marlborough historic property survey - book 1

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX 8/31/95

rev. 8/97

MHC/MapNumber

AQTKAHADJAKFACAPDVANAAZGPAJABAFLAWAESXHENAIYQAMAGIoARUASRAOBALCM

Beaman LaneChestnut HillChurch Street AreaClover HillCook LaneEast Main Street AreaElm Street AreaFainnount HillFarm Rd.lWilson St. AreaFort Meadmv AreaFrench HillFrye AreaHillside SchoolHosmer/East Main St. AreaHowe Farm DivisionHo\ve Street AreaIrving & Cottage StreetsLake Williams AreaLower Concord and Stowe RoadsLower Main/Maple Street AreaLower Pleasant St.Main Street AreaMaplewood AreaMarlborough Junction6. 12. 16 McIntyre CourtMechaniclHudson/ Ash St. AreasMiddle VillageMt. Pleasant Hill48. 52. 58 New10n StreetOuter West Main StreetProspect Hill72. 76 Rice StreetRobin HillSouthlWestlBeach StreetsSpring HillSpruce & John StreetsSudbury Reservoir Area (NR)Upper Pleasant St. AreaWachusett Aqueduct Area (NR)43. 45 Washington StreetWest Hill Road AreaWest Main StreetWest MarlboroughWest VillageWitherbee Street

Book 2. Sec. 1. Tab 4Book 5. Sec. L Tab 15Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 6Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 2Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 4Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 5Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 10Book 5. Sec. L Tab 1Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 14Book 3. Sec. L Tab 1Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 14Book 3. Sec. L Tab 6Book 3. Sec. L Tab 12Book 3. Sec. L Tab 14Book 3. Sec. 1. Tab 15Book 5. Sec. L Tab 2Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 11Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 5Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 7Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 9Book 5. Sec. L Tab 7Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 11Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 13Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 14Book 5. Sec. L Tab 14Book 4. Sec. L Tab 2Book 5. Sec. L Tab 3Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 15Book 5. Sec. 2. Tab 9Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 10Book 4. Sec. 1. Tab 9Book 5. Sec. L Tab 12Book 4. Sec. 1. Tab 11Book 4. Sec. L Tab 13Book 5. Sec. L Tab 4Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 10On file with Mass. Hist. Comm.Book 4. Sec. I. Tab 8On file with Mass. Hist. Comm.Book 5. Sec. L Tab 13Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 9Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 12Book 5. Sec. 2. Tab 1Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 13Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 8

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX. cont, 8/31/95

NOTE: Although the inventory includes each entire area listed on Page 1, and outlined on each Area SketchMap, only resources which have individual forms, or are mentioned in text of the Area Forms, have beengiven inventory numbers and are listed on the Index of Inventoried Properties. As a rule, these represent themost historically or architecturally significant resources surveyed. There are more historic properties locatedwithin most areas, however. (See the Area Sketch Maps for their locations.) Starred properties (*) arediscussed on an individual or small area or streetscape form

MHC/MapNumber Street Address

Adams Street391 14390 16389 18388 32

702703704

11541155115611571158115911601161

Allen Court135

Ames Place1119263031364043

Amold Street299 36

Ash Street19

Auburn Street549 10550 18

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95


*81*902

350351*808*80711861185118411831182

First Baptist ChurchThe Volunteer

Beach Street1675

St. Mary's CemeteryImmaculate Conception Cemetery

127132137157187

Beaman Lane34

Belmont Street19

Belmont Street Extension*909 Sligo Hill Water Tank

Berkeley Street661 64

1261126212631264126512661267126812691252*4*652

Berlin Road435461100116170250396399561615616

SylvanusJEber Howe HouseS. Howe House



Bicknell Street1041 121040 171039 191038 401054 98

Bigelow Street1231 21232 1521233 2141234 236*38 3401250 428*39 5511251 780

Bolton Street504 28 (30)*193 36505 47473 70*192 73507 911054 981074 1031055 1041073 1171056 1321057 1361058 1461072 1591059 2021071 225*104( demo!.) 359*73 370

Bond Street1216 251217 281218 351219 361220 511221 611222 65

Randall/Phelps HouseJ. Burke HouseCutler HouseShields HouseHowe/W oods House

City HomeJosephfThaddeus Howe Homestead


MHC/MapNumber

*77*931101*14*15*124*125*126*907*908

714715716717718719720721722723724725

11391140432433434435436437

Boston Post Road (East)191547929982101510151015

Simon Maynard HouseStowlWilliamsrremple HouseSeymour HouseWilliam Hager HouseAmos/Jonas Darling HouseParmenter/Garfield (Wayside Country) StoreCobbler's shopWorkmen's QuartersHager PondHager Pond Dam

Boston Post Road (West)275

Boudreau Avenue141518202526303134353842

Bridge Street812293340444852

O'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental house

Brigham Avenue36

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

113411351136*34*9131189

105310521051

*141*95*159*96349348342341307306305304303302301300

1110*23*22

458459460

530531

Brigham Street345693303 Samuel Brigham II House

Jericho Hill Ski AreaWilliam Felton House

Brimsmead Street738690

West HouseJ.W. Barnes House

Broad Street91026

Rev. Horatio Alger HouseSt. Anne's AcademySt. Mary's RectorySt. Mary's ChurchLa Fleur HouseFlory HouseVigeant HouseFeltonNigeant HouseBoudreau HouseChristmas HouseChristmas House

46526879135144148168181191195236

Broadmeadow Street8/10280506

Barnes HouseDaniel Hayden HouseN ewtonlDadmun House

Brook Street273135

Brown Street619

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, cont. 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

*XOO532

Cashman StreetMentioned in Area H - Middle Village - No specific properties cited

Cedar Hill Road*920 (NR)

Central Street*805*IX5467 23466 33465 37464 39463 44462 49461 53

Chandler Street1080 521079 571078 861077 1031076 108

Charles Street362 25

Chestnut Street252 19253 3325.:1- 53/55* 116 X4293 123294 140295 1442% 148297 182

Church Street561 65G2 91II5G] 14

Old Common CemeterySts. Anargyroi ChurchKnowlton HouseMartin House

Barnes HouseJames Belser House

Bucklin rental houseSylvester Bucklin. 2nd HouseBucklin rental house

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCIDTECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, coot. 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

564565566567*975825835846609653654655656657658659660

Church Street, cont.1518345052909595146177185201205210218228 Church/78 Greenwood St.252

Clinton Street552 24551 50

11871188

671672673

109810991100*8*634*56*635*55

111411151116

Clover Hill Street46187

Commonwealth Aven ue171819

Concord Road4456582002395407871126

Cook Lane162164167

Nourse HouseL.L. Tarbell HouseMethodist ParsonageFirst Methodist ChurchA.P. Sanborn House

Miller HouseJ. O'Connell House

Greenwood houseWarner House

Joab Stow HouseHeman Stow HouseWeeksIHowe HouseWitt HouseKeyes(?)/Weeks House


MHC/MapNumber

Cook Lane. cont.1117 172*47 407

Corev Road*204 4

Cottage Street447 1446 2

Cotting Avenue1163 141164 151165 221166 291167 36/381168 401169 58*121 62

Crane Meadow Road*921(NR)*922(NR)

Crescent Street352 20353 34

1. O'Connell rental house1. O'COlmell rental house

Hultman Shaft # 1, Wachusett AqueductCrane Meadow Arch Bridge

Cross StreetMentioned in Area D - French Hill - No specific properties listed

Cullinane Drive137

547548

Dmis Street1222

493494

Devens Street12ISO.

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISATORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, cont. 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber Street Address Historic Name

Devens Street, cant.495 19496 20 W.S. Frost House497 34/36 Boyd & O'Neil rental house498 41 Kellehan House499 42500 46501 52502 54/56503 60

DO\v Place410 1409 3408 4407 6

Dudley Street1235 39 S. Ames House

Eager Court*21 45 Eager House

East Main Street*905 John P.Colleary Marker* 114 (demo!.) 15 Dacey's Garage535 47536 51533 50 ca. 1915 shingled bungalow90 60 William Stetson House539 79*195 83 Samuel Chipmen House515 96 J. Stowe House540 97 E. Stowe House541 133 Rice & Hutchins Middlesex Factory542 135 Nourse House*200 138 Lewis Fleton house544 140 WhitneyIDadmunIHoIyoke House545 148 R.D. Mortimer House560 151 Bowen House546 156 Davis House559 157557 160 Davis House*201 165 c.L. Bliss House



Devens Street cant.495 19496 20 W.S. Frost House497 34/36 Boyd & O'Neil rental house498 41 Kellehan House499 42500 46501 52502 54/56503 60

Dovv Place410 1409 3408 4407 6

Dudley Street1235 39 S. Ames House

Eager Court*21 45 Eager House

East Main Street*905 John PColleary Marker* 114 (demo!.) 15 Dacey's Garage535 47536 51533 50 ca. 1915 shingled bungalow'90 60 William Stetson House539 79*195 83 Samuel Chipmen House515 96 J. Stowe House540 97 E. Stm.ve House~J.I 133 Rice & Hutchins Middlesex Factory.. ,542 135 Nourse House*200 138 Le",..is Fleton house544 140 WhitneylDadmun/Holyoke House545 148 R.D. Mortimer House560 151 Bm.ven House546 156 Davis House559 157557 160 Davis House*201 165 c.L. Bliss House


MHC/MapNumber

556558555*415541081108210831084108510861087*94*26(demol.)

666667668669

East Main Street con1.166167178200202205207211215225297255334350

Davis HouseJohnJJasonIRufus Howe House

Dennison Brigham HouseCoca Cola Bottling PlantJohn Stow Housesite of Warren School

Edinborough Street101149153161

Ellis AvenueBriefly mentioned in Area C. West Village, but no specific properties listed.

538537

*14228528.:1-

283*69*682821225122()122712281229*42 (20) (NR)*5712301240*67

Elm Place27

Elm Street6811311812715919021324526528831 ]314377475481626796

Allen HouseProctor House

Samuel Howe HouseCaleb Brigham House

Madden HousePeter Rice HouseJacob and Thomas Rice HouseSolomon Rice HouseW. Arnold HouseNoah Brigham House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Couto 8/31/95


Emmett Street365 4

616617618619620621622623624625626*2066276286296301118

Essex Street404262777881878999119124133160166180191268

Estabrook Avenue1027 9/11

Exeter Street662 28663 54

*162*163*164*165*166*167

*168385384383

Fairmount Street253437384950

Joseph Cosgrove HouseBrigham/Davenport HouseCaleb Witherbee HouseFrederick Smith HouseAldrich HouseT.P. Hurley House

Fairmount Street, cont.64101115123

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Con!. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

1122112111201119*58*13*46*639*640*59*64111131112111111091108110792411061105110411031102

343344345346347

*441063

411412*178*179

11991200*810

Farm Road296692104180218327386at 386418458523540580667685694

Horn( e) HouseArnold HouseTemple HouseTemple(?) HouseHarrington HouseFrancis Barnard HouseJohn/Gershom Bigelow HouseMorse/Arnold HousebarnJoseph Morse HouseWilliam Morse HouseWilliams HouseAdonijah Newton HouseJoseph Arnold HouseFarm Road School (?)

714721747793815

Fay Court1314171922

Fowler Street2934

Florence Street647782 Marlboro Electric Light Co.

"" " transformer station

Forest Street2743

Williams SchoolDadmun HouseIndian Burial Ground

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Con!. DRAFf: 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

1126*647*648112511241123*919 (NR)

516517518519520521522

292291290289288287

*203572573571

726727728729730731732733734735736

Framingham Road385693139171172

Michael Burke HouseFrank Billings House

Morse HouseWalker HouseMarlborough Filter Beds

Francis Street21374968737890

Conley HouseMurphy HouseHurley HouseBurke House

Franklin Street182226303843

F. Simmons HouseHowe rental houseHowe rental houseHowe rental house

Front Street15162128

Coolidge HouseHunterlRice House

Frye Street1318223243495053596569



Gates Avenue578 5581 6579 7580 10

Gav Street325 9 E. Hudson House32-1- 10323 17322 20321 35320 55319 59

Gleason Street119-1- 301193 351192 -1-8

Gleason Street Extension1191 181190 26

Glen Street1236 1-1-1237 62*650 228 B Brigham House*651 at 228 barn

Goodale Road: (Chestnut Street in Hudson)100 Goodale Homestead

Grace Circle50

*9()..J.

*903Ward ParkArtemus Ward Gates


MHC/MapNumber

334335336

Grant Street1117212228485559

326327328329330

Grant CourtMentioned in Historical Narrative of Area H - Middle Village, but no individual properties mentioned.

Greendale Avenue678 3 Wilder House

Greenwood Street674 62675 73676 77677 145

Grove Street599 10

Harrison Place. Hastings Street. Howe CourtMentioned in Historical Narrative of Area C - West Village, but no individual properties mentioned.

Han'ard Street694 6

Havden Street370 14371 19372 20373 35

Hemenway Street*638 271*51 768*49 786

High Street527 1652() 24*194 37

Hemenway HouseSupply Weeks Housebarn

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

7937947957967977987991000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015101610171018

586*83585587588589590591592593594595596*205597598

Highland Street1327303138434755606876/7877/7984103107108122128134135136141144149156157

Clisbee HouseHutchins House

Hutchins HouseE.L. Manning House

Manning HouseH.W. Clark HouseTayntor rental houseTayntor rental houseSimmons rental houseFrazel House

Hildreth Street22274091101102109117123128134140146153154180



Hollis Street1020 371019 41

*27108810891090*52*631*632*633

*182427428429430431438439440441450451*180452453454*78455

255*118256257258

766767768

Hosmer Street196202305616719at 719at 719

Fitzgerald (?) HouseEager House

Uriah Maynard HouseLewis Hapgood Housecottagegaragelbarn foundation

Howe Street37515561658590949798117135137141158168173177

Rice & Hutchins Curtis Shoe FactoryO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental house

O'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseO'Connell rental houseWilliam Stetson House

Howland Street515571 (69)7381

T.A. Coolidge HoueCoolidge Shoe Company

Hudson Street81216

Barry HouseO'Donnell HouseKirby House



Hudson Street cont.769 19770 20771 24*61 77923772 104773 130774 134775 146776 156777 170

Huntington Avenue1034 53/551035 611036 691037 84480 25

Irving Street448 1449 2

Jefferson Street792 6791 14790 20789 23*645 72*915

John Street445 41

Kirby Street748 32

Lakeside Avenue1214 25*62 77*54(demoL) 221*649 2311215

Tayntor HomesteadAllen Howe MonumentE. Howe House

Robbins HouseM. Hutchins HouseC.W. Nourse HouseC.F. Davis houseca. 1910 four square

1. O'Connell rental house1. O' Connell rental house

Manning HouseL.L. Walker HouseL.L. Wa1ker HouseManning HouseHowe/Corbin factoryKelleher Field

William Gates HouseEphraim Barber HouseBrownlMaynard HousePumping Station, Marlborough Waterworks


M.P. Rogers HouseWood-Willard BuildingHall, Sandiford & Watson Machine ShopE. C. Whitney HouseFitchburg R.R. Freight HouseFitchburg R.R. DepotFrye BuildingCommonwealth Armory

Marlborough Wire GoodsMorse & Bigelow StoreMorse & Bigelow storehouseWilliam Howe HouseSaint Ann's RectorySaint Ann's Church

C.O.F. BuildingMarshalllBeaudreau BlockJPine Acres


MHC/MapNumber

*72*63

Lincoln Street, cant.610/612 (109 Lakeside Ave.)643

Edward Holyoke HouseCapt. William Holyoke House

Longlev StreetStreet #' s 7 - 17 mentioned in Area C - West Village: though no individual forms for these properties were written.

