσπουδαῖος -α -ον eager zealousσπουδαίως eagerly diligentlyσπουδή -ῆς ἡ hurry eagerness zealσπυρίς -ίδος ἡ basket hamperστάδιον -ου τό arena stadiumστάμνος -ου ἡ jarστασιαστής -οῦ ὁ rebelστάσις -εως ἡ riot revolt strifeστατήρ -ῆρος ὁ stater coin ($80)σταυρός -οῦ ὁ crossσταυρόω I crucifyσταφυλή -ῆς ἡ cluster of grapesστάχυς -υος ὁ ear of grainΣτάχυς -υος ὁ Stachysστέγη -ης ἡ roofστέγω I endureστεῖρα -ας ἡ barrenστέλλω I avoid stay awayστέμμα -ατος τό wreathστεναγμός -οῦ ὁ groan sighστενάζω I groanστενός -ή -όν narrow

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στενοχωρέω I cramp confineστενοχωρία -ας ἡ distress troubleστέργω I love feel affectionστερεός -ά -όν firm hard solidστερεόω I make strong firmστερέωμα -ατος τό firmness steadfastnessΣτεφανᾶς -ᾶ ὁ StephanasΣτέφανος -ου ὁ Stephenστέφανος -ου ὁ wreath crownστεφανόω I crown honorστῆθος -ους τό chest breastστήκω I stand stand firmστηριγμός -οῦ ὁ firmnessστηρίζω I strengthen establishστήσω ἵστημιστιβάς -άδος ἡ leaves leafy branchστίγμα -ατος τό mark brand scarστιγμή -ῆς ἡ momentστίλβω I shine glistenστοά -ᾶς ἡ colonnaded porchΣτοϊκός -ή -όν Stoicστοιχεῖον -ου τό basic principlesστοιχέω I hold to agree withστολή -ῆς ἡ robeστόμα -ατος τό mouthστόμαχος -ου ὁ stomachστρατεία -ας ἡ campaign warfareστράτευμα -ατος τό army soldiersστρατεύομαι I am a soldier warστρατηγός -οῦ ὁ chief magistrateστρατιά -ᾶς ἡ armyστρατιώτης -ου ὁ soldierστρατολογέω I gather an armyστρατόπεδον -ου τό camp armyστρεβλόω I distort twist tortureστρέφω I turn around changeστρηνιάω I live sensuallyστρῆνος -ους τό sensual livingστρουθίον -ου τό sparrowστρωννύω I spread out furnishστυγητός -ή -όν hatedστυγνάζω I become dark gloomyστῦλος -ου ὁ pillar leaderσύ σού ὑμεῖς ὑμῶν youσυγγένεια -ας ἡ relatives kinshipσυγγενής -ές relative kinσυγγενίς -ίδος ἡ kinswomanσυγγνώμη -ης ἡ pardon indulgenceσυγκάθημαι I sit withσυγκαθίζω I sit withσυγκακοπαθέω I suffer with

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συγκακουχέομαι I suffer withσυγκαλέω I summonσυγκαλύπτω I concealσυγκάμπτω I bendσυγκαταβαίνω I go down withσυγκατάθεσις -εως ἡ union agreementσυγκατατίθημι I agree togetherσυγκαταψηφίζομαι I added joinσυγκατέβην συγκαταβαίνωσυγκεκάλυμμαι συγκαλύπτωσυγκεράννυμι I blend uniteσυγκέχυμαι συγχέωσυγκινέω I stir upσυγκλείω I enclose imprisonσυγκληρονόμος -ον inheriting together

withσυγκοινωνέω I share associate withσυγκοινωνός -οῦ ὁ partner participantσυγκομίζω I buryσυγκρίνω I compare explainσυγκύπτω I bend overσυγκυρία -ας ἡ coincidence chanceσυγχαίρω I rejoice congratulateσυγχέω I confuseσυγχράομαι I associateσύγχυσις -εως ἡ confusion tumultσυζάω I live withσυζεύγνυμι I join pair marryσυζητέω I discuss disputeσυζητητής -οῦ ὁ disputerσύζυγος -ου ὁ fellow-worker

comradeσυζωοποιέω I make alive withσυκάμινος -ου ἡ mulberry treeσυκῆ -ῆς ἡ fig treeσυκομορέα -ας ἡ sycamore treeσῦκον -ου τό figσυκοφαντέω I slander accuse

falselyσυλαγωγέω I carry off booty robσυλάω I robσυλλαλέω I talk with discussσυλλαμβάνω I seize grasp

apprehendσυλλέγω I collect pick gatherσυλλέξω συλλέγωσυλλήμψομαι συλλαμβάνωσυλλογίζομαι I talk with debateσυλλυπέω I grieve with hurt withσυμβαίνω I meet happenσυμβάλλω I confer debate

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συμβασιλεύω I rule withσυμβέβηκα συμβαίνωσυμβιβάζω I unite infer teachσυμβουλεύω I adviseσυμβούλιον -ου τό plan purposeσύμβουλος -ου ὁ advisorΣυμεών ὁ Simeonσυμμαθητής -οῦ ὁ fellow discipleσυμμαρτυρέω I testify with confirmσυμμερίζω I share withσυμμέτοχος -ου ὁ sharerσυμμιμητής -οῦ ὁ fellow imitatorσυμμορφίζω I conformσύμμορφος -ον similar in formσυμπαθέω I suffer withσυμπαθής -ές sympatheticσυμπαραγίνομαι I come togetherσυμπαρακαλέω I encourage togetherσυμπαραλαμβάνω I take along bring withσυμπάρειμι I am withσυμπάσχω I suffer withσυμπέμπω I send withσυμπεριλαμβάνω I embraceσυμπίνω I drink withσυμπίπτω I collapse fall togetherσυμπληρόω I fulfill approachσυμπνίγω I crowd aroundσυμπολίτης -ου ὁ fellow-citizenσυμπορεύομαι I go withσυμπόσιον -ου τό party groupσυμπρεσβύτερος-ου ὁ

fellow-elder

συμφέρω I bring together helpσύμφημι I agreeσύμφορος -ον beneficial profitableσυμφυλέτης -ου ὁ fellow-countrymanσύμφυτος -ον grown togetherσυμφύω I grow up withσυμφωνέω I agreeσυμφώνησις -εως ἡ agreementσυμφωνία -ας ἡ musicσύμφωνος -ον harmonious agreeingσυμψηφίζω I count up calculateσύμυψυχος -ον harmoniousσύν with (Dat)συνάγω I gather call togetherσυναγωγή -ῆς ἡ synagogue assemblyσυναγωνίζομαι I fight contendσυναθλέω I toil with contendσυναθροίζω I gather bring togetherσυναίρω I agree with

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συναιχμάλωτος-ου ὁ

fellow-prisoner

συνακολουθέω I accompany followσυναλίζω I eat with assembleσυναλλάσσω I reconcileσυναναβαίνω I go up withσυνανάκειμαι I eat withσυναναμίγνυμι I mingle withσυναναπαύομαι I relax with rest withσυνανέβην συναναβαίνωσυναντάω I happen meetσυναντιλαμβάνομαι I help withσυνάξω συνάγωσυναπάγω I lead away carry offσυναπέθανον συναποθνῄσκωσυναπέστειλα συναποστέλλωσυναπήχθην συναπάγωσυναποθνῄσκω I die withσυναπόλλυμι I destroy with perish

withσυναποστέλλω I send withσυναπώλεσα συναπόλλυμισυναρμολογέω I join togetherσυναρπάζω I seize drag awayσυναυξάνω I grow withσύνδεσμος -ου ὁ bondσυνδέω I imprison withσυνδοξάζω I am praised withσύνδουλος -ου ὁ fellow-servantσυνδρομή -ῆς ἡ running togetherσυνέβην συμβαίνωσυνεγείρω I raise to life withσυνέδραμον συντρέχωσυνέδριον -ου τό Sanhedrin high

councilσυνέζευξα συζεύγνυμισυνέθηκα συντίθημισυνείδησις -εως ἡ consciousness

conscienceσυνείδον συνοράωσυνεισῆλθον συνεισέρχομαισυνείληφα συλλαμβάνωσύνειμι I am withσύνειμι I come togetherσυνεισέρχομαι I enter withσυνέκδημος -ου ὁ traveling companionσυνεκλεκτός -ή -όν chosen withσυνέλεξα συλλέγωσυνελήλυθα συνέρχομαισυνελήμφθην συλλαμβάνωσυνέξω συνέχω

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συνεπέθηκα συνεπιτίθημισυνέπεσον συμπίπτωσυνεπέστην συνεφίστημισυνεπιμαρτυρέω I testify withσυνέπιον συμπίνωσυνεπιτίθημι I join in attackσυνέπνιξα συμπνίγωσυνέπομαι I accompanyσυνεργέω I work withσυνεργός -όν helping working

togetherσυνέρχομαι I come togetherσυνεσθίω I eat withσύνεσις -εως ἡ insight understandingσυνέσταλμαι συστέλλωσυνέστειλα συστέλλωσυνέστηκα συνίστημισυνέστησα συνίστημισυνέσχον συνέχωσυνέταξα συντάσσωσυνετάφην συνθάπτωσυνετός -ή -όν intelligent wiseσυνετρίβην συντρίβωσυνέτριψα συντρίβωσυνέτυχον συντυγχάνωσυνευδοκέω I agree with approveσυνευωχέομαι I feast togetherσυνέφαγον συνεσθίωσυνεφίστημι I join in an attackσυνεχύθην συγχέωσυνέχω I restrain seize shutσυνήγαγον συνάγωσυνηγέρθην συνερείρωσυνῆγμαι συνάγωσυνήχθην συνάγωσυνήδομαι I rejoice withσυνήθεια -ας ἡ friendship customσυνῆλθον συνέρχομαισυνηλικιώτης -ου ὁ contemporaryσυνήνεγκα συμφέρωσυνήρπακα συναρπάζωσυνήρπασα συναρπάζωσυνῆκα συνίημισυνήσω συνίημισυνθάπτω I bury withσυνθλάω I crushσυνθλίβω I crowd aroundσυνθρύπτω I break in piecesσυνίημι I understandσυνίστημι I put togetherσυνοδεύω I travel with

