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AIMA Journal of Management & Research, May 2014, Volume 8 Issue 2/4, ISSN 0974 – 497 Copy right© 2014 AJMR-AIMA

MAPPING PERCEPTIONS OF CFS

MANAGER’S BEHAVIOUR ON SAFETY

TRAINING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ACROSS

GUJARAT

Mohammad Iqbal Zaffar Ansari Research Scholar, Controller of Explosives in Petroleum and Explosives Safety

Organisation (PESO)

&

Mohammad Israrul Haque Professor,Chairman, Deptt. of Business Administration, Aligarh Muslim University

Abstract: Safety is and always will be of paramount importance in everything we do at

management. Our motto shall be “SAFETY FIRST” as accidents can happen, accidents have happened and

accidents will happen, but reducing the risk of accident through safety training is a sine-quo-non and has to

be made a theme for achieving sustainable organizational growth in India by next decade. In order to

develop the available human resources employed in this domain, there exists a need of understanding the

role of Behavior Based Safety Training for capacity building of CFS managers, safety professionals and

law enforcing officials, for achieving safe and accident free working environment, maintaining an injury

free work place and reducing risk of disasters, where people can live and work together fearlessly from the

present era of living and working dangerously. This calls for leapfrogging to emerging innovative strategies

and systematic training through Behaviour Based Safety process, from the perspective of the safety of

human resources, their risk management, and by enforcing statutes to achieve the zero tolerance on

accidents. This research study was undertaken at six districts of Gujarat namely, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar,

Surat, Valsad, Vadodara and Rajkot, where more numbers of NGVs were plying with an objective to

explore the perceptions of CFS manager’s behaviour on safety training, to measure their level of awareness

and to gauge the benefits of safety training. The respondents were mainly comprised of CFS managers and

or owners of the clean fuels stations, managing the services of compressed natural gas refueling facilities at

their respective clean fuels stations. The structured non-disguised questionnaire, designed as Research

Instrument for collection of required primary data, was first coded with respect to important safety

criterions and then served by verbatim translating into vernacular local Gujarati language to help the

respondents to better understand and to respond to it correctly. Six demographic factors were determined to

measure the selected constructs responsible for gathering the information based on opinion of selected

respondents on safety criterions in order to explore, identify, analyze, evaluate and report on various

multiple influences caused on learning behaviour and training process as well as their beliefs, intentions,

and attitudes of selected CFS managers towards Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) training drawn randomly,

in the absence of exhaustive list of available respondents across the state of Gujarat. The major findings

based upon the data analysis reveal that BBS Training is a very useful tool to increase actively caring

behaviours of respondents and it may be used to spread knowledge, skills and attitude, required for

improving safety, reducing at-risk behaviours of others to avoid accidents and build around a strong safety

culture. This study will certainly create new avenues and future positions for HR Managers to show their

capabilities in training the available human resources.


Key Words: Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV), Green Concept, Carbon Credit, Greenhouse Gases, Air

Pollution Level, Environment Friendly, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Clean Fuel Station (CFS), City

Gas Distribution (CGD) Network, Safety Culture, Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) Training, Critical

Behaviour Checklist (CBC), Overall Behaviour (OB), Training Benefits (TB), Operational Awareness

(AO), Safety Measures (SM), Safety Norms (SN), Refueling Recommendations (RR), Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) and Human Resource Management System (HRMS).

Introduction:

This study deals with an important aspect of Clean Fuels Business, hither to neglected for

long; this Green Concept is getting more popular now as it does not increase the carbon

concentration in the atmosphere and improves Carbon Credit. Clean Fuel is basically

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), which is a fossil fuel and mainly composed of Methane.

CNG is more environmentally clean as its combustion produces less Greenhouse Gases

and is much safer alternative to other fuels. CNG being Compressed at high pressure for

automotive use, it requires trained manpower to store and distribution in cylinders fitted

with internal combustion engines of Auto-rickshaw, Bus, Car and LCV Tempo-truck etc.

In response to high fuel prices and increasing global environmental concerns, the

Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) are increasingly used in developing and developed

countries. Worldwide there were more than 15 million NGVs by 2011, plying in Iran,

Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil, Latin America, Europe, North America and Asia Pacific

Region especially in India, where National Capital Region (NCR) Delhi and other large

cities Like Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat, Baroda, Rajkot, Lucknow, Kanpur, Agra,

Indore and Hyderabad are using public transportation vehicles with clean fuels to reduce

the Air Pollution Level. The foremost example is of DTC, who is operating the world

largest NGV fleet.

India have the fifth highest number of CNG vehicles in the word after Iran, Pakistan,

Argentina and Brazil and to cater the need of providing trained and skilled manpower to

handle the issue safely, this empirical study on Behaviour Based Safety Training in Clean

Fuel Stations, was undertaken by the researcher in the State of Gujarat, India. The study

mainly consists of the broad framework of the adopted research methodologies, its

objectives, scope and coverage, hypothesis, sampling decisions, representative samples,

and source of information, Instruments used for data collection, its limitation parts,

findings, conclusions marketing implications and recommendations. Behaviour Based

Safety Training in Clean Fuel Stations is required for achieving safe working

environment, maintaining an injury free work place and reducing risk of accidents for

achieving the ultimate goal of sustainable organizational growth for City Gas Distribution

(CGD) companies engaged in retailing of clean fuels by dispensing Compressed Natural

Gas (CNG) to automotive vehicles and promoting it as most environment friendly fuel

of this era.

Literature Survey:

In the Year 1931 H.W Heinrich estimated that 88% of all near hits and workplace injuries

results from the unsafe act and later it was tested empirically and now known as “The

Heinrich Triangle” It suggest that, the ratio between near miss incidents, minor injuries


and major injuries as 300 : 29 : 1. Therefore it is important to investigate the near hits in

order to reduce future minor and major injuries because of the fact that the 300:30 ratio of

near miss to Injury is referred to as a “Heinrich- Law” (1980). To understand Behavioural

Safety Training, theoretically, it is necessary to learn first about the learning concepts

required for establishing safety process in the organization. In early days, Kirkpatrick

(1959), in transforming learning to behavior describes four levels of training to improve

performance, namely: Reaction, Learning, Behaviour, and Results. For managing change

effectively, a seven step systematic approach has to be adopted, first need or desire for

change environment has to be determined, then a tentative implementation plan has to be

prepared and analysed for probable reactions, then a final decision has to be made by

establishing a time table and communicating the change for its effective implementation

(Kirkpatrick, D L 1959). Then P. Balanchard, (1986) described the Behaviour Modeling

Process, which was found useful for providing almost all types of skill trainings such as

training in Interpersonal Skills, Sales Training, Interviewee and Interviewer Training,

Safety Training, and for many other areas. This method was based on Albert Bandura’s

(1977) Social Learning Theory and was focused on developing behavioural skills only;

its initial steps reflects the Cognitively oriented approach and later steps follow the

Behaviorist and Reinforcement approaches (P.Balanchard, 1986).