61261361.:1-615

11491150115152911525281153*112(demol.)*113*50 (NR)*911*912*80¥j27*128*64*49 (NR)*129 (NR)*108*1Oc;*105* 130*<31*132*133*120*901*906*13.:1-*99208*65 (demol.)*900

Maddox Road14192227

Main Street1012/1428A27303336/38515774

Engine House (?)Wood/Woodward House

Thayer TavernHollis Loring HouseJohn Cotting. Jr. HouseUnion CommonJohn Brown BellCentral Fire and Police StationFeeleylPastille BuildingSher BuildingMarlborough City HallTemple BuildingWarren BlockBrigham & Eager BuildingCorey BuildingPeople's National Bank IIPeople's National Bank I

121126/136140149155173 (169)178-194179-181185-187195-205200/202223/225255

First National BankRice BuildingMarlborough High School;'The Doughboy"Town Common/Site of First Meeting HouseAddison BlockMiddleton BuildingPastimes TheatrelMarlborough Boys' ClubGrand Anny BuildingMonument Square - Soldiers Monument

262-268276277275-279

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. DRAFT: 8/31/95


Lincoln Street, cont.338 576339 582340 590*72 610/612 (109 Lakeside Ave.)*63 643

Maddox Road612 14613 19614 22615 27

11491150115152911525281153*112*113*50 (NR)*911*912*80*127*128*64*49 (NR)*129 (NR)*108*106*105*130*131*132*133*120*901*906*134*99208*65(demol.)

Main Street1012/1428A27303336/38515774

121126/136140149155173 (169)178-194179-181185-187195-205200/202223/225255

262-268276277275-279

Edward Holyoke HouseCapt. William Holyoke House

Engine House(?)Wood/Woodward House

Thayer TavernHollis Loring HouseJohn Catting, Jr. HouseUnion CommonJohn Brown BellCentral Fire and Police StationFeeleylPastille BuildingSher BuildingMarlborough City HallTemple BuildingWarren BlockBrigham & Eager BuildingCorey BuildingPeople's National Bank IIPeople's National Bank I

First National BankRice BuildingMarlborough High School"The Doughboy"Town Common/site of First Meeting HouseAddison BlockMiddleton BuildingPastimes Theater/Marlborough Boys' ClubGrand Army Building


MHC/MapNumber

11481147114611451144114311421141*9211381137689690691692*181693*2112711281129925

Maple Street13223031373842456376/7885104130142164175176200350406410

Moore HouseE.P. Dart House

Draper/Boyd/Morse HouseGeorge Morse House

Boyd/Bennett HouseWhitcomb/Greenwood HouseMurphy HouseH & C Greenwood HouseWright/Page HouseDennison Manufacturing Co.

Maple Terrace1162 1 William O'Connell House

Maplewood Avenue749 15750 19 Wright House751 22752 24753 40754 44755 67756 122

Martin Street308 14/16*910 Stevens/Howe Playground

McEnelly Street"109 20 George Brigham House485 29

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCffiTECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Coot. DRAFT: 8/31/95


McIntyre Court575 6576 12577 16

*135*155*105245*70*156*71246*157778779780781782783784785786787788

Mechanic Street7/93240475357140/142150153176183184200201209230244269294303

Marlborough Savings BankOld Post OfficeCoolidge HouseO.W. Albee House

Loren Arnold HouseDoyle House

Stanley HouseHartnett House

Toohy HouseBarlow HouseFrye leather factory

Middle Street523 13

Midland Street670 9

Mill Street1130 91131 151132 168

*916*1241*917*918

MiIIham ReservoirMarlborough Water Works Station #2Millham Brook damMillham Brook channel

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Coot. DRAFT: 8/31/95


Monroe Avenue1025 11024 3

354355356357358359

424423422421420419418417416415414413

*177406*405*404*403402401400

Monument Avenue9

Mount Pleasant Street32384043 (45)5182

Mountain Avenue6

Neil Street1422272832425967758195101

Newton Street3947485258576265

Henry Eager HouseNahum Witherbee HouseJoel Gleason HouseClark HouseHiram Fay HouseWilliam A. Alley HouseE.F. Johnson HouseSmith/Brigham House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cout. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

399*176398397*175396*174*173*172*171395*170*169394393392

Newton Street, cont.68748082/848588/909798101105106111114120125126

A.e. Weeks HouseW.H. Onthank HouseH.D. Barker HouseJ. Frank Childs HouseG.H. Whitney House

HowelBond HouseCaniel F. O'Connell HouseDerby/W.W. Witherbee HouseDavenportlBoynton HouseHerbert Wright HouseM.J. McCarthy HouseCharles Farrell HouseH.e. Curtis HouseCharles Robinson HouseF.e. Curtis House

North Robin Hill Road (Lynch Boulevard)*803 Robin Hill Cemetery

Northborough Road*91 31 FeltolllBrown/Dunton House1238 61 Fairbanks House*24 139 Gershom Rice II House

Norwood Street251 16250 19249 40248 45247 49

Orchard Street366 18 F. Kelleher House367 22 J. Giblin House*88 Brigham (Bigelow) School

Park Street387 34 George Taylor House386 51 Emerson Gibson House



Paris Street-.-.-. 11-)-)-)

332 18331 23

Pearl Street707 15708 23709 29710 35711 38712 42713 53

Pleasant CourtMentioned in Historical Narrative section of Area C - West Village - no specific properties cited.

Pleasant Street222 5*154 20*153 22*152 28*151 32*150 40*149 41*148 46*147 47*146 52*262 53-57*261 60*53 64*74 86*79*117*75 117260 121*143 126259 154*87705 182*642 187706 190695 200*643 at 207*644 at 207696 207697 208698 208A699 222

Cutting Housew.P. Brigham HouseO.H. Stevens HouseWilliam Morse HouseUnitarian ParsonageE.!. Morse HouseWilliam Dadmun HouseE.I. Sawyer House

John Clisbee HouseWest Meeting House/West ChurchFire Station #2Howe/Corbin Shoe FactoryDr. John Baker HouseF.A. Howe HouseJohn Holyoke HouseLewis T. Frye HouseMitchell School

Davenport HouseFrye outbuildingFrye outbuildingHowelFrye House/Convent of St. CatherineGeorge Russell HouseHowelWheeler HouseRussell Frye House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Couto 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

700701*122*1231253125412557647651256125712581259*8011260*43127412751276127712781279128012811282

Pleasant Street, cant.223234235241250268274275281282287294298

Hazelton HouseRobert Frye HouseL.A!L.P. Howe HouseFryelLawrence houseS.c. Fay House

300343374378380462515525556716760

Ozias Huntington HouseE.E. Hutchins HouseDavid Brown House

Plymouth Street664 71665 79

Preston Street758 13759 19760 21761 24762 88763 102

*98*183*184-4681021

Immaculate Conception ChurchJames McDonald HouseDr. James Campbell HouseJ. Gleason HouseClisbee/Gordon House



Prospect Street, cont.1022 821023 851026 931028 1031029 1141030 1201031 1321032 1361033 146

Rawlins Avenue

209

Red Spring Road12841285 131286 251287 331288 35

Reservoir Street*914

Pope HouseHollis Tayntor HouseGeorge Cate HouseMichael Dee House

474475476*477478*479

Rice Street172366727376

Hurley HouseHurley House

Ringold Street381 53382 57

River Street1133 54


MHC/MapNumber

124112421243124412451246124712481249

Robin Hill Road192at 192217356402407419438at 438

Cook( e) HousebarnDalyrymple/Waugh HouseBigelow farmhouseDrinkwater Hall, Hillside School

barn/gymnasium, Hillside SchoolBigelow farmhousebarn

Roosevelt Street737 60

Rvan Court513 1

574*89

679680681682683684685686687688

104210431044104510461047

Sawin Street26

Shawmut Avenue2022245762122126138158172

Short Street313234354349

Flanagan HouseDrummy HouseCallahan House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC. ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, cont. 8/31/95

MHClMapNumber Street Address Historic Name

South Street3M 26 1. Collins House343 ..,..,

-)-)

361 45 1. White House360 46/48 1. Donahan House*160 62 Thomas Gately House1178 122 . South Street School (7)1177 131 "The Arcade"1179 1601176 250 McCarthy House1175 251 O. McGee House1174 259 T. McGee House1173 2621172 279 A. Brigham House1171 2801170 320 Uriah/John G. Brigham House926 Piave Monument

Spoon Hill Avenue"'12 33 Stowe House

Spring Street739 83740 85741 89742 93743 101744 105745 109746 III747 113*25 Asa Brigham Tavern

Spring Hill Avenue525 7524 9

Spruce Street442 1 1. 0' Connell rental house443 3 1. 0' Connell rental house444 4 J. O'Connell rental house

Stacv Road~092 77



State Street1064 181065 421066 541067 671068 721069 731070 75

Stevens Street*199 3/5543 4/6*196 10*197 16*85 17*198 24*809*5 (demol.)1062 108

Stow Road1093 141094 21095 541096 581097 79*7 1971291 3371292*636 547*637 at 547*9 689*6 (60) 726

Sumner Street310 17309 42

Tremont Street1050 131049 141048 80

o.P. Walker HouseBrigham duplexBrigham HouseThankful Stowe HouseJohn Chipman HouseL. P. Whitney HouseChipman/Rocklawn CemeteryAaron Stevens House

Moriarty HouseUriah Eager House

garageSamuel Hunting HousebarnPerry HouseJosiah Howe House

J. O'Brien HouseSt. Louis Housee.G. Watson House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, coot. 8/31/95

MHC/MapNumber

10611060*18 (40)*646

Union Street4269115157

Howe HouseJoseph Howe II1William Howe HouseNurses' Home, Marlborough Hospital

456457

Vallev Street4852

Versailles StreetMentioned in Historical Narrative section of Area D - French Hill - no specific properties cited,

Vine Street567 11568 22569 26

Walnut Avenue*202 7

Warren Avenue611 14/16610 24*207 56608 75607 79606 83605 87604 93603 97602 103601 117600 134

Washington Court*l91 11*190 17*189 25

Washington Street*86 15492 33*491 43*490 45

Immaculate Conception ConventIC Parish HouselRectoryImmaculate Conception School

Washington Street (Freeman) SchoolD, Brady House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL. AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95


10611060*18 (40)*646

456457

567568569

611610*207608607606605604603602601600

*191*190*189

*86492*491*490

Union Street4269115157

Howe HouseJoseph Howe II/William Howe HouseNurses' Home, Marlborough Hospital

Valley Street4852

Vine Street112226

Walnut Street7

Warren Avenue14/162456757983879397103117134

Washington Court111725

Immaculate Conception ConventIC Parish House!RectoryImmaculate Conception School

Washington Street15334345

Washington Street (Freeman) SchoolD. Brady House


MHC/MapNumber

489488487486484483482481

375*161369368

Washington Street, cont.51586569708492110

c.A. Warren HouseJ. Allen HouseS. Smith HouseG. Flynn HouseG. Flynn HouseMulligan House

Water Street26355561

Water Terrace274 9

West Street1180 151181 28

West Hill Road1273 101272 221271 321270 41

210211*84212*136213*137214215*138216217218

West Main Street32383542495057636465-697274/7675

E.A. Bradley HouseA. Walker HouseMarlborough Public LibraryW. Walker HouseJohn Stone HouseW. Walker HousePhelps (?)/Swift House

Walker double-houseAlden (?)/Phelps HoueWalker double-houseWhitney double-house


MHC/MapNumber

219220*139221223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238*140239240241242243244*8061204120512061207120812091210121112121213

West Main Street, cant.7880858697 (95)99100103110111112113115120123146148/150154155159167174184 (186)187190201208

Carley HouseChristian Science ChurchE.S. Hallet House

J.e. Rock HouseRivers House

218224225230231234235238259261

H. Howe HouseVigeant House

Westernview Road1290 48



9271195119611971198120112021203

12231224

263264266267

*281*280*279*278*277*276*275*274*273*272*271*270*269

3486154250291293615

bronze and stone markerc.c. Hyde House

Taylor/Stevens HouseWhitcomb/Stevens FarmI. Dickerman Farm

Winter Street6270

Winthrop Street14435165

Witherbee Street19252829353940434450515960

G. Fl.etcher HouseL.E. Fletcher HouseL.c. Holden HouseMrs. C. Phelps HoueJohn Fay HouseThomas Boggs HouseSidney Brigham HouseHarriet Brown HouseElbridge Howe HouseReuben Dole House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES POTENTIALLY ELIGffiLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95

NOTE: Only thirteen historic resources in Marlborough are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in eightnomination forms--for the Wachusett Aqueduct District, the Water Supply System of Metropolitan Boston (includinga separate nomination for the Marlborough Brook Filter Beds), the John Cotting House, the Goodale Homestead (inboth Hudson and Marlborough), the Peter Rice House, the Temple Building, and the Warren Block. Many moreproperties are eligible for listing, either individually or as part of a district.

1. Potential National Register DistrictsNOTE: Documentary and contextual information on these potential districts is to be found, in some cases, on individualinventory forms, and in others, on large area forms. Some potential districts represent only a portion of the totalproperties included on an area form; others overlap the boundaries between two or more areas. In the latter case,information from more than one area form could be combined to form the basis for a district nomination.

BOSTON POST ROAD: Wayside area: a small district based both on architectural and developmentalsignificance, as well as the involvement of Henry Ford in the creation of an early-twentieth-century "historic"village.

EAST MAIN/MIDDLESEX SQUARE: Intersection of Lincoln/Stevens/E. Main from ca. 135 through 167E. Main. Includes lower Stevens St. to #24 and the Chipman Cemetery, and 7 Walnut Street.

FARM ROAD: from #29 through 458, possibly extending thematically to #580.

FAIRMOUNT HILL: Fairmount Street through #64, Newton Street from #39 to end.

HILLSIDE SCHOOL: 192 through 438 Robin Hill Road.

MAIN STREET, from #51 (the Thayer Tavern) through Bates Avenue, with short sections of side streets:Bolton to #36, 37 High Street, Prospect through #27, Rawlins Street (White City Diner), east side ofWashington Court, Washington Street from Immaculate Conception School to Prospect,

MONUMENT SQUARE/LOWER MECHANIC STREEf: Monument Square to Lincoln Street, includingthe Commonwealth Armory on Lincoln Street.

PLEASANT STREET: first block, through #64; possibly including the West Church andthe Morse & Bigelow Store on Lincoln Street.

PLEASANT STREET: Fire Station #2 through #126 Pleasant, including the Frye Boot Co.

PLEASANT AND ELM STREETS: Pleasant Street near the intersection of Elm, including the MitchellSchool, L.A.fL.P. Howe House, and 68 Elm Street. Might be extended south to Fire Station #2 combine withthe previous district.

UPPER PLEASANT STREET: Pleasant Street from the Walter Frye House (187 Pleasant) through 235, (theL.P. Howe House). Might be combined with the district above.

ST. MARY'S area: St. Anne's Academy, St. Mary's Rectory, St. Mary's Church; possiblyincluding #225 West Main Street.

WEST MAIN STREET: from #32 through 123, including some sections of associatedside streets: Winthrop to Witherbee, most of Witherbee.

1

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORlC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORlC PLACES

8/25/95

2. Properties individually eligibleBased on the information gathered in the two phases ofthe survey of 1993-95, in the consultant's opinion, thefollowing properties are likely to qualify individually for National Register designation because of theirimportance to the community, region, or country, and for their well-preserved architecture.

MHClMap # Street address Historic name

11ASH STREET19 Solomon Barnes House

BATES AVENUE81 First Baptist Church

BEACH STREET807808

Immaculate Conception CemeteryS1, Mary's Cemetery

909BELMONT STREET EXTENSION

Sligo Hill Water Tank

4BERLIN ROAD615 Sylvanus/Eber Howe House

3839

BIGELOW STREET340551

Abraham Howe HouseBenjamin Howe House

73BOLTON STREET370 Joseph Howe House

1415

BOSTON POST ROAD929982

William Hager HouseAmos/Jonas Darling House

34 (45)BRIGHAM STREET303 Samuel Brigham, II House

141BROAD STREET9 Rev. Horatio Alger, Sr. House

2

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL. AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES EUGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

2. Properties individually eligible,. cont.

MHC/Map # Street address Historic name

22BROADMEADOW ROAD506 NewtonlDadmun Homestead

BROWN STREET800

CENTRAL STREET805

116CHESTNUT STREET84

5655

CONCORD ROAD5401126

21EAGER COURT45

195EAST MAIN STREET83

6957

ELM STREET159475

5859

FARM ROAD180418

164166167168

FAIRMOUNT STREET37495064

44FOWLER STREET29

Spring Hill Cemetery

Old Common Cemetery

Frye Boot Co.