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συνοδία -ας ἡ group of travelersσύνοιδα I know withσυνοικέω I live withσυνοικοδομέω I build togetherσυνομιλέω I talk withσυνομορέω I am next toσυνοράω I realize learn aboutσυνοχή -ῆς ἡ distress anguishσυντάσσω I order directσυντέθειμαι συντίθημισυντέλεια -ας ἡ end close completionσυντελέω I complete end finishσυντέμνω I shorten limitσυντέτριμμαι συντρίβωσυντηρέω I preserveσυντίθημι I put with agree withσυντόμως promptly brieflyσυντρέχω I run togetherσυντρίβω I shatter smashσύντριμμα -ατος τό destruction ruinσυντρίψω συντρίβωσύντροφος -ον nursed with

companion friendσυντυγχάνω I meet joinΣυντύχη -ης ἡ Syntycheσυνυποκρίνομαι I pretend togetherσυνυπουργέω I cooperate join

helpingσυνωδίνω I suffer withσυνωμοσία -ας ἡ conspiracyΣυράκουσαι -ῶν αἱ Syracuse (city)Συρία -ας ἡ SyriaΣύρος -ου ὁ SyrianΣυροφοινίκισσα-ης ἡ

Syrophoenician

Σύρτις -εως ἡ Syrtis (gulf)σύρω I drag away pullσυσπαράσσω I convulseσύσσημον -ου τό signal tokenσύσσωμος -ον co-member withσυστατικός -ή -όν commendatoryσυσταυρόω I crucify withσυστέλλω I limit coverσυστενάζω I groan withσυστοιχέω I correspond toσυστρατιώτης -ου ὁ comradeσυστρέφω I come together gatherσυστροφή -ῆς ἡ commotionσυσχηματίζω I am conformed toΣυχάρ ἡ Sychar (city)Συχέμ ἡ Shechem (city)

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σφαγή -ῆς ἡ slaughterσφάγιον -ου τό victim sacrificeσφάζω I slaughterσφάλλω I slip stumbleσφόδρα very greatlyσφοδρῶς very much greatlyσφραγίζω I seal markσφραγίς -ῖδος ἡ seal stamp markσφυδρόν -οῦ τό ankleσχεδόν nearly almostσχῆμα -ατος τό form appearanceσχίζω I split divideσχίσμα -ατος τό split divisionσχοινίον -ου τό ropeσχολάζω I have time am emptyσχολή -ῆς ἡ lecture hallσῴζω I save rescueσῶμα -ατος τό bodyσωματικός -ή -όν bodily physicalσωματικῶς bodilyΣώπατρος -ου ὁ Sopaterσωρεύω I pile up fill withΣωσθένης -ους ὁ SosthenesΣωσίπατρος -ου ὁ Sosipaterσωτήρ -ῆρος ὁ savior delivererσωτηρία -ας ἡ salvation deliveranceσωτήριος -ον saving deliveringσωφρονέω I am reasonableσωφρονίζω I advise teachσωφρονισμός -οῦ ὁ good judgmentσωφρόνως moderatelyσωφροσύνη -ης ἡ good judgmentσώφρων -ον self-controlledΤταβέρναι -ῶν αἱ tavern innΤαβιθά ἡ Tabithaτάγμα -ατος τό division order groupΤαδδαῖον Thaddaeusτακτός -ή -όν determined fixedταλαιπωρέω I endure sorrowταλαιπωρία -ας ἡ distress troubleταλαίπωρος -ον distressed miserableταλαντιαῖος -α -ον weighing a talentτάλαντον -ου τό talent (ca 70 lbs)ταλιθά girlταμεῖον -ου τό storeroom inner roomτάξις -εως ἡ order positionταπεινός -ή -όν humble gentleταπεινοφροσύνη-ης ἡ

humility

ταπεινόφρων -ον humble

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540

ταπεινόω I humbleταπείνωσις -εως ἡ humiliationταράσσω I stir up disturbτάραχος -ου ὁ disturbance rebellionΤαρσεύς -έως ὁ Tarsus personΤαρσός -οῦ ἡ Tarsus (city)ταρταρόω I cast into hellτάσσω I assign commandταῦρος -ου ὁ bull oxταφή -ῆς ἡ burial placeτάφος -ου ὁ graveτάχα perhaps probablyταχέως quicklyταχινός -ή -όν quick imminentτάχος -ους τό quickness hasteταχύς -εῖα -ύ quickly swiftτέ and alsoτέθεικα τίθημιτέθειμαι τίθημιτέθλιμμαι θλίβωτέθνηκα θνῄσκωτέθραμμαι τρέφωτεῖχος -ους τό city wallτεκμήριον -ου τό proofτεκνίον -ου τό childτεκνογονέω I bear childrenτεκνογονία -ας ἡ bearing of childrenτέκνον -ου τό childτεκνοτροφέω rear childrenτέκτων -ονος ὁ carpenter builderτέλειος -α -ον complete perfectτελειότης -ητος ἡ maturity perfectionτελειόω I make perfect

completeτελείως completelyτελείωσις -εως ἡ fulfillmentτελειωτής -οῦ ὁ perfecterτελεσφορέω I bear fruit to maturityτελευτάω I die come to an endτελευτή -ῆς ἡ death endτελέω I end finishτέλος -ους τό end close conclusionτελώνης -ου ὁ tax-collectorτελώνιον -ου τό tax officeτέξομαι τίκτωτέρας -ατος τό portent omenΤέρτιος -ου ὁ TertiusΤέρτυλλος -ου ὁ Tertullusτεσσαράκοντα fortyτεσσαρακονταετής-ές

forty years

541

541

τέσσαρες -α fourτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος -

ηfourteenth

τέταγμαι τάσσωτετάραγμαι ταράσσωτεταρταῖος -α -ον on fourth dayτέταρτος -η -ον fourthτετρααρχέω I am a tetrarchτετραάρχης -ου ὁ tetrarchτετράγωνος -ον squareτετράδιον -ου τό four soldier groupτετρακισχίλιοι -αι -α four thousandτετρακόσιοι -αι -α four hundredτετράμηνος -ον four-monthτετραπλοῦς ῆ -οῦν four timesτετράπους -ουν quadrupedτέτυχα τυγχάνωτεφρόω I reduce to ashesτέχνη -ης ἡ craft skill tradeτεχνίτης -ου ὁ craftsmanτήκω I melt dissolveτηλαυγῶς clearly plainlyτηλικοῦτος -αύτη-οῦτο

so great

τηρέω I keep guardτήρησις -εως ἡ prison keepingΤιβεριάς -άδος ἡ Tiberias (city)Τιβέριος -ου ὁ Tiberiusτίθημι I put placeτίκτω I give birth bearτίλλω I pick pluckΤιμαῖος -ου ὁ Timaeusτιμάω I honor set a price onτιμή -ῆς ἡ honor price valueτίμιος -α -ον precious valuableτιμιότης -ητος ἡ wealthΤιμόθεος -ου ὁ TimothyΤίμων -ωνος ὁ Timonτιμωρέω I punishτιμωρία -ας ἡ punishmentτίνω I pay am punishedτίς τί who which whatτὶς τὶ someone somethingτίσω τίνωΤίτιος -ου ὁ Titiusτίτλος -ου ὁ inscription noticeΤίτος -ου ὁ Titusτοί besidesτοιγαροῦν therefore thenτοίνυν therefore so indeedτοιόσδε -άδε -όνδε such as this

542

542

τοιοῦτος -αύτη-οῦτον

such a kind like that

τοῖχος -ου ὁ wallτόκος -ου ὁ interest (loan)τολμάω I dare presumeτολμηρότερον more boldlyτολμητής -οῦ ὁ bold daringτομός -ή -όν sharp cuttingτόξον -ου τό bow (and arrow)τοπάζιον -ου τό topaz (stone)τόπος -ου ὁ place regionτοσοῦτος -αύτη-οῦτον

so much so many

τότε thenτοὐναντίον ratherτοὔνομα the nameτράγος -ου ὁ he-goatτράπεζα -ης ἡ tableτραπεζίτης -ου ὁ money-changerτραῦμα -ατος τό woundτραυματίζω I woundτραχηλίζω I am open revealτράχηλος -ου ὁ neck throatτραχύς -εῖα -ύ roughΤραχωνῖτις -ιδος ἡ Trachonitisτρεῖς τρία threeΤρεῖς Ταβέρναι Three Tavernsτρέμω I tremble fearτρέφω I feed nourishτρέχω I runτρῆμα -ατος τό eye of needle holeτριάκοντα thirtyτριακόσιοι -αι -α three hundredτρίβολος -ου ὁ thistle thornτρίβος -ου ἡ pathτριετία -ας ἡ three yearsτρίζω I gnash teeth grindτρίμηνος -ον three-monthτρίς three timesτρίστεγον -ου τό third story (building)τρισχίλιοι -αι -α three thousandτρίτος -η -ον thirdτρίχινος -η -ον hairyτρόμος -ου ὁ trembling quiveringτροπή -ῆς ἡ turning returnτρόπος -ου ὁ manner way of lifeτροποφορέω I put up withτροφή -ῆς ἡ foodΤρόφιμος -ου ὁ Trophimusτροφός -οῦ ἡ nurseτροχιά -ᾶς ἡ course way

543

543

τροχός -οῦ ὁ wheelτρύβλιον -ου τό bowl dishτρυγάω I pick (grapes)τρυγών -όνος ἡ pigeon doveτρυμαλιά -ᾶς ἡ needleτρύπημα -ατος τό eye of a needle holeΤρύφαινα -ης ἡ Tryphaenaτρυφάω I revel carouseτρυφή -ῆς ἡ reveling indulgenceΤρυφῶσα -ης ἡ TryphosaΤρῳάς -άδος ἡ Troasτρώγω I eat nibble munchτυγχάνω I meet gainτυμπανίζω I torment tortureτυπικῶς typologically by

exampleτύπος -ου ὁ mark scar copyτύπτω I strike beatΤύραννος -ου ὁ TyrannusΤύριος -ου ὁ TyrianΤύρος -ου ἡ Tyre (city)τυφλός -ή -όν blindτυφλόω I blindτυφόω I delude become

foolishτύφω I smoke smolderτυφωνικός -ή -όν of hurricane forceΤυχικός -οῦ ὁ TychiusΥὑακίνθινος -η -ον dark blueὑάκινθος -ου ὁ hyacinth (flower)ὑάλινος -η -ον glass transparentὕαλος -ου ἡ glass crystalὑβρίζω I scoff at insultὕβρις -εως ἡ arrogance insultὑβριστής -οῦ ὁ violent personὑγιαίνω I am healthyὑγιής -ές healthyὑγρός -ά -όν wet moistὑδρία -ας ἡ water jar pitcherὑδροποτέω I drink waterὑδωπικός -ή -όν suffering from dropsyὕδωρ -ατος τό waterὑετός -οῦ ὁ rainυἱοθεσία -ας ἡ adoptionυἱός -οῦ ὁ sonὕλη -ης ἡ wood materialὙμέναιος -ου ὁ Hymenaeusὑμέτερος -α -ον yourὑμνέω I sing a hymnὕμνος -ου ὁ hymn song of praise