Frank E. Bird (1997) added that the ratio of 600: 30 : 10 : 1, between near hits, property

damage, minor and major injuries on a wider scale as property damage is a physical trace

of an accident and the precursor of an injury and remnant witness of the fatal inferno. The

Behavoiur that contributed to a property damage incident was likely unintentional human

error. Therefore failure to report such property damage intentionally may be treated as

highest degree of disregard to Safety. In recent years, E Scott Geller’s (2001) name is

most popular one, who had described the concepts of Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) by

understanding the Psychology of People responsible for ensuring safety in the

organization.

Later, Christopher A Janicak, (2002) has described the tools and techniques for

measuring the Safety Performance of an individual and of an organisation. A total safety

culture mission requires a vision for behaviour management, and continual attention for

improvement through actively caring people, which can target three factors, namely

Person, Behaviour and Environment, responsible for influencing the safety culture of the

organization (Geller E Scott, 2005). Behaviour Based Safety Training requires a visible

presence and full management support with an open communication down the line for its

effective launching in the organization (Kaila H L, 2006). The positive impact of training

on intermediate results of knowledge scores, and on job skill evaluation scores has been

consistently observed on the increased productivity and the business performance of the

service industry, the positive impact of training on increase in learning of an individual in

a training programme, while working in a learning organization can be significantly

observed on business performance (Haque M I, 2007). Before launch of Behaviour Based

Safety programme in organizations, training exposure to all employees is essentially

envisaged, and an introductory workshop of two days duration should be called to include


the following components of behavioural safety. Psychology of behavioural safety, its

myths, its working, and its outcome, its implementations, its observations and feedback

process, and the roles of managers in developing behavioural safety culture must be

covered in detail (Kaila H L, 2009). Dr P T Shah (2010), In his article, Safety

Consciousness; A self Motivation for Productivity suggest that Expenditure in Safety is

investment for production, Safety consciousness contribute towards safety assurance,

which increases confidence and team building and motivate a person to produce more

and faster. Over confidence may be disastrous as safety is not a onetime affair, it has to

be reviewed constantly through inbuilt organizational system, and regular training of

workman’s may be one of the safe guards which can meet this need (P T Shah, 2010).

Therefore by identifying this research gap, the researcher is of the opinion that further

research study in this area has to be well supported by the Premium Business Schools and

Educational Training Research Institutes for sustainable business development. It is nice

to note that, BBS training process has already started in our country as well, and we are

getting good results out of it. However, it is a matter of great concern, that India has a

pool of only eleven numbers of recognized, Certified Safety Professionals (CSP) till 27th

Nov 2012 (www.bcsp.org).

Research Objectives: Aim of this research study was to explore, identify, analyze, evaluate and report on

multiple influences caused on learning behaviour and training process as well as beliefs,

intentions, and attitudes of selected CFS managers of clean fuel station towards

Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) training drawn randomly from amongst the Operating

Clean Fuel Stations located in the Selected Cities of the six districts of the State of

Gujarat. The major objective of the research study was focused on Respondents

representing selected CFS managers of clean fuel station.

Objective: 01

To gather information on CFS manager’s opinion about their Overall Behaviour (OB),

while working at CFS in selected cities.

Objective: 02

To explore the perception of CFS manager’s about Safety Measures (SM) at CFS in

selected cities.

Objective: 03

To explore the perception of CFS manager’s about Safety Norms (SN) at CFS in selected

cities.

Objective: 04

To measure the level of awareness of CFS manager’s about Awareness of Operations

(AO) at CFS in selected cities.

Objective: 05

To gauge the Training Benefits (TB) of CFS manager’s working at CFS in selected cities.

Objective: 06


To map the attitude of CFS manager’s about their Refueling Recommendation (RR)

given to visiting drivers at CFS in selected cities.

Prime Respondents of the Research:

The Clean Fuel Station Managers and or Owner of Clean Fuel Stations were considered

as prime respondents for the purpose of this research study, as they were mainly

responsible for managing and providing Compressed Natural Gas refueling services for

automotive vehicles arriving at Clean Fuel Station.

In general there are four different types of Clean Fuel Stations e.g. On-Line CNG Station,

On-Line CNG Mother Station, CNG Daughter Station and CNG Daughter Booster

Station. All are well equipped to provide safe CNG refueling services for Natural Gas

Vehicles, arriving at CFS.

Research Hypotheses:

The following research hypotheses were formulated for Manager Respondents of each

types of Clean Fuel Station (CFS), managing refueling services for visiting NGVs i.e.

Auto- Rickshaw, Bus, Car and LCVs such as Tempo, Truck etc at their respective CFS.

Hypothesis: 01

H0: Significant differences do not exist in the mean scores of opinion of CFS

manager’s in terms of their Overall Behaviour (OB) at CFS with respect to

selected cities.

H1: Significant differences exist in the mean scores of opinion of CFS manager’s in

terms of their Overall Behaviour (OB) at CFS with respect to selected cities.

Hypothesis: 02 H0: Significant differences do not exist in the mean scores of opinion of CFS

manager’s in terms of Safety Measures (SM) at CFS with respect to selected

cities.


terms of Safety Measures (SM) at CFS with respect to selected cities.


manager’s in terms of Safety Norms (SN) at CFS with respect to selected cities.


terms of Safety Norms (SN) at CFS with respect to selected cities.


manager’s in terms of Awareness of Operations (AO) at CFS with respect to

selected cities.


terms of Awareness of Operations (AO) at CFS with respect to selected cities.

Hypothesis: 05


H0: Significant differences do not exist in the mean scores of opinion of CFS

manager’s in terms of Training Benefits (TB) at CFS with respect to selected

cities.


terms of Training Benefits (TB) at CFS with respect to selected cities.


manager’s in terms of Recommendations for Refueling (RR) at CFS with respect

to selected cities.


terms of Recommendations for Refueling (RR) at CFS with respect to selected

cities.

Research Methodologies Adopted:

The structured non-disguised questionnaire, designed as Research Instrument for

collection of required primary data, was first coded with respect to important safety

criterions and then used for undertaking a pilot study. This was conducted locally on 30

respondents of the selected CFS locations of Vadodara City. Based upon the findings, Six

Criterions namely Overall Behaviour (OB), Training Benefits (TB), Awareness of

Operation (AO), Safety Measures (SM), Safety Norms (SN), and Recommendation for

Refueling (RR), were finally selected for conducting this research Study. The

questionnaire was also given to the industry experts as well as to two Professors, one

each of MSU Baroda and AMU Aligarh for offering their comments. The comments

received were incorporated. The minor suggestions were carried out in the designed

Research Instrument before it was finally served. Three different sets of questionnaires

were prepared for each type of the respondents in English and the same was also

verbatim translated in vernacular local Gujarati language to help respondents to better

understand and to respond to it. The researcher has used Critical Behaviour Checklist

(CBC) method for preparation of the detailed questionnaire for collection of responses

from all prime respondents of CFS, and collected opinion on safe refueling practices

being adopted, during dispensing of CNG to the automotive vehicles arriving at Clean

Fuel Stations (CFS).