John Howe, Jr/William Weeks HouseJohn Weeks House

Eager House

Samuel Chipman House

Samuel Howe HouseJacob and Thomas Rice House

William and John Harrington HouseJoseph and William Morse House

Caleb Witherbee HouseS.N. Aldrich HouseThomas Hurley HouseWilliam A. Onthank House

John Howe House

3

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES EliGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES


MHC/Map # Street addressGLEN STREET228650,651

51HEMENWAY STREET768

83HILDRETH STREET27

205 153

52HOSMER STREET616

18278

HOWE STREET37173

144LINCOLN STREET419

MAIN STREET9111121138064105120

5157

140179-181

92181

MAPLE STREET63175

10570

MECHANIC STREET4053

171170

NEWTON STREET105111

Historic name

B. Brigham House and bam

Supply and John Weeks House

Rev. Sylvester Bucklin HouselMarlborough HospitalHildreth(?)/Robinson House

Uriah Maynard House

Rice & Hutchins Shoe FactoryHezekiah Maynard House

Morse & Bigelow store

Union CommonThayer TavernLoring/Curtis HouseCentral Fire StationMarlborough City HallPeoples National Bank, IIMarlborough High School

FarwelllO'Connell HouseDennison Manufacturing Co.

Post OfficeO.W. Albee House

William N. Davenport HouseMichael J. McCarthy House

4

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCIDTECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

2. Properties individually eligible,. cant.

MHC/Map # Street address Historic name

803NORTH ROBIN HILL ROAD (LYNCH BOULEVARD)

Robin Hill Cemetery

9124

NORTHBOROUGH ROAD31139

1501481475379122801

PLEASANT STREET40464764

235

183184

PROSPECT STREET2327

12SPOONHILL AVENUE33

19985809

STEVENS STREET3/517

60STOW ROAD726

SUDBURY STREET

802

18UNION STREET115

Felton/Brown/Dunton HouseGershom Rice, II Homestead

William Morse HouseE.I. Morse HouseWilliam Dadmun HouseJohn Clisbee HouseFire Station #2L.A!L.P. Howe HouseMaplewood Cemetery

McDonald HouseCampbell House

Stow House

O'P. Walker HouseJohn Chipman HouseChipman and Rocklawn Cemeteries

Josiah Howe House

Weeks Cemetery

Joseph Howe, II/William Howe House

5

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES EUGffiLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES


MHC/Map # Historic nameStreet address

161WATER STREET35 Philip Byrne House

84137806

WEST MAIN STREET3565/69

Marlborough Public LibraryStephen Phelps HouseBrigham Cemetery

WILSON STREET804 Wilson Cemetery

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register District.

902BATES AVENUEThe Volunteer

504193192

BOLTON STREET28 (30)3673

Congregational ParsonageRandalllPhelps House

124-126BOSTON POST ROAD (East)1015 Parmenter/Garfield Store complex

9515996

BROAD STREET2026

St. Anne's AcademySt. Mary's RectoryS1. Mary's Church

CENTRAL STREET185 Sts. Anargyroi Church

47COOK LANE407 Silas Temple House

6

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

MHClMap#

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district,. cont,

542200544545560546559557201556558

132

1122112011191346639641111311121111

162163165

194

119; 186-18718810282

Street address

EAST MAIN STREET135138140148151156157160165166167

ELM STREET68

FARM ROAD2992104218327386458523540580

FAIRMOUNT STREET253438

HIGH STREET37

LINCOLN STREET293-301305/307342350

Historic name

Nourse HouseFelton HouseWhitneylDadmunIHolyoke HouseMortimer HouseBowen HouseDavis House

Davis Housec.i, Bliss HouseDavis House

Horn HouseTemple HouseTemple(?) HouseFrancis Barnard homesteadJohn and Gershom Bigelow HomesteadMorse/Arnold HouseWilliam Morse HouseWilliams HouseAdonijah Newton HouseJoseph Arnold House

Joseph Cosgrove HouseBrigham/Davenport HouseFrederick Smith House

Union Church

Wood/Willard factory complexFitchburg Railroad freighthouseFrye BuildingCommonwealth Armory

7

8125/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8125/95

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district., cont.

MHC/Map #

91212712810613013113213313499901906

135155

245

156

900

169-177,.392-405

146-154; 261-262747526014325987642695643,644696697

Street address

MAIN STREET

121126-131186187195-205200-202223-225262-268276

MECHANIC STREET7/93241475457

MONUMENT SQUARE

Historic name

John Brown BellFeeleylPastille BuildingSher BuildingCorey BuildingPeople's National Bank, I

First National BankRice BlockAddison BlockMiddleton BuildingThe DoughboyTown Common

Marlborough Savings Bank

Coolidge House

Soldiers' Monument

NEWTON STREETentire street, from 39-125, (with the exception of 94 Newton)

PLEASANT STREET20-6086117121126154

187200207207208

(first block-see Area Form L)West Church (West Meetinghouse)Dr. John Baker HouseF.A. Howe HouseRice/Holyoke HouseLewis Frye HouweMitchell SchoolWalter Frye HouseW.N. Davenport HouseFrye outbuildingsHowe/Frye House/Convent of St. ChretienneGeorge Russell House

8

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES EUGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district. cant.

MHC/Map #

698699700701

98

209

1241, 1242124312441245124612471248, 1249

543196197198

202

191190189

86

Street address

PLEASANT STREET, cont.208A222223234

PROSPECT STREET

RAWLINS AVENUE

ROBIN HILL ROAD192217356402407419438

STEVENS STREET4/6101624

WALNUT STREET7

WASHINGTON COURT111725

WASHINGTON STREET16105-116

Historic name

Howe/Wheeler HouseRussell Frye HouseHerbert Hazelton HouseRobert Frye House

Immaculate Conception Church

White City Diner

Cook farmhouse and outbuildingsDalyrymplelWaugh HouseBigelow farmhouseDrinkwater Hall, Hillside School

barn/gymnasiumBigelow farmhouse and bam

Brigham duplexBrigham HouseThankful Stowe HouseWhitneyIHall House

Thomas Jackson House

Immaculate Conception ConventImmaculate Conception RectoryImmaculate Conception School

Washington Street School

9

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:RESOURCES ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district. cont.

MBClMap# Street address Historic name

WEST MAIN STREET136-139;210-233 32-123

WINTHROP STREET263+ 14-24

WITHERBEE STREET269-281 19-60

10

8/25/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES:

NARRATIVE HISTORY September 15, 1994Revised June 1, 1995

Yonder on that hill is Marlborough, a town which in autumn, at least when I visitedit, wears a rich appearance of rustic plenty and comfort--ample farms, good houses,profuse apple heaps, pumpkin mountains in every enclosure, orchards leftungathered, and in the Grecian piazzas of the houses, squashes ripening between thecolumns.

-- Henry David Thoreau, quoted in Ella Bigelow, Historical Reminiscencesof the Early Times in Marlborough, Massachusetts. 1910.

INTRODucnONThe city of Marlborough, incorporated as a town in 1660, has a long and varied history, from theperiod when its hospitable terrain of rolling hills and clear streams supported native activity,through over 150 years as an agricultural community, another century as one of the shoe-manufacturing capitals of New England, and on into a late-twentieth-century identity as adiversified residential, high-technology, and business city. The Survey of Historic, Architectural,and Cultural Resources, through its comprehensive examination of the buildings, structures,landscapes and objects remaining from all historical periods, is a vital tool in forming anunderstanding of how the community has developed. (Specific rsources documented on the surveyhave been given an identification number by the Massachusetts Historical Commission. In thishistory those numbers follow the name of a property.)

POLITICAL BOUNDARIESMarlborough is situated twenty-eight miles west of Boston and sixteen miles east of Worcester, atthe western border of Middlesex County. It is a six mile long east-west rectangle, bounded todayon the north by Berlin and Hudson, on the east by Sudbury and Framingham, south bySouthborough, and on the west by Northborough. Its territory was included in the 1638 Sudburygrant, from which a section was set off for an "Indian Praying Town" in 1654. In 1656 the Englishgovernment issued a grant for a new plantation of "Whipsufferadge" here at the western frontierof the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and in 1660 the plantation was incorporated as the town ofMarlborough. In 1700 some former Indian lands were annexed, but from that time on the size ofMarlborough was repeatedly reduced by the formation of new towns-Westborough (1717),Southborough (1727), Berlin (1784), and Hudson (1866).

TOPOGRAPHYThroughout its history, Marlborough has been noted for the beauty of its rolling terrain and itshospitable topography, which is characterized by an abundance of hilly, glacially-formed uplands.The landscape is dominated by twelve hills over 400-feet high, the tallest of which is Sligo Hill, at590 feet. One, Ockoocangansett, just north of the center of town, was the seventeenth-century siteof the ca. 20o-acre Indian "planting field". The soil ranges from rocky to gravelly, and the

1

vegetation is largely deciduous, interspersed with some stands of coniferous trees. Marlboroughhas a highland watershed, with only one natural lake, Lake Williams, and several small ponds andminor brooks and streams. Although a short section of the Assabet River bisects the northwestborder on its way to Hudson, (once part of Marlborough), the community that is today the city ofMarlborough developed without the advantage of water power from any major rivers. Areas ofupland bog and swamp occupy the rocky eastern third of the community, and large wetlands existin the southern part, a portion of which may be a remnant of the original cedar swamp so desirableto the early settlers. The southeastern-most wetlands, which supply the Sudbury Reservoir, arenow part of the Boston water supply system. The south and east sections drain into the SudburyRiver; the north and west into the Assabet.

CONTACT PERIOD (1500-1620)The fertile upland soil and the wetlands and streams of Marlborough supported native Americanactivity long before the European settlers arrived. The area was peopled by inland Nipmuc groups,and others passed through on their seasonal migrations. Indians could canoe from as far up as the"narrows" of Fort Meadow Brook down to the Assabet, and thence to the Sudbury, the Concord,and ultimately via the Merrimack River to the Atlantic. Along the way, their principle objectivewould have been Wamesit (Lowell) near the confluence of the Concord and the Merrimack.

Marlborough is sited at the edge of the interior highland along an axis of western Indian trails.The most important was the major native regional route, the Connecticut Path, which passedeast/west through what later became the center of town roughly along the line of today's BostonPost Road/Route 20. Secondary native routes are conjectured to have gone northeast alongConcord Road and possibly Hemenway Street, and in the southeast section along Farm Road toBroadmeadow, with a possible branch down Parmenter Road. It is also likely that a trail thatskirted the base of Ockoocanganset Hill turned north toward the Assabet along the line of PleasantStreet, with branches up West Hill, Berlin, and Bigelow Streets.

Settlement Pattern/Archaeological ResourcesSeveral native sites have been identified in Marlborough, including an early one overlooking FlaggSwamp in the northwest section of town. Summer camps were situated near Causeway Street atthe Hudson border, and on Mount Ward in the east part of the city. Unspecified sites were alsolocated on Ockoocanganset Hill, and adjacent to Fort Meadow Reservoir. Other likely locationsinclude the terraces and knolls at the northwest corner of town overlooking the Assabet River, theshores of Lake Williams, and at what may be native rock shelters along Flagg, Millham, and otherbrooks. An Indian burial ground (Form 810) is located in the southwest part of town, and twoothers have been identified at Bolton and Union Streets and in the HighlandlUnion Street area.

Subsistence PatternThe diverse upland terrain throughout Marlborough supported hunting and gathering activities, andthere would have been abundant fishing in its ponds and streams, with seasonal runs in the Assabetof shad, herring, and salmon. The local Indians took advantage of the good agricultural soils,establishing cornfields and orchards here by the first half of the seventeenth century.

2

FIRST SETTLEMENT PERIOD (1620-1675)Today's Marlborough was originally included in the 1638 Sudbury grant to a group of Englishcolonists. Sudbury's territory was enlarged several times, including, in 1656, by the addition of aca. six-mile-square plantation to its southwest first named "Whipsufferadge" ("Whipsuppenickelt),

and later called Marlborough Plantation. A provision of the granting of the plantation requiredthat it be settled by at least twenty English families within three years' time. Reserved out of thenew area, however, were the 200-acre "Indian Planting Field", and a ca. 6400-acre tract that hadbeen designated as an Indian "Praying Town" called Ockoocangansett, under the Rev. John Eliot,one of seven he established. Another 842 acres of the plantation had been granted to JohnAlcock(e) in 1655, and the "Alcocke Farm" remained an independent area through several decadesof Marlborough's early settlement.

Situated here on the western frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Whippsufferadge soonbecame an intermediate post between Boston and the Connecticut River settlements to the west.A fort was even established here sometime before 1675.

Transportation routes through the new territory at first followed the existing native trails, and theBay Colony undertook the improvement of the section of the Connecticut Path that led to theMarlborough Plantation.

Population and Settlement. Fewer than fifty families from branches of the Natick and Wamesittribes settled at Eliot's 1654 Praying Town, which was located in the northeast quadrant of present-day Marlborough. The first Englishman to move here is believed to have been John Howe, whoarrived early in 1658. The rest of the first group of settlers to come from Sudbury, numbering 15to 20 familes, began to arrive by the next year. In 1660, the Marlborough Plantation wasincorporated as the town of Marlborough, with 38 house-lots granted to its proprietors. The firsteleven houses were arranged in a small nucleated settlement flanking the Connecticut Path betweenOckoocangansett and Fairmount Hills. Among the first orders of business in the new town werethe building of a meetinghouse, which was constructed by 1662-63 at the southwest comer of theIndian Planting Field, apparently because that location, as was required in the siting ofmeetinghouses, was the geographical center of the town. The Rev. William Brinsmead(Brimsmead) was chosen as the town minister, and shortly thereafter, possibly during the first year,approximately two acres of land on Spring Hill were designated as a burial ground. Over the nextfifteen years the settlement became more dispersed, with settlers establishing outlying farms andmills at locations some distance from the center where the soil was good or water power from thestreams could be utilized. Partly because of legal restrictions placed on any new settlers, initialpopulation growth was slow. By 1670 there were about forty English families here, numberingabout 210 people. Five years later, however, during King Philip's War, most of the settlers leftMarlborough, some never to return.

Small outlying communities were the most vulnerable during this two-year conflict, andMarlborough, like other towns near the frontier, experienced the violence of King Philip's Warfirst-hand. Eight or ten houses were designated as "garrisons" to which the English residents couldflee during an attack, and, as a precaution, the Indian residents of the town were rounded up andsent to Deer Island in Boston harbor. Marlborough became a depot for war provisions andmunitions, and a regional base for the colonial operations against the Indians, especially for the

3

campaigns to Lancaster and Sudbury. Indian "depredations" were reported in the town, and severalMarlborough men were killed in area battles and skirmishes. In August of 1675 the town ofBrookfield was destroyed, leaving Marlborough as the westernmost settlement between Boston andthe Connecticut River. Capt. Edward Hutchinson, who had been shot in the famous ambush nearBrookfield, was brought to Marlborough, where he died of his wounds, and was interred in the firstmarked grave in the Spring Hill Cemetery (See Inventory Form 800). Then, on March 26, 1676,a band of Indians attacked the town, burning thirteen houses, eleven barns, and the meetinghouse.

Economic base.In the town's early years both its native and English economy were largely agriculturally-based; infact, the English government had chosen the site for the Marlborough plantation because of theagricultural and grazing potential of its uplands and meadows. The Colonists also engaged in sometrade with Indians of the region. As Marlborough was a primary transportation locus west ofSudbury, taverns were established here early. The first, John How's Tavern, opened on the PostRoad some time between 1661 and 1670.

ArchitectureMost of the first houses in Marlborough were undoubtedly small, and, if the meetinghouse is atypical example, had thatched roofs. However, the description of the house of the Rev. Brinsmead,and the residence of citizen John Ruddocke, on which it was modeled, meet the definition of a trueFirst Period "manor house". The minister's house was 26 by 18 feet long, four by two bays, withtwo facade gables, each with two small windows. It is not certain whether any buildings that mayhave survived the 1675 burning still remain, although, according to tradition, part of the JohnHow(e) House at 29 Fowler Street, (Form 44), may pre-date King Philip's War.

COLONIAL PERIOD (1676·1775)In the century between King Philip's War and the Revolution, Marlborough underwent a gradualevolution from a frontier town to a thriving regional center. It was heterogeneous both socially andeconomically, and developed into a community that, though still largely rural, encompassed bothyeoman farms and the stylish homes of the affluent gentry.