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544

ὑπάγω I go away departὑπακοή -ῆς ἡ obedienceὑπακούω I obey hearὕπανδρος -ον marriedὑπαντάω I meet opposeὑπάντησις -εως ἡ drawing nearὕπαρξις -εως ἡ possession propertyὑπάρχω I am existὑπεδέδεγμαι ὑποδέχομαιὑπέδειξα ὑποδείκνυμιὑπεδεξάμην ὑποδέχομαιὑπέδησα ὑποδέωὑπέδραμον ὑποτρέχωὑπέθηκα ὑποτίθημιὑπείκω I submit obey yieldὑπεναντίος -α -ον hostile contraryὑπέλαβον ὑπολαμβάνωὑπέμνησα ὑπομιμνῄσκωὑπεμνήσθην ὑπομιμνῄσκωὑπέρ in behalf of (Gen)ὑπέρ above (Acc)ὑπεραίρω I exalt rise upὑπέρακμος -ον past onersquos primeὑπεράνω aboveὑπεραυξάνω I grow greatlyὑπερβαίνω I sin against transgressὑπερβαλλόντως exceedingly extremelyὑπερβάλλω I surpass outdoὑπερβολή -ῆς ἡ excessὑπερεῖδον ὑπεροράωὑπερέκεινα beyondὑπερεκπερισσοῦ extreme moreὑπερεκτείνω I overextendὑπερεκχύννω I pour out overflowὑπερεντυγχάνω I intercede pleadὑπερέχω I surpass controlὑπερηφανία -ας ἡ arrogance prideὑπερήφανος -ον arrogant proudὑπερλίαν exceedingly extremelyὑπερνικάω I have victoryὑπέρογκος -ον boastful puffed upὑπεροράω I disregard despiseὑπεροχή -ῆς ἡ superiority

prominenceὑπερπερισσεύω I overflowὑπερπερισσῶς beyond extremelyὑπερπλεονάζω I overflowὑπερυψόω I raise myselfὑπερφρονέω I am arrogantὑπερῷον -ου τό upper storyὑπετάγην ὑποτάσσω

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545

ὑπέταξα ὑποτάσσωὑπέχω I am punishedὑπεχώρησα ὑποχωρέωὑπήκοος -ον obedientὑπήνεγκα ὑποφέρωὑπηρετέω I minister serveὑπηρέτης -ου ὁ servant helperὕπνος -ου ὁ sleepὑπό by (Gen)ὑπό under (Acc)ὑποβάλλω I instigate bribeὑπογραμμός -οῦ ὁ model exampleὑπόδειγμα -ατος τό model example

patternὑποδείκνυμι I show explainὑποδείξω ὑποδείκνυμιὑποδέχομαι I welcome receiveὑποδέω I tie on shoesὑπόδημα -ατος τό sandalὑπόδικος -ον accountable liableὑποζύγιον -ου τό pack animalὑποζώννυμι I brace a shipὑποκάτω under belowὑποκρίνομαι I pretendὑπόκρισις -εως ἡ pretense hypocrisyὑποκριτής -οῦ ὁ hypocrite pretenderὑπολαμβάνω I take up support

replyὑπόλειμμα -ατος τό remnantὑπολείπω I leave behindὑπολήνιον -ου τό wine vatὑπολιμπάνω I leave behindὑπομένω I remain endureὑπομιμνῄσκω I remind rememberὑπόμνησις -εως ἡ reminderὑπομνήσω ὑπομιμνῄσκωὑπομονή -ῆς ἡ endurance patienceὑπονοέω I suspect supposeὑπόνοια -ας ἡ suspicionὑποπλέω I sail underὑποπνέω I blow gentlyὑποπόδιον -ου τό footstoolὑπόστασις -εως ἡ substance essenceὑποστέλλω I avoid withdrawὑποστολή -ῆς ἡ timidity shrinkingὑποστρέφω I return turn backὑποστρωννύω I spread outὑποταγή -ῆς ἡ obedience subjectionὑποτάσσω I subject subordinateὑποτέταγμαι ὑποτάσσωὑποτίθημι I lay down risk life

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546

ὑποτρέχω I sail underὑποτύπωσις -εως ἡ example prototypeὑποφέρω I endure submit toὑποχωρέω I withdraw retreatὑπωπιάζω I maltreat slanderὗς ὑός ἡ female pigὑσσός -οῦ ὁ javelin spearὕσσωπος -ου ὁ ἡ hyssopὑστερέω I am in need lackὑστέρημα -ατος τό need lackὑστέρησις -εως ἡ need povertyὕστερος -α -ον last later finallyὑφαντός -ή -όν wovenὑψηλός -ή -όν tall exalted proudὑψηλοφρονέω I am proud haughtyὕψιστος -η -ον highest most exaltedὕψος -ους τό height high placeὑψόω I lift up exaltὕψωμα -ατος τό height exaltationΦφάγομαι ἐσθίωφάγος -ου ὁ gluttonφαιλόνης -ου ὁ cloakφαίνω I shine appear revealΦάλεκ ὁ Pelegφανερός -ά -όν visible clear plainφανερόω I reveal showφανερῶς openly publiclyφανέρωσις -εως ἡ announcementφανός -οῦ ὁ lanternΦανουήλ ὁ Phanuelφαντάζω I appear make visibleφαντασία -ας ἡ pageantry pompφάντασμα -ατος τό ghostφάραγξ -αγγος ἡ ravineΦαραώ ὁ PharaohΦάρες ὁ PerezΦαρισαῖος -ου ὁ Phariseeφαρμακεία -ας ἡ sorcery magicφάρμακον -ου τό poison medicineφάρμακος -ου ὁ magician sorcererφάσις -εως ἡ report announcementφάσκω I say claimφάτνη -ης ἡ stall stable mangerφαῦλος -η -ον bad evilφέγγος -ους τό light radianceφείδομαι I spare avoidφείσομαι φείδομαιφέρω I carry endureφεύγω I flee escapeφεύξομαι φεύγω

547

547

Φῆλιξ -ικος ὁ Felixφήμη -ης ἡ report newsφημί I tell sayΦῆστος -ου ὁ Festusφθάνω I come before arriveφθαρτός -ή -όν perishable mortalφθέγγομαι I speak proclaimφθείρω I destroy ruinφθινοπωρινός -ή -όν late autumnφθόγγος -ου ὁ sound voiceφθονέω I envy am jealousφθόνος -ου ὁ jealousy envyφθορά -ᾶς ἡ ruin destructionφιάλη -ης ἡ bowlφιλάγαθος -ον loving what is goodΦιλαδέλφεια -ας ἡ Philadelphia (city)φιλαδελφία -ας ἡ brotherly loveφιλάδελφος -ον loving onersquos brotherφιλανθρωπία -ας ἡ friendliness people

loveφιλανθρώπως friendly benevolentlyφιλαργυρία -ας ἡ love of money greedφιλάργυρος -ον loving money

avariciousφίλαυτος -ον selfishφιλέω I love like kissφιλήδονος -ον loving pleasureφίλημα -ατος τό a kissΦιλήμων -ονος ὁ PhilemonΦίλητος -ου ὁ Philetusφιλία -ας ἡ friendship loveΦιλιππήσιος -ου ὁ PhilippianΦίλιπποι -ων οἱ Philippi (city)Φίλιππος -ου ὁ Philipφιλόθεος -ον loving God devoutΦιλόλογος -ου ὁ Philologusφιλονεικία -ας ἡ dispute strife

contentionφιλόνεικος -ον quarrelsomeφιλοξενία -ας ἡ hospitalityφιλόξενος -ον hospitableφιλοπρωτεύω I love to be firstφίλος -η -ον beloved dear friendφιλοσοφία -ας ἡ philosophyφιλόσοφος -ου ὁ philosopherφιλόστοργος -ον affectionateφιλότεκνος -ον loving onersquos childrenφιλοτιμέομαι I aspire toφιλοφρόνως friendly hospitablyφιμόω I muzzle silenceΦλέγων -οντος ὁ Phlegon

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φλογίζω I ignite set on fireφλόξ φλογός ἡ flameφλυαρέω I talk nonsenseφλύαρος -ον gossipy foolishφοβερός -ά -όν fearfulφοβέω I fear reverenceφόβητρον -ου τό horror fearful thingφόβος -ου ὁ fear reverence frightΦοίβη -ης ἡ PhoebeΦοινίκη -ης ἡ Phoeniciaφοῖνιξ -ικος ὁ palm-tree date palmΦοῖνιξ -ικος ὁ Phoenix (city)φονεύς -έως ὁ murdererφονεύω I murder killφόνος -ου ὁ murder killingφορέω I wear bearφόρος -ου ὁ tribute taxφορτίζω I cause to carryφορτίον -ου τό burden loadΦορτουνᾶτος -ου ὁ Fortunatusφραγέλλιον -ου τό whipφραγελλόω I flog whip scourgeφραγμός -οῦ ὁ fence wallφράζω I explainφράσσω I shut stop closeφρέαρ -ατος τό a well pitφρεναπατάω I deceiveφρεναπάτης -ου ὁ deceiverφρήν φρενός ἡ thinkingφρίσσω I shudder frightenφρονέω I think judge ponderφρόνημα -ατος τό mind-setφρόνησις -εως ἡ way of thinkingφρόνιμος -ον wise thoughtfulφρονίμως wiselyφροντίζω I think aboutφρουρέω I guard confineφρυάσσω I rave am haughtyφρύγανον -ου τό bush shrubΦρυγία -ας ἡ PhrygiaΦύγελος -ου ὁ Phygelusφυγή -ῆς ἡ flightφυλακή -ῆς ἡ prison guard watchφυλακίζω I imprisonφυλακτήριον -ου τό phylactery amuletφύλαξ -ακος ὁ a guardφυλάξω φυλάσσωφυλάσσω I guard keepφυλή -ῆς ἡ tribe nationφύλλον -ου τό leafφύραμα -ατος τό lump batch

