Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Internationalisation efforts in Hungary and abroadPecs, 23 June 2015

Internationalisation and competitiveness of Hungarian higher education Bernd WächterDirector, ACA

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

A few words on ACA

• A (mainly) European association of national organisations supporting internationalisation or ‘the club of the TPFs of Europe’

• Promoting innovation through internationalisation

• Studies and expert opinion on (international) HE developments, for example - Student mobility in Europe and globally- English-taught programmes in Europe- Perceptions of European HE worldwide

• Seminars and conferences • ACA Newsletter – Education Europe

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Roadmap

• Internationalisation• Student mobility into and out of Hungary in

a European perspective• English-medium instruction• Conclusions

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Internationalisation (1)

The process of integrating an international, intercultural, or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of post-secondary education

Jane Knight (2003)

…border-crossing activitiesUlrich Teichler (20??)

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Internationalisation (2)

• A fuzzy / elusive concept• A continuous widening of meaning over

time• At the beginning (post-war years):

internationalisation = the international mobility of persons for purposes of learning and teaching

• Today: internationalisation = almost everything

• Increasingly, line between internationalisation and mainstream HE policy has become blurred.

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Internationalisation: a Wittgensteinian approach (3)

• International mobility of students and faculty (in many shapes and sizes)

• Recognition of degrees and study periods• Curricular internationalisation /

internationalisation at home, international and internationally comparative content, integrated study abroad phases, joint/double degrees, etc.

• English-medium provision• Teaching foreign languages (???)

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Internationalisation: a Wittgensteinian

approach (4)

• transnational education (cross-border, borderless or collaborative provision)

• International marketing and promotion

• Joint / coordinated structural and substantive system reform (Bologna Process, Lisbon Strategy, OECD processes)

• ICT-based learning (e-learning, distance learning, MOOCs, open learning and open educational resources (OER)

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Inbound degree mobility

Hungary is not a leader in inbound degree mobility, but not at the bottom of the pile either

Country %age of foreign students

Cyprus 26.9

UK 19.5

CH 19.3

AT 16.7

DE / FR 11.3

HU 3.5

SK 0.9

TR 0.8

Europe 32 6.9

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Degree mobility inbound – selected countries (06/07)

Country Foreign students

Pop. in million

Foreign students in 10,000 inhabitants

UK 460,000 61 7.5

Cyprus 6,000 1 6.0

Austria 44,000 8 5.5

Switzerland 41,000 8 5.1

Hungary 15,000 10 1.5

Bulgaria 9,000 7 1.3

Slovenia 1,000 2 0.5

Poland 16,000 38 0.3

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Degree mobility – outboundSelected countries (06/07)Country Total enrolment

(home nationality)Home nationality students abroad

Home nationality students abroad as %age of domestic enrolment

Cyprus 16,254 22,411 137.9

Ireland 173,591 30,204 17.4

Slovakia 215,942 25,466 11.8

Malta 9,204 1,074 11.7

Slovenia 114,433 2,699 2.4

Turkey 2,434,407 56,555 2.3

Hungary 461,462 8,551 2.1

Spain 1,717,684 29,027 1.7

UK 1,902,828 23,393 1.2

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Degree mobility Outbound-inbound ratio (06/07)

Country Out-in ratio

Slovakia 12.67

Iceland 4.82

Lithuania 4.4

Cyprus 3.75

Hungary 0.57

Austria 0.30

Switzerland 0.24

Belgium 0.22

UK 0.05

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Credit mobility (1)

• No regular annual international statistics like we have for ‘foreign students’ and ‘own nationals abroad’;

• Good statistics for ERASMUS (but what is the share of ERASMUS of all credit mobility?);

• Hungary in ERASMUS: almost fully balanced in- and out-flows, at slightly over 4,000 (2012/23 data).

• Outbound ERASMUS mobility is about 50% outbound degree mobility from Hungary. A relatively high value in European comparison, but partly due to low outflow of degree mobile students from Hungary.

• Inbound ERASMUS mobility about a quarter of inbound degree mobility.

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

English-medium instruction (EMI)

• In the most recent ACA mapping of EMI in Europe (2014), Hungary was on rank 12 of 28 (composite indicator).

• By the measure of the share of enrolment in EMI programmes of all programmes, it reached also a midfield place, with about 2%.

• Unsurprisingly (for you), Hungary reaches top values in disciplines such as human and vetenary medicine, dentistry and pharmacy.

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Overall picture

• Hungary occupies a midfield position when compared to countries with a similar level of economic development.

• However, averages are little revealing in this case. In fact, Hungary is a split case.

• Hungary is very successful in attracting foreign students in medicine and similar disciplines, where the country benefits from capacity limits in other countries (particularly Nordic ones), and where programmes are taught in English or in German.

• Beyond these disciplines and programmes, inbound mobility numbers are low and include a substantial share of ethnic Hungarians from nearby countries.

• Hungary should make strong efforts to internationalise its higher education sector: it needs to make up for young emigrants, to keep up its knowledge industry.

Mapping mobility Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA

Thanks

So much more to say …but not enough time

Thank you for your attention.

www.aca-secretariat.be