The early eighteenth century was a time of major losses and gains in territory for the town. In 1700the town acquired a large tract of land north of the Indian plantation which extended to the Stowborder. In 1716 another large parcel called "Agaganquamasset" was granted to Marlborough, in1717-18, John Alcocke's farm, by then called "the farm", was annexed, and in 1718-19 the 6,000-acreIndian plantation was officially added to the town. Some of Alcocke's land and nearly 14,000 acresin the western part of Marlborough were taken to form the new town of Westborough in 1717, (tobe divided later in the century into Westborough and Northborough.) In 1727 the town ofSouthborough was established, incorporating the territory in the southern part of Marlborough thathad been called "Stony Brook."

Transportation Routes.During this time, the main through-routes of the seventeenth century continued. The Boston PostRoad was still the primary axis through Marlborough center, and in 1772 the first stage coach on

4

the official stage route from Boston to New York passed through twon along it. The County Roadfrom Worcester to Concord ran along the Post Road, then turned northeast up Concord Road.Several roads were extended during the eighteenth century, including Berlin Road and Millham andElm Streets to the west, Williams and Forest Streets in the southwest, Bolton, Stevens, and HosmerStreets to the north, Stow and Concord Roads to the northeast, and Framingham Road andBrigham Street in the south part of town.

Population.Marlborough experienced a steady growth after the mass exodus during King Philip's War. By 1680there were again ca. 200 residents, and by 1700 the population was up to 530. A subsequentincrease, when the population reached 800 by 1720, was associated with the annexation of theIndian lands. The 1765 census recorded that the town had a population of 1,287 in 213 families,living in 183 houses. Waves of disease frequently took a heavy toll, however, as in 1775, when 78people in Marlborough died in an outbreak of dysentery.

Settlement.In the year of resettlement immediately after King Philip's War, at least 27 English familiesreturned to Marlborough. Some Indians returned from Boston, but most went to the western partof town, where they settled on the Thomas Brigham farm. The forfeiting of the prayingtown/plantation lands by the Indians in this period led the way to the eventual acquisition of thatproperty by the colonists, who by 1684 had illegally obtained a deed to the plantation, and laid outand divided lots upon it. In 1695, four men from Watertown purchased 350 acres of the formerAlcocke "farm" in the Farm Road area, and built several houses there. Because of the continuedthreat of frontier warfare, settlement of the town through the first part of the eighteenth centuryremained concentrated near the center. With the end of "Queen Anne's War" in 1713, however,the number of outlying farms began to increase. As early as 1720 there was actually a shortage ofland, which led to the settlement of new outlying communities, as parents looked beyond the townborders to provide farms and dowries for their children. Marlborough also became a way-stationfor settlers bound west to newly-established communities such as Grafton, Shrewsbury, Worcester,Rutland, and the re-established town of Brookfield.

Economic Base.By the later Colonial Period there were many farms operating in Marlborough. A few were verylarge; many were about thirty acres in size. Most raised cattle and grain, with apple orchards asan important secondary activity. Enough apples were grown to support a substantial export of ciderand brandy to markets outside the town. Industry during this period encompassed the usual localmixture of several mills (both grist and lumber), and tanning, cooperage, blacksmithing, and tool-making activities. By the latter part of the eighteenth century a small business district haddeveloped at the center village, which included a few wholesale/retail suppliers. At least twotaverns were operating on the Boston Post Road--How's east of the village, and Williams' to thewest, and another, the Asa Brigham Tavern, stood north of the section of the Old Connecticut Pathalong Elm Street that stage coaches followed before 1790.

ReligionlEduca tion.By 1740 the citizens of Marlborough were worshiping in their third meetinghouse (built 1688),under their fourth minister, the Rev. Aaron Smith. The first recorded town-built schoolhouse was

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erected in 1698-99. By the early eighteenth century the community was following the system of"moving" schools, in which the school was kept in different parts of town for designated periods oftime. By 1748, however, the town was divided into six school "squadrons", or societies, and by 1762a schoolhouse had been built in each one.

Militaty/Political.During the continuing conflicts between colonists and Indians subsequent to King Philip's War,Marlborough was still at risk of attack because of its remote location. In Queen Anne's War of1704-1713 the inhabitants were again assigned to garrison houses (to which they could flee in theevent of an attack), and several residents of Marlborough were actually captured or killed. Someof the most illustrious military leaders in this war came from Marlborough, of which the best-knownwas Capt. Thomas Howe, who led a force to Sterling.

Large numbers of men from Marlborough participated in the French and Indian Wars from 1722to 1763. They were involved in all the major campaigns, including the 1741 Spanish West Indiesexpedition to Cuba, the 1745 capture of Louisburg on Cape Breton, and the 1746 campaign toCharlestown, New Hampshire. In 1757 Marlborough had two large companies of militia and onealarm company, and two militia companies fought at the fall of Fort William Henry under localleaders Capt. Samuel Howe and Lt. Stephen Maynard.

From the 1760's to the start of the Revolution in 1775 there was growing resistance in Marlboroughto the policies of the English government. Among the local patriot leaders at that time were PeterBent, Edward Barnes, and George Brigham. In 1770 the town voted sanctions against one of itswealthiest residents, Henry Barnes, a trader of English goods and a staunch loyalist, and in 1775a group of angry townspeople marched on his house, where two British spies had stopped. Barnesleft town just prior to the start of the war, and his property was confiscated.

Archi tecture.A few known First Period houses built between 1676 and 1725 survive in Marlborough, most as 5-bay, 2 1/2-story buildings that have been expanded over the years. One of the best-preserved is thePeter Rice House, 377 Elm Street (Form 42; NR) of about 1700,which incorporates a smaller, earlyhouse. The first part of the John/Gershom Bigelow Homestead (Form 46) at 327 Farm Road maydate to the late 1690's, the Harrington House at 180 Farm Road (Form 58) is believed to date fromabout 1705, sections of the Stow Homestead at 33 Spoonhill Avenue (Form 12) date from at least1713 (Form 12), and #340 Bigelow Street, the Abraham Howe House (Form 38) was probably builtin 1720. The joseph Morse House at 418 Farm Road (Form 59), in which the original exposedframe is still visible, is an early "half-house"; the john Weeks House, possibly of ca. 1705 at 1126Concord Road (Form 55) is another of the same type. Upon the residents' return to Marlboroughafter King Philip's War a thatch-roofed meetinghouse was built to replace the one that was burned,but it was left unfinished. It was replaced by a larger one in 1688.

More houses remain from the Georgian or "second" period of Colonial architecture. Most of these,too, are 5-bay, 2 1I2-story, side-gabled houses. Some, like the William Gates House at 77 LakesideAvenue (Form 62), are two-story half-houses. 475 Elm Street, the jacob and Thomas Rice House(Form 57) was expanded at least twice, resulting in a "saltbox" profile with a rear leanto, and along, asymmetrical 7-bay facade. 982 Boston Post Road, the Amos/Jonas Darling House (Form 15),

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and the Francis Barnard Homestead at 218 Farm Road (Form 13) are rare examples inMarlborough of the Cape Cod cottage in its center-chimney, five-bay form, and the littleFelton/Brown/Dunton House of ca. 1738 at 31 Northborough Road (Form 91) is an even more raregambrel-roofed cottage.

As far as is known, no commercial or institutional structures survive from the Colonial Period inMarlborough. In the Spring Hill Cemetery and Marlborough's second burial ground, the OldCommon Cemetery (Form 805), established 1706, are many outstanding and well-preservedeighteenth-century slate gravestones, including early ones with flat geometric designs, and post-1750examples embellished with effigies, skulls, cherubs, etc.

FEDERAL PERIOD (1775-1830)As its citizens struggled to free themselves from British rule during the Revolution, andsubsequently to help form the foundations of a nation, Marlborough, like other communities,adjusted to new policies, ideas, beliefs, and a new-found freedom and independence. Newhardships were endured, as well, from the sorrows and deprivations of large-scale war to the severeeconomic conditions of the recession and restructuring that followed it. Finally, by 1830Marlborough found itself poised on the brink of the industrial age that was to transform the towninto a different type of community altogether.

After the Revolution, Marlborough's borders again underwent some changes. In 1784 part of thenorthwestern section of town was included in the new district of Berlin. In 1791 a small sectionof Framingham was annexed to Marlborough, but in 1807 part of Marlborough was annexed toNorthborough, and in 1829 another section became part of Bolton.

Transportation routes.The colonial highways remained during this period, with the Boston Post Road still the primarylong-distance route. The new Boston to Worcester Turnpike, however, bypassed Marlborough byfollowing a westerly course through Southborough. Two roads, Bolton Street as "the Road toBolton", and Elm, Union, lower Stevens Streets and Concord Road as "the Road from Marlboroughto Concord" became part of the county road system after the Revolution. By about 1800, Elm andUnion Streets were extended from west to east north of the center, and Mechanic and ProspectStreets were in existence as far as Elm and Union. A wide network of local roads through thefarming districts remained largely unchanged from 1800 to 1830. At the center, Pleasant Street wasextended south from Elm to West Main Street between ca. 1810 and 1815.

Population.Growth slowed during this period, beginning with the Revolutionary years, then continuing in the1780Js with a heavy drain to other towns, including Henniker and Marlborough, New Hampshire.In 1784 there was some loss to the new district of Berlin. In 1780 the town's population was ca.lA65, and only 1,635 in 1800, with only 40 more people by 1810. In 1820 the population was I

J952.

All slaves were officially freed in Massachusetts in the 1780JsJ and in 1810 Marlborough had onlytwo black citizens. Throughout the period there was no significant foreign-born population.

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Settlement Pattern.During this period two separate villages were developing at the center, one near the meetinghouseand adjacent common at the base of today's Prospect and Rawlins Streets, the other a third of amile to the east along the intersection of the Post Road and the road to Bolton. Around andbetween the center villages were the agricultural districts, still composed mainly of small tomedium-sized farms.

Economic Base.Economic growth stopped during the severe recession that followed the Revolution, and slowedagain during the embargo period associated with the War of 1812. Marlborough still had aprimarily agricultural economy, with land used mainly for general farming and grazing, but fruitgrowing, especially apples, continued as an important secondary activity. During the early part ofthe period, cider and brandy production, marketed in Boston, increased, and by 1812 there weretwo large distilleries in town. Toward the end of the period, however, with the growing influenceof the temperance movement, many orchards were converted to growing apples for "winter fruit"(eating), rather than for cider.

Over all, industrial activity expanded steadily but gradually during the Federal period. While othercommunities were beginning to develop larger mills at the start of the nineteenth century, thatpotential was limited here because of the general lack of water power. The village of Feltonvillethat had grown up along the Assabet in the north part of town, (today part of Hudson), however,was an exception, and there mill activity increased rapidly. By 1794, five grist mills were operatingin Marlborough--two in the north section of town that later became part of Hudson, HezekiahMaynard's on the South Brook, Gill's on Millham Brook, and Cotting's on Broad Meadow Brook.There were two saw mills, Hager's on Hop Brook at the east end of town, and Cogswell's on theAssabet at the north, where a fulling mill was also located. Simon Maynard was operating anothersaw mill by 1803 on Fort Meadow Brook off upper Hosmer Street, just over the border of today'sHudson.

Also by 1803 there were two tan yards in town, both run by members of the Brigham family--Aaronat Lake Williams, and Jedediah on East Main Street. There was a basket shop at the south onWalker Street, and three stores at the center. Home production of straw bonnets was a significantsource of income, especially for women, in the early nineteenth century, declining after 1830.Around 1815 the beginnings of a cottage industry in shoe-making were evident, with many residentssetting up small cobbler's shops at home. Another tavern/hotel, Thayer's Tavern, (Form 112)opened on the section of the Boston Post Road that is today's Main Street. In 1799 the post officewas established, located first in private houses, and later in the Thayer Tavern and nearby stores.

Military.The first years of the period were dominated by the town's involvement in the Revolution. OnApril 19, 1775, four Militia companies, (numbering 190 men--l/7 ofthe town population), marchedfrom Marlborough to Cambridge under Captains Cyprian Howe, William Brigham, Daniel Barnes,and Silas Gates. Some Marlborough men also saw action at Bunker Hill under two other localcommanders, Lt. Col. Jonathan Ward and Maj. Edward Barnes. Other campaigns in which soldiersfrom Marlborough were involved included White Plains, and the Rhode Island campaign.

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Religion/education.The Federal period in Marlborough was marked by considerable religious conflict, and by a growingdiversity within what was still a solidly protestant community. The first Methodist services inMarlborough were held about 1798 in Feltonville, in 1800 a Methodist Society was officially formed,and a Methodist Church was built in the northeast section of town in 1827-28. Before the periodwas over a Universalist Society had also been founded (1818), and a Universalist Church was builton Main Street in the East Village in the late 1820's.

From the standpoint of the community's development, however, by far the most important religiousevent of the period was the splitting of the old Congregational town church into two institutions.By the tum of the nineteenth century, when it became apparent that the 1688 meetinghouse neededto be replaced, the geographic center of town had shifted east from the old meetinghouse location,and measurements from the boundaries showed it was now centered at Spring Hill in the EastVillage. While town meeting voted to place the new meetinghouse there, a strong contingent ofresidents of the West Village fought to keep it at or near the old location. The ultimate result wasthe division of the town into two parishes, with a town-built church erected at Spring Hill, andanother, the 'West Church", built with private funds, on Pleasant Street. Both buildings openedfor worship on the same day in April, 1806, and the presence of each was a catalyst for thedevelopment of the area around it for the next several decades. Gradually, the West Churchmoved toward Unitarianism, while the other church, officially designated the Union Church in1835, continued as the town's "orthodox" Congregational institution (See Forms 194 and 74).

After the Revolution, Marlborough's educational system also underwent a transformation. In 1790,in accordance with an order by the General Court, the town established a district school system,beginning with seven district schools meeting fifteen weeks per year. By 1835 there were tendistricts. In 1826, a private academy was established, which erected a school building at the oldtown common in 1827. After some generous gifts by Silas and Abraham Gates, it was renamed theGates Academy.

Architecture.Building slowed during the years of the Revolution and the hard economic times that followed.Most of the few houses of the period known to have been built or enlarged prior to the 1790'scontinued the old Georgian forms, especially the 2-1I2-story, five-bay, side-gabled type. By the1790's, however, the old lobby-entrance, center-chimney house plan was being replaced by anarrangement of rooms flanking a central through-hallway. In a house that was two-rooms deep,this resulted in twin ridge chimneys, as in the massive Solomon Barnes House at 19 Ash Street(Form 11), which retains its pedimented, late Georgian doorway, Another excellent example is theSupply Weeks Homestead at 768 Hemenway Street (Form 55), which has a slightly later, trueFederal-style entry, with sidelights and an elliptical fanlight. In a house that was one-room deep,such as the Stephen Eager House at 45 Eager Court (Form 21), the twin chimneys were locatedat the rear. Some houses of the Federal period, such as the large Uriah Maynard House at 616Hosmer Street (Form 52), were built with shallow hipped roofs.

After the tum of the nineteenth century, scattered examples of several other Federal house-typesappeared. Several "brick-enders" were constructed, including a 1112-story gable-roofed cottage at275 Boston Post Road in west Marlborough (MHC #1239), the hip-roofed, one-room-deep house

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built by Samuel Howe in the 1820's, later moved to 159 Elm Street (Form 69), and its near-twin,the well-preserved Brigham House at 228 Glen Street (Form 650). A large gable-roofed, rear-chimney house with one brick end stands at 38 Maple Street (MHC #1143), and two older houseswere enlarged to two-rooms-deep, with one brick end and three chimneys, 200 East Main Street(Form 41) and 540 Concord Road (Form 56) in the the early 1800's. The largest of the two-storybrick-enders is the imposing Gershom Rice, II House at 139 Northborough Road (Form 24), a true"double-pile", hip-roofed house of 1803-04. One three-story Federal brick-ended house also exists--the Joab Stow House of ca. 1795, at 200 Concord Road (Form 8).

Marlborough once had several examples of the large five-bay late Federal-period house with front-facing gabled roof and two or four interior comer chimneys. Remaining today of this type are thebrick Thayer Tavern at 51 Main Street (Form 112), which may have been standing as early as 1800,and the Farwell/O'Connell House at 63 Maple Street of ca. 1825 (Form 92). (One of the best-known buildings in Marlborough, the Williams Tavern/Gates Hotel, rebuilt about 1815)[demolished], was of this type.)

