Marjorie Pearl Alabat Maturan, LPT mmarjoriepearl@gmail.com

Marjorie Pearl Alabat Maturan, LPT College Instructor, College of Teacher Education

Education: Graduate: Surigao State College of Technology- Main Campus (ongoing) Degree: Master of Arts In Education major in English Baccalaureate: Surigao State College of Technology Main Campus, 2018 Degree: BSEd. Major in English Secondary: Surigao State College of Technology Del Carmen Campus, 2014 Elementary: Cancohoy Elementary School, 2010 Work Experiences:

GIP and a Volunteer Teacher , San Isidro National High School English language and Gen.Ed.subjects tutor Customer Service Representative, Telephilippines Davao

• Purposive Communication is a three-unit course that develops students'

communicative competence and enhances their cultural and

intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks that provide them

opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a

multicultural audience in a local or global context. It equips students

with tools for critical evaluation of a variety of texts and focuses on

the power of language and the impact of images to emphasize the

importance of conveying messages responsibly.

Course Learning Outcomes:

• Obtain new insights and perspectives about

communication in terms of its nature, principles,

process and ethics.

• Produce an output that exemplifies and reflects the

principles, values and ethics of multicultural

communication in writing and speaking through the use

of technology.

• Show appreciation of the differences of the varities of

spoken and written language and their impact on the

society and the world.

• What is your

understanding about the

Course Description:

Purposive

Communication?

Question:

•What are your

expectations from the

class?

Question:

• How did you able to

surpass challenges in

your life as a student

despite of the New

Normal?

Learning Outcomes:

• Discuss the broad concept of communication process via Google Meet.

• Know the flow of transmitting thought from one person to another pertaining to communication process by researching a diagram of communication models.

Communication is simply the act of

transferring information from one

place, person or group to another.

Communication is more than the exchange

of thoughts, feelings, expressions and

observations among people; it builds human

relationships. The only way for people to

understand each other is through

communication.

n

Categories of Communication

Spoken or Verbal Communication, which includes face-to-

face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

Non-Verbal Communication, covering body language,

gestures, how we dress or act, where we stand, and even our scent.

Written Communication: which includes letters, e-mails,

social media, books, magazines, the Internet and other media.

Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other

visualizations can all communicate messages.

Elements of Communication

• The Sender (or the speaker) holds an idea that needs to

be conveyed as a message in oral form influenced by

experiences, knowledge, skills, situation, purpose and

attitude toward self and the listener. The sender’s goal

is to transfer the message by all means.

Encoding Messages

All messages must be encoded into a form that

can be conveyed by the communication channel

chosen for the message.

Successful encoding of messages for the audience and

channel is a vital skill in effective communication.

An effective communicator understands their audience, chooses an appropriate communication channel,

hones their message to this channel and encodes the message to

reduce misunderstanding by the receiver(s).

They will also seek out feedback from the receiver(s) as to

how the message is understood and attempt to correct any

misunderstanding or confusion as soon as possible.

Receivers can use techniques such

as Clarification and Reflection as effective ways to ensure

that the message sent has been understood correctly.

• The Receiver (or the listener) decodes the conveyed message.

He/She filters the message based on his/her frame of

reference, which includes the level of knowledge about the

subject, language proficiency, experiences, values and attitudes.

Decoding Messages

Once received, the recipient needs to decode the message.

Successful decoding is also a vital communication skill.

This will depend on their experience and understanding of the context

of the message, how well they know the sender, their psychological state

and how they feel, and the time and place of receipt. They may also be

affected by any Barriers to Communication which might be present.

There are therefore a wide range of factors that will affect decoding and understanding.

• The Message is any idea delivered by the sender to the

receiver. A message can be in verbal form (i.e. ,written or

spoken words, sign language, e-mail, text messages, phone

calls, snail-mail, sky-writing, etc.) and with non-verbal

content (e.g., body movement and gestures, eye contact,

artifacts and clothing, vocal variety, touch, timing, etc.)

• The Channel is the medium or means through which the

message is transmitted. The primary channels in face-to-face

communication are sound and sight. Public announcements

and advertisements are commonly sent through radio,

television, Internet, newspapers and magazines. Other

channels communicate nonverbal messages through the use of

other human senses such as touching, smelling and tasting.

• The Noise is also known as the barrier that affects the message from

being sent, received or understood. Noise is classified in the following

forms:

a. Physical Noise is the noise from the environment such as beeping

cars, talking people, ringing phones, barking dogs, etc.

b. Semantic Noise is the different understanding of the meaning of

the message sent which considers language, culture or handwriting.

c. Psychological Noise depends on one’s concept or mentality towards

the message or the speaker such as prejudices, narrow mindedness

and biases.

• The Context (or the situation) is the time and place in

which communication occurs. Communication adapts

to the setting. For example, the language of the

students in the classroom is quite different from the

language they use at home.

• The Feedback is the receiver’s message that he/she

sends to the source in response to the sender’s message

. Feedback can be in the form of verbal or non-

verbal response.

Communication Models

A model is a visual representation of the communication

process to understand clearly the roles of each element.

3 Models of Communication

• Linear

• Interactive

• Transactional

Linear Communication Model

a. It is a unidirectional model.

b. It presents a simple communication act.

c. It involves persuasion, not mutual understanding.

d. It values psychological effects over social effects.

Interactive Communication Model

This model recognizes the involvement of more than

one participant at the same time using two-

directional communication known as “feedback loop”.

Schramm (1954, as cited in Whaley & Samter, 2013) proposed continuous

loop (interactive model) with communicators simultaneously sending and

receiving messages. Westley and Mac Lean (1957, as cited in Whaley &

Samter, 2013) produced a corrected version of the linear model including

feedback loops. Lastly, Berlo (1967, 1977, as cited in Whaley & Samter,

2013) finally imposed the notion that communication cannot be isolated or

separated from other events.

Transactional Communication Model

The transaction model generates social expectancies in

communal, relative, and ethnic contexts among

communicators. Here, the exchange of messages creates

relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape self-concepts

and engage with others in dialogue to create communities.

The roles of sender and receiver in the transaction model of

communication differ significantly from the other models.

Thus, the transaction model encourages both the sender and

receiver to communicate simultaneously.

The Transactional Model is a more complex understanding

of communication because it considers social, relational and

cultural contexts and their influence to the communication.

a. Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms

that guide communication.

b. Relational context involves the social history and

relationship between/among people.

c. Cultural context incorporates the aspects of human identity

specifically the sexual characteristics, ethnic group, way of

life, sexual orientation, social class and skill.

The desired outcome or goal

of any communication process

is mutual understanding.

You can always ask! You may be unsure if a message has been successfully received and

decoded, especially if you do not get much feedback from the

recipient. If so, you can always ask!

A quick question is a good start, for example:

“Is that OK?” or “Are you clear about that?”

If you want more detailed feedback or to check that the recipient

has really understood, you might say something like:

“So, let’s just run over that one more time. I think I am going to

do x, and you are going to do y. Is that your understanding too?”

Being able to communicate

effectively is the most

important of all life skills.

• Do you agree that language is dynamic? Explain.

• What is Communication?

• Why do we need to know Communication Models?