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φυσικός -ή -όν naturalφυσικῶς naturally by natureφυσιόω I am proud conceitedφύσις -εως ἡ natureφυσίωσις -εως ἡ pride conceitφυτεία -ας ἡ a plantφυτεύω I plantφύω I growφωλεός -οῦ ὁ den holeφωνέω I call cry outφωνή -ῆς ἡ voice noiseφῶς φωτός τό lightφωστήρ -ῆρος ὁ star splendorφωσφόρος -ου ὁ morning starφωτεινός -ή -όν bright shiningφωτίζω I shine illuminateφωτισμός -οῦ ὁ illuminationΧχαίρω I rejoice delightχάλαζα -ης ἡ hailχαλάω I let downΧαλδαῖος -ου ὁ Chaldaeanχαλεπός -ή -όν hard difficultχαλιναγωγέω I bridle hold in checkχαλινός -οῦ ὁ bit bridleχαλκεύς -έως ὁ metalworker smithχαλκηδών -όνος ὁ agate (stone)χαλκίον -ου τό bronze vessel kettleχαλκολίβανον -ου τό fine brassχαλκός -οῦ ὁ copper brass bronzeχαλκοῦς -ῆ οῦν made of copper brassχαμαί on the groundΧανάαν ἡ CanaanΧαναναῖος -α -ον Canaaniteχαρά -ᾶς ἡ joy gladnessχάραγμα -ατος τό mark image stampχαρακτήρ -ῆρος ὁ representation

impressionχάραξ -ακος ὁ barricade stakeχαρίζομαι I forgive give freelyχάριν because ofχάρις -ιτος ἡ grace favorχάρισμα -ατος τό giftχαριτόω I show favor blessΧαρράν ἡ Haran (city)χάρτης -ου ὁ sheet of papyrus paperχάσμα -ατος τό chasmχεῖλος -ους τό lip shoreχειμάζω I have bad weatherχειμάρρους -ου ὁ winter streamχειμών -ῶνος ὁ rainy winter

550

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χείρ χειρός ἡ handχειραγωγέω I lead by handχειραγωγός -οῦ ὁ one who leads by handχειρόγραφον -ου τό handwritten documentχειροποίητος -ον handmadeχειροτονέω I choose appointχείρων -ον very bad worseΧερούβ τό Cherub angelχήρα -ας ἡ widowχιλίαρχος -ου ὁ commander of 1000χιλιάς -άδος ἡ thousandχίλιοι -αι -α thousandΧίος -ου ἡ Chiosχιτών -ῶνος ὁ tunic shirtχιών -όνος ἡ snowχλαμύς -ύδος ἡ cloakχλευάζω I mock scoffχλιαρός -ά -όν lukewarmΧλόη -ης ἡ Chloeχλωρός -ά -όν green freshχοϊκός -ή -όν earthy made of dustχοῖνιξ -ικος ἡ quartχοῖρος -ου ὁ pig swineχολάω I am angryχολή -ῆς ἡ gall bileΧοραζίν ἡ Chorazin (city)χορηγέω I provide supplyχορός -οῦ ὁ dancingχορτάζω I feed satisfy fillχόρτασμα -ατος τό foodχόρτος -ου ὁ grassΧουζᾶς -ᾶ ὁ Chuzaχοῦς χοός ὁ soil dustχράομαι I employ actχρεία -ας ἡ need necessityχρεοφειλέτης -ου ὁ debtorχρή it should it oughtχρῄζω I needχρῆμα -ατος τό property wealthχρηματίζω I prophesy reveal

warnχρηματισμός -οῦ ὁ divine revelationχρήσιμος -η -ον usefulχρῆσις -εως ἡ use sexual relationsχρηστεύομαι I am kind lovingχρηστολογία -ας ἡ smooth speechχρηστός -ή -όν useful good worthyχρηστότης -ητος ἡ goodness kindnessχρῖσμα -ατος τό anointingΧριστιανός -οῦ ὁ ChristianΧριστός -οῦ ὁ Christ Messiah

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χρίω I anoint assignχρονίζω I linger delayχρόνος -ου ὁ time long timeχρονοτριβέω I spend timeχρυσίον -ου τό goldχρυσοδακτύλιος -ον with a gold ringχρυσόλιθος -ου ὁ chrysoliteχρυσόπρασος -ου ὁ chyrsoprase (quartz)χρυσός -οῦ ὁ goldχρυσοῦς -ῆ -οῦν goldenχρυσόω I make goldenχρώς χρωτός ὁ skinχωλός -ή -όν lame crippledχώρα -ας ἡ region districtχωρέω I go out reachχωρίζω I divide separate

divorceχωρίον -ου τό fieldχωρίς without separatelyχωρίσω χωρίζωχῶρος -ου ὁ northwestΨψάλλω I sing praisesψαλμός -οῦ ὁ psalm song of praiseψευδάδελφος -ου ὁ false brotherψευδαπόστολος -ου ὁ false apostleψευδής -ές false lyingψευδοδιδάσκαλος-ου ὁ

false teacher

ψευδολόγος -ον lyingψεύδομαι I lie deceiveψευδομαρτυρέω I give false testimonyψευδομαρτυρία -ας ἡ false witnessψευδόμαρτυς -υρος ὁ a false witnessψευδοπροφήτης -ου ὁ false prophetψεῦδος -ους τό falsehood lieψευδόχριστος -ου ὁ false Christψευδώνυμος -ον falsely calledψεύσμα -ατος τό falsehood lyingψεύστης -ου ὁ liarψηλαφάω I touch handleψηφίζω I calculate reckonψῆφος -ου ἡ pebbleψιθυρισμός -οῦ ὁ gossip whisperingψιθυριστής -οῦ ὁ gossiper whispererψιχίον -ου τό crumb little bitψυχή -ῆς ἡ life soul personψυχικός -ή -όν physical naturalψῦχος -ους τό coldψυχρός -ά -όν coldψύχω I make cold

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ψωμίζω I feed give awayψωμίον -ου τό crumb piece of breadψώχω I rubΩΩ Omega lastὦ Oὧδε hereᾠδή -ῆς ἡ song odeὠδίν -ῖνος ἡ birth pains

ὠδίνω I have birth painsᾠκοδόμησα οἰκοδομέωὦμος -ου ὁ shoulderὤμοσα ὀμνύωὠνέομαι I buyὠνησάμην ὠνέομαιὠνόμασα ὀνομάζωὠνομάσθην ὀνομάζωᾠόν -οῦ τό eggὥρα -ας ἡ hour occasionὡραῖος -α -ον lovely timelyὥρισα ὁρίζωὤρυξα ὀρύσσωὠρύομαι I roar

ὡς as like that whenὡσαννά hosannaὡσαύτως similarly likewiseὡσεί as likeὩσηέ ὁ Hoseaὥσπερ just asὡσπερεί just as likeὥστε therefore so thatὠτάριον -ου τό earὠτίον -ου τό earὠφέλεια -ας ἡ benefit use advantageὠφελέω I help aid benefitωφέλιμος -ον useful beneficialὤφθην ὁράωβλέπω

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IndexA

Accent placement chart 15Accent rules 14Accents 14Accusative case description 30 32Active voice verbs 24Acute accent 14Adjective 47Adjective attributive 47 49Adjective comparative 150Adjective definition 47Adjective paradigm 48Adjective predicate 47 49Adjective substantive 47 49Adjective superlative 151Adversative conjunctions 152Agreement 25 31Alexander the Great 6Alphabet 8Antepenult syllable 14Aorist first 86Aorist first stems 88Aorist participles 112 113Aorist passive 90Aorist passive stems 92Aorist second 81Aorist second stems 83Apostrophe 18Articular infinitives 126Aspect infinitives 125Aspect verbs 20 23Aspirate sound 76Augments 73 82 86

BBauer Danker Arndt and Gingrich 5BDAG lexicon 5Books for Greek 162Breathing marks 17Breathing rough 17Breathing smooth 17

CCardinal numbers 148Case description nouns 22 29Case revisited 157Causal conjunctions 152Circumflex accent 14Clause types 154Clauses 19

Clitics 16Colon punctuation mark 17Comma punctuation mark 17Comparative Adjectives 150Complementary Infinitives 127Compound verbs 60Conditional types 132Conjunctions 152Consonant cluster 12Consonant double 9Contract verb rules 95Contract verbs 95Coronis 18

DDative case definition 22 32 33Dative revised 159Declension definitions 30Declensions first nouns 36Declensions second nouns 30Declensions third nouns 76Declining nouns 34Definite article paradigm 38Definite article definition 18 31 37Demonstrative pronouns 52 66Dental sounds 77 87Deponent verbs definition 59Diaeresis 10Diphthongs 10

EElision 44Enclitic 17 44English grammar review 18

FFinal sigma 9First aorist verbs 85First class condition 132First declension nouns 36First person pronouns 53First person verbs 25Future of εἰμί 64Future tense verbs 62Future irregular verbs 64

GGamma nasal 9Gender nouns 22Genitive absolute 123Genitive case nouns 22 30 31Genitive revised 157God spoke in Greek 1

554

Grave accent 14Greek is hard 3Greek Byzantine 6Greek Classical 6Greek Koine 6Greek Modern 7

HHistorical present verb 26

IImperative verb mood definition 21 24Imperative verbs 129 136Imperative verbs function 138Imperfect verbs 71Indicative verb mood definition 21 24Indirect discourse infinitive 127Infinitive articular 126Infinitive aspect 125Infinitive complementary 127Infinitive form 125Infinitive function 124Infinitives 124Interrogatives 146Iota subscripts 10Iota pronunciation 9

KKoine Greek 1 3 6

LLabial sounds 77 87Liquid sounds 87 97Liquid sounds with future verbs 63Long vowels 9

MMemory Verse

John 11 46 51Mat 610a 80 213Mat 610a-c 84Mat 611 89Mat 612a 94Mat 612b 98Mat 612b-13a 104Mat 613a 223Mat 613b 111 226Mat 69 75 89 94

Mood verbs 21 24Movable nu 27

NNasal gamma 9Nasal sounds 97Negating participles 110Nominative case nouns 22 29Noun definition 18

Noun first declension 36Noun second declension 30Noun third declension 76Nouns grammar review 22Nu movable 27Number nouns 22Number verbs 25Numbers 148

OObject accusative nouns 22Optative verb mood 21Optative verbs 129Ordinal numbers 148

PPalatal sounds 87Parsing format 27Participle aorist 112 113Participle aorist forms 114 115Participle future 109Participle Perfect 118 119Participle Present 107Participle time 107 113Participle translating 107 110 113Particle definition 18 153Particles 153Parts of speech review 18Passive voice verbs 24Past tense English 20 71 81Penult syllable 14Perfect verbs 99Period punctuation 17Periphrastics 122Person verb 25Personal pronouns 52Personal pronouns first person paradigm 53Personal pronouns second person paradigm