Most vernacular buildings from this period have the somewhat shallow-pitched gabled roofs, high-shouldered proportions, and the 6-over-9- or, in later examples, 6-over-6-sash windows that wereuniversal throughout New England at this time. Somewhat altered examples from the 1810's stillexist across the street from each other at 117 Pleasant Street (Dr. John Baker House--Form 75,)and 126 Pleasant Street (Rice/Holyoke House--Form 143). The front part of the Sylvanus/EberHowe House at 615 Berlin Road (Form 4), built of brick in about 1824 at the transition of theFederal style to the Greek Revival, is Marlborough's only example of a two-story, one-room-deep"l-house", with a pair of chimneys integral to the end walls.

Between 1790 and 1803 several one-room schoolhouses were erected, each 24-feet square, andsome with a six-foot-square projecting lobby entrance, or "porch." None, however, is known tosurvive today.

EARLY INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (1830·1870)The forty-year period spanning the middle of the nineteenth century was one of extremely rapidgrowth in Marlborough, sparked by an explosion in industrial development, the shoe industry, inparticular. In spite of the lack of water power, new advancements in technology in both powergeneration and production machinery set the stage for large factories in Marlborough, as did thearrival of two railroads in the 1850's, and the ready availability of willing workers.

The annexation of part of Southborough in 1843 enlarged the town, but its size was later greatlyreduced in 1866,when the entire north section of Marlborough was incorporated into the new townof Hudson.

There was a hiatus in the town's development in the 1860's during the Civil War, in which 869 menfrom Marlborough served. The Soldiers' Monument at Monument Square (Form 900) was erectedshortly after the war was over, in 1869.

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Transportation Routes.The old turnpikes and highways remained from the early nineteenth century, with their mainintersections still at the center of town. Existing streets were improved and extended, andsecondary local roads multiplied, especially at the center, to access the new factories and toaccommodate nearby residential development. By the 1850's Chestnut Street, the first blocks ofLincoln Street, and the lower section of Broad Street had been built, and South Street, part of theold road to Southborough, had been extended north to West Main. In the third quarter of thecentury the east end of Lincoln Street, as Palfrey Street, was developed, Broad Street was extendedto Sligo Hill, and Mechanic was continued north of Elm. In that period residential side streetsproliferated at the center, as much of the farmland between and around the two villages wassubdivided for houselots.

Although Marlborough farmers could ship some produce via railroad as early as 1834 when theBoston & Worcester was built through Westborough, the major transportation change in this periodwas the coming of the railroads first to Feltonville (today the center of Hudson), then toMarlborough center in the 1850's. The Marlborough Branch of the Fitchburg Railroad,incorporated by Mark Fay and Richard Farwell, reached Feltonville in 1852, and was extended toMarlborough center at Prospect Street in 1855, the same year that the Agricultural Branch Railroadcame northwest from the Boston & Worcester in Framingham through Southborough and southMarlborough to end at the center just south of Main Street.

Population.Marlborough's population increased very rapidly after 1840, especially at Feltonville, which grewso large that it was set off as the separate town of Hudson in 1866. In about 1850, a large influxof foreign-born residents began, first with the Irish, followed just after the Civil War by FrenchCanadians. In less than twenty-five years, the town's population more than doubled, from 2,500in 1836 to 5,911 in 1860.

ReligionlEduca tion/intellectual.Both the Congregational and the Methodist churches burned down in 1852. Both religious groupsconstructed new buildings the next year, with a minority of the Methodist Society building theirsjust east of the center on what was to become Church Street. Roman Catholics were holdingservices in Marlborough as early as 1850. The Immaculate Conception parish was formed in 1864,but the first Immaculate Conception Church was built a decade earlier on Mount Pleasant Hill in1854-55. It was replaced by the present Immaculate Conception Church on Prospect Street in 1871(Form 98). A second Catholic parish, St. Mary's, was established in 1870, with its church buildingon Broad Street begun the same year (Form 96). After a period of inactivity, the Universalistsreorganized in 1865, and built a new academic Italianate church on Main Street. A Baptist Societywas formed in 1868, and in 1869 they acquired the former Town Hall, moved it to the north sideof Main Street, and remodeled it for their church.

In 1855 a state law was passed outlawing interments in family cemeteries, and fiveneighborhood/family cemeteries that had been in existence since the first quarter of the nineteenthcentury (and, in the case of the Wilson Cemetery [Form 804], since the eighteenth century), cameunder town ownership and management. Two of them, the Maplewood Cemetery on Pleasant

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Street and the Chipman (later Rocklawn) Cemetery on Stevens Street, were greatly enlarged in the1860's, and became the major publicly-owned replacements for the overcrowded Spring Hill andOld Common Cemeteries. (See Forms 801 and 809).

The Gates Academy had declined by the early 1830's, but was rejuvenated under Marlborough'sforemost educator, Obadiah W. Albee, in 1833. Education for everyone was advanced by theestablishment of a public high school in 1849, incorporating the former Gates Academy, and led,again, by O.W. Albee. By 1855 there were two large graded schoolhouses, one at the center, andanother at Feltonville, and soon the larger district schools were graded, as well. In 1860 the townbuilt a new mansard-roofed High School on the common.

This was an era when adult education and intellectual enhancement was widely valued. In 1853the Marlborough Mechanics Institute was organized to present lectures and establish a collectionof books for a private library. In 1870, when the public library was incorporated, the MechanicsInstitute donated its sizeable collection to it.

Settlement Pattern.The town's topography changed somewhat in 1849, when Fort Meadow Brook was dammed by thecity of Boston for a "capacious reservoir", eliminating the former "dismal swamp", (See Form 914).Density of development increased rapidly at the center, with high-style residences appearing on thelower sections of Pleasant and West Main Streets, and more modest houses, many put up in smallgroups by local entrepreneurs, spreading down the major cross streets of Lincoln and Chestnut, andon small streets opened between them. With the coming of the railroads and the subdivision ofthe large farm of Maj. Henry Rice, the East and West Villages gradually grew together to forma single town center. In the West Village, now often called the "West End", the Shenstone Societywas formed to beautify the new streets with trees, shrubs, and sidewalks.

In the late 1850's and 1860's, shoe-manufacturers Samuel Boyd and John O'Connell acquired largeacreages south of Main Street. Boyd and his associates laid out large house lots on Fairmount Hillfor a stylish neighborhood with both scenic views and ready access to the factories and businessesdowntown, while both he and John O'Connell developed lines of smaller, more affordable lots inthe Howe Street area as homes for their shoeworkers. (See Area Forms F and G). To a lesserdegree, Samuel Boyd's longtime partner, Thomas Corey, did the same on land near his estate inthe Church Street area. In 1855, Major Henry Rice had already laid out lots on his old family farmnorth of Main Street, between the East and West Villages. Well before his death in 1867 houseshad begun to fill lower Washington Street and the new Rice and Palfrey Streets (the first name ofeastern Lincoln Street). After he died, much of his real estate was bought by Samuel Boyd andothers, who subsequently developed Devens Street, linked the ends of Lincoln Street, and sold offmore lots to complete the joining of the two villages. (See Area Form H).

By 1861 there were 500 dwellings and 3,000 inhabitants in the center villages. Between 1849 and1853 two firehouses were built in the East and West Villages, and in 1869 the town built a largeVictorian Gothic town house on Main Street, which incorporated under its roof the post office,police station, court room and jail, library, armory, three stores, and a bank.

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Economic Base.Agriculture continued as an important base for the economy throughout the period, boosted byadvancements in farm implements and machinery, and, especially from the 1850's on, by therailroads, which opened up new major markets for agricultural products. For both reasons, theperiod saw a shift from general farming to more milk production and fruit raising. In 1845 thetown produced 31,772 bushels of apples for vinegar, and in 1855 there were 25,000 apple treesgrowing fruit for eating, and 50 acres in cranberry production. In the 1830's a brief experiment insilk-raising was conducted by John Clisbee on his farm at the west end of Lincoln Street, which foryears was called Mulberry Street after the trees he planted there for his silk worms.

The commercial base of the economy expanded too. In 1837 there were three hotels and fourstores at or near the center. In 1822 Lambert Bigelow founded the store that, as Morse & Bigelow,became known throughout the region, and was one of Marlborough's longest-running commercialenterprises. Two banks were founded in the 1860's--the Marlborough Savings Bank in 1860, andthe First National in 1863.

This was the period, however, when the main base of Marlborough's economy shifted to theindustrial sector, a fact that is all the more remarkable because, with the exception of the factoriesat Feltonville on the Assabet, all the town's enterprises developed without the aid of major waterpower. Prior to the 1830's, industry in Marlborough had consisted of a largely local mix ofshoemakers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, tanners, etc. In the 1830's there were two chair/cabinetmakers in town, and there was wide-spread straw-bonnet-making in the area, supported by cottage-industry straw braiding. Then, in 1835, Marlborough's shoe industry began when Joseph Boydstarted manufacturing shoes at his father's house at 85 Maple Street (MHC #1137). He wasjoined the next year by his brother Samuel, and in 1837 they opened the first shoe factory on MainStreet, subsequently expanded and relocated many times. In 1841 they took in their brother, John,who went into the business for himself in 1846. (It was John Boyd's 1842 invention of the shoe diewhich, along with other innovations, gave Marlborough an advantage over adjoining towns.) Otherswho were part of the first generation of shoe manufacturers in the late 1830's and '40's includedJohn Chipman, who began in 1836 and was later joined by his brother, Samuel; L & L Bigelow(began 1836, and sold out to William Dadmun in 1840); John Winslow Stevens (1838); CharlesDana Bigelow (1842); Josiah Howe (1845); and Freeman Morse of F.W. and G.H. Morse Co.(1846). In the 1850's the industry was boosted further by the introduction of shoemaking by teams,the 1852 adoption of the sewing machine in shoe production (by John Chipman), and, in 1858, theintroduction of steam power. The decade before the Civil War saw several more shoe companiesestablished, some of which went on to join the Boyds and their associates as the largest concernsof the end of the nineteenth century. Those with the largest and longest production were HenryRussell, who began in 1853 and soon merged with Abel Howe as Russell & Howe, John O'Connell,who began on Howe Street in 1854, S.H. Howe (1855), and in 1858, Timothy Coolidge and JohnE. Curtis. In the 1860's two more major manufacturers John A. Frye (1863) and Rice & Hutchins(1867) began production that lasted through the tum of the century. In 1845, 302,725 pairs ofshoes and 624 pairs of boots were produced in Marlborough. In 1860, 17 shoe factories wereoperating here, with over $1 million per year in production.

Along with the shoe industry, by the end of the 1860's a significant number of associated concerns,including machine shops, shoe-die and other manufacturing equipment makers, and shoe-box

13

manufacturers, such as E.F. Longley's Box Factory off Elm and Mechanic Streets, were establishedhere.

Other types of manufacturing not associated with the shoe industry included the quarrying ofbuilding stone, and the continuing production of lumber at the local sawmills. By 1855 there wasalso a harness and saddle shop, two tinware makers, and a sash-and-blind factory was operatingsouth of West Main. Sometime before 1840 John Clisbee began manufacturing church organs, abusiness that was continued by his son, George, until the end of the century. Businesses that grewup along the railroads included George Cate's lumber yard (established 1856), two planing mills,and Levi Taylor's carriage factory.

Archi tecture.The Early Industrial period produced a rich collection of architecture in Marlborough, and theprosperity of the first shoe manufacturers led to the building of some of the finest residences thatremain today. Several high-style, "temple-front" examples of the Greek Revival were built by HiramFay, Amory Maynard, and other builders from the late 1830's through the early 1850's. A clusterof three stands at the foot of Stevens Street, the most well-preserved of which is the John ChipmanHouse, built by Amory Maynard in about 1838 (Form 85). Both the tetrastyle John Cotting Houseof 1851 (Form 74--NR) and its slightly earlier tristyle neighbor across Main Street, the HollisLoring House (Form 113), were probably built by Hiram Fay. A few examples of temple-front, 11I2-story cottages, such as the Lewis Frye House at 154 Pleasant Street (MHC #259), were alsobuilt; most today are severely altered. O.W. Albee's House at 53 Mechanic Street (Form 70), builtca. 1835, is an unusual instance in Marlborough of a brick gable-end Greek Revival house with aclapboarded pediment and fretwork entry surround, and the Silas(?) Howe farmhouse at 616 BerlinRoad (Form 652) is a rare example of a small gable-end with a two-story facade colonnade withcolumns of unequal height. Another Greek Revival house type, the gable-roofed house withpedimented ends, is exemplified here by the house built ca. 1846 for Horatio Alger, Sr., at 9 BroadStreet (Form 141).

The Gothic Revival has few surviving representatives in Marlborough. It is most apparent in theapplied decoration of some vernacular houses, including the gable-end cottage at 24 High Street(MHC #526). Two Octagons, one of which was the ca. 1870 town-owned gasometer (demolished)were built during this period. The other is a true octagonal house, at 43 (45) Mt, Pleasant Street(MHC #357), built in ca. 1855, now greatly altered.

Marlborough has many examples of Second Empire architecture, which was the most common styleused in the residences of the town's most prominent families in the 1860's. Among the bestsurviving houses are the ca. 1860 residence of William Dadmun at 47 Pleasant Street (Form 147),and, in spite of its altered roof, the house of William Morse, built across the street at #40 (Form150), in about 1861, which has a rare example of wooden, imitation-stone siding. The smaller S.N.Aldrich House at 49 Fairmount Street, built ca. 1865, is a hybrid of the Second Empire and theStick Style (Form 166). Several smaller mansard cottages, a variant of the Second Empire, werealso built during the 1860's and 1870's. Excellent examples are located at 7 Walnut Street (theThomas Jackson House--Form 202), and several on Newton Street, among them the home ofbuilder Hiram Fay at #58 (MHC #N-403), which was probably designed and built by him. Themain municipal buildings of the era, the Second Empire high school of 1860 and the mansard-roofed, Victorian Gothic Town House of 1869, are gone.

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None of the earliest shoe factories from the 1830's through '50's is known to remain in its intact,wood-frame, gable-roofed form. Most of the factories built or enlarged in the 1860's had mansardroofs, and were a utilitarian version of the Second Empire. The only one that remains from theCivil War era, the first section of the Frye Shoe Factory (Form 112), has a shallow-pitched gabledroof.

Four churches were built during this period, of which one of the latest, the simple brick GothicChurch of the Immaculate Conception of 1868-1871, remains closest to its original appearance (seeForm 98). Even that building had its tower added later, however. Of the others, the 1853 GreekRevival First Methodist Church (Form 97) was updated to the Italianate later on, and radicallyaltered in this century, the First Congregational (Union) Church of the same year later had its roofand tower replaced and lost most of its detail to a change in siding (see Form 194), and St. Mary's(Form 96) was rebuilt and enlarged in the 1930's to a more 20th-century version of the Gothic.In the middle of the nineteenth century the old 1790's district schoolhouses were replaced withlarger buildings. One, the 3-bay, gable-end Williams School remains, complete with its rear gable-end chimney, at 27 Forest Street (MHC #1199).

LATE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (1870-1914)The last third of the nineteenth and the early years of the twentieth century were a time ofcontinued growth and development in Marlborough, as expansions in the shoe industry brought newfactories, and new residential neighborhoods at the center and in south Marlborough were openedup to accommodate what was still a growing population. Advances in technology had the potentialto make life easier for all Marlborough citizens, but to manage both the larger population and theneed for an increasingly complex infrastructure, the government was re-organized, and in 1890, 230years after the town was incorporated, Marlborough became a city. One short war, the Spanish-American War of 1898-99, was endured during this period, and several Marlborough soldiers foughtwith Co. F. of the Mass. 6th Infantry First Brigade. An era ended in 1914, with the outbreak ofWorld War 1.

Transportation.The major road system of the mid-nineteenth century remained intact during this period, with acontinuing proliferation of residential side streets at or near the center of town. Some majorstreets were lengthened: Church Street was extended south, and the streets of the Greenwood andChestnut Hill developments were laid out across it; the west and east ends of Lincoln Street werelinked by a new section across the base of Prospect Hill, and new streets were laid out north of itbetween Bolton and Prospect Streets. This era saw the first paving of roads; sections of LincolnStreet were the first, and Main Street was paved in 1895.

