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Maker-Assisted Selection (MAS) Selection of parental lines (P 1 and P 2 ) Crossing : P 1 (recurrent parent) x P 2 (donor parent) Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS) BC 1 F 1 BC 2 F 1 BC 3 F 1 BC 3 F 3 Improved lines Evaluation and advanced testing in conventional breeding F 3: 4 F 3: 5 Selection of lines based on genetic value, molecular score weight, intensity of selection… Inter-mating of selected lines Extract fixed lines QTL estimation , content and effect Inter-mating of selected lines Genotypi ng Phenotypi ng Genome-Wide Marker-Assisted Selection (GWMAS) Genetics and Genomics Platform for Rice in Africa Genotyping and genetic gain simulation in crossing selected lines (Optimas: GCP IBP tool) Genotyping and genetic gain simulation in crossing selected lines (Optimas: GCP IBP tool) Foreground selection ►Identification of BC 1 F 1 individuals that are heterozygous for the closest marker and homozygous at the flanking markers ►Backcross of the selected BC 1 F 1 individuals with P 1 to produce BC 2 F 1 Whole genome background selection ►Identification of BC 2 F 1 individuals that are heterozygous for the closest marker with the highest proportion of the recurrent parent genome using higher molecular marker number. ►Self the selected individuals to produce BC 2 F 2 NARS If large population size I f l a r g e p o p u l a t i o n s i z e Development of breeding lines using marker technologies: The approach used by the Genetics and Genomics Platform for Rice in Africa F 1 X P 1 Advanced Research Institut es Inbred 1 x Inbred 2 Extraction of evaluation for genotyped plants Breeding value : Estimation of marker effect Selection of Np plants (144) Recombination Selection of 144 plants Genotyping , selection of 4 plants and inter- mating Choice of 24 seeds per cross Recombination Selection of 144 plants Selection of 4 plants and Inter-mating Choice of 24 seeds per cross Plant selection based on best GEBV* F 2 F 2 derived-lines (BC, 3 ways cross, double cross) High density genotyping (128- 256 markers) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Repeat the procedure for 2 cycles * Genomic Estimated Breeding Values TOWARD TO FROM 2 x

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Maker-Assisted Selection (MAS)

Selection of parental lines (P1 and P2)

Crossing : P1 (recurrent parent) x P2 (donor parent)

Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS)

BC1F1

BC2F1

BC3F1

BC3F3

Improved lines

Evaluation and advanced testing in conventional breeding

F3:4

F3:5

Selection of lines based on genetic value, molecular score weight,

intensity of selection…

Inter-mating of selected lines

Extract fixed lines

QTL

esti

mati

on ,

cont

ent a

nd e

ffect

Inter-mating of selected lines

Genotyping

Phenotyping

Genome-Wide Marker-Assisted Selection (GWMAS)

Genetics and Genomics

Platform for Rice in Africa

Genotyping and genetic gain simulation in crossing selected lines (Optimas: GCP IBP tool)

Foreground selection ►Identification of BC1F1 individuals that are heterozygous for the closest marker and homozygous at the flanking markers ►Backcross of the selected BC1F1 individuals with P1 to produce BC2F1

Whole genome background selection►Identification of BC2F1 individuals that are heterozygous for the closest marker with the highest proportion of the recurrent parent genome using higher molecular marker number.►Self the selected individuals to produce BC2F2

NARS

If large population size

Development of breeding lines using marker technologies: The approach used by the Genetics and Genomics Platform for Rice in Africa

X P1

Advanced Research Institutes

Inbred 1 x Inbred 2

Extraction of evaluation for genotyped plants

Breeding value : Estimation of marker effect

Selection of Np plants (144)

Recombination

Selection of 144 plants

Genotyping , selection of 4 plants and inter-mating