54Personal pronouns third person paradigm 55Phonetic addition 10Phonetic chart 10Phrases 19Placement accent chart 15Pluperfect verbs 102Possessive genitive nouns 22 30Predicate of sentence 19Prepositional phrase 40Prepositions 40Prepositions case 40Prepositions chart 45Prepositions compound 44Prepositions definition 18 40

555

Present middlepassive verb 58Present participles 105Present tense historical 26Present tense verbs 20 26Primary endings verbs 26Principle parts verbs 102Proclitic 16 44Pronoun definition 18 52Pronoun demonstrative 52 53Pronoun enclitics 54Pronoun interrogative 146Pronoun person first 53Pronoun person second 54Pronoun person third 55Pronoun personal 52Pronoun reciprocal 52Pronoun reflexive 52Pronoun relative 52Pronoun types 52Pronouns indefinite 146Punctuation marks 17Purpose clauses 154Purpose conjunctions 152

QQuestion mark 17Questions interrogatives 147Questions negative 134

RReasons to study Greek 1Reciprocal pronouns 52Reduplication perfect verbs 99Reflexive pronouns 52Relative pronouns 52Result clause 133Result conjunctions 152Rough breathing mark 17

SSecond aorist verbs 81Second class condition 132Second declension nouns 30Second perfect verbs 101Second person pronouns 54Secondary verbal endings 72Sentence syntax 18Short vowels 9Sibilant sounds 87Sigma final 9Smooth breathing mark 17Subject of sentence 18Subjunctive verb mood definition 21Subjunctive verbs 129

Subjunctive verbs form 130Subjunctive verbs function 133Subjunctive verbs translation 131Subjunctive verbs triggers 131Subscripts iota 10Superlative adjectives 151Syllable names 14Syllable rules slicing 12

TTemporal clauses 155Temporal conjunctions 152Tense verb present 20Third declension nouns 76Third person pronouns 54Third person verbs 25Translations use of 2

UUBS New Testament 5Ultima syllable 14Unvoiced sounds 76

VVelar sound 77Verb definition 18 23Verb aorist First 85Verb aorist Passive 90Verb aorist Second 81Verb aspect review 20 23Verb contract 95Verb first aorist 85 86Verb future activemiddle 62 63Verb future passive 90Verb Imperative form 136Verb Imperative function 138Verb Imperative mood 136Verb imperfect 71Verb imperfect paradigm 72Verb infinitive 124Verb moods 24Verb optative mood 134Verb participle aorist 112Verb participle perfect 118Verb participle present 105Verb perfect 99Verb perfect second 101Verb pluperfect 102Verb present active indicative 25Verb present active paradigm 26Verb present middlepassive 58Verb review grammar 18Verb second aorist 81Verb subjuncive 129

556

Verb subjunctive forms 130Verb subjunctive triggers 131Verb voice 21Verbal adjective participle 105Verbal adverb participle 105Vocative case definition 22Vocative Form 32Voice verbs 21 24Voiced sounds 76Vowel contractions 95Vowels 9

WWord order 34

ἀἀγαθός Paradigm 48ἀλλήλων 69

Γγραφή Paradigm 36γράφω Aorist Passive Paradigm 93

Δδείκνυμι 140 142δίδωμι 140δίδωμι Paradigm 141δίκαιος Paradigm 48

Εεἰμί Imperative 138εἰμί Present Active Indicative 50εἰμί Present Active Participle 110 175εἰμί Subjunctive 131εἷς μία ἕν 148

ἐἐκεῖνος Paradigm 67

ἵἵστημι 140 142

Λλύω First Aorist Subjunctive 130λύω Future Active and Middle Indicative

Paradigm 64λύω Imperative 137

λύω Imperfect Active Indicative 72λύω Infinitive Forms 125λύω Participles Aorist 115 116λύω Participles Perfect 100λύω Participles Present 108λύω Perfect MiddlePassive Indicative 100λύω Present Active Indicative (PAI)

Paradigm 26λύω Present Middle Indicative Paradigm 59λύω Present MiddlePassive Participles 109λύω Present Subjunctive 130

Μμι-verbs 140

ὁὁ ἡ τό Paradigm 38

Οοἶδα Paradigm 101

ὄὄνομα Paradigm 78

ὅὅς ἥ ὅ Paradigm 68

Οοὐ οὐκ and οὐχ 50οὗτος Paradigm 67

Ππᾶς Paradigm 79πίστις Paradigm 78προφήτης Paradigm 37

Σσάρξ Paradigm 77σεαυτοῦ Paradigm 69σύ Paradigm 54

Ττίθημι 140

Χχάρις Paradigm 77

ὥὥρα Paradigm 37

557

Why Study Greek





Vocabulary



Syllable Slicing

Four Syllable Rules

Syllable Names

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules








Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis


Parts of Speech


Phrases

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns

Vocabulary


Introduction


Voice

Mood

Person



Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu ( ν )


Parsing Format


Vocabulary

CHAPTER 4 Second Declension Nouns

Introduction

Gender

Number

Case





Article

Gender


Inflectional Forms

Nominative Form

Genitive Form

Dative Form

Accusative Form

Vocative Form

Declining Nouns

Word Order


Vocabulary


Introduction

The Article


Vocabulary

CHAPTER 6 Prepositions









Elision

Proclitics

Compounds

Vocabulary

CHAPTER 7 Adjectives

Definition





Vocabulary


CHAPTER 8 Personal Pronouns

Definition

Types of Pronouns

Case

Number

Introduction

Pronoun Enclitics



Three Uses


Vocabulary

CHAPTER 9 Present MiddlePassive Verbs

Definitions

Identifying Traits

Translation

Aktionsart

Aspect

Middle Voice



Accompanying Cases

Compound Verbs


Vocabulary

CHAPTER 10 Future Verbs

Introduction


Deponent Futures

Irregular Futures



Vocabulary


Introduction


Relative Pronouns



Vocabulary


Introduction


Greek Imperfect

Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction

Key Letter Box

Sigma Addition

Introduction



Vocabulary


CHAPTER 14 Second Aorist Verbs

Introduction


Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction


First Aorist Form

Augments



Chant First Aorist


Vocabulary

Review



Introduction







Vocabulary

Review



Introduction



Paradigms

LiquidNasal Verbs


Vocabulary

Review




Perfect Formation



Second Perfect

Οἶδα


Principal Parts


Vocabulary


CHAPTER 19 Present Participles

Introduction

Verbal Adjective

Adjective or Adverb



Participle Time




Future Forms





Vocabulary


CHAPTER 20 Aorist Participles

Introduction

Adjective or Adverb

Participle and Time






Vocabulary

CHAPTER 21 Perfect Participles

Introduction






Periphrastic Forms


Genitive Absolutes


Vocabulary


Introduction

Functions








Vocabulary

CHAPTER 23 Subjunctive Verbs

Introduction


Form









Negative Questions


Optatives


Vocabulary


Introduction

TenseAspect

Form

Various Functions


Vocabulary


Introduction

Formation Rules




-μι Participles



Vocabulary

CHAPTER 26 Numbers and Interrogatives

Introduction



Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens

Number One

Example


Vocabulary

CHAPTER 27 Comparatives Conjunctions Adverbs and Clause Types




Conjunctions

Particles

Adverbs


Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses

Cause Clauses

Temporal Clauses

Vocabulary

CHAPTER 28 Case Revisited



Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time

Vocabulary

Commencement

Indispensable Books

Rapid Reading Tools

Other Reading Helps

Vocabulary Builders

Advanced Studies

Workbook Readers


Concordances

Works Cited

Appendix 1 Vocabulary Lists by Chapter

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

Chapter 21

Chapter 22

Chapter 23

Chapter 24

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

Chapter 27

Chapter 28

Appendix 2 Paradigms

Verbs

Present Tense

Contract Verbs

Future Tense

Imperfect Tense

Aorist Tense

Perfect Tense

Infinitive Forms

Subjunctive Mood

Imperative Mood

-μι Verbs


Other Moods

Other -μι Verb Paradigms



Adjectives

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns


Relative Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns


Chapter 1 Summary The Alphabet


Four Syllable Rules

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules


Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis

Diaeresis ( )

Quick Review of English Grammar Parts of Speech


Phrase

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns


Voice

Mood

Person


Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu (ν )

Parsing Format



Article ldquotherdquo

Gender


Case Inflectional Forms


The Article






Definition


οὐ οὐκ and οὐχ



Types of Pronouns

Three Uses



Accompanying Cases


Introduction

ldquoDeponentrdquo (lacking an active form) Futures



Relative Pronouns

ReflexiveReciprocal Pronouns


Greek Imperfect

Augments



Transformations


Chapter 14 Summary Second Aorist Verbs

Augments


Memory Verse Mat 610c



First Aorist Form

Ending Transformations




Introduction



Introduction


Memory Verse Review + Mat 6 12b


Introduction

Perfect Translation



Οἶδα

Pluperfect Paradigm

Principal Parts


Introduction










Introduction



Genitive Absolutes


Introduction

Translations


Complementary Infintives



Introduction


Form




Negative Questions

Optatives


Introduction

Form

Various Functions


Introduction

Formation Rules


Present Paradigms of Other -μι Verbs


Introduction


Interrogatives

Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens






Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses




Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time

Appendix 4 Verb Principal Parts


Appendix 6 29 Greek Chants

Appendix 7 Lordrsquos Prayer (Mat 69b-13)

English-Greek Glossary

Greek-English Glossary


down to 9 times

Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω

copy 2003 by Ted Hildebrandt version 2016Published by Baker Academica division of Baker Book House CompanyPO Box 6287 Grand Rapids MI 49516-6287wwwbakeracademiccom


Verses from the New Testament selected for reading and translation are from The Greek New Testament edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Carlo M Martini Bruce M Metzger and Allen Wikgren 4th revised edition copy 1966 1968 1975 by United Bible Societies 1983 1994 by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft Stuttgart Used by permission

ii

To my father

Ted Hildebrandt






be joyous

Your grateful son

Ted

iii


iv






Enjoy Greek

v

Ted Hildebrandt

vi






1







2








3





4






5









6





7

Introduction 8












8

Introduction 9


9
















10













11



12


Vocabulary







13





Syllable Slicing


Four Syllable Rules






14










15


Syllable Names




Three Accents


λέγω (I say)




αὐτοῦ (his)







16












Six Accent Rules







17


















18





accent)

19






Breathing Marks









acute accent)


