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The Cultural Landscape by RubensteinUNIT 2: POPULATION & MIGRATION

CHAPTER 2Key Issue 1: Where is the World’s Population Distributed?Pages 45-49

***Always keep your key term packet out whenever you take notes from Rubenstein. As the terms come up in the text, think through the significance of the term.

1. The world’s population is highly clustered, or concentrated in certain regions. FOUR major population concentrations are identified in the text. Shade and label the areas of these concentrations on the map in red. TWO smaller concentrations, or emerging clusters, are also identified. Shade and label these areas on the map in blue.


2. In the boxes below, make note of significant facts, features, countries involved, and characteristics of the four most important population concentrations and two secondary ones.

EAST ASIA SOUTH ASIA

SOUTHEAST ASIA EUROPE EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

WEST AFRICA

3. Define ecumene:

4. What would non-ecumene mean?


5. In the table below, list the four “lands” which are sparsely populated on earth. For each region, explain the reason which makes it inhospitable for human habitation.

Sparsely Populated Land Reason(s) for Inhospitality

Dry Lands

Wet Lands

Cold Lands

High Lands

6. Use the maps on page 47 to prepare a sketch map that shows non-ecumene and very sparsely inhabited lands.

7. Define arithmetic density:

8. Define physiological density:


9. What occurs when the rate of physiological density increases?

10. Define agricultural density:

Key Issue 2: Why Is Global Population Increasing?Pages 50-55

1. Define crude birth rate (CBR):

2. Define crude death rate (CDR):

3. Define natural increase rate (NIR):

4. What is the NIR today? (Use Wikipedia to find the most recent data.)

5. Define doubling time:

6. In what world regions is most growth occurring?

7. Define total fertility rate (TFR):

8. What is the global “average” TFR? (Use Wikipedia to find the most recent data.)

9. What correlations can you make regarding the rates and locations of the global “highs and lows” in TFR?

10. The shape of a pyramid is primarily determined by what demographic rate?


11. What is the dependency ratio?

12. What age groups are categorized as “dependent”?

13. What does the “graying” of a population refer to?

14. What is the sex ratio?

15. What types of countries/regions are likely to have more males than females? What correlations can you make? What is the “so what”?

Key Issue 3: Why Does Population Growth Vary Among Regions?Pages 56-63

* This is an ESSENTIAL KEY ISSUE!!!! You will be required to draw and explain the DTM!!!!! You will also need to be able to read population pyramids and connect them to stages of the DTM!*

1. The demographic transition is a ________________________ with several

___________________ and every __________________________ is in one of the stages.


2. Fill in the chart below with characteristics describing each stage in the demographic transition model (CBR, CDR, NIR, etc.). Characterize the amount of growth of each stage (low, high, decreasing (aka moderate) etc.).

Demographic Transition ModelStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

3. In the chart below, which represents the four stages of demographic transition, identify the country and where it is located which is in that stage and briefly describe how it got to that stage. Use the DTM samples and population pyramids on pages 56-57 to help you with this.

Stages of the Demographic Transition ModelStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

No country in stage 1

4. How many countries are in each of the following stages of demographic transition? For stages 2-4, list 5 countries in each stage. (Use Wikipedia!)

a. Stage 1?

b. Stages 2 and 3?

c. Stage 4?


5. In what sense can we say that the first break came to different world regions for different reasons and in different ways?

a. It came to Europe and North America…

b. It came to Africa, Asia, and Latin America…

6. The CBR has declined rapidly since 1990. Identify the two strategies that have been successful in reducing birth rates and explain why they have been successful.

a.

b.

7. Complete the table below to describe the views/theories of various population theorists:

Thomas Malthus Neo-Malthusians Critics of Malthus

8. Where has Malthus’s theory proven right?


9. In what ways was Malthus mistaken?

10. Examine Japan’s population:a. How is Japan’s population expected to change by 2050?

b. Why is this expected to happen?

c. Why is it problematic for Japan?

11. Identify the two “big breaks” in the demographic transition and their causes.a. The first break…

b. The second break…

12. What would characterize a possible stage 5 of the DTM?

13. In the chart below, summarize/bullet key points of India’s and China’s population policiesIndia China


Key Issue 4: Why Do Some Regions Face Health Threats?Pages 64-73

1. What is epidemiologic transition?

2. Complete the table below with notes on the stages of epidemiologic transition:

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Possible Stage 5

3. Two important indicators of health in a country are infant mortality rate (IMR) and life expectancy.

a. Define infant mortality rate:

b. Define life expectancy:

4. How are these mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing worlds?


5. Compare and contrast reasons for variations in health care between developed and developing countries.

CHAPTER 3: MIGRATIONKey Issue 1: Where Are Migrants Distributed?Pages78-83

***Always keep your key term packet out whenever you take notes from Rubenstein. As the terms come up in the text, think through the significance of the term.