The outcomes were tested for its validity and reliability. On computing the Cronbach’s

Reliability Alpha Coefficient and measuring the Convergent Validity Scores for all group

indicators together, it was found to be more then 0.6, which confirms the internal

reliability of the Scale used and thus validated the Research Instrument, “as in the early

stages of research on predicted test or hypothesized measures of a construct, one saves

time and energy by working with instruments that have only modest Reliability, for

which purpose reliabilities of 0.60 or 0.50 will suffice” (p.226) Nunnally, J.C. (1978).

Sampling Decisions:


The Non - Probability Sampling Design was applied based up on the Simple Random

Sampling (SRS) Methods for Convenience Drawing of samples from the current

population of the selected Clean Fuel Station (CFS) amongst the Selected Cities of State

of Gujarat. It was observed that, population of interest i.e. CFS Managers were generally

managing all 4 types of CFS, available in the state for refueling of visiting NGVs,

comprised of Auto Rickshaw, Bus, Car, and LCV/ Mini Truck/ Tempo etc. Thus sample

from each segment was taken accordingly, i.e. from each type and all groups of the

respective respondents for getting the better precision.

However, in the absence of exhaustive list of available respondents across the state of

Gujarat, the Primary Data were collected personally in the months of July and August in

the year 2011, from the total number of 73 respondents who were either manager or

owner of CFS and providing CNG refueling services through their CFSs located in the

selected cities comprising of six district of the State of Gujarat, India. The selection of

Districts were based on the fact that, on 15/04/2011, there were 240 numbers of CFS,

operating in the state of Gujarat, at the time of collection of primary data, and responses

from 73 numbers of CFS Managers were Randomly collected through Structured Non-

disguised Questionnaire printed both in English as well as local regional Gujarati

language for ease of better understanding of the subject. The procedures adopted with the

aim to cover the entire population of 240 numbers of available CFS in the state of

Gujarat, operating at the time of collection of primary data. As all these population of

operating CFS were found geographical distributed and were located in North, South,

East and West Districts of Gujarat with an average population of 60 numbers in each

region. Therefore it was considered to collect the primary data only from the selected

districts, operating with Highest Numbers of CFS in each pocket based on their present

population. Current Population of Clean Fuel Stations operating on 15/04/2011, in

different zones of Gujarat State, at the time of collection of Primary Data for Sample

Calculations were found as, (North=90 + South=60 + East=55 + West=35); Comprising

of total=240 Nos. of CFS. Population of Interest (POI) was comprised of the highest

numbers of operating CFS in each Zone. Ahmedabad (61) and Gandhi Nagar (13) from

North Zone, Surat (36) and Valsad (16) from South Zone, Vadodara (20) from East Zone

and Rajkot (24) from West Zone, giving a total of 170 Nos. of operating CFS selected for

collection of Primary data out of 240 Nos. of operating CFS existing in the State of

Gujarat as Population of Universe (POU). Source: http://www.peso.gov.in accessed on

16-04-2011.

In absence of exhaustive list of available respondents, an attempt was further made to

completely Randomize the Procedures adopted for collection of Primary Data. Due to

excess of Sample Frame, the services of available on line sample size calculators were

utilized for determining the correct sample size of the respondents available in the

selected districts of State of Gujarat.


Since the present population in these selected districts, at that time of collection of

Primary Data was of 170 numbers of CFS, the Sample Frame for Respondent CFS

Managers as calculated for 90% CL, 10% Error and considering 50% Response

Distribution, comes out to be minimum 53 numbers, but 73 responses were Randomly

collected from CFS Managers, who so ever were willing to respond, which also comes

out to be Approx. 30% of the total population of operating CFS Managers available at

the time of collection of Primary Data. The present population in these selected districts,

at that time of collection of Primary Data was of 170 numbers of CFS.

In this way, all the total numbers of 73 responses from CFS Managers were Randomly

drawn and considered for the purpose of Data Analysis and Interpretation, selected

respectively from the 48 numbers of operating CFS in six districts, which covers the 20%

of entire available population of CFS i.e. from 240 numbers of CFS operating in the State

of Gujarat at the time of collection of Primary Data, which were used for sampling by

applying Convenience Drawing.

In view of the available facts, regarding non availability of exhaustive list, the selected

sample size used for this research study was kept at 30 % strength of CFS Managers,

from the parent population in terms of number of CFS, that were presently in operations

in the State of Gujarat i.e. 240. Therefore the primary data was collected from the total

number of 73 CFS Managers, within the pool of selected 48 CFS locations available in

the State of Gujarat, that comes out to be 20% of available population of CFS in the State

of Gujarat. Thus, for the ease of convenience more than 30% strength of the total

population of operating CFS was considered and a total number of 73 CFS Managers

were finally selected as representative respondents evenly distributed within six selected

districts in the State of Gujarat. The selections of respondents were done randomly. It was

purely based on their willingness and availability, on that particular day and time of

visiting the selected CFS for collection of the primary data. The entire sampling was done

personally by visiting each of the CFS with effect from 01/07/2011 to 30/08/2011. It was

also patently noticed that most of the CFS Managers preferred to respond the

questionnaire translated in their local regional language i.e. Gujarati. (Please Refer

Table: 01 for details).

Discussions:

The respondents’ responses were obtained with help of the structured non-disguised

questionnaire prepared both in English as well as local Gujarati Language. On analysis of

the demographic data collected from the 73 CFS Managers indicated that majority of the

CFS Managers were of 31-45 age group, married, male, graduate or above graduate,

getting less than Rs.20,000/- per month salary and were Hindus. They were found

managing refueling services of Auto, Cars, LCV and Buses from the service providers

like CHAROTAR, ADANI, GSPC, BPCL and GAIL’s CNG retail outlets for more than

2 years but were being deputed for attending safety training only once in a year basis

(Refer Table: 04 - 04.09 for details). All the collected responses were subjected to the


reliability, validity, scale measurement, frequency distribution, factor analysis, one way

ANOVA and chi square Test using SPSS, 15.0, following were the outcomes:

1. Cronbach’s Alpha ranged from 0.686 to 0.896, and Overall Reliability Score of all

indicators together were measured as 0.940, which really shows internal reliability of

the scale for selected respondent CFS Managers (Nunnally, J.C. (1978). (Refer Table:

02 for details).

2. The Reliability Tests were applied to determine how strongly the opinions of

respondents were related to each other and to the composite Cronbach’s Alpha Scores

of all indicators together. The results were found to be more than 0.6 in all the cases

which confirms the internal reliability of the scales used on all dimensions of the

structured non disguised questionnaires prepared for measuring opinions of

respondent CFS Managers, managing selected CFSs in selected cities (Malhotra,

Naresh K. 2007; Nunnally, Jum C. 1981, and Puay Cheng Lim & Nelson, Tang K H.

2000). (Refer Table: 02 for details).

3. The computed results of Validity Test undertaken to measure the comparison of mean

scores of extent of CFS Managers’ opinion about services provided at CFS, supported

the strength of linkage between the selected criterions and full fill the conditions of

Convergent Validity thus validated the Research Instrument used for this research

study. It is seen from the findings that results are supporting the strength of linkage

between all the six statements which thus fulfill the condition of convergent validity

test (Malhotra, Naresh K. 2007; Sharma, R D. & Chahal, Hardeep. 1999;

Parasuraman et. al., 1991). (Refer Table: 03 for details).