Punctuation Marks



20



Apostrophe




Coronis




Parts of Speech








21











Phrases









Clause

22









Vanquishing Verbs



Tense=time Time is





23



















24












Nouns





25



Greek adds two more



Vocabulary


26





Introduction










27


Voice












28

Mood






Person











29








λύ + ω

Translation





Historical Present


30










Movable Nu ( ν )




Parsing Format



31







32


Vocabulary


33





Introduction



Gender



Number



Case

34









He hit the ball









35



Article



Gender





Inflectional Forms


Nominative Form


36



Genitive Form





Dative Form




Accusative Form




37


Vocative Form













38











Declining Nouns


For example


39


Word Order





Vocabulary


40





Introduction








41





ὥρα ἡ = hour











42


The Article


Examples


Article Forms






43


Vocabulary


44














45











from you (Jn 1622)






46


















47




















48
















Elision

49





Proclitics





Compounds



50


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down



51

Vocabulary











52

CHAPTER 7Adjectives




Definition




The snow was soft






Examples

1 Attributive use

53



3 Substantive use






Adjective Paradigm






54
















55








Examples









56















Vocabulary


57





58





Definition



Types of Pronouns








59



Case





Number



Introduction





60







Examples




Pronoun Enclitics







61












Three Uses



62
















Vocabulary

63





64





Definitions


Zach hit the ball




Identifying Traits





Translation


65


Aktionsart



Aspect



Middle Voice





66


















67








Accompanying Cases






Compound Verbs

68









Vocabulary


69




Introduction










70

















71









Deponent Futures



Irregular Futures



72











Vocabulary


73







Introduction









74










Examples




75


Relative Pronouns





ὅς (whowhich)









76















77



78


Vocabulary


above beyond (acc)

79






Introduction




Greek Imperfect



80


Form



I was loosing







1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν










loosed


81




Augments





Four patterns





82







ἤμην ἦμεν

ἦς ἦτε

ἦν ἦσαν







83



84


Vocabulary





85






Introduction




Key Letter Box



86

Sigma Addition






Introduction




Kappa Final Stems




87







-ματ Final Stems



Rho Final Stems





88



πᾶς (all)










89


Vocabulary





90




Introduction











91


Form



Secondary endings

I took











92

Augments






Four patterns








93






Vocabulary





94


95




Introduction









96


First Aorist Form



You loosed













Augments



97



Four patterns











98







Chant First Aorist





99




100


Vocabulary


Review





101





Introduction










102



I was loosed




I will be loosed








Consonant Shifts




Singular Plural

103




Singular Plural










104












105



106


Vocabulary


Review






107




Introduction








α + α = α ε + η = η ο + ω = ω


Two exceptions

ε + ε = ει ο + ο = ου


Rule 2 Ο overcomes

108


ο + α = ω ε + ω = ω










rulesmdash



Exceptions






109



Paradigms








LiquidNasal Verbs


110






111


Vocabulary


Review







112







Perfect Formation



Pronominal ending

Perfect tense form




113


















114

loosed







Second Perfect





Οἶδα


οἶδα Paradigm

115






Principal Parts







116






117




118


Vocabulary





119





Introduction



Verbal Adjective



Adjective or Adverb



120













121


Participle Time








122





















123









124


Future Forms










125











3 1 3



Vocabulary


126






127






Introduction



Adjective or Adverb



128

Participle and Time











the one who loosed





129

loosed


Verbal Adjectival


Imperatival

Indicative

(Substantival)

Subject object etc


Temporal Causal

Means Manner etc

(Adjectival)

Attributive

Predicate







130







131
















132





625)




Vocabulary


133







Introduction






134












135






136




510)


Active Participle

Active Participle





The one loosing




The one who loosed




Middle Participle

Middle Participle












137





Passive Participle

Passive Participle














Periphrastic Forms





138






Genitive Absolutes







139

Vocabulary


140





Introduction



Functions





141







Infinitive Forms





142












143














144


Vocabulary


145






Introduction








146


Form









loose

MiddlePassive

Singular Plural












ourselves

147











loosed









148















149











do then ] (Jn 1912)








150









Negative Questions







have] (1 Cor 91)

151



Optatives










Vocabulary


152


153






Introduction


TenseAspect


Form




154












(I leave)


155





Various Functions


1 As a command


2 As a prohibition









156




157


Vocabulary


158




Introduction












Formation Rules


159








Active Indicatives




Other Moods

Present Subjunctive

Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative


160


Infinitives



(note how regular)











161



Present Paradigms











Principal Parts


162

-μι Participles


Present Participles


MidPass









163








164


Vocabulary


165




Introduction





Example





Neut Masc and Fem

Neut

166



Example









Neut Masc and Fem

Neut



167


Example



Greek Numbers





Cardinal Numbers




168

Teens


Tens


Number One



Example







Vocabulary


169


170








For example






171




















172


Conjunctions


Temporal


Causal


Purpose


Result


Continuative


173

καί and τέ and

Adversative


Particles




Adverbs



174







1 Substantive


2 Adjective


3 Adverb



Purpose Clauses

175








Result Clauses






Cause Clauses


176

For example


Temporal Clauses










4 With a participle


Vocabulary


177


178









Possessive Genitive




179

Relational Genitive









Subjective Genitive




Objective Genitive


180



Time Genitive




Agency Genitive





Indirect Object



181


Dative of Interest




Dative of Location




Dative of Sphere




Instrumental Dative

182




Dative of Time





Vocabulary


183






Indispensable Books






Rapid Reading Tools


184


Other Reading Helps



Vocabulary Builders






Advanced Studies


185


















Press 1999

186







Workbook Readers









187


Concordances






188










Press 1999





189






190












191








above beyond (acc)

192






193






194






195





no no one (90)


no no one (234)



196


such (57)



197

Appendix 2Paradigms

Verbs

Present Tense


















198











199





















200



1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν



















201










202













203















204









205

-μι Verbs






Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative




206










207













Iota Final Stems

208









209


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down

Adjectives



210



Pronouns

Personal Pronouns









211








Relative Pronouns



Reflexive Pronouns



212





213













214







division




pitch αὐτοῦ






215



















216















(O Lord save me)

217











studied Greek)






218









219














sentences






220






221












222


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down








223




224














225






226

















227










228













(for themselves)






229






230











(for themselves)






231
















232









233
















234











235















236





Secondary endings











237




238
























239






240













241




242




















243




244























245




time in the past










246


247




















248


Present Participle














249







250













251















252














253







The one loosing




The one who loosed



Middle Participle






The one loosing




The one who loosed





Passive Participle













254






255













256




introductory word

257
















MiddlePassive

Singular Plural


258
















259












260











261









262













Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative


263











264




265










Neut Masc and Fem

Neut








266










267




comparative

For example









Adversative

268






already












269









270




















271















272






















273

273


























274

274


























275

275


























276

276


























277

277



























278

278


























279

279



























280

280


























281

281

























PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐκολλήθην

282

282



























283

283


























284

284


























285

285

























286

286


























287

287

























288

288



























289

289


290

290





Remember LeMoNeRs





291

291



Secondary Endings



(Redup + κα)



292




Pronouns







293





Participle Paradise













294










295










296




λυθήτωσαν






297







298







299

299














300

300
















loosing(+DA)) 3 1 3


301

301












302



303














πειρασμὸν


304

304



305


306


307


308


309


310


311


312


313


314


315


316


317


318


319


320


321


322


323


324


325


326


327


328


329


330


331


332


333


334


335


336


337


338


339


340


341


342


343


344


345


346


347


348


349




PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ___




















351

351





















352

352



















353

353













354

354














355

355













356

356
















357

357















358

358














359

359

















360

360


















361

361


















362

362














363

363















364

364










365

365



















366

366
















367

367

















368

368










369

369














370

370












371

371












372

372










373

373



















374

374















375

375











376

376















377

377











378

378

















379

379













380

380














381

381














382

382









383

383


down to 9 times

Ted Hildebrandt


Set 1







Set 2





384


Set 3




Set 4







Set 5




385



Set 6





Set 7






geo-graphy

Set 8



386


Set 9






Set 10



Set 11






387




Set 12




Set 13




Set 14





388



dual dualism

Set 15





aeon

Set 16





Set 17




389




Set 18





Set 19





Set 20



390






Set 21



Set 22




Set 23


391


Set 24






Set 25



aeon

Set 26



392



Set 27





Set 28






Set 29


393


Set 30





Set 31





Set 32



394



graphics

Set 33




Set 34




pro-gress

Set 35



395





Set 36





Set 37






Set 38


396





Set 39





Set 40






Set 41


397





Set 42



Set 43


Set 44



398



Set 45


Set 46



Set 47




399

agora (market)

Set 48




Set 49


Set 50





mono-gamy

Set 51

400




Set 52



Set 53



Set 54


401


Set 55




Set 56




Set 57




402


Set 58



Set 59






Set 60




403

Set 61




Set 62



energy

Set 63





Set 64

404



Set 65




Set 66



Set 67


405



Set 68




Set 69


Set 70



406


Set 71



Set 72




Set 73




Set 74

407



Set 75





Set 76



Set 77


408



Set 78



Set 79



Set 80



409


Set 81



Set 82


Set 83



Set 84


410




Set 85





Set 86



noetic

Set 87



411



Set 88




dialectics

Set 89



Set 90


412


pedagogue

Set 91



Set 92


Set 93


Set 94

413




Set 95



moron

Set 96



pluto-crat

Set 97



414


Set 98




Set 99


Set 100



415


Set 101


Set 102




Set 103


Set 104


416



Set 105



Set 106



Set 107


417


Set 108






Set 109



Set 110

ἕξ six 10hexagon


418

Set 111



Set 112


planet

Set 113


Set 114


419


Set 115



Set 116


Set 117



420

Set 118


Set 119


Set 120



Set 121


421


Set 122


Set 123


Set 124


Set 125

422


Set 126


423


Ted Hildebrandt

424

424



425

425






426

426



427

427


428

428


429

429



430

430


cornerstone


Alexandrian



busybody meddler


431

431




432

432


433

433



434

434


435

435


436

436




437

437



unprepared


438

438


439

439



440

440


restoration


441

441





442

442


443

443


synagogue leader



444

444


445

445



446

446


447

447




448

448


449

449


450

450


451

451


452

452



453

453


454

454


455

455


456

456




457

457


458

458




459

459




460

460


hundred fold


461

461



462

462


463

463


464

464



465

465



466

466


467

467



468

468




469

469


470

470



471

471


472

472



473

473


474

474


seven thousand




475

475


476

476




477

477



478

478


479

479




480

480


481

481


482

482


Thessalonian


box

483

483



484

484


485

485



486

486


487

487


teacher of good


488

488



489

489


curtain veil






490

490


nest dwelling


491

491



492

492




493

493




494

494


495

495


ὁworld ruler


496

496


497

497



498

498



499

499


500

500


501

501



τόmid-heaven


502

502



503

503


504

504





505

505


506

506



teacher of the law


507

507


508

508



509

509



510

510


511

511


eye-service


512

512




513

513


by the sea



very similar


514

514



515

515




516

516


five thousand


fifteenth


517

517






518

518


greater more


519

519




person

520

520



521

521






undertaking

522

522


523

523





524

524




525

525


perseverance


pillow


526

526





partiality


527

527


τόtrick crime


528

528


529

529


530

530


531

531


532

532



533

533


534

534






535

535


fellow-elder


536

536


fellow-prisoner





537

537



538

538




Syrophoenician


539

539


humility


540

540



forty years

541

541


ηfourteenth


so great


542

542




so much so many


543

543




544

544



545

545




546

546


547

547





548

548


549

549



550

550



551

551



false teacher


552

552




553

553

IndexA









554




KKoine Greek 1 3 6


MMemory Verse








555









556


WWord order 34











Μμι-verbs 140








Ττίθημι 140



557

Why Study Greek





Vocabulary



Syllable Slicing

Four Syllable Rules

Syllable Names

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules








Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis


Parts of Speech


Phrases

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns

Vocabulary


Introduction


Voice

Mood

Person



Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu ( ν )