1. Define immigration:

2. Define emigration:

3. Using figure 3-1, briefly state what one would expect to occur, in terms of migration, in each stage of the demographic transition model, as it is applied to a migration transition.

MIGRATION TRANSITIONAs Applied to the Demographic Transition Model

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 & 4

4. What are Ravenstein’s two laws for distance in relation of migrants?

5. Migration may be classified as either international or internal. What is the difference?


6. What types of push factors are usually responsible for voluntary migration?

7. What types of push factors are usually responsible for forced migration (refugees)?

8. Define interregional migration:9. Define intraregion migration:

10. Read the section, International Migration Patterns on page 81, and then make 5 summary statements regarding global migration patterns.

11. Finish this statement: The world’s third most populous country (the U.S.) is inhabited overwhelmingly by…

12. In what stage of the Demographic Transition are most countries that send out immigrants? (Think this through…)


13. Annotate the graph below from your reading of pages 82-83. Be sure to label all “peaks” and “valleys” (as indicated by arrows) as to where immigrants came from during that time or why there was a decline in immigration.

14. What are the three countries that sent out the most immigrants from Asia in recent years?

15. What caused immigration from Latin America to the United States to increase?

16. Although the reasons people leave their countries to immigrate to the U.S. have not changed over time, what has changed here in the U.S.?

Key Issue 2: Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?Pages 84-91

1. What is the most famous example of large-scale interregional migration in the U.S.?

2. What is the “population center” (see Figure 3-9)?


3. What was the first intervening obstacle which hindered American settlement of the interior of the continent?

4. What developments in transportation eventually encouraged settlement to the Mississippi?

5. Why was settlement of the Great Plains slow to come with settlers passing it by for California and the west coast?

6. How did the railroads encourage settlement of the American interior?

7. For what two reasons have people been migrating to the South in recent years?

8. Use the chart on page 85 to calculate the net growth or loss of U.S. regions for 2010. Name the region on the map and place the appropriate number in each region.


9. Make appropriate notes in the chart below on 5 specific examples/case studies of interregional migration.

Russia

Where? Why?

How?

Canada

Where? Why?

How?

China

Where? Why?

How?


Brazil

Where? Why?

How?

10. Define/describe each of the following terms, and summarize a single, important fact about its occurrence in the U.S.

Urbanization Suburbanization CounterurbanizationDefinition

Significant Factin U.S.


Key Issue 3: Why Do People Migrate?Pages 92-95

1. What are push factors and pull factors?

2. Complete the chart below with specific examples of push and pull factors and where people are being pushed from and pulled to.

Push Factors Pull Factors

Political

Environmental

Economic

3. Define guest worker:


4. Explain why China and Southwest Asia are major destinations for migrants.

Key Issue 4: Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles?Pages 96-103

1. Define intervening obstacle:

2. Briefly describe the role of physical geography in examining intervening obstacles and migration.

3. Briefly describe the role of transportation in examining intervening obstacles and migration.

4. Briefly describe the role of political concerns/laws in examining intervening obstacles and migration.

5. What did the Quota Act (1921) and the National Origins Act (1924) do?

6. How did they favor immigration from certain regions?

7. How did the Immigration Act of 1965 change the existing quota laws?

8. How was immigration law changed in 1978? And presently?

9. U.S. immigration law gives preferences to groups. Identify those preferences.

10. Define brain drain:


11. Define chain migration:

12. What are undocumented immigrants?

13. Where do most undocumented immigrants in the U.S. come from?

14. Complete the following chart from the reading about migrants.

Characteristics of Migrants

Gender

Age

Education

Complete the following chart about the four major elements of immigration law in the U.S.

Immigration LawBorder Patrol

Workplace

Civil Rights

Local Initiatives


15. As you read pages 100-103, complete the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast attitudes in the U.S. and Europe toward immigrants.

U.S. Attitudes Toward Immigrants European Attitudes Toward Guest Workers

16. Discuss the impact of Europeans emigrating around the world.

17. What is the possible impact of the Syrian migration into Europe?

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