4. Factor Analysis were also conducted to know some of the very important Safety

Criteria related to the CNG dispensing that needs further improvement for ensuring

safety at work place and reducing risk of accidents, amongst the respondent Managers

of different types of selected CFSs in selected cities. (Refer Table: 08 for details).

5. Test of Homogeneity of Variances of selected Respondents’ opinion about Selected

Safety Criterion indicated that Levine’s P value is less than 0.05 (P – value < 0.05)

that means variance of all type of CFS Managers are not equal. It was also clearly

evident that difference within the group found to be higher than difference between

the groups. Further, P value is < 0.05 that means it has significant value. So, mean of

at least one of the selected city was found different from other.

6. The average opinion of selected respondent CFS Managers’ about Safety Measures at

all selected CNG stations in selected cities, was found to be different in some of the

selected criteria, wherein average opinion of selected respondents CFS Managers’

about Safety Measures at all Selected CNG Stations was uniform with regard to other

selected items.

7. The average opinion of selected respondents CFS Managers’ about Training Benefits

at all Selected CNG Stations in selected cities, was found to be different in some of

the selected criteria, wherein average opinion of selected respondents CFS Managers’

about Training Benefits at all Selected CNG Stations was uniform with regard to

other selected items. (Refer Table: 05 for details).


8. The average opinion of selected respondents CFS Managers’ about

Recommendations for Refueling at all Selected CNG Stations in selected cities, was

found to be different in some of the selected criteria viz., I shall recommend others to

visit Clean Fuel Station, that adopts safety measures; I shall recommend others to

visit Clean Fuel Station, that comply statutory norms; and I recommend, others for

refueling from my Clean Fuel Stations for its good quality of service, wherein

average opinion of selected respondents CFS Managers’ about recommendations for

refueling at all selected CNG Stations was found uniform with regard to other

selected items. Similar types of findings were also reported on referring

recommendations in different studies on patients’ satisfaction measurement in

healthcare sector in India (Vyas, Parimal H, Pandya, Madhusudan. N and Bhatt,

Mayank. 2010).

Conclusions:

From the above discussions on data analysis using statistical software SPSS 15.0,

following conclusions can be drawn with respect to selected respondent CFS Managers of

Clean Fuel Stations of selected cities in the state of Gujarat:

1. It can be inferred from the above findings based upon the data analysis of Frequency

Counts of Important Training Benefits of Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) Training of

selected respondent CFS Managers of selected Clean Fuel Stations that, there exists a

need to further improve upon of some of the very important Safety Criteria. (Refer

Table: 05-08 for details).

2. The Reliability Test was applied to determine how strongly the opinions of

respondents were related to each other and to the composite Cronbach’s Alpha Scores

of all indicators together. The results were found to be greater than 0.6 in all the cases

which confirms the internal reliability of the scales used on all dimensions of the

structured non disguised questionnaires prepared for measuring opinions of CFS

Managers of selected CFSs in selected cities.

3. The Validity Test of the structured questionnaire prepared for measuring opinions of

CFS Managers of selected cities, were undertaken to measure the comparison of

mean scores of extent of CFS Managers’ opinion about services provided at CFS, the

computed results on selected rating scales supported the strength of linkage between

the selected criterions and full fill the conditions of Convergent Validity thus

validated the Research Instrument used for this research study. (Refer Table: 02-03

for details).

4. Factor Analysis also suggests some of the very important Safety Criteria related to the

CNG dispensing that needs further improvement for ensuring safety at work place

and reducing risk of accidents, amongst the different respondent CFS Managers in the

selected cities.

5. The Test of Homogeneity of CFS Managers’ opinions on the selected criterions

mostly indicated the Levine’s P value as less than 0.05, that means variances are not

equal amongst selected CFS Managers of CFS in selected cities as it has a significant


value, therefore the mean scores of opinion of CFS Managers’ of one city was found

to be different from other.

6. All six Demographic variables of respondents namely their age, marital status,

gender, educational qualification, monthly income and religion were selected for

cross tabulations to interpret the results with respect to selected CFSs in selected

cities for analysis of primary data collected through the research instrument. The total

response counts for overall training benefits of CFS Managers were reported lowest

in north Gujarat i.e. in Gandhinagar, followed by Surat and Valsad, where as

Vadodara, scored the highest frequency, followed by Ahmedabad and Rajkot Districts

of Gujarat State. (Refer Table: 05 for details).

7. The detailed analysis of the primary data with respect to six selected criteria shows

significant variation amongst different respondents of different districts on important

safety issues like operational awareness, safety measures and safety norms, which

indicated that lack of knowledge and skill persist amongst the respondents CFS

Managers of different cities as their responses were not found equal on critical safety

issue. Thus undoubtedly they requires Behaviour Based Safety Training to improve

upon their overall behaviour to gain the maximum training benefit in terms of

reducing the chances accidents during refueling of CNG at their respective CFS

located in different cities. Their actively caring behaviour also improves safety at

work place and at the same time attracts other customers to revisit the CFS, due to

increased refueling recommendations of the respondents. (Refer Table: 06-07 for

details).

8. The Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) Training is thus a very useful tool to increase

actively caring behaviours of respondents CFS Managers and it may be used to

spread knowledge skills and attitude, required for improving safety and reducing at-

risk behaviours of others to avoid accidents.

Limitations:

This study was conducted with the following assumptions and limitations in the state of

Gujarat.

1. This research study was focused on only those Clean Fuel Stations (CFS) located in

the selected six districts of the State of Gujarat therefore; the findings cannot be

generalized across all the other states of INDIA due to its geographical as well as

demographical limitations. The entire research study was limited to the respondents

of only six numbers of selected districts situated in the state of Gujarat e.g. Metro city

Ahmedabad, tier two cities of Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot, tier three cities of

Gandhinagar, and Valsad, and other selected towns of these districts of the state of

Gujarat.

2. This research study was conducted for specific time duration, which might have

influenced the results up to some extent. Instead of entire population, only

representative samples were covered under this research study from the available time

and convenience of the researcher. Due to emerging populations of CGD companies


operating at the time of collection of primary data within the demographic area of the

states of Gujarat, all the factors influencing their training decisions and selection of

appropriate training methodologies individually by them at CFS was not covered in

detail.

3. The researcher was not able to find any published literature analyzing role and impact

of Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) Training, its content, objective, methods, and other

design parameters concerning the safety of various personals engaged in managing

and refueling operation of Natural Gas Vehicles arriving at Clean Fuel Stations (CFS)

in INDIA.

4. The researcher has studied only the learning process, training practices and its

relationship on Safe Behavior of an individual at Clean Fuel Station (CFS). It is

suggested that further research should include more personal as well as location

variables.

5. The application of Social Learning Theory (SLT) was not explored in detail to

correlate it, with safety aspects associated with refueling of CNG in automotive

vehicles at Clean Fuel Station (CFS) due to limited resources.