Parsing Format


Vocabulary


Introduction

Gender

Number

Case





Article

Gender


Inflectional Forms

Nominative Form

Genitive Form

Dative Form

Accusative Form

Vocative Form

Declining Nouns

Word Order


Vocabulary


Introduction

The Article


Vocabulary










Elision

Proclitics

Compounds

Vocabulary


Definition





Vocabulary



Definition

Types of Pronouns

Case

Number

Introduction

Pronoun Enclitics



Three Uses


Vocabulary


Definitions

Identifying Traits

Translation

Aktionsart

Aspect

Middle Voice



Accompanying Cases

Compound Verbs


Vocabulary


Introduction


Deponent Futures

Irregular Futures



Vocabulary


Introduction


Relative Pronouns



Vocabulary


Introduction


Greek Imperfect

Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction

Key Letter Box

Sigma Addition

Introduction



Vocabulary



Introduction


Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction


First Aorist Form

Augments



Chant First Aorist


Vocabulary

Review



Introduction







Vocabulary

Review



Introduction



Paradigms

LiquidNasal Verbs


Vocabulary

Review




Perfect Formation



Second Perfect

Οἶδα


Principal Parts


Vocabulary



Introduction

Verbal Adjective

Adjective or Adverb



Participle Time




Future Forms





Vocabulary



Introduction

Adjective or Adverb

Participle and Time






Vocabulary


Introduction






Periphrastic Forms


Genitive Absolutes


Vocabulary


Introduction

Functions








Vocabulary


Introduction


Form









Negative Questions


Optatives


Vocabulary


Introduction

TenseAspect

Form

Various Functions


Vocabulary


Introduction

Formation Rules




-μι Participles



Vocabulary


Introduction



Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens

Number One

Example


Vocabulary





Conjunctions

Particles

Adverbs


Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses

Cause Clauses

Temporal Clauses

Vocabulary




Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time

Vocabulary

Commencement

Indispensable Books

Rapid Reading Tools

Other Reading Helps

Vocabulary Builders

Advanced Studies

Workbook Readers


Concordances

Works Cited


Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

Chapter 21

Chapter 22

Chapter 23

Chapter 24

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

Chapter 27

Chapter 28


Verbs

Present Tense

Contract Verbs

Future Tense

Imperfect Tense

Aorist Tense

Perfect Tense

Infinitive Forms

Subjunctive Mood

Imperative Mood

-μι Verbs


Other Moods




Adjectives

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns


Relative Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns




Four Syllable Rules

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules


Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis

Diaeresis ( )



Phrase

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns


Voice

Mood

Person


Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu (ν )

Parsing Format




Gender




The Article






Definition





Types of Pronouns

Three Uses



Accompanying Cases


Introduction




Relative Pronouns



Greek Imperfect

Augments



Transformations



Augments





First Aorist Form





Introduction



Introduction




Introduction

Perfect Translation



Οἶδα

Pluperfect Paradigm

Principal Parts


Introduction










Introduction



Genitive Absolutes


Introduction

Translations





Introduction


Form




Negative Questions

Optatives


Introduction

Form

Various Functions


Introduction

Formation Rules




Introduction


Interrogatives

Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens






Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses




Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time








down to 9 times


To my father

Ted Hildebrandt






be joyous

Your grateful son

Ted

iii


iv






Enjoy Greek

v

Ted Hildebrandt

vi






1







2








3





4






5









6





7

Introduction 8












8

Introduction 9


9
















10













11



12


Vocabulary







13





Syllable Slicing


Four Syllable Rules






14










15


Syllable Names




Three Accents


λέγω (I say)




αὐτοῦ (his)







16












Six Accent Rules







17


















18





accent)

19






Breathing Marks









acute accent)


Punctuation Marks



20



Apostrophe




Coronis




Parts of Speech








21











Phrases









Clause

22









Vanquishing Verbs



Tense=time Time is





23



















24












Nouns





25



Greek adds two more



Vocabulary


26





Introduction










27


Voice












28

Mood






Person











29








λύ + ω

Translation





Historical Present


30










Movable Nu ( ν )




Parsing Format



31







32


Vocabulary


33





Introduction



Gender



Number



Case

34









He hit the ball









35



Article



Gender





Inflectional Forms


Nominative Form


36



Genitive Form





Dative Form




Accusative Form




37


Vocative Form













38











Declining Nouns


For example


39


Word Order





Vocabulary


40





Introduction








41





ὥρα ἡ = hour











42


The Article


Examples


Article Forms






43


Vocabulary


44














45











from you (Jn 1622)






46


















47




















48
















Elision

49





Proclitics





Compounds



50


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down



51

Vocabulary











52

CHAPTER 7Adjectives




Definition




The snow was soft






Examples

1 Attributive use

53



3 Substantive use






Adjective Paradigm






54
















55








Examples









56















Vocabulary


57





58





Definition



Types of Pronouns








59



Case





Number



Introduction





60







Examples




Pronoun Enclitics







61












Three Uses



62
















Vocabulary

63





64





Definitions


Zach hit the ball




Identifying Traits





Translation


65


Aktionsart



Aspect



Middle Voice





66


















67








Accompanying Cases






Compound Verbs

68









Vocabulary


69




Introduction










70

















71









Deponent Futures



Irregular Futures



72











Vocabulary


73







Introduction









74










Examples




75


Relative Pronouns





ὅς (whowhich)









76















77



78


Vocabulary


above beyond (acc)

79






Introduction




Greek Imperfect



80


Form



I was loosing







1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν










loosed


81




Augments





Four patterns





82







ἤμην ἦμεν

ἦς ἦτε

ἦν ἦσαν







83



84


Vocabulary





85






Introduction




Key Letter Box



86

Sigma Addition






Introduction




Kappa Final Stems




87







-ματ Final Stems



Rho Final Stems





88



πᾶς (all)










89


Vocabulary





90




Introduction











91


Form



Secondary endings

I took











92

Augments






Four patterns








93






Vocabulary





94


95




Introduction









96


First Aorist Form



You loosed













Augments



97



Four patterns











98







Chant First Aorist





99




100


Vocabulary


Review





101





Introduction










102



I was loosed




I will be loosed








Consonant Shifts




Singular Plural

103




Singular Plural










104












105



106


Vocabulary


Review






107




Introduction








α + α = α ε + η = η ο + ω = ω


Two exceptions

ε + ε = ει ο + ο = ου


Rule 2 Ο overcomes

108


ο + α = ω ε + ω = ω










rulesmdash



Exceptions






109



Paradigms








LiquidNasal Verbs


110






111


Vocabulary


Review







112







Perfect Formation



Pronominal ending

Perfect tense form




113


















114

loosed







Second Perfect





Οἶδα


οἶδα Paradigm

115






Principal Parts







116






117




118


Vocabulary





119





Introduction



Verbal Adjective



Adjective or Adverb



120













121


Participle Time








122





















123









124


Future Forms










125











3 1 3



Vocabulary


126






127






Introduction



Adjective or Adverb



128

Participle and Time











the one who loosed





129

loosed


Verbal Adjectival


Imperatival

Indicative

(Substantival)

Subject object etc


Temporal Causal

Means Manner etc

(Adjectival)

Attributive

Predicate







130







131
















132





625)




Vocabulary


133







Introduction






134












135






136




510)


Active Participle

Active Participle





The one loosing




The one who loosed




Middle Participle

Middle Participle












137





Passive Participle

Passive Participle














Periphrastic Forms





138






Genitive Absolutes







139

Vocabulary


140





Introduction



Functions





141







Infinitive Forms





142












143














144


Vocabulary


145






Introduction








146


Form









loose

MiddlePassive

Singular Plural












ourselves

147











loosed









148















149











do then ] (Jn 1912)








150









Negative Questions







have] (1 Cor 91)

151



Optatives










Vocabulary


152


153






Introduction


TenseAspect


Form




154












(I leave)


155





Various Functions


1 As a command


2 As a prohibition









156




157


Vocabulary


158




Introduction












Formation Rules


159








Active Indicatives




Other Moods

Present Subjunctive

Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative


160


Infinitives



(note how regular)











161



Present Paradigms











Principal Parts


162

-μι Participles


Present Participles


MidPass









163








164


Vocabulary


165




Introduction





Example





Neut Masc and Fem

Neut

166



Example









Neut Masc and Fem

Neut



167


Example



Greek Numbers





Cardinal Numbers




168

Teens


Tens


Number One



Example







Vocabulary


169


170








For example






171




















172


Conjunctions


Temporal


Causal


Purpose


Result


Continuative


173

καί and τέ and

Adversative


Particles




Adverbs



174







1 Substantive


2 Adjective


3 Adverb



Purpose Clauses

175








Result Clauses






Cause Clauses


176

For example


Temporal Clauses










4 With a participle


Vocabulary


177


178









Possessive Genitive




179

Relational Genitive









Subjective Genitive




Objective Genitive


180



Time Genitive




Agency Genitive





Indirect Object



181


Dative of Interest




Dative of Location




Dative of Sphere




Instrumental Dative

182




Dative of Time





Vocabulary


183






Indispensable Books






Rapid Reading Tools


184


Other Reading Helps



Vocabulary Builders






Advanced Studies


185


















Press 1999

186







Workbook Readers









187


Concordances






188










Press 1999





189






190












191








above beyond (acc)