Although the north and south branch railroads never connected with each other at the center,under new ownership the railroad companies built new spurs and facilities. In 1893 a spur wasextended southwest from the former Marlborough Branch to the comer of Mechanic and LincolnStreets, where a new depot and freighthouse were built. On the old Agricultural Branch, freightand coal houses were built in the yards behind Main Street in the 1890's, and the New York, NewHaven, and Hartford built a new depot at Main and Florence Streets in 1902. (All railroadbuildings but the northern freighthouse, at 305/307 Lincoln Street [Form 188] were gone by thelatter part of this century).

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A radical transportation change took place in 1889, with the opening of the electric MarlboroughStreet Railway line, the second of its kind in the country. It initially ran for 2.5 miles west fromMiddlesex Square down East Main to Main, up Mechanic, Pleasant, and Broad to Lincoln Street,and had a branch down Maple Street to a car house located just south of Valley Street. The linewas extended half a mile in 1890, and in 1895 was linked to Hudson and Northborough, makingit possible for passengers to ride the streetcar all the way to Boston or Worcester. In 1903 theMarlborough line was taken over by the Boston & Worcester Railway Company.

Population and settlement pattern.By 1900, with the influx of additional waves of immigrants, which now included Italians, someGreeks, and a scattering of Eastern European Jews, the population of Marlborough reached 13,609.Density still increased at the center, with new neighborhoods of worker's housing opening upespecially on "French Hill" to the west of the old West Village, and "infill" houses continued to bebuilt throughout the period, especially near the factories. The largest new subdivisions wereSamuel Boyd's 60-acre planned development on Chestnut Hill (Area T), and the streets that werelaid out by Hollis Tayntor and others across the former farmland of Prospect Hill (Area Y). Northof the old West Village, shoe-manufacturer J.A. Frye divided much of his land for house lots, asdid Jonas Brigham in the Spring Street area (see Area Form V). Another major shoe-manufacturer, S.H. Howe, put up smaller groups of houses near his four factories in the WestVillage.

Religion/education/arts and culture/recreation.A new Episcopalian congregation built a Shingle-Style church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, atthe east end of Main Street in 1887. In 1890 a wood-frame church was built at the comer ofLincoln and Gibbon Street in "French Hill" by the French Evangelical Mission, on land donatedby Samuel Boyd, to serve the first French-speaking protestants of Marlborough. A ChristianScience Society was founded here in 1895. It began holding services in the Grand Army hall onMain Street in 1896, and became a branch of the mother church in 1899.

The 1890's -1910's were a time of educational expansion at the center, where st. Mary's Parish builtthe first section of St. Anne's Academy in 1888 (expanded 1894), and St. Anthony'S School in 1894(demolished). The city built a new, larger High School at the old common in 1895, and theImmaculate Conception Parish built a large elementary school in 1910 (Forms 120 and 189). Withthe 1903 closing of the last district school, the Rice School in west Marlborough, public educationwas now clearly concentrated at the center of the city. In one short-lived vocational experiment,the city opened the Marlborough Agricultural School at the center in 1913.

A Natural History Society was organized in 1889; it moved into the building formerly occupied bythe First National and the Marlborough Savings Bank (demolished) on Mechanic Street in 1907.

The efforts of both the city and private entrepreneurs ensured that the latter part of this periodwould be an era of recreation in Marlborough. From at least the 1870's, sailing and boating onLake Williams and Fort Meadow Reservoir were popular, and baseball was played by both localand national teams on the Prospect Street Ball Grounds. Informal horse-racing took place at FortMeadow, and in 1898 the Marlborough Trotting Park opened in the south part of town. In 1903the first "moving pictures" were shown at the Marlborough Theater, and by 1905 bowling, billiards,and even a shooting gallery were all popular pastimes on Main Street. In 1907 the city opened

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Fairmount Park, complete with dance hall, at the top of Fairmount Hill, and in 1913, the Stevens-Howe Playground (Form 910) on Sligo Hill was donated to the city by Mrs. O.H. Stevens.

Municipal improvements.This was also an era of many community-wide improvements that made life easier and safer foreveryone. A major engineering accomplishment was the 1882~84building of the town waterworks,which used Lake Williams as a source. It was later expanded with the addition to the system ofMillham Reservoir in 1892-95, (Form 916) and the reservoir and cast-iron water tower (Form 909)that were built on Sligo Hill in 1895. Also during the 1890's, large sections of the southMarlborough wetlands were acquired and developed by the city of Boston as the MetropolianWater Works basin, part of the Boston water-supply system. Many associated structures, the largestof which are the Sudbury Reservoir, the Marlborough Filter Beds, and the Wachusett Aqueduct,are now on the National Register of Historic Places. (See Forms AR, 919, AS.)

Electricity came to the center of town with the establishment of the Marlborough Electric LightCo. on Florence Street (Form 178), and lights were first turned on in 1885. In 1887 mail deliverybegan, and in 1891, as part of its first major municipal undertaking, the city began the constructionof a sewer system. The Marlborough Hospital opened briefly in the old Sylvester Bucklin Houseon Hildreth Street in 1893 (Form 83). Although it closed in 1894, it was revived ten years later,and built its first building at 157 Union Street in 1912.

The fire department was reorganized in the 1880's and 1890's, and two new facilities were built,the 1893-95 Fire Station #2 on Pleasant Street (Form 79), and the 1909 Central Fire and PoliceStation (Form 80) on Main Street, which also accommodated the police headquarters, jail, andcourt room.

Economic Base.The Late Industrial Period, largely a time of continuing industrial expansion, also saw theconsolidation of many of the shoe companies under larger corporations. In 1890 the annual valueof shoe production in Marlborough had reached $7 million. By the end of the period, however,the number of major shoe companies operating in the city had been reduced to three. While manyof the earlier factories had stood side-by-side with stores and municipal buildings on Main Street,by 1900 all shoes were being produced in plants located north or south of Main Street, severalstanding along the railroad tracks or sidings. Some of the managers in this era, like Louis P. Howeof S.H. Howe Co., Walter Frye of John A. Frye Shoe Co., Charles and Arthur Curtis of Rice &Hutchins and later the Curtis Shoe Co., and the four sons of John O'Connell, were now second-generation manufacturers who had been groomed for the business by their fathers. In the WestVillage in the 1880's and 1890's, the S.H. Howe Company bought out several smaller concerns andwas operating four factories by 1895. Rice & Hutchins, which was rapidly becoming one of thelargest shoe manufacturers in New England, branched out from the plant it acquired at MiddlesexSquare in the late 1860's by building factories on Cotting Avenue in the 1890's (demolished),another in 1902 at 37 Howe Street (Form 182), and leased the O'Connell factory after JohnO'Connell retired from the shoe business. By 1890 John Frye's business had expanded to becomethe third largest concern in Marlborough. A major slowdown in the shoe industry occurred at theturn of the century, however, after the devastating shoe-workers' strike of 1898-1899.

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A mix of other industries continued to contribute to Marlborough's economy during this period.The area just south of the Main Street terminus of the South Branch Railroad was filled withconcerns that took advantage of the proximity of the sidings. A.B. Howe's Marlborough LumberCo. was one of the most successful, as were two coal companies, one belonging to Ivers & Johnson,the other a side business started by John O'Connell and run by his son, John A., called the JohnO'Connell Coal Company. Machine shops and other businesses that supplied equipment for theshoe industry continued to thrive, several of them located near the Marlborough Branch sidings inthe Lincoln Street area, where another coal company and lumber yard were also located.Beginning in 1898, there was even a brief experiment in the manufacture of automobiles, with D.P.Walker's production of the "Marlborough Steamer" in the south part of the city.

The number of commercial enterprises also continued to expand. By the end of the 1890's MainStreet between Bolton and Mechanic Streets had filled with store blocks, many of them replacingdiscontinued shoe factories. Some were built with upstairs meeting halls for the city's fraternalsocieties and other organizations, others had "flats" on the upper floors. Several hotels came andwent; the most enduring were the Windsor, located in John O'Connell's 1882 Middleton Buildingat 276 Main Street (Form 99), and the Preston, in the building built by John Frye in 1892 at thecomer of Mechanic and Lincoln Streets (Form 102). Two more local banks were founded, thePeople's National Bank in 1878, and the Marlborough Cooperative Bank in 1890. Newspapers wererevived and expanded, and in 1888 the Marlborough Enterprise began publication.

Architecture.Residential architecture in this period again spanned nearly the full range of styles and house-types.Vernacular houses mainly continued the 1 1/2- to 2 1/2-story gable-end configuration that hadbegun during the Greek Revival period. Side-hall entries with some type of glass-and-panel doorwere the norm, and 2-over-2-sash windows were universal until well into the 1890's. Front porches,or "piazzas" became increasingly popular, and many were added to earlier houses. Those built inthe 1870's were usually supported on square, chamfered posts, often embellished with smallbrackets. By the 1890's the supports tended to be lathe-turned posts, the brackets became largerand more elaborate, and many porches wrapped around two or more sides of a building. Most ofthe porches built at the tum of the century were influenced by the increasingly popular ColonialRevival style, and had Tuscan columns and other classical detailing. Foundations were rarely builtof granite after 1875; they were mainly brick in the 1880's and early 1890's, and rubble stone from1895 through 1915.

Many Italianate houses were built during the 1860's through early 1880's in Marlborough. Nonewere true Italianate villas; most were vernacular examples of the side-hall-entry, gable-end type,with bracketed cornices and single or double-leaf glass-and-panel doors. Good illustrations of thistype, many of which were built with a side wing or ell, are the O.P. Walker House at 3/5 StevensStreet, the Thomas Gately House at 62 South Street, and the William Onthank House at 74Newton Street. (See Formsl99, 160, and 176.) Very few houses were built in the Shingle Style inMarlborough. The most intact is the F.A. Howe House at 121 Pleasant Street (MHC #260) , whichhas a twin-gabled facade. Another twin-gabled Shingle Style building, now with replacement siding,is the double-house at 14/16 Warren Avenue. (MHC #611). The Queen Anne style dominatedresidential building in Marlborough from the late 1880's through the beginning of the twentiethcentury. Many high-style Queen Anne houses displaying complex massing, a variety of patternedshingles and a multiplicity of window forms have recently been restored, some highlighted with

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multi-color paint schemes. Among them are the Walter Frye House at 187 Pleasant Street (Form642), the E. Irving Morse House at 52 Pleasant Street (Form 148) , the W.N. Davenport and MJ.McCarthy Houses at 105 and 111 Newton Street (Forms 171 and 170), the Philip Byrne House at35 Water Street (Form 161), and the little Brigham Cottage at 10 Stevens Street (Form 196).Queen Anne details also embellished the more modest houses built for rental or resale, many ofthem duplexes or triple houses. Popular trim elements included verge boards with incised orraised geometrical decorations, and colored-glass stair-hall windows.

During this period several of the larger shoe manufacturers built housing for their workers. Most,like the three cottages built by John O'Connell at the comer of Howe and Lambert Streets, tendedto be small, with a minimum of vernacular Italianate or Queen Anne detailing. Several largergable-roofed, multi-unit housing blocks still stand near the former shoe-factory sites, however,including two on Devens Street, overlooking Main (cf. e.g. the ca. 1890 Boyd & O'Neil boardingor rental house at 34/36 Devens, MHC #497). Possibly the largest worker's housing block to havebeen built is the long six-unit, 2 l!2-story block at 68 Elm Street, constructed in 1881, probably byS.H. Howe (Form 132). Well-preserved except for a change in siding, it retains its individual glass-and-panel entries with elaborate Italianate hoods, six chimneys, and six dormer windows.

Institutional architecture from this period also spanned a broad range of styles, from William RalphEmerson's Shingle-Style Holy Trinity Church of 1887 (demolished) to the Renaissance Revival PostOffice Block of 1912 (Form 155). H.M. Francis's flamboyant 1887-89 wood-frame Queen AnneBaptist Church (Form 81) is the best-preserved of all Marlborough's nineteenth-century churches,and Charles E. Barnes's Fire Station #2, recently restored by the city, is an excellent example ofthe mid-1890's Queen Anne interpreted in brick. Charles Barnes also designed the 1895Marlborough High School in the red-brick Colonial Revival style. Peabody & Stearns interpretedthe Renaissance Revival style in yellow (buff) brick and sandstone for the Marlborough PublicLibrary in 1904 (Form 84). The next year, Allen, Collins, & Berry also employed buff Romanbrick, this time with marble trim, in their magnificent Beaux-Arts Marlborough City Hall (Form64), which was built to replace the former Victorian gothic Town Hall, destroyed by fire in 1902.

Although many buildings along the Main Street commercial corridor have burned down or weredemolished during the urban renewal of the 1960's and '70's, most of those that do remain aretypical of the types of structures built in New England's downtowns in the 1880's and '90's. The1880 Temple Building at 149 Main Street and Charles Barnes's 1891 Warren Block, at 155 (bothNR) are four-story Queen Anne brick and stone row buildings, as are most of the others remainingfrom those decades. Off Main Street, the somewhat altered Morse & Bigelow Store, (Form 144),built on Lincoln Street in the 1880's, is a rare surviving illustration of a two-story, rectangularShingle-Style commercial building, and the Frye Building (see above), in the freely-interpretedColonial Revival mode of the early 1890's, embellished with cast-iron ornament, is Marlborough'sonly commercial structure with a rounded corner.

Several factory buildings remain from this period in relatively intact condition, including theadditions to the Frye Boot & Shoe Co. (Form 116) of ca. 1885 and the early 1890's, the early 1890'sWood-Willard Building at 293 Lincoln Street (Form 119), and the Rice & Hutchins Curtis ShoeFactory at 37 Howe Street of 1902 (Form 182). All are utilitarian wood-frame three- or four-storybuildings with flat or very shallow-pitched roofs, and bands of multi-light-sash windows. Each hasa square stair-tower on the facade, but none of the towers retains its original roof. The original

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established in 1915 and became one of the largest apple-growing establishments in the region. Likethe factories, however, some commercial establishments closed during this period, among them theMorse & Bigelow Store, which ceased business in 1932 after over a century of operation.

Architecture.Most houses of the Early Modem Period in Marlborough, as elsewhere in the region, werevariations of Colonial Revival house-types. Five- or three-bay side-gabled, two-story examples, withsuch typical attachments as dens and sunporches, and details such as pedimented entry hoods andpaneled shutters, were built in the new neighborhoods on Prospect and Chestnut Hills, and as infillin the older sections of the center. Many Dutch Colonial Revivals were built during the late1920's-early 1930's, especially in the Church Street and Chestnut Hill neighborhoods. Bungalowscame into their own by the late 1910's, and individual examples, with details ranging from theColonial Revival to the Craftsman, can be seen in those areas as well. High-style houses of theperiod were built in the Georgian or Federal Revival styles. A ca. 1940 "brick-ender" stands at 305Hosmer Street (MHC #1090), and two well-preserved brick Federal Revival houses were built onupper Pleasant Street, the William Davenport House at #200, and the Russell Frye House at #222.Their neighbor, the Robert Frye House at 234 Pleasant Street, is a unique example in Marlboroughof a large stucco, Spanish Revival house. (See MHC #5 695, 699, 701). In multi-unit housing,fewer side-by-side double-houses were built, but scattered duplexes and a few three-deckers, suchas the well-preserved house at 137 Howe Street (Form 180) were constructed through the 1920's.By 1930 the modem version of the Cape Cod Cottage had appeared in the subdividedneighborhoods and at scattered locations along the Post Road. A group of four on Church andHildreth Streets (see Area K: Church Street Area), is typical. Other early-modem styles and typeshad only a small representation in Marlborough. A few large Tudor Revival houses wereconstructed, of which builder Thomas Hurley's own house, constructed ca. 1916 at 50 FairmountStreet is probably the most stylish and well-preserved (Form 167). Another good example standsat 218 Church Street (MHC #658). A smaller illustration of the English architectural influence,the little English Cottage, such as the wood-shingled 32 Mount Pleasant Street (MHC #354), isseen as infill in some neighborhoods at or near the center.

