MAPPING OF CITES-LISTED ENDANGERED TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP MAPPING OF CITES-LISTED ENDANGERED TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP FOREST TREE SPECIES USING AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL FOREST TREE SPECIES USING AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL

SENSORSENSOR

Khali Aziz Hamzah, Mohd Azahari Faidi and Hamdan OmarKhali Aziz Hamzah, Mohd Azahari Faidi and Hamdan OmarForest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)

ASIA GEOSPATIAL FORUM 17 – 19 SEPTEMBER 2012, HANOI, VIETNAMASIA GEOSPATIAL FORUM 17 – 19 SEPTEMBER 2012, HANOI, VIETNAM

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1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

2.2. The ProjectThe Project

3.3. Result and Discussion Result and Discussion

4.4. ConclusionConclusion

PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE

MALAYSIA – FOREST AREAMALAYSIA – FOREST AREA

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• Malaysia total land area - about 328,300 km2

• About 59.5% (19.52 million ha) is still under forest cover

Region Land area (mil ha)

Natural Forest Types Plantation forest

Total Forested

land

% of total land Area

Dry inland

Swamp forest

Mangrove forest

Pen. Malaysia

13.16 5.40 0.30 0.10 0.08 5.88 44.7

Sabah 7.37 3.83 0.12 0.34 0.11 4.40 59.7Sarawak 12.30 7.92 1.12 0.14 0.06 9.24 75.1Total (Malaysia)

32.83 17.15 1.54 0.58 0.25 19.52 59.5

South China SeaSouth China Sea

Strait Of Malacca

Strait Of Malacca

Sulu SeaSulu Sea

MALAYSIA – FOREST MAPMALAYSIA – FOREST MAP

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• Ramin (Ramin (Gonystylus bancanusGonystylus bancanus) is an endangered peat ) is an endangered peat swamp forest speciesswamp forest species

• It has been listed in Appendix ll of the Convention on It has been listed in Appendix ll of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Fauna and Flora (CITES)

• There is a need to identify the ramin population in the There is a need to identify the ramin population in the natural habitat for management purposesnatural habitat for management purposes

ISSUESISSUES

• Scientific name: Gonystylus bancanus• Family: Thymelaeaceae• Local name: Ramin• Brief description: large tree and can grow up to

40 m in height• Uses: timber for high quality furniture• Ecology: gregarious in peat swamp forests

ABOUT THE SPECIES

fruits

seedling

flower

timberstree

Ramin – Gonystylus bancanus

RESEARCH RESEARCH JUSTIFICATIONJUSTIFICATION

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• To identify and locate ramin trees in a highly To identify and locate ramin trees in a highly mixed peat swamp forest is a challenging mixed peat swamp forest is a challenging task. task.

• The ideal way is to inventories the whole The ideal way is to inventories the whole population, but this will be very expensive to population, but this will be very expensive to implement in the field. implement in the field.

• Opportunities on mapping using Opportunities on mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing technologyhyperspectral remote sensing technology

• Ramin is considered canopy layer treeRamin is considered canopy layer tree• Advantage to use airborne hyperspectral data Advantage to use airborne hyperspectral data

Forest profile of Plot E3: 39, Baccaurea bracteata; 54, Blumeodendron tokbrai; 14, 61, Calophyllum ferrugineum; 27, Calophyllum sclerophyllum; 47, Camnosperma coriaceum; 2, 33, 49, 50, Diospyros lanceifolia; 53, Diospyros maingayi; 18, 32, Durio carinatus; 3,9,17,24,Gonystylus bancanus; 21, 29, 40, Koompassia malaccensis; 15, 30, Licania splendens; 43, 58, Litsea elliptica; 36, 38, 44, 56, 60, Litsea gracilipes; 51, Litsea grandis; 12, 16, 41, Lophopetalum floribundum; 45, Lophopetalum multinervium; 6, 7, 8, 11, 20, 55, 64, Neoscortechinia forbesii; 10, Palaquium ridleyi; 22, 37, 52, Parastemon urophyllus; 23, 48, Polyalthia glauca; 5, Polyalthia hypoleuca; 1, 57, Shorea platycarpa; 13, Syzygium cerinum; 19, 26, 31, 46, Syzygium inophyllum; 34, 62, Syzygium kiahii; 25, 35, Syzygium lineatum; 4, Tetractomia majus; 59, Xantophyllum ellipticum; 28, 42, Xylopia magna.

RAMIN IN THE FOREST

THE PROJECT

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Objective:Objective:• To generate spatial distribution maps of To generate spatial distribution maps of

ramin in peat swamp forest using ramin in peat swamp forest using hyperspectral technology.hyperspectral technology.

