mapping & creation of detail database of mining and metallurgical activities and disposal sites...

Mapping & creation of detail database Mapping & creation of detail database of mining and metallurgical activities of mining and metallurgical activities

and disposal sites in Serbiaand disposal sites in Serbia

Authors:Marija Korać, M.Sc. metallurgyŽeljko Kamberović, Ph.D. metallurgy

Workshop, Belgrade, dec. 10th 2007

Motive

• Extended mining and metallurgical activities in relation to lack of appropriate remediation technology caused environmental degradation.

• The water resources near industries are contaminated by generated wastes, dumped without efficient pretreatment.


Objectives

• Mapping major mining and metallurgical activities and sites where industrial wastes are disposed.

• Collection and managining of available informations for mapped industries– This level will define

• the size, kind and distribution of the major mining and metallurgical industries

• quantity and characteristics of produced wastes• production and waste management technology• extent of regional water resources

contamination


1. US Steel Serbia2. The Šabac Plant3. Zajača, Loznica4. RTB Bor, Bor5. Trepča Complex6. Rudnik, Rudnik7. Thermal Power

Plant Kostolac8. Thermal Power

Plant Kolubara

Mapped locations in Serbia


Mapped locations1.1. US Steel SerbiaUS Steel Serbia

• On 1913. Serbian mining and smelting industrial society was found in Smederevo called SARTID. The main reason was existance of rail, road and river near by as transportation way for ore and coal. On year 1963 SARTID becomes integrated steel plant. On 2003. United States Steel Corporation purchases steel plant and it became US Steel Serbia d.o.o.

2.2. The Šabac PlantThe Šabac Plant• Started with production in 1955 as Zorka-chemistry. Expanding of

capacity took place in the seventies (30 000t of electrolytic zinc and 110 t of metal cadmium). Due to privatization problem plant is not in operating condition, all metallurgical activities are closed!

3.3. Zajača, LoznicaZajača, Loznica• It starded as primary production of antimony, but today they

produce lead from sesondary raw material, acid lead accumulatore. Positive effort, instalation of new separation-melting-rafination line

4.4. RTB Bor, BorRTB Bor, Bor• First geological explorations of copper ore at Bor were conducted

in 1897 covering the area called Tilva Rosh. The Company, started operations on June 01, 1904. During 1993 the Company made various investments. In the 2006 started privatization process.


Mapped locations5.5. Trepča ComplexTrepča Complex

• Started in 1926. Trepca was taken in 1944 by partisans and a new period of ruthless exploitation to achieve maximum outputs with minimum investments began. Trepca's business collapsed in the period 1988-94. On 12 September 1999 KFOR troops barred access to the Trepca workers

6.6. Rudnik, RudnikRudnik, Rudnik• Rudnik, mined since 1952, is the only one still operating.

Production has been about 7 Mt of ore. Bismuth and gold occur, and the presence of platinoids is reported. Privatized in 2006. Working with increasing production, low impact on environment

7.7. Thermal Power Plant KostolacThermal Power Plant Kostolac• Production of electric energy in Kostolac last for more than 50

years. The first power plant was instaled in 1948, power 8MW. Power plants Kostolac annualy produce 4 mil. kWh of electric energy or 10% of total power consumption in country.

8.8. Thermal Power Plant KolubaraThermal Power Plant Kolubara• Located at the edge of Kolubara coal basin. Capacity 245 MW.

The power plant is constructed next to the lignite open-pit mine "Tamnava-West field" which is its fuel supplier.


Form


Questionary

Sent to all relevant addresses from mapped locations,butNO REPLYNO REPLY


Collection of data

• Local Action Environmental Plans-LEAP• Previous and current studies & projects

– faculties– institutes

• World Wide Web


Sample of completed form-RTB Bor


Background data

Bor river

1. Water collector on thebottom of open pit“Veliki Krivelj”.

q= 2,332.80 m3/daypH= 4.40[Cu]= 127.5 mg/L[Fe]= 0.38 mg/L[Zn]=3.10 mg/L

2. Wastewater withleach solution from surfacewater stream Saraka.


3. Pumped out wastewaterfrom open pit Bor.

q= 3,599.42 m3/daypH= 3.36[Cu]= 174.68 mg/L[Fe]= 616.20 mg/L[Zn]= 31.33 mg/L

4. Surface, drainage wastewaters offlotation dam 1A of flotationtailings pond Veliki Krivelj.


5. Drainage wastewaters offlotation dam 3A of flotationtailings pond Veliki Krivelj.


6. Wastewater from lake “Robule”, whichoriginate from accumulation of leachsolutions from Pit Bor tailings pond.

q= 483.84 m3/daypH= 2.97[Cu]= 55.16 mg/L[Fe]= 895.00 mg/L[Zn]=26.5 mg/L

7. Collective wastewater pumped out fromopen pit Bor (closed in 1992.), frommetallurgical plants (electrolysis, factory ofH2SO4 and other S&R plants)and drainage waters.