6. This study proceeded with the assumption that the questionnaire on different

parameters will elicit a forth right response from the different types of respondents

available at Clean Fuel Stations (CFS). The hurdles faced by the researcher were the

“Can Not Say”, “Don’t Know”, “Undecided”, “Neutral”, and “No Opinion” response

options were received from the surveying samples or respondents. Thus possibility

that, due to their reserved or biased opinion, the CFS Managers, of Clean Fuel

Station’s (CFS) might not have revealed the exact facts to the researcher.

7. The private operators of Clean Fuel Station (CFS) might not have fully disclosed the

profiles and behavioural aspects of their personnel, who were engaged in filling

operations in detail.

8. Lastly since the researcher is a working professional, a public servant and was also

the inspecting authority for the clean fuel station operating in the state of Gujarat at

the time of administration of questionnaire used for collection of primary data, he was

in fact forcibly bounded by the Central Government’s civil code of conduct, different

provisions of safety rules and other regulatory statutes, which certainly have its own

limitations too.

Business Implications:

This research study shall contribute to the CFS Manager’s learning behaviour and

training decisions, apart from its contribution to the existing academic theories on BBS

training processes. This research shall add to the literature on learning behaviour and

training methodologies, through the survey of the influence of the selected factors on the

beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of the CFS Managers managing the CFS. Identification

and measurement of the personal variables, beliefs and attitudes shall be able to help the

establishment and legislation of customized training programs, like BBS Training, its

implementations shall be made mandatory for all the CGD companies operating CFS.


The results of this research study shall help to identify a suitable type of training that

affects the choice and training decision process for enrolling to a particular type of safety

training called BBS. Its results shall contribute to the formulation of the better training

strategies for the CFS Managers.

The area of significance of this research studies includes not only learning and its

applications but also extends to the disciplines of training behaviour as well as strategies

adapted by service providers of Clean Fuel Stations, for Clean Fuel Consumers, Clean

Fuel Retailers, Clean Fuel Station Managers, Clean Fuel Station Operators and NGV

Drivers visiting Clean Fuel Stations. This study is also very significant for several

reasons in relation to both learning theories and behaviour based safety training

applications and will certainly provide a safe work place culture and evergreen and clean

business environment for all the stake holders of this emerging sun rise sector of India in

near future. The respective objectives of this research study shall help the service

providers of Clean Fuel Station (CFS) in better understanding the role of certain selected

variables or factors in selecting and implementing the Behaviour Based Safety (BBS)

training process. It will help them in attaining zero accidents at work place and more

accident free man-hours at the various stages of CNG retailing operations. This research

study shall also be an add providers in recognizing the role of the HR Managers about

their safety training decisions in relation to their attendant’s behaviour, while refueling

the Clean Fuel Products for safe and clean environment as part of CSR charter of their

organisation.

Thus, as part of the organizational Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives for

nurturing and promoting the brand image of supplying CGD Company in the society, and

as part of their marketing strategies to stay ahead of their rivals for competitive advantage

and sustainable development in all fields through operational effectiveness and superior

performance on variety of services offered for delightedness of customers availing

services of a Clean Fuel Stations, it is necessary to implement the Behaviour Based

Safety (BBS) training process. To manage this sunrise sector in generation next, effective

training strategies and better HR Practices has to be adopted in the interest of society,

environment and social responsibility. To be fully compliant to the government rules and

regulations, licensing authorities instructions, labour legislation, environment protection,

occupational safety and health administration, the clean fuel stations has to develop an

effective Human Resource Management System (HRMS) for managing their day-

today affairs. This will create new avenues and future positions for HR Managers to show

their capabilities in training the available human resources and marketing the clean fuel

products and offer variety of services up to the delightedness of their customers, i.e. NGV

Drivers arriving at Clean Fuel Stations (CFS) for refueling of their automotive vehicles.

Future Directions:

The directions for undertaking future research studies on the related matters are appended

below:


1. Future researchers may utilize the application of Social Learning Theory (SLT) in

detail and explore it further to correlate it with safety aspects associated with

refueling of CNG in automotive Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) as per the requirements

of globally accepted Safety Health Environment (SHE) and prevailing Vehicular

Emission Standards of European Countries (e.g. Euro IV and Euro V Norms) and

Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) of India. (e. g. Bharat Stage III and Bharat

Stage IV Compliant Natural Gas Vehicles).

2. The statutory legislators may therefore formulate the new regulations for effective

implementation of ‘BBS TRAINING’ by incorporating the same and amending the

laws accordingly. There is an immediate need to assess the need of implementing

BBS Training, for improving safety standards in refueling at CFS.

3. Since, this research study was conducted with limited resources and for specific time

duration, which might have influenced the results up to some extent. Therefore all

future studies may be carried out on larger scale. Not only be limited to only six

districts of a state but may be done on All India basis covering all the CGD

Companies operating In India.

4. In a nutshell, since, the results indicated a high degree of variance amongst selected

CFS Managers’ regarding BBS Training considering different dimensions on selected

criteria with regard to CFS’s, it is advisable that, all future research study on the

subject shall be able to cover and must focus on the selected factors influencing the

training decisions and on the selection of appropriate training methodologies to be

adapted at CFS, which has varied due to emerging populations of CGD companies

operating in the demographic area of the different states of India. More numbers of

demographic variables may be studied with respect to the locality and type of

respondents.

5. To ensure safe operations at CFS, more numbers of respondent’s at risk behaviours

may be identified and more numbers of construct be included in all future studies to

measure the safety performance of either an individual respondent or of an operating

organization with available tool and techniques.

6. After substantial time, later the incident rate, accident reduction rate, rate of failure,

and overall success rate of an operating CFS can also be measured for promoting

safety culture, providing accident free work place, and creating awareness amongst

users of clean fuels.

7. All the future research study in this area shall be an additional aid provider in

recognizing the role of the operators as well as the trainers and their belief, attitude,

behaviour, culture and intensions about their training requirements and decisions in

relation to the coverage of all the relevant safety aspects associated at various stages

of their training process, with a goal to achieve the zero accident and provide accident

free work place for the society and sustain the clean, green and safe environment for

future, peaceful and fearless living.

8. Lastly, it is hope that, all future research studies shall provide help to the service

providers, legislators and all the stake holders in better understanding the BBS

training requirements for all types of respondents availing the services of Clean Fuel

Stations (CFS), factors affecting their learning process and variables responsible for


selection of a specialized type of BBS training so that their existing training programs

can be customized accordingly as per their Training Need Analysis (TNA).

Recommendations:

Based upon the data analysis and discussions of this research study undertaken on

mapping perceptions of CFS Managers’ behaviour on Safety Training- an empirical study

across Gujarat, the following recommendations are put forward in the interest of Safety

of Human Resources for its effective implementation at Clean Fuel Stations.

1. The study revealed that majority of CFS Managers working at CFS were not much

aware about training benefits of Behaviour Based Safety Training, which can be

planned for their education and spread of knowledge on the subject. Safety

Awareness Campaign, Display of Safety related Dos and Don’ts, Distribution of

Safety Instruction Cards and Procedural Guidelines Pamphlets through Road Shows

can be organized for them on regular basis at CFS. The study also evidenced that

selected Respondents’ are not generally exposed to safety training. They should be

mandated to undergo training at least once in six month basis to help them to get

exposed to the new things happening outside the world on the subject domain and

enable them to increase their knowledge and experience to handle things safely by

onsite demonstration, training programmes or through FM Radio clippings and visual

ads.