Expected Output:Expected Output:• Spectral library, spatial distribution maps Spectral library, spatial distribution maps

and spatial database for raminand spatial database for ramin

Peat Swamp Forest, Pekan,

PahangMALAYSIA

PROJECT AREA

PEAT SWAMP FOREST DURING DRY SEASON

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PEAT SWAMP FOREST DURING WET SEASON

THE METHODOLOGY

Spectral Library

Field Survey

Ramin Distribution Map

Yes

No

Airborne Data Acquisition

Data Pre-Processing

Data Classification

Discriminating Ramin

Vectorisation

Accuracy Assessment

• X,Y location

• height

• DBH (>20cm)

• crown width

SPECTRORADIOMETER DATA COLLECTION

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Spectral RangeSpectral Range 350 nm to 1050 nm350 nm to 1050 nm

Bandwidth intervalBandwidth interval 1.5 nm1.5 nm

Technical Specifications:Technical Specifications:

AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL DATA

- - Sensor : HySpex VNIR-1600Sensor : HySpex VNIR-1600- Spatial resolution, 0.5m Spatial resolution, 0.5m - - Number of bands, 160Number of bands, 160

- Spectral Range : - Spectral Range : 0.4-1μm - Swath width,1km- Swath width,1km

AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL DATA

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Acquiring of airborne hyperspectral data in the study areaAcquiring of airborne hyperspectral data in the study area

HySpex V-NIR 1600HySpex V-NIR 1600Hyperspectral system installationsHyperspectral system installations

Aircraft (9M - PIH)Aircraft (9M - PIH)

RESULT & DISCUSSION

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Statistic Gonystylus bancanus

(%)

Calopyllum ferrugineum

(%)

Minimum 2.2 6.2

Maximum 57.9 59.6

Mean 26.9 31.7

SPECTRAL LIBRARY

RESULT & DISCUSSION

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AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL DATA

Spectral Spectral dimensiondimension

Spatial Spatial dimensiondimension

PixelPixel

RESULT & DISCUSSION

• HySpex VNIR data cubeHySpex VNIR data cubeRamin spectral signatureRamin spectral signature Meranti Paya spectral signatureMeranti Paya spectral signature

Understory spectral signatureUnderstory spectral signature

Bintangor spectral signatureBintangor spectral signature

RESULT & DISCUSSION

• Spectral signature of selected features in hyperspectral Spectral signature of selected features in hyperspectral imagesimages

RESULT & DISCUSSION

• Correlation (ramin reflectance) between hyperspectral Correlation (ramin reflectance) between hyperspectral data and spectroradiometer measurementdata and spectroradiometer measurement

RESULT & DISCUSSION

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o Using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification technique the hyperspectral data can be used to map ramin distributions

o It was found that the It was found that the distribution of distribution of ramin ramin within within the study area is about 21 the study area is about 21 tree per ha, tree per ha,

o Mapping accuracy of 86% Mapping accuracy of 86%

RESULT & DISCUSSION

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Virgin Forest :Virgin Forest : Ramin – 491/25ha (19.64/ha)Ramin – 491/25ha (19.64/ha) Bintangor – 353/25ha (14.12/ha)Bintangor – 353/25ha (14.12/ha)

Logged Over Forest:Logged Over Forest: Ramin – 179/30ha (5.97/ha)Ramin – 179/30ha (5.97/ha) Bintangor – 50/30ha (1.67/ha)Bintangor – 50/30ha (1.67/ha)

RaminRamin - Mean height, 34.70m- Mean height, 34.70m - DBH, 21.6 – 83.5cm- DBH, 21.6 – 83.5cm

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CONCLUSION

• Spectral library of the Ramin trees has been Spectral library of the Ramin trees has been developed and can be used as reference spectral developed and can be used as reference spectral library for the future research project.library for the future research project.

• Ramin trees can be identified using hyperspectral Ramin trees can be identified using hyperspectral data with acceptable mapping accuracy (86%). data with acceptable mapping accuracy (86%).

• Inventory of Ramin can be carried out faster.Inventory of Ramin can be carried out faster.

• The availability of accurate information on ramin The availability of accurate information on ramin population from this study can be used to assist in population from this study can be used to assist in designing rehabilitation and conservation programs designing rehabilitation and conservation programs in order to conserve and sustainably manage this in order to conserve and sustainably manage this species in line with the CITES requirements.species in line with the CITES requirements.

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This work was made possible by a grant from ITTO under its collaborative program with CITES and Malaysia This work was made possible by a grant from ITTO under its collaborative program with CITES and Malaysia to build capacity for implementing timber listings. Donors to this collaborative program include the EU (primary to build capacity for implementing timber listings. Donors to this collaborative program include the EU (primary

donor), the USA, Japan, Norway, New Zealand and Switzerland.donor), the USA, Japan, Norway, New Zealand and Switzerland.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Thank YouThank You