Timok riverDanube

Krivelj river

http://www.labmet.ntua.gr/intreat/


RTB Bor disposal sites

• With upto now mining and metallurgical activities on theritory of municipality Bor is deposited 450×106t of cover, 207×106t of flotation tailings and 23×106t of smelter slag. This waste represents 99.947% of total deposited waste on theritory of municipality Bor.

• Cover is deposited beside open pits without adequate protection measures.

• Reverb furnace slag is very stabile and is deposited beside smelter (far away from water streams), with insignificant changes caused by atmosphere conditions.


RTB Bor disposal sites• There are two flotation-tailing dams at Bor: Bor (RTH) and Veliki Krivelj.• The Veliki Krivelj tailing is located in the Kriveljska River valley 4km south

from village Veliki Krivelj and 7-8km from village Ostrelj, and has been created by the deviation of river (tunnel-2400m and collector-1700m) and by damming the river downstream and upstream (three dams). Two symmetric flotation tailings were constructed. with volumes of 94.3×106 m3 and 89,4×106 m3, respectively. Total area of this flotation tailings is 334ha and up to now is deposited 170 mil t of flotation tailings. For future it is planned to expand field I and build up dam 1 and 2 from todays 350m up to 385m. Deposition on this flotation tailings started at 1984. А serious accident risk spot concerns the Veliki Krivelj tailing pond, due to the possibility of breaking of the Krivelj ska River collector. If the damages on the collector are not repaired, the dams (1А, IIA and IIIA) can breack, causing severe environmental damage. Transport to this flotation tailings is gravitaionaly trough cannal.

• The RTH tailing was constructed in the area of the RТH Open pit, and then expanded to a part of the Borska riverbed, which was dammed. Deposition started in 1985. The total area occupied by the RTH tailing is 86.4ha (volume 94.3×106 m3) with 52.8 mil t of flotation tailings. Distance from river and from toen is equal, 1km.

• Old Bor flotation tailings is located within plant flotaion Bor. This flotation tailings isn’t in exploitation since 1985. Total surface of tailings is 57ha of which 30ha is recultivated and 27ha is under water.


Sample of completed form-Kostolac


Kostolac-disposal sites• Thermal plant ''Kostolac'' (TEKO) are located nearby town Kostolac on around 20km

from Požarevca. It is composed of two thermal plants:''Kostolac A'' i ''Kostolac B''.• Ash and slag disposal site is located on ''Middle island of Kostolac''. Total surface

area of disposal site is around 230 ha on basic dam. It is devided in three casettes (A,B,C). Casettes B and C are dimilar in surface area (B=60 ha, C=70 ha) while casette A has surface area of 85 ha.

• Amounts of ash and slag available for disposal is:• TE KO A1 48.6 t/h• TE KO A2 83.2 t/h• TE KO B1 105.54 t/h• TE KO B2 105.54 t/h• On annual level production of slag and ash is (for 6000 working hours):• TE KO A 790 800 t• TE KO B 1 266 000 t• Total for both thermal plants 2 056 800 t.• Currently, ash and slag are disposed by special pipeline, by mixing with water in ratio

1:10. In the next three to four years TEKO is planning to transfer to new technology of diposal. New technology will include mixing with water in rato 1:1, disabling scattering of ash and slag from disposal casettes. With project is forcasted that transport system of both blocks of thermal plant Kostolac B is reconstructed replacing current hydaulic transport of thinly mixture whith hydraulic transport of thick hydro-mixture. Transfering to new technology will enable disposal of larger quantities of slag and ash on tha same area as up to now. Besides, significant investments will be in project of conveying of oil contaminated wastewaters.


Next step

• Assesment of utilized technologies and definition of potential and fasible technological improvement that could be taken in consideration

• Comparison with Best Available Techniques (BAT)

mapping & creation of detail database of mining and metallurgical activities and disposal sites...

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