2. There is a need for a concrete action on the part of the law enforcing agencies to

make suitable amendments in the existing regulations for making such training

mandatory and necessary to be organized at regular intervals at CFS particularly for

CFS Managers managing CNG refueling services at CFS in the interest of public

safety.

3. There is a need to properly document and design the specific programme on

Behaviour Based Safety Training for all the respondents of CFS for capacity building,

spreading knowledge on this domain and developing skill for safe handling of CNG

refueling operations of Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs).

4. All recommended Safety Measures to be firmly adopted at CFS for ensuring Safety at

Work Place and the same may be taught through periodic training to every individual

visiting CFS with the help of latest training tools and techniques.

5. All prescribed Statutory Norms to be strictly complied in, to make CFS a safe place

for refueling CNG in automotive vehicles. Periodic internal safety audit and rigorous

inspection drives at regular intervals may be carried out to monitor the compliance of

all the statutes.

6. All CGD companies engaged in dispensing CNG may foster a strong Safety Culture

in their organizations and must provide Behaviour Based Safety Training to all the

stake holders for reducing risk of accidents and creating a safe working environment

in and around CFS.


7. Continuous efforts may be taken by all concerns to develop a strong safety culture in

order to identify the near misses and source of potential hazards to avoid occurrence

of accidents at Clean Fuel Stations (CFS).

8. To achieve the mission of Zero Tolerance towards Accidents both, quality of services

rendered by the individuals working at CFS and NGV Drivers or domestic passengers

visiting CFS has to be improved by providing them Basic Behaviour Based Safety

Training with proper follow up procedures for further improvement in reducing the

risk of accidents at CFS and handling the real time situations.

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Data Tables:

TABLE NUMBER 01:

Population of Clean Fuel Stations Operating as on 15 April 2011 in the State of

Gujarat

North Gujarat South Gujarat East Gujarat

(Central)

West Gujarat

(Saurashtra)

Districts Nos. Districts Nos. Districts Nos. Districts Nos.

Ahmedabad 61 Surat 36 Vadodara 20 Rajkot 24

Gandhinagar 13 Navsari 08 Anand 09 Surendranaga

r

11

Mehsana 11 Valsad 16 Bharuch 13

Sabarkantha 03 Panchmahal 04

Banaskantha 01 Kheda 09

Patan 01


Total 90 60 55 35

Source: http://www.peso.gov.in. Accessed on 16-04-2011

Current Population of Clean Fuel Stations operating in different zones of Gujarat State, at

the time of collection of Primary Data for Sample Calculations were found as, (North=90

+ South=60 + East=55 + West=35); Comprising of total=240 Nos. of CFS. Population of

Interest (POI) comprised of the highest numbers of operating CFS in each Zone.

Ahmedabad (61) and Gandhi Nagar (13) from North Zone, Surat (36) and Valsad (16)

from South Zone, Vadodara (20) from East Zone and Rajkot (24) from West Zone, giving

a total of 170 Nos. of operating CFS selected for collection of Primary data out of 240

Nos. of operating CFS existing in the State of Gujarat as Population of Universe (POU).

TABLE NUMBER 02:

Summary of Indicators and Reliability Alpha Score of CFS Managers

Sr.

No.

Grouped Indicator Items Cronbach

Reliability

Alpha

Coefficient

01 Managers’ Perceptions for working of CFS refueling CNG based

on criteria related with Overall Behaviour

0.686


on criteria related with Training Benefits

0.895


on criteria related with Awareness of Operations of Clean Fuel

Stations

0.778


on criteria related with Safety Measures to be followed at Clean

Fuel Stations

0.742


on criteria related with Statutory Norms to be adopted at Clean

Fuel Stations

0.739


on criteria related with Recommendations for Refueling

0.896

07 Overall Reliability Score of all indicators together for Managers 0.940

Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.686 to 0.896, and Overall Reliability Score of all

indicators together were measured as 0.940, which really shows internal reliability of the

scale for respondents.

TABLE NUMBER 03:

Comparison of Mean Scores of Extent of CFS Managers’ Opinion about Services

Provided

Comparison of Mean Scores of

Extent of Managers’ Opinion

about Services Provided by CFS

Managers’ Overall Opinion with

respect to Criteria

Difference

in Mean

Count


Managers’ Opinion with respect

to Criteria

(Column 2

– Column

4) Rating Scale 1 (Disagree), 2 (Can’t Say) & 3 (Agree)

(Q-6 - 1 to 76) &

(Q-7 - 1 to 27)

Mean

Score

(Rank)

(Q-8 -1 to 6) Mean

Score

(Rank)

1 2 3 4 5

I am happy with the

Overall Behaviour of

the operators of

Clean Fuel Stations

4.79

(5)

I am happy with the

Overall Behaviour of

the operators of

Clean Fuel Stations

4.66

(3) - 0.13

In my opinion

Behaviour Based

Safety Training given

to the operators is

quite Beneficial in

ensuring safe

refueling at Clean

Fuel Stations

4.88

(2)

In my opinion

Behaviour Based

Safety Training given

to the operators is

quite Beneficial in

ensuring safe

refueling at Clean

Fuel Stations

4.62

(5) + 0.26

I am Aware about

Operations of CFS

4.84

(3)

I am Aware about

Operations of CFS

4.70

(2) + 0.14

I am aware of Safety

Measures to be

followed at CFS

4.81

(4)

I am aware of Safety

Measures to be

followed at CFS

4.63

(4) + 0.18

I am aware of

Statutory Norms to be

adopted at CFS

4.74

(6)

I am aware of

Statutory Norms to be

adopted at CFS

4.52

(6) + 0.22

I Recommend, other

Managers for

Refueling from my

Clean Fuel Stations

for its good quality of

service

4.93

(1)

I Recommend, other

Managers for

Refueling from my

Clean Fuel Stations

for its good quality of

service

4.70

(1) + 0.23

Overall Average 4.83 4.63 + 0.20

It is seen from the above table that results are supporting the strength of linkage between

the six statements which thus fulfill the condition of convergent validity test.

TABLE NUMBER 04:

Frequency Analysis: Age of Respondent: Managers* Name of the Districts

Crosstabulation

Name of the Districts (Frequency and Percentage)

Age of

Respondents Baroda Surat Rajkot Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Valsad Total


18-30 9 2 7 2 5 3 28

32.1% 7.1% 25.0% 7.1% 17.9% 10.7% 100.0%

31-45 14 4 1 1 6 3 29

48.3% 13.8% 3.4% 3.4% 20.7% 10.3% 100.0%

46 and

Above 6 0 2 1 7 0 16

37.5% .0% 12.5% 6.3% 43.8% .0% 100.0%

Total 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Three age groups were defined for respondents; maximum frequency was noticed for age

group 31-45, followed by 18-30, while 46 and above recorded the lowest frequency.

TABLE NUMBER 04.01:

Frequency Analysis:Marital Status of Respondent: Managers*Name of the Districts

Crosst.