192






193






194






195





no no one (90)


no no one (234)



196


such (57)



197

Appendix 2Paradigms

Verbs

Present Tense


















198











199





















200



1 -ν -μεν2 -ς -τε3 -ε -ν



















201










202













203















204









205

-μι Verbs






Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative




206










207













Iota Final Stems

208









209


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down

Adjectives



210



Pronouns

Personal Pronouns









211








Relative Pronouns



Reflexive Pronouns



212





213













214







division




pitch αὐτοῦ






215



















216















(O Lord save me)

217











studied Greek)






218









219














sentences






220






221












222


διά through

πρός to




κατά against


κατά down








223




224














225






226

















227










228













(for themselves)






229






230











(for themselves)






231
















232









233
















234











235















236





Secondary endings











237




238
























239






240













241




242




















243




244























245




time in the past










246


247




















248


Present Participle














249







250













251















252














253







The one loosing




The one who loosed



Middle Participle






The one loosing




The one who loosed





Passive Participle













254






255













256




introductory word

257
















MiddlePassive

Singular Plural


258
















259












260











261









262













Aorist Subjunctive

Present Imperative

Aorist Imperative


263











264




265










Neut Masc and Fem

Neut








266










267




comparative

For example









Adversative

268






already












269









270




















271















272






















273

273


























274

274


























275

275


























276

276


























277

277



























278

278


























279

279



























280

280


























281

281

























PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ἐκολλήθην

282

282



























283

283


























284

284


























285

285

























286

286


























287

287

























288

288



























289

289


290

290





Remember LeMoNeRs





291

291



Secondary Endings



(Redup + κα)



292




Pronouns







293





Participle Paradise













294










295










296




λυθήτωσαν






297







298







299

299














300

300
















loosing(+DA)) 3 1 3


301

301












302



303














πειρασμὸν


304

304



305


306


307


308


309


310


311


312


313


314


315


316


317


318


319


320


321


322


323


324


325


326


327


328


329


330


331


332


333


334


335


336


337


338


339


340


341


342


343


344


345


346


347


348


349




PP ___ ___ ___ ___ ___




















351

351





















352

352



















353

353













354

354














355

355













356

356
















357

357















358

358














359

359

















360

360


















361

361


















362

362














363

363















364

364










365

365



















366

366
















367

367

















368

368










369

369














370

370












371

371












372

372










373

373



















374

374















375

375











376

376















377

377











378

378

















379

379













380

380














381

381














382

382









383

383


down to 9 times

Ted Hildebrandt


Set 1







Set 2





384


Set 3




Set 4







Set 5




385



Set 6





Set 7






geo-graphy

Set 8



386


Set 9






Set 10



Set 11






387




Set 12




Set 13




Set 14





388



dual dualism

Set 15





aeon

Set 16





Set 17




389




Set 18





Set 19





Set 20



390






Set 21



Set 22




Set 23


391


Set 24






Set 25



aeon

Set 26



392



Set 27





Set 28






Set 29


393


Set 30





Set 31





Set 32



394



graphics

Set 33




Set 34




pro-gress

Set 35



395





Set 36





Set 37






Set 38


396





Set 39





Set 40






Set 41


397





Set 42



Set 43


Set 44



398



Set 45


Set 46



Set 47




399

agora (market)

Set 48




Set 49


Set 50





mono-gamy

Set 51

400




Set 52



Set 53



Set 54


401


Set 55




Set 56




Set 57




402


Set 58



Set 59






Set 60




403

Set 61




Set 62



energy

Set 63





Set 64

404



Set 65




Set 66



Set 67


405



Set 68




Set 69


Set 70



406


Set 71



Set 72




Set 73




Set 74

407



Set 75





Set 76



Set 77


408



Set 78



Set 79



Set 80



409


Set 81



Set 82


Set 83



Set 84


410




Set 85





Set 86



noetic

Set 87



411



Set 88




dialectics

Set 89



Set 90


412


pedagogue

Set 91



Set 92


Set 93


Set 94

413




Set 95



moron

Set 96



pluto-crat

Set 97



414


Set 98




Set 99


Set 100



415


Set 101


Set 102




Set 103


Set 104


416



Set 105



Set 106



Set 107


417


Set 108






Set 109



Set 110

ἕξ six 10hexagon


418

Set 111



Set 112


planet

Set 113


Set 114


419


Set 115



Set 116


Set 117



420

Set 118


Set 119


Set 120



Set 121


421


Set 122


Set 123


Set 124


Set 125

422


Set 126


423


Ted Hildebrandt

424

424



425

425






426

426



427

427


428

428


429

429



430

430


cornerstone


Alexandrian



busybody meddler


431

431




432

432


433

433



434

434


435

435


436

436




437

437



unprepared


438

438


439

439



440

440


restoration


441

441





442

442


443

443


synagogue leader



444

444


445

445



446

446


447

447




448

448


449

449


450

450


451

451


452

452



453

453


454

454


455

455


456

456




457

457


458

458




459

459




460

460


hundred fold


461

461



462

462


463

463


464

464



465

465



466

466


467

467



468

468




469

469


470

470



471

471


472

472



473

473


474

474


seven thousand




475

475


476

476




477

477



478

478


479

479




480

480


481

481


482

482


Thessalonian


box

483

483



484

484


485

485



486

486


487

487


teacher of good


488

488



489

489


curtain veil






490

490


nest dwelling


491

491



492

492




493

493




494

494


495

495


ὁworld ruler


496

496


497

497



498

498



499

499


500

500


501

501



τόmid-heaven


502

502



503

503


504

504





505

505


506

506



teacher of the law


507

507


508

508



509

509



510

510


511

511


eye-service


512

512




513

513


by the sea



very similar


514

514



515

515




516

516


five thousand


fifteenth


517

517






518

518


greater more


519

519




person

520

520



521

521






undertaking

522

522


523

523





524

524




525

525


perseverance


pillow


526

526





partiality


527

527


τόtrick crime


528

528


529

529


530

530


531

531


532

532



533

533


534

534






535

535


fellow-elder


536

536


fellow-prisoner





537

537



538

538




Syrophoenician


539

539


humility


540

540



forty years

541

541


ηfourteenth


so great


542

542




so much so many


543

543




544

544



545

545




546

546


547

547





548

548


549

549



550

550



551

551



false teacher


552

552




553

553

IndexA









554




KKoine Greek 1 3 6


MMemory Verse








555









556


WWord order 34











Μμι-verbs 140








Ττίθημι 140



557

Why Study Greek





Vocabulary



Syllable Slicing

Four Syllable Rules

Syllable Names

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules








Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis


Parts of Speech


Phrases

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns

Vocabulary


Introduction


Voice

Mood

Person



Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu ( ν )


Parsing Format


Vocabulary


Introduction

Gender

Number

Case





Article

Gender


Inflectional Forms

Nominative Form

Genitive Form

Dative Form

Accusative Form

Vocative Form

Declining Nouns

Word Order


Vocabulary


Introduction

The Article


Vocabulary










Elision

Proclitics

Compounds

Vocabulary


Definition





Vocabulary



Definition

Types of Pronouns

Case

Number

Introduction

Pronoun Enclitics



Three Uses


Vocabulary


Definitions

Identifying Traits

Translation

Aktionsart

Aspect

Middle Voice



Accompanying Cases

Compound Verbs


Vocabulary


Introduction


Deponent Futures

Irregular Futures



Vocabulary


Introduction


Relative Pronouns



Vocabulary


Introduction


Greek Imperfect

Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction

Key Letter Box

Sigma Addition

Introduction



Vocabulary



Introduction


Form

Augments



Vocabulary



Introduction


First Aorist Form

Augments



Chant First Aorist


Vocabulary

Review



Introduction







Vocabulary

Review



Introduction



Paradigms

LiquidNasal Verbs


Vocabulary

Review




Perfect Formation



Second Perfect

Οἶδα


Principal Parts


Vocabulary



Introduction

Verbal Adjective

Adjective or Adverb



Participle Time




Future Forms





Vocabulary



Introduction

Adjective or Adverb

Participle and Time






Vocabulary


Introduction






Periphrastic Forms


Genitive Absolutes


Vocabulary


Introduction

Functions








Vocabulary


Introduction


Form









Negative Questions


Optatives


Vocabulary


Introduction

TenseAspect

Form

Various Functions


Vocabulary


Introduction

Formation Rules




-μι Participles



Vocabulary


Introduction



Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens

Number One

Example


Vocabulary





Conjunctions

Particles

Adverbs


Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses

Cause Clauses

Temporal Clauses

Vocabulary




Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time

Vocabulary

Commencement

Indispensable Books

Rapid Reading Tools

Other Reading Helps

Vocabulary Builders

Advanced Studies

Workbook Readers


Concordances

Works Cited


Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

Chapter 21

Chapter 22

Chapter 23

Chapter 24

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

Chapter 27

Chapter 28


Verbs

Present Tense

Contract Verbs

Future Tense

Imperfect Tense

Aorist Tense

Perfect Tense

Infinitive Forms

Subjunctive Mood

Imperative Mood

-μι Verbs


Other Moods




Adjectives

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns


Relative Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns




Four Syllable Rules

Three Accents


Six Accent Rules


Breathing Marks

Punctuation Marks

Apostrophe

Coronis

Diaeresis ( )



Phrase

Clause

Vanquishing Verbs

Nouns


Voice

Mood

Person


Translation

Historical Present

Movable Nu (ν )

Parsing Format




Gender




The Article






Definition





Types of Pronouns

Three Uses



Accompanying Cases


Introduction




Relative Pronouns



Greek Imperfect

Augments



Transformations



Augments





First Aorist Form





Introduction



Introduction




Introduction

Perfect Translation



Οἶδα

Pluperfect Paradigm

Principal Parts


Introduction










Introduction



Genitive Absolutes


Introduction

Translations





Introduction


Form




Negative Questions

Optatives


Introduction

Form

Various Functions


Introduction

Formation Rules




Introduction


Interrogatives

Greek Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

Teens

Tens






Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses




Possessive Genitive

Relational Genitive


Subjective Genitive

Objective Genitive

Time Genitive

Agency Genitive


Indirect Object

Dative of Interest

Dative of Location

Dative of Sphere

Instrumental Dative

Dative of Time








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