Early Modem institutional architecture in Marlborough was almost universally Colonial Revival instyle, most of it constructed in brick, with wood or concrete detail. Beginning with the WashingtonStreet School in 1916 (Form 86), the city built four two-story, flat-roofed brick elementary schoolswith wood trim details executed in a variety of pilastered, pedimented classical forms, some quiteelaborate. Its 1923 City Home on Bolton Street, (demolished), which replaced the former TownFarm, was also a large brick Colonial Revival building.

The three churches built during this period all represent simple versions of different styles. TheChristian Science Church on West Main Street, designed by Howard Cheney in 1920, is a one-story, stucco Federal Revival building (Form 139), the little 1925 Sts, Anargyroi (Form 185) is anearly astylistic wood-shingle building with a hint of eastern-European influence in its gilded dome,and the 1933 St. Ann's is a simple, handsome version of the modem Romanesque Revival in brickand concrete. (See Form 158).

Again in this period, the industrial buildings were constructed in the utilitarian mode, with flatroofs, flat wall surfaces broken by long bands of windows, and simple rectilinear massing. The 1924Marlborough Wire Goods building (Form 115) is a massive three-story brick structure, its main

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design element the regular rhythm of large, square window openings. The walls of the five-story1923 Dennison Mfg. Co. factory are articulated by vertical concrete piers and horizontal brick andconcrete banding.

New types of commercial buildings associated with the automobile were constructed during thisperiod. Several small, rectangular concrete auto repair shops were built, the earliest ones in rock-faced concrete block. All are altered; one in relatively intact condition still operates at 53 CentralStreet (MHC #461). A few new flat-roofed one- and two-story multi-store blocks were constructedon Main Street. Most of the six-store Sher Building at 126-136 Main (Form 128) was convertedin the 1930's-'40's to the Modeme Style, and utilizes several experimental materials, includingceramic panels, sheet-metal gratings, and Carrara glass. At 195-205 Main Street, (Form 131),another 1930's multi-store building brings back the Federal Revival in its gabled, cupolaed slateroofs and parapet brick end walls. What was apparently builder Thomas Hurley's last building, the1925 First National Bank, (Form 132), repeats the stone Renaissance Revival mode of itspredecessor across the street.

MODERN PERIOD (1945-present)After a brief decline in the population rate after World War II, Marlborough experienced thegreatest growth in its history when, between 1950 and 1990, the population nearly doubled, from16,000 to 31,800. Beginning in the 1950's, single-family housing developments spread throughoutthe city, followed in the 1960's by apartment complexes. Convenient location, accessible highways,ample public services, open space, and a hospitable political climate have all contributed to whatis still a growing community.

By 1970, due to the construction of Interstate 495 and the neighboring 1-290, coupled with largeacreages of available land and favorable industrial and business zoning, large industries again founda home in Marlborough. The 1960 Kanavos Park, the first major industrial park in the city, wasdeveloped in the western section of town near both 1-495 and Route 20 on 1,400 acres of formerwoods and apple orchards. To date, 30 industries have located there. Marlborough has truly madethe transition from a "shoe city" to a diversified and high-tech center for the region.

Also from the 1960's through 1980's, small shopping centers and strip malls were built along theouter sections of the old Boston Post Road (Route 20). The north/south corridor of Maple andBolton Streets was also developed with large commercial, institutional and recreational facilitiesduring that time.

Modem development has come at the cost, however, of many of Marlborough's historic resources,from the old farms of southwest Marlborough and houses of all periods along both sections of thePost Road, to several late-nineteenth-century commercial blocks and utilitarian structures at thedowntown center. In addition, shopping-center development and re-location of the high school,district court, police station, etc., outside the center of town, coupled with urban renewal effortsduring the 1970's, resulted in a stagnation of Marlborough's downtown that is only now beingseriously addressed. Since the 1980's the city has actively sought and obtained federal Community-Development Block Grants for the revitalization of its downtown neighborhoods, and has sponsoredthe restoration and rehabilitation of several individual buildings and structures. Among them arethe 1895 Marlborough High School, which, as the re-named "Walker Building" won a preservation

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award from Historic Massachusetts, Inc. in 1994. Other city-initiated historic preservation effortssince 1980 include the restoration of the City Hall, Fire Station #2, Central Fire and PolliceStation, and the upcoming rehabilitation of the 1912 Post Office on Mechanic Street.

In 1965 the Marlborough Historical Society was founded as a private, non-profit organization. Inthe early 1990's, the Marlborough Historical Commission was re-organized, and has activelyundertaken identification, preservation, and educational activities. In 1993 it received a Survey andPlanning Grant through the Massachusetts Historical Commission for the completion of this city-wide Historic, Architectural, and Cultural Resources Survey. A Historic District Study Committeehas also been formed to plan for the preservation of parts of the city center under the provisionsof Chapter 40-C of the Massachusetts General Laws, and preparations have been made for a city-wide Demolition Delay Bylaw. Another step planned for the future is to seek Certified LocalGovernment status for the city as a partner with the state and federal governments in theidentification, evaluation, and preservation of Marlborough's historic resources. Thanks to anenlightened municipal policy and the untiring efforts of many of its citizens, in recent yearsMarlborough has made a transition from a period of unchecked expansion and replacement to onein which the richness of its historic and cultural resources will not only be recognized andappreciated, but protected and preserved for the future.

Anne McCarthy Forbes,Consultant to the Marlborough Historical CommissionSeptember, 1994Revised June, 1995

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY January 16, 1995

I. PROJECT PRIORITIES, INITIAL COMMUNICATIONS

After the completion in 1994 of a community-wide Historic-Resources Survey project whichhad concentrated on several downtown areas at the center of Marlborough, the consultantwas asked by the Marlborough Historical Commission to undertake a second, smaller surveyof the remainder of the center-city neighborhoods, as well as the more sparsely-developedoutlying areas of the community.

The project began in December, 1994with communications between the consultant, AnneForbes, and the Project Coordinator, Lynn Faust of the Historical Commission, in whichgeneral ideas for the scope of the survey were outlined. In contrast to the 1994 survey, noimmediately-endangered individual resources were identified. It was agreed that this year'sproject would attempt to survey all significant areas and individually-important resources notcovered in 1994. It was understood that, unlike the 1994 survey project (tip art I"), which hadreceived a matching Survey and Planning Grant from the Massachusetts HistoricalCommission (MHC), this 1995 project ("Part IItI

), would be fully funded by the City ofMarlborough. Michael Steinitz, Survey Director for MHC, however, expressed hiswillingness to advise and consult on any questions that might arise during course of theproject.

II. CRITERIA FOR PROPERTY SELECTION

It is the consultant's recommendation that Part II of the survey seek to document all historicresources in Marlborough, not covered under Part I, that retain their architectural or historicsignificance to the city. Under the guidelines issued by the MHC, the eligibility ofproperties for a community's historic inventory is primarily based on their physical orarchitectural integrity as accurate representatives of their time, combined with their role inthe development of the city. The survey will examine resources from all periods untilapproximately 1945; in general, to be included on the inventory of significant resources,more architectural alteration is acceptable for earlier properties than for those constructedafter 1900. Although, as with Part I, many buildings of minor historical and architecturalsignificance will be included on area forms because of their contribution to the character ofa group or neighborhood as a whole, the existence of many highly-altered early-twentieth-century buildings scattered throughout the outlying sections of Marlborough is moreproblematic. In some cases, if grouped with other more significant resources, such buildingsmay be listed on an area data sheet, and thus included on the inventory. Because of budgetconstraints that limit the number of inventory forms that can be written this year, however,it is the consultant's recommendation that several highly-altered early-twentieth-centurybuildings which do not stand in a neighborhood that can be covered on a potential areaform be eliminated from this year's project.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16,1995

A few landscape resources will again be examined. They will include at least one ball field,Jericho Hill ski area, Marlborough Airport, man-made bodies of water such as Fort Meadowand Millham Reservoirs, and possibly a few agricultural vistas. As a rule, natural landscapeswill not be included, nor will cellar holes or sites of buildings no longer extant.

III. STATUS OF EXISTING DOCUMENTATION.

National Register properties. No new properties have been added to the thirteenMarlborough resources that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.Listed on eight nomination forms, they include several Boston water-supply system resourcesin south Marlborough, and five individual buildings. Although more information may befound about them this year, because of their status, it is not recommended that new formsbe written for any of them during Part II.

Assessment of existing survey forms. Approximately 47 inventory forms were written inearlier survey projects (between 1967 and 1984) for non-NR properties located in the areasof focus for Part II. Because none of them have architectural statements, and theirhistorical statements are well below the present standards of documentation put forth by theMHC guidelines, it is recommended that most of them be replaced or updated this year.Because of budget constraints, however, several old forms for buildings and monumentslocated within the areas covered by group forms last year should probably be retained, eventhough more information on those properties may now be available.

Documentary sources. As in Part I, small commercial maps of Marlborough will be usedin the field, and the set of 1969 assessor's maps provided last year by the Department ofPublic Works will again be heavily used to obtain parcel numbers and gain an understandingof lot size and configuration. It is anticipated that most of the other documentary sourcesused in Part I (see 1994 Master SUIVeyBibliography) will also provide the documentarybasis for the historical information in Part II. Sanborn Fire Insurance maps, which arelargely confined to coverage of the downtown area, will probably be somewhat less helpfulthis year.

IV. SURVEY PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES.

Property index. Phase II of this year's survey will include a draft index of properties andareas to be covered on inventory forms. An initial "windshield" sUIVeyconducted duringPhase I indicates that the list will include nearly the full range of resource types--buildings,areas and neighborhoods, burial grounds, structures, and landscapes. There will be severalarea forms for residential neighborhoods, such as the Berlin Road area, Chestnut Hill,Prospect Hill, and John Frye's developments north of the West Village; one or twostreetscapes may be written this year, as well. It is not anticipated that any objects orarchaelogical sites will be included. At the end of the project, the SUIVeyProperty Index

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16, 1995

from Part I of the survey will be expanded to include the address, historic name, date, andinventory number of those resources covered this year.

Inventory forms:Format of inventory forms. In addition to several sample forms written duringPhase II, in Phase III, the consultant will prepare approximately 105 inventoryforms (or the equivalent in a combination of individual and group forms). Theprocedure used will be that outlined in the contract between the consultant and thecity, and will follow the guidelines of the Massachusetts Historical Commission'sHistoric Properties Survey Manual. Each inventory form will include at least onephotograph, a sketch map, and statements on the property's architectural andhistorical significance, with a brief list of relevant sources, including all historicmaps on which a property appears.

Fieldwork and property descriptions. Each resource or resource group will beassessed for its physical integrity and significance, and for its role in Marlborough'sdevelopment. If detailed field work reveals that some properties do not meet theselection criteria, they wiJI be deleted from the preliminary property index.Properties remaining on the list will be photographed, and their descriptionsrecorded on field sheets. The descriptions for resources to be covered on individualforms will be more detailed than for those to be covered on group forms; theminimum documentation for the latter will be a listing on an area data sheet, whichwill include the street address, historic name (if known), and approximate date ofconstruction. Assessor's maps will be used to verify addresses (which may bedifferent than the street numbers displayed on a building), provide map-and-parcelnumbers, and to determine property size and configuration.

Historical research. During Phases II and III, documentary research will beperformed to gather information about the historical significance of the surveyedproperties. Based on the precedent set by Part I of the survey, historic maps,(especially those from 1803, 1835, 1853, 1857, 1871, 1875, and 1889), coupled withlate nineteenth- and early twentieth-century street directories and real estatevaluations, should prove valuable for identifying property owners and residents.Although deed research is usually outside the scope of a community-wide surveyproject, it is anticipated that approximately one day of research at the MiddlesexCounty Registry of Deeds will serve to clarify some questions as to the ownershipof several properties. The historical statements written for the inventory forms willrelate the resources to the major themes of Marlborough's development, such ashistoric patterns of land use, neighborhood expansion and real estate speculation,establishment of transportation systems, economic and industrial development, andsocial and demographic history.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16, 1995

Revision of narrative history. A full narrative history of the development of Marlboroughwas written during Part I of the survey. However, its architectural emphasis was on thoseproperties surveyed last year. Part II of the survey will add to the narrative history moredetailed information about the resources surveyed this year.

Revision of survey base map. During Phase IV, all properties added to the inventory thisyear will be given an inventory number and added to the large-scale Survey Base Map thatwas prepared last year.

Assessment of eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. National Registercriteria will be applied to each resource, and criteria statements written for those propertieswhich, in the consultant's judgment, are likely to meet National Register eligibility standards.The existing list of National-Register-recommended properties will then be updated toinclude those deemed eligible during Part II.

Final report. At the end of the project, a final completion report for Part II will be written.It will contain a methodology statement, recommendations for future work, and will include,as attachments, the revised Survey Property Index, National Register eligibility list, NarrativeHistory of Marlborough, and the Master Survey Bibliography.

Project Follow-up. When the survey is completed, all relevant items, including photographlists and negatives, and any materials borrowed by the consultant, will be delivered toProject Coordinator Lynn Faust. As a final public event, the consultant is prepared to offera brief public slide talk on the sUlVeyfindings.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURALRESOURCES, 1994-1995: PART II, FINAL REPORT

I. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

This project represents the second phase of a community-wide historic properties survey ofMarlborough conducted under the Marlborough Historical Commission. The first phase, (PartI), which was completed in the fall of 1994, concentrated on documenting the center of the city.This year's phase, (Part II), which again utilized funding from the Marlborough Office forCommunity Development, continued the documentation ofthe center and downtown areas, andcovered the rest of the city, as well. Again this year, preservation consultant Anne McCarthyForbes was hired to do the project work, which was completed on August 31, 1995.

II METHODOLOGY

The scope and procedures followed for the survey were tailored to the Marlborough HistoricalCommission's goals of extending the survey to include all historic resources in Marlboroughthat retain their architectural or historic significance, updating, correcting, and adding to theinformation from former surveys, and expanding the information base for future preservationand educational efforts.

To attain these goals within the prescribed budget, a combination approach was again utilized.As in Part I of the survey, Area Forms were used for the documentation of the more densely-developed neighborhoods, especially those with a high concentration of later or less significantresources. Properties that had a high degree of historical or architectural significance weredocumented in much more detail on individual inventory forms. Among those were some ofthe oldest farmhouses in Marlborough, many of which had been partially discussed on formsfrom former surveys. Those forms were either updated with the addition of architecturaldescriptions and expanded historical narratives, or, in the case of several former forms thatcontained errors, completely replaced with new forms.

Criteria for property selection. All buildings constructed before 1945 were deemed eligible forMarlborough's inventory of historically or architecturally significant properties, provided thatthey retained their architectural integrity. Most of those judged ineligible were buildings thathad been so completely rebuilt as to present the appearance of a post-1945 structure. (Formore information on the selection criteria, see the Preliminary Methodology for Part II,1116/95).

Status of existing documentation. The Preliminary Methodology outlines the status of thedocumentation that existed prior to this survey effort. No new resources have been added tothe National Register of Historic Places since the first part of the survey was written. The localcontext of some NR-listed properties, however, has been expanded in the narrative sections ofArea Forms such as the Marlborough Junction form (Form AE) that encompasses theMarlborough Filter Beds (Form 919) and part of the Sudbury Reservoir (Form AR).

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Survey procedures. The Preliminary Methodology of 1/16/95 describes both the documentaryand field research methods employed in the survey. The main difference in the sources usedin the historical research this year came from the fact that two maps, the 1853 and 1871Walling maps, were less helpful for Part II, as they do not cover the outlying sections of thecity. This time, however, a later plan, James Bigelow's map of 1900, was used considerablymore than in Part I, as it concentrates on areas outside the center. A 1940 WPA map fromthe Massachusetts Archives that shows the distribution of types of resources, although notowners' names, was also helpful in some cases. (See revised Master Bibliography).

III. EXPLANATION OF PRODUCTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Inventory fonns. The 1995 project work included the survey of over seven hundred historic,architectural, and cultural resources. To meet the equivalent of the projected 105 inventoryforms under the current budget limitations, as was the case with Part I, the total number offorms written was reduced to reflect the sizeable time investment required by the area forms.In all, 88 forms were written, -- 55 building, 4 landscape, 5 burial ground, and 24 area forms.This included the updating and expansion of several existing forms from previous surveys bythe addition of architectural statements and new or corrected historical statements. There wereno forms written for streetscapes or structures this year.