Name of the Districts(Frequency and Percentage)

Baroda Surat Rajkot Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Valsad Total

Marital

Status of

Respondents

Married Count 19 6 6 3 15 5 54

%

within 35.2% 11.1% 11.1% 5.6% 27.8% 9.3% 100.0%

Unmarried Count 10 0 4 1 3 1 19

%within 52.6% .0% 21.1% 5.3% 15.8% 5.3% 100.0%

Total

Count 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

%within 39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Most of the respondents were found married as unmarried counts were reported less.

TABLE NUMBER 04.02:

Frequency Analysis: Gender : Managers * Name of the Districts Crosstabulation



Gender Male Count 29 5 10 4 17 6 71

within 40.8% 7.0% 14.1% 5.6% 23.9% 8.5% 100.0%

Female Count 0 1 0 0 1 0 2

within .0% 50.0% .0% .0% 50.0% .0% 100.0%

Total Count 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

within 39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Most of the respondents were found male as female count was reported very less in Nos.


TABLE NUMBER04.03:

Frequency Analysis: Educational Qualification: Managers* Name of the Districts

Crosstab



Educational

Qualifications

Below

SSC

Count 4 1 0 0 4 1 10

%within 40.0% 10.0% .0% .0% 40.0% 10.0% 100.0%

Below

Graduate

Count 4 0 2 0 6 1 13

%within 30.8% .0% 15.4% .0% 46.2% 7.7% 100.0%

Graduate

or

Above

Graduate

Count 21 5 8 4 8 4 50

%within 42.0% 10.0% 16.0% 8.0% 16.0% 8.0% 100.0%

Total Count 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

%within 39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Three literacy groups were defined for respondents; maximum frequency was noticed for

Graduates or above Graduates, followed by below Graduates, while below SSC recorded

the lowest one.

TABLE NUMBER04.04:

Frequency Analysis: Monthly Income (In Rupees):Managers* Name of the Districts

Crosst.



Monthly

Income

(In

Rupees)

Less than

Rs.20,000/-

Count 14 3 7 3 10 5 42

%within 33.3% 7.1% 16.7% 7.1% 23.8% 11.9% 100.0%

Rs. 20,001

to Rs.

30,000/-

Count 7 2 1 0 2 0 12

%within 58.3% 16.7% 8.3% .0% 16.7% .0% 100.0%

Rs.30,001

to Rs.

40,000/-

Count 1 1 1 0 2 0 5

%within 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% .0% 40.0% .0% 100.0%

More than

Rs.40,000/-

Count 7 0 1 1 4 1 14

%within 50.0% .0% 7.1% 7.1% 28.6% 7.1% 100.0%

Total Count 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

%within 39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%


Four income groups were defined for respondents; maximum frequency was noticed for

less than Rs.20000/-, while Rs.30001/- to Rs.40000/- recorded the lowest frequency.

TABLE NUMBER 04.05:

Frequency Analysis: Religion : Managers * Name of the Districts Crosstabulation



Religion Hindu Count 27 6 10 4 15 4 66

%within 40.9% 9.1% 15.2% 6.1% 22.7% 6.1% 100.0%

Buddhist Count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

%within .0% .0% .0% .0% .0% .0% .0%

Christian Count 1 0 0 0 1 0 2

%within 50.0% .0% .0% .0% 50.0% .0% 100.0%

Muslim Count 1 0 0 0 0 1 2

%within 50.0% .0% .0% .0% .0% 50.0% 100.0%

Jain Count 0 0 0 0 1 1 2

%within .0% .0% .0% .0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%

Sikh Count 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

%within .0% .0% .0% .0% 100.0% .0% 100.0%

Total Count 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

%within 39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Six basic religion groups were defined for respondents; maximum frequency was noticed

for Hindus, while rest of other groups recorded the lower frequencies. No count was

noticed for Buddhists.

TABLE NUMBER 04.06:

Frequency Analysis: Service Provider : Managers * Name of the Districts

Crosstabulation

Name of the Districts


Sr.

No

.

Service

Provider Barod

a Surat

Rajko

t

Gandhinag

ar

Ahmedaba

d

Valsa

d Total

01 ADANI 5 0 0 0 11 0 16

31.3% .0% .0% .0% 68.8% .0%

100.0

%

02 BPCL 3 2 4 1 3 1 14

21.4% 14.3%

28.6

% 7.1% 21.4% 7.1%

100.0

%

03 CHAROTA

R 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

39.7% 8.2%

13.7

% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2%

100.0

%

04 ESSAROIL 1 0 0 0 1 0 2

50.0% .0% .0% .0% 50.0% .0%

100.0

%

05 GAIL 11 1 0 0 0 0 12

91.7% 8.3% .0% .0% .0% .0%

100.0

%

06 GUJARAT

GAS 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

.0%

100.0

% .0% .0% .0% .0%

100.0

%

07 GSPC GAS 5 2 3 2 0 4 16

31.3% 12.5%

18.8

% 12.5% .0%

25.0

%

100.0

%

08 HPCL 4 0 4 0 2 0 10

40.0% .0%

40.0

% .0% 20.0% .0%

100.0

%

09 IOCL 5 0 0 0 1 1 7

71.4% .0% .0% .0% 14.3%

14.3

%

100.0

%

10 SABARMA

TI GAS 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

(count/

%within) .0% .0% .0% 100.0% .0% .0%

100.0

%

There were ten numbers of service providers operating CFS in the state of Gujarat;

maximum respondent’s frequency was noticed for CHAROTAR, followed by ADANI,

GSPC, BPCL, GAIL, HPCL and IOCL. Rest of other groups recorded the lower

frequencies.

TABLE NUMBER 04.07:


No. of Years Refueling at Clean Fuel Stations: Managers* Name of the Districts

Crosstabu.


No. of

Years Baroda Surat Rajkot Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Valsad Total

Less than

1 Year

9 1 3 1 3 2 19

47.4% 5.3% 15.8% 5.3% 15.8% 10.5% 100.0%

1 to 2

Year

6 0 0 1 4 2 13

46.2% .0% .0% 7.7% 30.8% 15.4% 100.0%

More than

2 years

14 5 7 2 11 2 41

34.1% 12.2% 17.1% 4.9% 26.8% 4.9% 100.0%

Total 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Three time span were defined for counting the respondents refueling experiences at CFS;

maximum frequency was noticed for more than 2 years, followed by less than 1 year,

while 1 to 2 years recorded the lowest one.

TABLE NUMBER 04.08:

Frequency Analysis: Vehicles Refueling : Managers* Name of the Districts

Crosstabulation

Name of the Districts

Sr.

No

.

Vehicle

Refuelin

g

Barod

a Surat

Rajko

t

Gandhinaga

r

Ahmedaba

d

Valsa

d Total

01 Auto 29 6 10 3 18 4 70

41.4% 8.6% 14.3% 4.3% 25.7% 5.7%

100.0

%

02 Bus 15 3 4 3 12 4 41

36.6% 7.3% 9.8% 7.3% 29.3% 9.8%

100.0

%

03 Car 29 6 10 3 18 4 70

41.4% 8.6% 14.3% 4.3% 25.7% 5.7%

100.0

%

04 LCV 18 6 5 2 10 3 44

(count/

%within) 40.9%

13.6

% 11.4% 4.5% 22.7% 6.8%

100.0

%

Four types of vehicular groups were defined for respondents refueling CNG vehicles at

CFS; maximum frequency was noticed for Car and Auto followed by LCV, while Bus

recorded the lowest one.

TABLE NUMBER 04.09:


Frequency Analysis: No. of Times Deputed for Safety Training : Managers* Name

of the D.


No of

Times

Deputed

for Baroda Surat Rajkot Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Valsad Total

Once in

Qtr 9 1 8 3 2 2 25

36.0% 4.0% 32.0% 12.0% 8.0% 8.0% 100.0%

1 in six

month 9 3 0 0 0 3 15

60.0% 20.0% .0% .0% .0% 20.0% 100.0%

Once in a

year 7 2 2 1 14 1 27

25.9% 7.4% 7.4% 3.7% 51.9% 3.7% 100.0%

Never 4 0 0 0 2 0 6

66.7% .0% .0% .0% 33.3% .0% 100.0%

Total 29 6 10 4 18 6 73

39.7% 8.2% 13.7% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2% 100.0%

Four types of training frequency groups were defined for respondents of CFS; maximum

frequency was noticed for Once in a year, followed by once in Quarter and once in six

month, while never deputed for training recorded the lowest one.

TABLE NUMBER 05:

Over All Training Benefits: Frequency Managers *Name of the Districts

Crosstabulation

Q.N

. Total

Manager

s * Name of the Districts (Frequency and Percentage)

TB (count/

%within)

Barod

a

Sura

t

Rajko

t

Gandhinaga

r

Ahmedaba

d

Valsa

d Total

29 6 10 4 18 6 73

39.7%

8.2

%

13.7

% 5.5% 24.7% 8.2%

100.0

%

The frequency of total response counts for over all Training Benefits (TB) of CFS

Managers was reported highest in Baroda followed by Ahmedabad and Rajkot.

TABLE NUMBER 06:

Descriptive Statistics of Variable Average – CFS Managers

Description N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

OBVARAVG 73 3.75 5.00 4.6687 .30292


SMVARAVG 73 3.72 5.00 4.6294 .28630

SNVARAVG 73 3.72 5.00 4.5274 .30948

AOVARAVG 73 3.69 5.00 4.7050 .33086

TBVARAVG 73 3.72 5.00 4.6344 .31183

RRVARAVG 73 3.00 5.00 4.7009 .47463

Valid N (listwise) 73

Descriptive Statistics of Managers responses were tabulated with mean and Standard

Deviations for N=73.

TABLE NUMBER 07:

Descriptive Statistics of Mean of Safety Criterion – CFS Managers

Q8 N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

OB 73 4 5 4.79 .407

TB 73 3 5 4.88 .371

AO 73 4 5 4.84 .373

SM 73 4 5 4.81 .396

SN 73 4 5 4.74 .442

RR 73 4 5 4.93 .254

Valid N (listwise) 73

Descriptive Statistics of Managers responses for mean of Question Number 8 were

tabulated with mean and Standard Deviations for N=73.

TABLE NUMBER 08:

Summary of Criteria Need Improvement for Opinion of Managers on Selected

Dimensions

Sr.

No. Selected Factors Important Criteria that Needs Improvement

01 Behaviour

Operator welcome, visitors arriving at CFS for

refueling

Vehicle earthling is there after removed by the

Operator

Operator call the next vehicle after present vehicle

leaves the Dispensing area towards Exit of the

CFS


The Managers are guided for getting their CNG

cylinder tested from an authorized cylinder testing

station

02 Safety Measures

SM Operator instruct Manager for not to touch the

vehicle to avoid discharge of static current before

start of refueling

Fire Buckets with Sand and Water are available

for use in case of Fire

DCP Type of Fire Extinguishers are kept in ready

to use positions, near CNG Dispensers,

Compressor, Motor Station,, CNG Storage and

CNG Cascade refueling area for Fire Fighting

CNG Dispensers are provided with Emergency

Switch to Stop the Filling

It is ascertained that fitted on board CNG Cylinder

is not test due before refueling

03 Safety Norms

Operator check Vehicle for switch off the other

electronic devices before start of refueling

With the Behaviour Based Safety Training, one

can identify source of fire or any other

implements capable of igniting flammable vapour

or gas, which shall not be allowed at CFS

04 Awareness of Operations

Operator observe that driver switch off the

ignition when Vehicle is placed for refueling

Warning Signs are displayed at CFS, for

information & action of Visitors

05 Training Benefits

I know statutory provisions related to the Clean

Fuel station

Behaviour Based Safety Training Educates the

operators on Safety issues

Safety Training is helpful in improving quality of

services rendered by individuals working at Clean

Fuel Station

Safety Training of the employees improves the

Brand Image of the Company Operating the Clean

Fuel Station.

With investment on imparting the Behaviour

Based Safety Training, Company's Annual

Profitability increases

06 Recommendations

for Refueling NA


out of six selected factors for Managers were listed with their important criteria that need

further improvements.

All the six selected factors for CFS Managers were listed with their important criteria that

need further improvements. It can be seen from the above Factor analysis findings, that,

the opinion of CFS Managers on different criteria selected for factor loadings resulted in

listing of some of the important criteria that needs further improvements, which can be

effectively achieved with the help of BBS Training at CFS amongst the CFS Managers of

selected cities. The study further reveals that most of the respondent CFS Managers were

agreeing on following training benefits of BBS Training at CFS, that Safety Training can

avoid Accidents, Safety Training can minimize Near Misses, Safety Training can Set up

Accident Free Workplace, Safety Training can achieve Zero Accidents at CFS, Safety

Training increases motivation of employees of CFS, Safety Training improves retention

of employees of CFS, Safety Training is helpful in improving quality of services rendered

by individuals working at CFS, Safety Training improves job satisfaction of employees

of CFS, Safety Training improves knowledge of employees of CFS and Customer

Satisfaction increases due to Safe Work place Environment at CFS, Safety Training of

the employees improves the Brand Image of the Company Operating the CFS. With the

BBS Training, an Individual can increase his Knowledge on Safety Issues, With the BBS

Training, an Individual can increase his Safety Consciousness Level, With the BBS

Training, an Individual can identify Near Misses in a better way, With the BBS Training,

an Individual can reduce Accidents in a better way, With investment on imparting the

BBS Training, Company’s Annual Profitability increases. On rest of the criteria either

they were undecided or disagreeing based upon their individual knowledge and belief on

the subject. Thus, it can be inferred that, CFS Managers were actually not much aware

about all the important training benefits of BBS Training so, they had not opined

generously but came up tightfistedly covering only few of the important Selected Safety

Criteria’s in general. It was noticed that, CFS Managers were either not well exposed or

at least not considered fit for deputation to avail Safety Training by their operating CGD

companies, as they were unaware about most of the other proven benefits of the BBS

Training related to safe refueling practices being adopted at operating Clean Fuel Stations

across the globe.

mapping perceptions of cfs anager s behaviour on …apps.aima.in/ejournal_new/articlespdf/14-mis...

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