Each inventory form includes at least one photograph, a sketch map, and other pertinentinformation such as building material, style, builder or architect (if known), date ofconstruction, degree of alteration, setting, and detailed statements of architectural andhistorical significance. A brief bibliography of sources consulted is part of each form, andalways includes any historical maps on which a building or structure is shown. (In many casesan abbreviated source reference appears on the inventory form. For the complete reference,the Master Bibliography should be consulted.)

National Register criteria were applied to each property, and potential eligibility is noted onthe forms and explained on an accompanying National Register Criteria Statement sheet.Three areas or groups of resources surveyed this year are likely to be eligible for district listing,and 34 resources (buildings and burial grounds) were deemed individually eligible for theNational Register. The significance of most of the individuals had already been recognized intheir inclusion in former surveys. Several highly significant buildings, however, weredisqualified from individual NR eligibility because of architectural changes, the most commonof which was the installation of synthetic siding. The master list of all surveyed propertieslikely to be eligible for the National Register, either individually or as part of a NationalRegister district, was revised and expanded.

Maps and maplMHC identification numbers; assessor's map and parcel documentation. Theentire inventory from Parts I and II of the survey has been plotted by identification letter ornumber on a base map provided by the Marlborough Department of Public Works. Thenumbering system, worked out in conjunction with the Massachusetts Historical Commission,may be used to identify all Marlborough's resources easily in the state MACRIS system(computerized data base for historic properties), as well as in the local Marlborough file. (TheMarlborough file, however, instead of being arranged by MHC number, is organizedalphabetically by area name and street address.) Each individual resource specifically discussed

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on an inventory form, whether a building, object, structure, burial ground, or landscape, hasbeen given its own identification number. When possible, properties in one locale have beengiven contiguous numbers. Since numbers given to resources covered in earlier surveys havebeen retained, however, many areas include resources with widely discontinuous numbers. Inaddition, according to Massachusetts Historical Commission policy, all burial grounds havebeen numbered in the 800's, and all structures, objects, and landscapes in the 900's. Theidentification numbers for burial grounds now end with MHC #810, and for structures, objects,and landscapes, at #927. The numbers for individual buildings now range from #1 through799 and from #1000 through 1293.

Each group form (Area Form or Streetscape), is identified by an alphabetical designation,currently ranging from Area A through Area AS. Each discussed resource located within anarea or streetscape retains its individual identification number. It is important to note that,because of time and budget constraints, only those properties specifically mentioned in the textof individual or group forms have been given identification numbers and listed on the DataSheets that accompany each Area Form. As a rule, these represent the most historically orarchitecturally significant resources. There are many more historic properties located withinmost of the areas, however. Their locations are shown on the Area Sketch Maps.

The city assessor's map and parcel number for each property has also been listed on theinventory forms and data sheets. It is anticipated that the use of this data in the survey willhelp coordinate preservation planning with other types of planning within the city ofMarlborough.

Narrative history. In Part II the comprehensive developmental history of the community wasrevised to include more information on the areas and resources surveyed this year. It was alsogreatly enhanced by a contribution from local resident Ellen Bailey of her research on the localIndian tribes. The narrative history is organized according to the seven major periods ofMarlborough's historical development, with an emphasis on the extant resources which remainfrom each period.

Other survey products and results. It is hoped that in the future the Master Bibliography forthe survey will prove useful to people wishing to research the town's historic resources infurther detail.

The attached Property Index has been expanded to include all the historic resources discussedon the inventory forms, with their accompanying MHC/map identification numbers. Historicresources which do not have identification numbers, however, though significant, do not appearon the Property Index. The survey Base Map shows at a glance the boundaries of the surveyedareas, as well as the locations of the inventoried properties situated outside the areas.

The list of Properties Potentially Eligible for the National Register is the result of theapplication of the National Register criteria to the surveyed resources, and should prove auseful tool in future preservation-planning efforts. It should be noted that theserecommendations are the opinion of the consultant only, and do not guarantee that a propertywill be found eligible upon nomination to the Register.

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IV. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURmER STUDY.The entire city of Marlborough has now been examined for the presence, distribution, andsignificance of its historic, architectural, and cultural resources. The information that has beengathered may be used as the basis for future preservation efforts, such as the establishment oflocal historic districts, nominations to the National Register, restorations of significantbuildings, and community education. It is also to be hoped that the survey itself will continue.Several important resources that are included only as part of an area or on a form from aformer survey have not yet been documented in detail, and individual forms should be writtenfor them in the future. Some, such as the Marlborough High School (#120), the BrighamHouse at 190 Elm Street (#68) and the Maynard House at 173 Howe Street (#78) have formsfrom former surveys that should be revised and updated. The authenticity of the John BrownBell (Form #912) should also be investigated. Even inventory forms written during the pasttwo years should be updated with additional information as it is obtained. (See below). Thetexts of some forms presently include recommendations for deed or geneological research, etc.Interior inspections, also, should provide clues to how several of the most significant buildingsexpanded over time, and may even provide new information on the presence of some earlystructures that are not visible from the exterior.

Some altered buildings such as the Brigham House at 320 South Street, the Boyd house at 85Maple Street, and the cottage at 11 Ames Place that may date to the seventeenth century, areof such significance to the community that they, too, will merit individual forms in the future.Some twentieth-century resources, such as the Pastime Theater and the White City Diner, havealso gained enough significance to deserve individual documentation. Finally, at least twobuildings that have recently been moved to Marlborough from other communities, the FirstPeriod house at 740 Hemenway Street and the Post Road Diner on the East Boston PostRoad, should be documented on the inventory forms before their history is lost.

Storage recommendations; methodology for adding new information. The survey andinventory, as a public document, should be made readily available to the public. To preventloss or damage, however, at least one full photocopy should be made for general use.Suggested storage locations are the Marlborough Public Library, Marlborough HistoricalSociety, and at least one municipal office, such as planning or community development.

It is recommended that the Marlborough Historical Commission develop a procedure foradding new information to existing inventory forms. The methodology might include attachingcontinuation sheets to the forms, and requiring that the material be submitted in writing, andalways include the name and address of the contributor, date of submission and source of theinformation.

This project was carried out under the guidance of the Marlborough Historical Commissionand Local Project Coordinator Lynn Faust, whose leadership, guidance and cooperation haveagain been extraordinarily helpful. Ellen Bailey and Virginia Johnson of the MarlboroughHistorical Society have also contributed large amounts of time, work, and expertise to theproject. The staff of the Marlborough Public Library, which, like the Society, maintains awealth of historical documents, has also given invaluable support to this project, as have themunicipal offices of the Marlborough assessors and building departments.

Anne McCarthy ForbesAugust 31, 1995

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Attachments and related documents

Smvey Property IndexNational Register RecommendationsNarrative RistOI)' of MarlboroughMaster Survey BibliographyPreliminary Methodology, 1/16/95

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, AROi ITECIURAL , AND aJL'IURAL RESOURCES:MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY August, 1995

BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS:

Marlborough HistoryAllen, Frederick J. "The Shoe Industry." 1916.

Bent, Samuel A. The Wayside Inn. 1897.

Bigelow, Ella. Historical Reminiscences of the Early Times in Marlborough,Massachusetts. City of Marlborough: 1910.

Bigelow, James. "Photos and Descriptions of Some old Houses in Marlborough." 1927.

Bridges, Edward G. Gallery of Mayors. Marlborough: City of Marlborough, 1973.

centennial '90: Marlborough the Ci~v. Marlborough: Marlborough Cultural Affairs,1990.

Conklin, Edwin P. Middlesex County and its Peonle. New York, NY: LewisHistorical Publishing Co., 1927.

Cutter, William R., ed. Historic Homes and Places. and Geneoloaical aDd PersonalMemoirs Relatina to Families of Middlesex County. Massachusetts. New York,NY: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1908.

Dodd, Martin H. "Marlboro, Mass. and the Strike of the Shoe·..lorkers,1898-1899."Harvard, 1976.

Drake, Samuel. HistorY of ~iddlesex County. Mass. Boston: Estes & Lauriat, 1880.

Felton, Cyrus. A Record of More than 450 Remarkable Events in Marlborough and theVicinity. Marlborough: Stillman Pratt, 1879.

Green, Samuel A. Notebook Kent by Rev. William Brimsmead. Cambridge: John Wilson& Son ..1889.

Hall, J.S. The Book of Feet: the History of Boots and Shoes. 1947.

Hudson, Charles. HistorY of the Town of Marlborouah. Massachusetts. Boston:T.R. Marvin & Son, 1862.

Hurd, D. Hamilton. Historv of Middlesex County. Mass.1890.

Phil~delphia: JW Laws,

Marlborouah's Three-Hundredth Anniversary. Marlborough: MarlboroughEnterprise-Sun, 1960.

Pictorial Marlborough. 1879.

Pitman, J.A. Notes on the Historv of Marlborouah. Marlborough: Times PtilliishingCo .. 1905.

6/20/941

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY, cant.

Rice. Franklin P. Marlborouah. Massachusetts: ~urial. Grounq Inscriptions.Worcester: FranY-lin P. Rice, 1908.

"First Records of Marlborough, Massachusetts." 1909.

vital Records of Madborouah. Massachuset.ts. Worcester: Franklin P.Rice, 1908.

Stacy, George A. "The Marlborough Waterworks."Stavely, Keith. More than Righteous: Character. Comnuni ty. and the Marlborough

Public Librarv, 1871-1879. Marlborough: privately printed, 1981.

Tllree_.iJ.1J.TI.QLtqQ_'[EE<!.t? oL$bo~_@d Leathennakin9_t.D.Massachusetts. Boston: GillPublications, 1930.

Architectural HistoryBlunenson, John. Identifyina American Architecture. Nashville: American

Association of state and Local History, 1977.CurrnUngs, Abbott Lowell. The Framed Houses of Massachusetts ~ 1625-1725.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Fitch, James Marston. ~erican Building: the Environmental Forces ThatShaped It. New York, NY: Schock en BOOKS, 1977.

___ ._._ limericaI}Bui)dina: the Histori9aJ Forces That Shaned It. New York, NY:Schocken Books, 1977.

Gowans, Alan.1890-1930.

The Comfortable House: North American Suburban .l~p::hitec::J1J.re,Cambridge, V~: MIT Press, 1986.

Hamlin, Talbot. Greek Revival Architecture in America. New York, NY: DoverPublications, 1964.

Hubka. Thomas. j;3i9-!jQuse",--L1ttl e HOl:!$_~_BackHous~-:._Barn. Hanover." NH:University Press of New England: 1984.

Jordy, William. American Buildinas and Th~i~ Architects: Propressive and AcademicIdeals at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press!Doubleday, 1976.

Maass, John. The Victorian Home in America. New York, NY: Hawthorn, 1972.

McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York, NY:Alfred Knopf, 1984.

Palliser, George & Charles.Life Foundation, 1977.

The Pallisers' Late Victorian Architecture.Reprint of 1878, 1887, 1888.

American

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND aJL'I'URALRESOURCES:MASTER BIBLIc::xiRAPHY,cont.

Pierson. William. Bmerican J;:';uildings and Thei.r...ArcJxLteets~ th~ ColQ.Il.ial._a...'l.9Neo-cL~ssical Styles~ Garden City, ~7: Doubleday, 1976 .

. American Buildings and Their Architects: Technolo~and thePicturesaue: the Coroorate and Early Gothic styles. Garden City, NY:Doubleday, 1976.

Roth, Leland. A Concise Historv of Americ.an Architectur:~, New York, NY: Harper &Row, 1979.

Scully, Vincent. The Shingle style and the stick Style. New Haven: YaleHistorical Publications, 1971.

Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Slnce 1780. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1969.

MANUSCRIPTS, ARTICLES, AND FILES.Bigelow, James. "Photos and Descriptions of Some old Houses in Marlborough."

Reproduction of Scrapbook, 1927.

Index to Historic Reminiscences of Marlborouah by Ella Bigelow.

Marlborough Historical Society. Building Files.

Marlborough Historical Society. Cemetery Records.

Marlborough Historical Society. Family Files.

Marlborough Historical Society. Hector Moineau Photograph Collection.Marlborough Historical Society. Joseph Lapine Photograph Collection.

MARLBOROUGH RECORDS AND PUBLICATIONS

Marlborough Public Records:Fnnual Reoort of the Selectmen of the Town of Marlborough. 1865-1890 (most years.)

Annual Reoort of the Suoerintendent of Streets and Sewers of Marlborouah for the¥ear 1901. 1901.

Annual Reoort _()l...j:.h~ Water and Sewaae Comnissionersf._t1<>;.J;".}boro~Ma?~Intermittent years, 1884-1930.

Annual Reoort of the School Comnittee of the Town (City} of Marlborouah.Intermittent years, 1846-1919.

"Assessors Book, 1794-1857, Marlborough, Massachusetts". No date.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, AROUTEcruRAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:MASTER BIBLIc:x;RAPHY,cant.

c:t.tvOrdinances R~J?:Uye to the InsDectiDa of_~_':!iLdin~__~Dd_E:Lt~_1~_~LaIlc;L~gn?.t.!"J.!£'Jj...QD-_9.t :§\1.:jJ_Q..illg_~in _Eft ect, 1920.

Ordina~ces ~tihe~ity of Marlborouq~~~~~ 1891,1898, 1902. 1905.

Marlborough Assessor's Records.

Marlborough Building Permit Records. 1938-present.

"Town Officials, 1700-1739."

Town~al~ations, Ma~lborouqh, Mass., 1840.Valuation of Real and Personal Estates of the Inhabitants of the Town (city) of

Marlborouah. Intermittent years, 1860-1926.

Directories:The Marlborough and Hudson Directory. Publisher varies. Intermittent years,

1869-1961.

Newspapers:The Marlborouah _Enterorise~ ~t~rDri§_e-Sun. 1389-prese:lt.

U. S. GOVERNMENT AND ca.1MONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSE'ITS SOURCES AND ncx::uMENTSMiddlesex County Probate Court Records. Cambridge, MA.

Middlesex County Registry of Deeds. Cambridge, MA.Massachusetts Historical CorrrrQssion. Reconnai~~~~e Surv~ __B~PQ~t for Marlboro~qh.

Boston: Massachusetts Historical cOrrrrQssion,1980.

United State Census.. Selected years.

HAPS AND ATLASESAndrews, Samuel. "A Draft of Malborough (sic) Plantation". 1667 (1663).

Atlas of the Boundaries of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1908.

Bailey, Oakley H., and J.C. Hazen. Y_i~_of Marlborough, Mass. Milwaukee:J. Knauber & Co., 1878.

Beers, F.W. b1-~§~__of MiddlesE?.~_GQ...U[lty-,-New York: F.W. Beers, 1875.: Plates 126and 127: "Marlborough", and plate 128: "Town of Mad borough. "

Bigelow, James. "Map of the City of Marlborough, Middlesex County, Mass." 1900.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHI'I'ECI'URAL, AND aJLTURAL RESOURCES: :MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY, cant.

City of Marlborough. Tax Assessor's Maps.

Holman, Silas. "Hap of the Town of Marlborough." 1803.

Hudson, William. A Plan of the Town of Marlborough. 1830.

Marlborough Department of Public Works. City of Marlborough. Mass. 1989.

Massachusetts state Planning Board. Roads and Buildings, City of Marlborough.WPA Project 20677. 1940.

Peters, Andrew. "?lan of the Town of Marlborough." 1794.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Co. "Maps of Marlborough." Intermittent dates, 1885-1961.

U.s. Geologic Survey. Quadrangle Maps. Varying dates.

Wadsworth, Alexander. Plan of Lots in Marl~Q~q~gh~_p~ina Northerly Partof the Farm of Henry Rice. Boston: L.H. Bradford & Co., 1855.

Walker, George H. Atlas of Mid~lesex Cotmty. Boston: George H. Walker & Co.,1889. Four plates.

Walling, Henry F. MaD of the Town of Marlboroua~. Philadelphia:A. Kollner Lithography, 1853 .

. . MaE ...QLl1iddlesex County. Boston: Smith:; Bumstead, 1857 (Some versionsare dated 1856).

Plan of Marlborough. 1871.

Wood, Willia~ H. b Plan of Marlborough. Middlesex County, Mass. Boston:Pendleton's Lithography, 1835.

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marlborough historic property survey - book 1

Documents

ash street

berkeley street

auburn street

amold street

bicknell street

bigelow street

bolton street

bond street